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  • Walk me through the Linux log files (please)

    - by Andy
    Hey all, I just tried loading a 2MB file in gedit and it silently died on me. I was wondering if anything might appear in a log file that might help me diagnose this: I checked syslog and found out it segfaulted. While doing this I realised that I don't really know anything about how logging is organised on *nix machines. All I know at the mo is Logs are typically stored in /var/log/... is there anywhere else that I should know about? I'm familiar with application specific logs, such as apache's. I understand that dmesg is the bootup log, and syslog is a general system log... is that right? So would someone mind taking me through the most useful logs? Are the two logs I mention in the final point the only general logs? And what are the funky numbers at the start of lines in dmesg? Seconds since startup? Please include anything in your answers that you think would improve my understanding here and help me track down anomalies! TIA Andy

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  • Make all changes by a user reversible on linux

    - by Darokthar
    Is it possible to safe all changes a user does in his home directory? The idea is to be able to recover a home directory if a file is deleted or overwritten. My problem is having an old family member (80+ years) who wants to learn how to use a computer. For me it would be easier to recover the home directory from any abuse or mistakes that the user might do. Is there an easy solution, which is quite failsafe?

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  • how to get a decent emacs setup on linux

    - by Hersheezy
    I am currently interested in switching from vim to emacs. One of the more compelling reasons for this is the smooth integration with a unix environment. The most experienced emacs users I have seen have a bash prompt at the bottom of their window, with stdout going to a buffer right above it. They then interact with the output of programs such as grep in interesting ways. I am on Ubuntu 10.04 and the default emacs environment does not seem to do much for me in the way of integration. For example, in the M-x shell mode, output from basic commands like ls produce lots of strange characters and hitting the up arrow does not go to previous commands. Any recommendations on a good direction to go in?

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  • Linux Firefox copy/paste issue

    - by Daniel
    I'm using Firefox 15.0.1 on Fedora 17 without running gnome or kde. The problem I'm having is that whenever I select text outside of Firefox, for instance in xterm, the middle mouse button doesn't copy it inside Firefox, for instance in a text area, but rather brings up a context menu. A related problem is that whenever I middle click inside Firefox, for instance in a text input, the middle mouse button brings up a menu when I'd like it to paste. Even if I select Paste in the menu not the selected text (from outside Firefox) gets pasted but the last selected text inside Firefox. In about:config I tried "middlemouse.paste true" and also "middlemouse.paste false" together with the add-on Auto Copy but no combination worked. A middle mouse click always brings up a context menu. But the Auto Copy did help with automatically copying selected text to the clipboard. With Auto Copy the only problem I still have is pasting by middle button. Follow up: somehow the problem solved itself. After removing Auto Copy firefox works as I expect it to (as any X application). I can't figure out why it was not doing it before, probably I was messing too much with about:config and not restarting frequently enough.

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  • Linux: permission to read file from /sys/kernel/debug wihout root privileges

    - by gogowitczak
    I'd like to read small text file, located at: /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch without root permissions. It contains information about graphic cards (dedicated ATI Radeon and integrated Intel HD3000). I wrote a simple script displaying infomation I need, but it works only with root privileges. I already tried changing file & folder permissions, but when I restart my computer, the problem remains. Is it possible to permanently change that file permissions or owner?

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  • How can i simulate the production servers in my home for linux VMs [closed]

    - by user31
    I am thinking of making the small simulation of how the big companies run their system in my home environment to get the feeling. I have the server with 8GB ram , quad core processor. I am thinking of following setup if thats [possible because i have not worked with biger companies , so i want to know how can i do that I am thinking of creating 5 virtual machines VM1 will be database server and will have all databases like MySQL , postgreSQL , sqlite , mongodb and Oracle VM2 will be the web server and will have Apache and Tomcat installed VM3 will be the Filse server where i will have all the web sites file VM4 , i am thinking of as main box where i can install ptyon php java j2ee sites but not sure VM5 will have the server 22008 for c# .net applications my main idea is to be able to host the sites in php, python , java j2ee with spring Is my setup ok or i am missing few things. Please guide me with correct setup so that i can learn stuff

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  • How to backup data from linux servers to linux server (incremental + snapshot)?

    - by wag2639
    We have a handful of hosted servers running RHEL4 and RHEL5 and would like to backup some key folders (I'm thinking /var /srv and /etc) to a local server we have in house. The local server is running Ubuntu 9.10 Server edition. I'm looking for a free (preferably OSS) way to grab (or push) incremental backups to my local server and once a month or so, make a new snapshot for incremental updates in between snapshots. Also, while I'm comfortable with using a command line, others may need to use the system in the future, and I would like some kind of graphical or web interface to browse the backup repository. Suggestions?

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  • How to backup data from linux servers to linux server (incremental + snapshot)?

    - by wag2639
    We have a handful of hosted servers running RHEL4 and RHEL5 and would like to backup some key folders (I'm thinking /var /srv and /etc) to a local server we have in house. The local server is running Ubuntu 9.10 Server edition. I'm looking for a free (preferably OSS) way to grab (or push) incremental backups to my local server and once a month or so, make a new snapshot for incremental updates in between snapshots. Also, while I'm comfortable with using a command line, others may need to use the system in the future, and I would like some kind of graphical or web interface to browse the backup repository. Suggestions?

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  • Graphing per-user CPU usage on a Linux machine

    - by mart1n
    I want to graph (graphical output would be great, i.e. a .png file) the following situation: I have users A, B, and C. I limit their resources so that when all users run a CPU intensive task at the same time, those processes will use 25%, 25%, and 50% of CPU. I know I can get the real-time stats using top but have no idea what to do with them. I've searched through the huge top man page but haven't found much on the subject of outputting data that can be graphed. Ideally, the graph would show a span of maybe 30 seconds. Any ideas how to achieve this?

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  • Informaton of pendriver with libudv on linux

    - by Catanzaro
    I'm doing a little app in C that read the driver information of my pendrive: Plugged it and typed dmesg: [ 7676.243994] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access Lexar USB Flash Drive 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS [ 7676.248359] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 7676.256733] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] 7831552 512-byte logical blocks: (4.00 GB/3.73 GiB) [ 7676.266559] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 7676.266566] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 7676.266569] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 7676.285373] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 7676.285383] sdb: sdb1 [ 7676.298661] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 7676.298667] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk with "udevadm info -q all -n /dev/sdb" P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:03.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/host7/target7:0:0/7:0:0:0/block/sdb N: sdb W: 36 S: block/8:16 S: disk/by-id/usb-Lexar_USB_Flash_Drive_AA5OCYQII8PSQXBB-0:0 S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:03.0-usb-0:1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 E: UDEV_LOG=3 E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:03.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/host7/target7:0:0/7:0:0:0/block/sdb E: MAJOR=8 E: MINOR=16 E: DEVNAME=/dev/sdb E: DEVTYPE=disk E: SUBSYSTEM=block E: ID_VENDOR=Lexar E: ID_VENDOR_ENC=Lexar\x20\x20\x20 E: ID_VENDOR_ID=05dc E: ID_MODEL=USB_Flash_Drive E: ID_MODEL_ENC=USB\x20Flash\x20Drive\x20 E: ID_MODEL_ID=a813 E: ID_REVISION=1100 E: ID_SERIAL=Lexar_USB_Flash_Drive_AA5OCYQII8PSQXBB-0:0 E: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=AA5OCYQII8PSQXBB E: ID_TYPE=disk E: ID_INSTANCE=0:0 E: ID_BUS=usb E: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650: E: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 E: ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:02:03.0-usb-0:1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 E: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos E: UDISKS_PRESENTATION_NOPOLICY=0 E: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE=1 E: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE_SCHEME=mbr E: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE_COUNT=1 E: DEVLINKS=/dev/block/8:16 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-Lexar_USB_Flash_Drive_AA5OCYQII8PSQXBB-0:0 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:03.0-usb-0:1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 and my software is: Codice: Seleziona tutto #include <stdio.h> #include <libudev.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <locale.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(void) { struct udev_enumerate *enumerate; struct udev_list_entry *devices, *dev_list_entry; struct udev_device *dev; /* Create the udev object */ struct udev *udev = udev_new(); if (!udev) { printf("Can't create udev\n"); exit(0); } enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(udev); udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "scsi_generic"); udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate); devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate); udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) { const char *path; /* Get the filename of the /sys entry for the device and create a udev_device object (dev) representing it */ path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry); dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path); /* usb_device_get_devnode() returns the path to the device node itself in /dev. */ printf("Device Node Path: %s\n", udev_device_get_devnode(dev)); /* The device pointed to by dev contains information about the hidraw device. In order to get information about the USB device, get the parent device with the subsystem/devtype pair of "usb"/"usb_device". This will be several levels up the tree, but the function will find it.*/ dev = udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype( dev, "block", "disk"); if (!dev) { printf("Errore\n"); exit(1); } /* From here, we can call get_sysattr_value() for each file in the device's /sys entry. The strings passed into these functions (idProduct, idVendor, serial, etc.) correspond directly to the files in the directory which represents the USB device. Note that USB strings are Unicode, UCS2 encoded, but the strings returned from udev_device_get_sysattr_value() are UTF-8 encoded. */ printf(" VID/PID: %s %s\n", udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev,"idVendor"), udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "idProduct")); printf(" %s\n %s\n", udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev,"manufacturer"), udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev,"product")); printf(" serial: %s\n", udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "serial")); udev_device_unref(dev); } /* Free the enumerator object */ udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate); udev_unref(udev); return 0; } the problem is that i obtain in output: Device Node Path: /dev/sg0 Errore and dont view information. subsystem and the devtype i think that are inserted well : "block" and "disk". thanks for help. Bye

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  • Failed Software RAID0 on Linux - Attempting to recover data

    - by Gizmo_the_Great
    I have a two disk RAID0 software raid (not hardware raid) that is reported to have failed during boot and my OS won't start. Using a Live CD, I get the following output : sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 1465145328 (698.64 GiB 750.15 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : ad427cd2:9f885f57:7f41015f:90f8f6af Update Time : Sun Jun 8 12:35:11 2014 Checksum : a37407ff - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) /dev/sdd1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 976771056 (465.76 GiB 500.11 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : 2ea0199d:cb08d9e7:0830448a:a1e1e348 Update Time : Sun Jun 8 13:06:19 2014 Checksum : 8883c492 - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) GParted lists both disks, detects the flags as 'Raid' and lists the data usage. Can anyone please help me re-assemble just so that I can copy some of the data off that I have not backed up recently? Thanks

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  • Google Chrome on Linux not using ALSA for sound

    - by DarkMoon
    On my laptop, I've got an .asoundrc file that outputs sound to my USB headset. This works fine for SMplayer and Firefox. However, Google Chrome (at least, Flash-based and HTML5-based videos and HTML5-based audio in Chrome) plays through the laptop speakers instead. I've tried running Chrome from a command-line, hoping there would be some helpful output, but no such luck. I've tried looking through Google for whether Chrome even uses ALSA, or if it uses something else, but I have been unsuccessful in this. This question seems to be the same issue, but no suggestion was made. Anyone have any ideas? I'm running Gentoo with a 3.10.17 kernel, 1.0.27 ALSA utils, 2.6.5 FVWM, and 36.0.1985.143 Chrome. If you need more info, please let me know. EDIT: I've configured the USB headset as the default ALSA device. Volume levels for both headset and onboard are set and un-muted using alsamixer. My .asoundrc file is as follows. ctl.!default { type hw card Headset } pcm.dmixer { type dmix ipc_key 1024 slave { pcm { type hw card Headset } period_size 1024 buffer_size 4096 } bindings { 0 0 1 1 } } pcm.!default { type plug slave.pcm dmixer }

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  • How to wipe free disk space in Linux?

    - by Alex B
    When a file is deleted, its contents may still be left in the filesystem, unless explicitly overwritten with something else. "wipe" can securely erase files, but does not seem to allow erasing free disk space not used by any files. What should I use to achieve this?

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  • Drop caches in Linux

    - by BerserkEVA
    I have an embedded Geode-based application server with 512MB RAM and I'm about to try to maximize free memory during applications workload, which uses MySQL database 5.5 with InnoDB quite aggressively. As part of the whole optimization I'd want to introduce echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches sleep 5 echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches in crontab. How often is it safe to execute something like this? Any other observation/suggestion is welcome.

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  • Increase Volume of an MKV Video from Linux Terminal

    - by The How-To Geek
    I've got a large amount of .MKV video files which seem to all play at a very low volume - I end up having to turn the TV up all the way to hear them, which is really irritating when I switch to another channel and wake the dead because it's so loud. What I'm looking for is a command-line method to increase the volume (so I can run it on all of them quickly) that would hopefully work regardless of the audio codec in use in the particular file. (I don't mind hard-coding the output audio though). For reference, I'm using Ubuntu 9.04 on my server, and the files are being played back with Boxee on a Mac Mini, but the volume problem is the same on Windows too.

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  • Memory Usage in LINUX

    - by Incredible
    I have a debian system. It has 8GB memory. When I do top it shows 7.9 GB memory used and rest free. I add up the memory usage of all the programs running from top and they hardly sum up to around 50 MB. So, where is rest of the memory being used? Can I have a better detailed info of the memory usage? What is a better way to check the memory usage?

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  • Man pages in Linux

    - by Ayos
    I don't seem to have all the man pages that I need. For example, my college computers (running Fedora 14) have man pages for ASCII, all the standard C libraries (stdlib.h, stdio.h) and so on and so forth. I wish to "install" these pages, after looking up on the Internet I couldn't really find anything that made sense. How can I get, say, the man-page of ASCII (I know it's not really a command or a daemon or anything like that, but typing man ASCII on the college computer gets me a page with the ASCII value table + a little more information). I don't want to keep using the Internet for looking up man pages every time I need to look up a function, function prototype or the ASCII table or something like that.

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  • How to connect to VPN using commands in Linux (Fedora 16)

    - by WarFox
    Usually, I use the network connections icon on the top bar to connect to VPN. The connection is configured properly and it connects well. Configuration screen shot is given below. As you can see I have selected the 'Connect automatically' option. But this option doesn't help in connecting to VPN automatically upon login. This is my university VPN and it uses 'Point-to-Point encryption (MPPE)' for authentication I need to connect to the VPN using command line, so that I can write a script and run it at start up, so the connection is automatically established every time I login. This will also help in connecting to VPN when I login from 'init 3' mode. I depend on this VPN connection for my internet access. Please help me with the required commands.

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  • source command in Linux

    - by Rodnower
    My question is: why if I run some file with name aliases for example with content such as: alias lsa="ls -a" directly: $ ./aliases it don't create the alias (may be only in script context). But if I run it with command "source": $ source aliases it do the work? I mean after execution the alias "lsa" existing in context of command shell? "man source" give: "No manual entry for source", and in google I just found that it runs Tcl, but why Tcl influence shell context and bush not?

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  • Remote edit with local editor (Linux)

    - by Eisaj
    Hello, I have a server I can ssh into, and I am also running Ubuntu. How do I edit this remote file using any program I have installed on my local Ubuntu, without copying it to local, editing it, and copying it back? Thanks!

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  • Linux, PHP, and mysqlnd?

    - by bob-the-destroyer
    Looks like most common distros build their PHP packages without mysqlnd, instead relying on the old libmysql library. Are there any distros that do include the new mysql native driver even as an option in any of their officially supported repositories? If not, is it possible (and if so, how) to rebuild these three (mysql, mysqli, & pdo_mysql) extensions without having to rebuild the entire PHP install? In my case, there are several PHP functions I need that are available only if these Mysql extenstions are built against mysqlnd. So I'd be fine installing a new OS to get these if the OS offers and supports it.

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