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• mdadm starts resync on every boot

  - by Anteru

  Since a few days (and I'm positive it started shortly before I updated my server from 13.04-13.10) my mdadm is resyncing on every boot. In the syslog, I get the following output [ 0.809256] md: linear personality registered for level -1 [ 0.811412] md: multipath personality registered for level -4 [ 0.813153] md: raid0 personality registered for level 0 [ 0.815201] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 [ 1.101517] md: raid6 personality registered for level 6 [ 1.101520] md: raid5 personality registered for level 5 [ 1.101522] md: raid4 personality registered for level 4 [ 1.106825] md: raid10 personality registered for level 10 [ 1.935882] md: bind<sdc1> [ 1.943367] md: bind<sdb1> [ 1.945199] md/raid1:md0: not clean -- starting background reconstruction [ 1.945204] md/raid1:md0: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors [ 1.945225] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2000396680192 [ 1.945351] md: resync of RAID array md0 [ 1.945357] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. [ 1.945359] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync. [ 1.945362] md: using 128k window, over a total of 1953512383k. [ 2.220468] md0: unknown partition table I'm not sure what's up with that detected capacity change, looking at some old logs, this does have appeared earlier as well without a resync right afterwards. In fact, I let it run yesterday until completion and rebooted, and then it wouldn't resync, but today it does resync again. For instance, yesterday I got: [ 1.872123] md: bind<sdc1> [ 1.950946] md: bind<sdb1> [ 1.952782] md/raid1:md0: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors [ 1.952807] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2000396680192 [ 1.954598] md0: unknown partition table So it seems to be a problem that the RAID array does not get marked as clean after every shutdown? How can I troubleshoot this? The disks themselves are both fine, SMART tells me no errors, everything ok.

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• SQL Saturday Atlanta: Intro To Performance Tuning

  - by Mike Femenella

  I'm looking forward to speaking in Atlanta on the 24th, will be fun to get back down that way to visit with some friends and present two topics that I really enjoy. First, an introduction to performance tuning. Performance tuning is a very wide and deep topic and we're staying close to the surface. I direct this class for newbie sql users who have less than 2 years of experience. It's all the things I wish someone would have told me in my first 2 years about what to look for when the database was slow...or allegedly slow I should say. We'll cover using profiler to find slow performing queries and how to save the data off to a table as well as a tour of other features. The difference between clustered, non clustered and covering indexes. How to look at and understand an execution plan (at a high level) and finally the difference between a temp table and a table variable and what the implications are of using either one in your code. That pretty much takes up a full hour. Second presentation, Loading Data in Real Time. It's really a presentation about partitioning but with a twist that we used at work recently to solve a need to load some data quickly and put it into production with minimal downtime. We'll cover partition functions, schemes,$partition, merge, sys.partitions and show some examples of building a set of partitioned tables and using the switch statement to move it from one table to another. Finally we'll cover the differences in partitioning between 2005 and 2008. Hope to see you there! And if you read my blog please introduce yourself!

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• GParted in UBUNTU shows entire disk as UNALLOCATED SPACE

  - by msPeachy

  Good day to everyone. I hope someone can help me with my problem. I have a dual boot Windows and Ubuntu system. I recently encountered an hd0 out of disk error and wasn't able to boot Ubuntu. So I booted into Windows, after 2 to 3 times of booting and rebooting Windows, I tried booting Ubuntu but still I get the hd0 out of disk error. I decided to run Ubuntu from LIVEUSB to try to fix my Ubuntu partition using GParted, but when I run GParted, it shows my entire disk as UNALLOCATED SPACE! The strange thing is that Nautilus still shows and mounts my partitions. Also every time I boot into Windows , my partitions exists and I am able to read and write to them. I have no idea what is wrong. Please help! I can't stand using Windows since most of the tools I use are in Ubuntu. I don't mind reinstalling Ubuntu. In fact I already tried reinstalling using the LIVEUSB but I wasn't able to, since GParted or the Ubuntu installer itself does not recognized my partitions and shows the entire disk as unallocated space. I am currently running Ubuntu from LIVEUSB. Here's the outpuf of sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb30ab30a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 104869887 52433920 83 Linux /dev/sda2 104869888 105074687 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 105074688 156149759 25537536 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 156151800 625153409 234500805 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 156151808 169156591 6502392 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 169158656 294991871 62916608 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 294993920 471037944 88022012+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda8 471041928 625121152 77039612+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT When I run, sudo parted -l, I got this error message: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk!

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• SMART Status Data Interpretation - Disk Utility

  - by Mah

  Last week my external harddisk (Seagate Barracuda 1.5TB in a custom enclosure) showed signs of failure (Disk Utility SMART Pre-failure status - several bad sectors) and I decided to change it. I bought a new HDD (Seagate Barracuda 2TB) and connected it to my Ubuntu box with a SATA to USB cable that could not report SMART status. I copied all the contents of the old HDD to the new HDD (one partition with rsync, the other with parted cp) and then gently replaced the old HDD with the new one inside my aluminum enclosure. For obscure reasons after reconnecting the new HDD through the old enclosure, the Linux box could not detect my partitions. I recovered the partitions with testdisk and restarted the computer. After the restart I checked the SMART status of the new HDD an I get this: Read Error Rate --------------- Normalized 108 Worst 99 Threshold 6 Value 16737944 I got a high value on the Seek Error Rate as well. Wondering why this happens I copied 2 GB directory from one partition to the other and rechecked the SMART status (5 minutes later). This time I got the following: Read Error Rate --------------- Normalized 109 Worst 99 Threshold 6 Value 24792504 As you see there has been an increase in the error rate. I am unable to interpret these numbers. Is my new hard disk already dying? What are the acceptable values in these fields for Seagate hard disks? Then why the assessment is still good? While I could get temperature and airflow temperature data from my old HDD, I can not fetch them for the new one. I noticed that my old hdd had got really hot sometimes. Is it possible that the enclosure is killing the harddisks due to high temperature?... Thanks

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• How to design highly scalable web services in Java?

  - by Kshitiz Sharma

  I am creating some Web Services that would have 2000 concurrent users. The services are offered for free and are hence expected to get a large user base. In the future it may be required to scale up to 50,000 users. There are already a few other questions that address the issue like - Building highly scalable web services However my requirements differ from the question above. For example - My application does not have a user interface, so images, CSS, javascript are not an issue. It is in Java so suggestions like using HipHop to translate PHP to native code are useless. Hence I decided to ask my question separately. This is my project setup - Rest based Web services using Apache CXF Hibernate 3.0 (With relevant optimizations like lazy loading and custom HQL for tune up) Tomcat 6.0 MySql 5.5 My questions are - Are there alternatives to Mysql that offer better performance for what I'm trying to do? What are some general things to abide by in order to scale a Java based web application? I am thinking of putting my Application in two tomcat instances with httpd redirecting the request to appropriate tomcat on basis of load. Is this the right approach? Separate tomcat instances can help but then database becomes the bottleneck since both applications access the same database? I am a programmer not a Db Admin, how difficult would it be to cluster a Mysql database (or, to cluster whatever database offered as an alternative to 1)? How effective are caching solutions like EHCache? Any other general best practices? Some clarifications - Could you partition the data? Yes we could but we're trying to avoid it. We need to run a lot of data mining algorithms and the design would evolve over time so we can't be sure what lines of partition should be there.

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• Windows 7 disappeared in list of Grub while loading

  - by Riyad A.

  Installed Ubuntu 12.04 alongside the Windows 7 two weeks ago. Initially haven't any issues with that. day ago installed updates on Ubuntu and after restarting the system found the absence of Win7 in Grub list. Before the HDD has been partitioned on two volumes Disk C and Work Disk(don't remember the name). When doing the fdisk -l: Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa93031e0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 408833842 204415897+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 488386560 976773119 244193280 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 408834046 488386559 39776257 5 Extended Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 408834048 484421631 37793792 83 Linux /dev/sda6 484423680 488386559 1981440 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 49 heads, 48 sectors/track, 3292 cylinders, total 7744512 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 7744511 3868160 b W95 FAT32 When sudo mount /dev/sda ~/1 -o offset [488386560*512] - opens and mounts WORK disk. Need help: how to See and mount disk C. how to see and adjust the Grub to appear both systems in Grub menu when loading?

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• How to fix boot and mount failed drops to initramfs prompt in Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by msPeachy

  Ubuntu partition does not boot. This started after a power interruption during system boot. The next time I boot, I encountered the following error message: mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f7f5cd9d-6ea3-4da7-b5ec-**** on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target file system doesn't have /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) _ I've searched for similar posts here and most of the recommended solution is to reboot to the Ubuntu LiveCD. That's another problem because I cannot boot to a LIVEUSB, this is the error message I get when booting to a LiveUSB: Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) mount: mounting /dev/sda2 on /isodevice failed: Invalid argument Could not find the ISO /ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso. This could also happen if the file system is not clean because of an operating system crash, an interrupted boot process, an improper shutdown, or unplugging of a removable device without first unmounting or ejecting it. To fix this, simply reboot into Windows, let it fully start, log in, run 'chkdsk /r', then gracefully shut down and reboot back into Windows. After this you should be able to reboot again and resume the installation. I cannot boot into Windows because I don't have a Windows partition. Do I have to install Windows to fix this problem? Is there a way to fix this in the (initramfs) prompt? Please help. Thank you!

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• How to recover bad encripted directory

  - by Fato Alessandro

  I had a problem while formatting Ubuntu. I tried to reinstall without formatting the home directory and with the same username. The home directory of the new installation was set to be encrypted. Then the installation went wrong because of the cd. So it really never started (stopped at coping stage). How ever Ubuntu did encrypted the home directory but probably the procedure went wrong. By now I installed Ubuntu in another partition, tried to mount with encrypted-recovery but the mounted directory in tmp wasn't the directory I had before. There were just strange directories with coded name. Strange fact is that the file system is not damaged: it continues to know how much data is actually stored in it. If I look with gparted or even nautilus I see 45 Gb of data present on the partition. This let me think that my data are not erased but maybe hidden. Moreover when I tried to mount the encrypted home directory with encrypted-recovery-personal it asked me the encryption secret. I insert nothing, just pressed enter, and the password was accepted. Is thre a method for removing my data? Maybe trying to rencrypt the directory? How could I get back to the previous documents. Thanks to everyone

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• How to create or recover Windows Bootloader after deleting Ubuntu boot drive

  - by Kincaid

  I have a computer that dual-boots (or tri-boots) Windows 8 Release Preview, Windows 7, and Ubuntu 12.04. Grub boots between Windows 8 and Ubuntu; for which I use primarily. Recently, I decided to remove Ubuntu, as I hardly used it. I deleted the Ubuntu partition accidentally before replacing the Grub bootloader. Now, whenever I want to boot the machine, it gives me the "grub-rescue" prompt -- I am unable to boot into either Windows (8 nor 7), nor Ubuntu (except via USB, of course). I do not have any Windows 7/8 recovery media, so that isn't an option. Please note that after I deleted the Ubuntu partition, I put the PC into hibernate, and then turned it on. This means the C:\ [Windows 8] drive cannot be mounted. I don't know if that is bad, but it definitely doesn't make things better. I am currently booting Ubuntu via USB, in an effort to restore the Windows bootloader. I have looked into using boot-repair to solve the problem using the instructions here, although after attempting to apply the changes, it gave the error: "Please install the [mbr] packages. Then try again." I don't know why I'm getting this error; is there a way to install the 'mbr packages?' I honestly don't know what exactly they are, nor how to install them. Are there any other options I have not yet exhausted to be able to boot back into Windows, in the case that there is a better way? I want to set the bootloader to boot into Windows 8, but booting into either Windows 7 or 8 is fine (I can use EasyBCD from there). Is there a simple solution to this? I've checked BIOS, and I haven't been able to find a way to boot into Windows.

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• cannot mount root filesystem on 10.04

  - by howaryoo

  I tried to apply the recommendation of question: Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) After running that command: sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev I get this error message: mount: mount point /mnt/dev does not exist fdisk -l returns /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 do I need to mount sda2 and sda5? Edited after @psusi's comment: /dev/sda1 is the boot file system It seems that I need to mount sda2 or sda5. Here is what I tried: (I tried this on a virtual machine so the sda(s) are now vda(s) ) ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 19.3 GB, 19327352832 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 37449 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0008eece Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 3 496 248832 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/vda2 498 37448 18622465 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/vda5 498 37448 18622464 8e Linux LVM ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/vda5 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/vda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext2 /dev/vda5 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/vda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ Any info that can help me rescue that server would be greatly appreciated!

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• Unable to boot Windows after installing Ubuntu 12.04 - error: invalid efi file path

  - by user113350

  I have a Laptop (ASUS X310A, I installed Ubuntu 12.04 to be side by side with Windows 7 but I seem to have gotten a problem with booting Windows 7. I used the Boot Repair twice with no results. Boot-Repair info: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1417623/ The error I get when starting Windows 7 from GRUB is: error: invalid efi file path In Boot Manager or Menu, I have 3 options now: 2x for Ubuntu (maybe cause I did boot-repair twice) 1x Windows boot manager (If I boot this it opens "ASUS Preload Wizard", it gives me the option to re-install windows losing all previous data -) When I was making the partition before installing Ubuntu, I made the new partition by making sda4 smaller and adding ext4 mounted: "\" and adding a swap area. Installed it and it didn't work, nothing worked. So i booted Ubuntu from the USB again and deleted the partitions I made and decided to make sda3 smaller and making the partitions but this time it gave me the option that I could mount sda3 on "\windows" or "\dos" I ignored it and didn't choose neither because the I know that it doesn't need to be mounted and proceeded to create what is now sda7 (ext4) and sda8 (swap area). It still didn't work so I booted from USB and did the first boot-repair, so I was able to boot Ubuntu now but not windows, but when I did it through my USB I was not able to update boot-repair, so i decided to redo the boot-repair from Ubuntu running on the Hardisk (fully updated) and it still didn't work. In GRUB this is what i see (when booting using Ubuntu as first option in Boot Menu): Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-29-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-29-generic (recovery mode) Windows UEFI loader Windows Boot UEFI bootx64.efi.bkp Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda3) Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda5) I tried all the ones starting with "Windows" they all don't work Please help, Many Thanks

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• Stuck With grub rescue> console

  - by rej santos

  Here is the background of my issue: I just recently installed the latest version of Ubuntu along side with Windows 8 Enterprise. However upon checking the disk size, it seems that some of the portions of the hd memory were gone so I decided to check the disk partition and have seen that is was being used by another file system. Thinking that the Ubuntu takes it boots stuff from my drive C: , I deleted that partition and formated so I can use it to store some movies, music etc. Now, as I switch on my machine, I am stucked with: error: unknown filesystem grub rescue> I googled a lot and saw the following command which seems no to me like sudo, chainloader etc, all of these command only returns unknown command in the console. What I just wanted is to boot from my Windows 8 OS. Just to add, I can't open the BIOS menu so I could choose what media to boot. As I open my machine it automatically takes me to grub rescue console. Here are the thing I already have: Ubuntu Installation Disk Windows 8 System repair Disk I just don't know how to boot into these things. Let me know what to do.

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• OLL Live webcast - Using SQL for Pattern Matching in Oracle Database

  - by KLaker

  If you are interested in learning about our exciting new 12c SQL pattern matching feature then mark your diaries. On Wednesday, October 30th at 8:00 am (US/Pacific time zone) Supriya Ananth, who is one of our top curriculum developers at Oracle, will be hosting an OLL webcast on our new SQL pattern matching feature. The ability to recognize patterns in a sequence of rows has been a capability that was widely desired, but not possible with SQL until now. Row pattern matching in native SQL improves application and development productivity and query efficiency for row-sequence analysis. With Oracle Database 12c you can use the new MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause to perform pattern matching in SQL to do the following: Logically partition and order the data using the PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses Use regular expressions syntax to define patterns of rows to seek using the PATTERN clause. These patterns a powerful and expressive feature, applied to the pattern variables you define. Specify the logical conditions required to map a row to a row pattern variable in the DEFINE clause. Define measures, which are expressions usable in the MEASURES clause of the SQL query. For more information and to register for this exciting webcast please visit the OLL Live website, see here: https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:145:116820049307135::::P145_EVENT_ID,P145_PREV_PAGE:461,143.  Please note - if the above link does not work then go to OLL (https://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:1:) and click the OLL Live icon (upper right, beneath the Login link or logout link if you are already logged in). The pattern matching webcast is listed on the calendar of events on 30 October.

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• Am I misunderstanding chown and chmod?

  - by isomorphismes

  I want to either extend the size of my guest partition or figure out how to copy stuff from the guest partition to my normal /home directory. (Because of some other problems I can only run Xorg as guest, but I can log into virtual console as myself or root.) Here's the motivation: I want to torrent a large file. It's larger than my guest filesystem. But I have plenty of space on my real drive, I just can't log into it graphically. So I tried to set up a "pipe" to get the file out of the tmpfs. I did: su -u myself #catch mkdir ~/receiver_dir sudo su cd /tmp/guest-lkj567UIO/ #throw ln -s mario_pipe /home/myself/receiver_dir chown -R guest-lkj567UIO /home/myself/receiver_dir chown -R guest-lkj567UIO /tmp/guest-lkj567UIO/mario_pipe chmod -R a+rw /home/myself/receiver_dir chmod -R a+rw /tmp/guest-lkj567UIO/mario_pipe su -u guest-lkj567UIO cd /tmp/guest-lkj567UIO cd mario_pipe touch something #success! However, when I try to torrent to /tmp/guest-lkj567UIO/mario_pipe, Transmission says I don't have write permissions. But it looks like I just wrote there? And that everybody (a+rw) can write there in fact? Maybe this indicates I don't actually understand chown and chmod but nothing from their man pages pops out.

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• Sharing swap space between Windows and Ubuntu

  - by Leftium

  This Linux Swap Space Mini-HOWTO describes how to share swap space between Windows and Linux. Do these instructions still apply to Ubuntu in 2011? How should I modify the steps for Ubuntu? Is there a better approach to sharing swap space? Based on the HOWTO, it seems best to create a dedicated NTFS swap partition: Dedicated so the swap file will be contiguous and remain unfragmented. NTFS so both Windows and Ubuntu can read/write to it. (Or is FAT32 better for this purpose?) Then, configure Ubuntu to prepare the swap space for use by Linux on start up; by Windows on shut down. I want to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 on my X301 laptop. However, my laptop only has a 64 GB SDD, so I would like to conserve as much disk space as possible. update: There is an alternate method using a special driver for Windows that let you use a Linux swap partition for temporary storage like a RAM-disk, but it doesn't seem to be as good...

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• OOW content for Pattern Matching....

  - by KLaker

  If you missed my sessions at OpenWorld then don't worry - all the content we used for pattern matching (presentation and hands-on lab) is now available for download. My presentation "SQL: The Best Development Language for Big Data?" is available for download from the OOW Content Catalog, see here: https://oracleus.activeevents.com/2013/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=9101 For the hands-on lab ("Pattern Matching at the Speed of Thought with Oracle Database 12c") we used the Oracle-By-Example content. The OOW hands-on lab uses Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) and uses the MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause to perform some basic pattern matching examples in SQL. This lab is broken down into four main steps: Logically partition and order the data that is used in the MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause with its PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses. Define patterns of rows to seek using the PATTERN clause of the MATCH_RECOGNIZE clause. These patterns use regular expressions syntax, a powerful and expressive feature, applied to the pattern variables you define. Specify the logical conditions required to map a row to a row pattern variable in the DEFINE clause. Define measures, which are expressions usable in the MEASURES clause of the SQL query. You can download the setup files to build the ticker schema and the student notes from the Oracle Learning Library. The direct link to the example on using pattern matching is here: http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:24:0::NO:24:P24_CONTENT_ID,P24_PREV_PAGE:6781,2.

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• Fresh install of Ubuntu 12.10 won't boot on Asus X101CH Eee PC

  - by Najdmie

  I did a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.10 in my Asus X101CH Eee PC, using a live usb which I made using startup disk creator, replacing Ubuntu 12.04. The installation ran smoothly, but when I boot, it goes to a purple screen for a second, then a lot of text like the following shows up in sequence: Starting crash report submission daemon [OK] Starting CPU interrupts balancing daemon [OK] Stopping save kernel messages [OK] _ And the cursor just keeps blinking for hours. I can't log in. Pressing Alt + F2 did not bring me to console mode. I thought it might be a partition problem so I formatted the whole disk, by creating a new partition table using gparted in Ubuntu 12.04 live USB. I noticed that I can't try Ubuntu using 12.10 live USB either; it just went to a blank screen when I hit the 'try ubuntu' button. But the same problem arose. I even changed the pen drive for the live USB a couple of times. I happened to know that the Intel Atom N2600 Cedar Trail CPU in my computer is not well supported in Linux, I managed to install its drivers in Ubuntu 12.04, although the computer went blank during the installation.

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• LUKS no longer accepts my my passphrase

  - by Two Spirit

  I created a 4 drive RAID5 setup using mdadm and upgrading from 2TB drives to the new Hitachi 7200RPM 4TB drives. I can initially open my luks partition, but later can no longer access it. I can no longer access my LUKS partition even tho I have the right passphrases. It was working and then at an unknown point in time loose access to LUKS. I've used the same procedures for upgrading from 500G to 1TB to 1.5TB to 2TB. After the first time this happened a week ago, I thought maybe there was some corruption so I added a 2nd Key as a backup. After the second time the LUKS became unaccessible, none of the keys worked. I put LUKS on it using cryptsetup -c aes -s 256 -y luksFormat /dev/md0 # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md0 md0_crypt Enter LUKS passphrase: Enter LUKS passphrase: Enter LUKS passphrase: Command failed: No key available with this passphrase. The first time this happened while I was upgrading to 4TB drives, I thought it was a fluke, and ultimately had to recover from backups. I went an used luksAddKey to add a 2nd key as a backup. It happened again and I tried both passphrases, and neither worked. The only thing I'm doing differently this time around is that I've upgraded to 4TB drives which use GPT instead of fdisk. The last time I had to even reboot the box was over 2 years ago. I'm using ubuntu-8.04-server with kernel 2.6.24-29 and upgraded to -2.6.24-31, but that didn't fix the problem.

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• How do I get back hard drive space after I have uninstalled Ubuntu from Windows?

  - by Shantanu

  I installed Ubuntu on windows like it says to do it on Ubuntu's website as an application. I did not want it to create a separate partition on my hard drive. A few days ago, I uninstalled Ubuntu by going into the Windows control panel and hitting uninstall. As you would expect, I would get back my 100 or so gb on the disc. i never really installed anything of importance on ubuntu so i never had a second thought about uninstalling it. But I never got back my 100gb from Ubuntu. Now when I add up all of the folders on my c drive, they total to the amount I had on windows before I uninstalled Ubuntu but when I look at the My Computer screen, it says that another 100 or so gb is missing. I tried defragmenting the disc, downloading various disc managers but nothing fixed the space problem. Can anyone please help me with this!!??? Any help is much appreciated! Just making sure: UBUNTU WAS NOT ON A SEPARATE PARTITION, IT WAS INSTALLED AS AN APPLICATION ON WINDOWS. It tells yuo how to do this here except i did it with a much older version (i think it was 8.04 or soemthing): http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/install-ubuntu-with-windows

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• How to view/mount other partitions on your hard drive

  - by Preston Zacharias

  Recently I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 Beta 2 on a USB flash drive and decided to install it on an old external HDD which I have taken out of the casing and succesfully mounted in my desktop computer. There is no other operating system besides the newly install Ubuntu. However, there is about 500gb of data on the drive. This is why i used a partitioning software on my windows 7 netbook to partition the hard drive to set aside 1tb for files, 350gb of space for linux and the remaining 650gb for Vista which i plan on installing soon. But this is where the problem sets in...when installing Ubuntu it does not recognize that the drive is partitioned at all, it's just one big open block of space...so I used the installers built in partitioning feature to set aside 300gb for main Ubuntu install and 50gb for swap space. I set both of these partitions to be created at the "end" so that it wouldn't delete or write over my data. And this is where i am really lost; when booting into Ubuntu i am able to use it perfectly fine, got on internet, etc...but i have NO CLUE as to how i can view files that were previously on the drive (all of my data that i had prior to install). How can I mount/be able to view the other partition so that i can have access to my data? Thank you ahead of time! I REALLY appreciate any help or advice! ~Preston

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• Resize a pendrive Linux?

  - by user11239

  I'm running Ubuntu from USB media, which has a drive capacity of 250 GB, all existing as one FAT32 partition. However, when I created the bootable Ubuntu drive, only 4.79 GB were allocated for usage. Rather than put files directly into the /cdrom where the drive is mounted, I want to expand what is listed here in aufs to be at least 200 GB. I'm hopeful that I can do this live. Output of df : Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on aufs 4051904 4050108 0 100% / none 1542852 284 1542568 1% /dev /dev/sdb1 244076800 4901648 239175152 3% /cdrom /dev/loop0 688000 688000 0 100% /rofs none 1547840 1496 1546344 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 1547840 4828 1543012 1% /tmp none 1547840 80 1547760 1% /var/run none 1547840 0 1547840 0% /var/lock none 1547840 0 1547840 0% /lib/init/rw Output of fdisk -l : Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00083fe4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 30401 244196001 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) So basically what I want to do is get /dev/sdb1 to be entirely, or almost entirely read as aufs. I'm confused over how to do this, as the file systems are all part of /dev/sdb1 on one big partition, rather than separate partitions for separate file systems.

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• How to fix "Disk drive for /boot/efi is not ready or not present"?

  - by N.N.

  After I updated BIOS/UEFI version to 1101 on an Asus P8Z68-V PRO motherboard Ubuntu (11.10) did not boot. After POST all I saw was a black screen with a blinking cursor in the top left corner. I booted an Ubuntu 11.10 live-CD and set the flag for the 20 MB partition before my boot partition to "bios_grub". Then I was able to boot and login. But now every time I boot and Ubuntu loads I get the following message: Disk drive for /boot/efi is not ready or not present. Continue waiting or press s to skip or m for manual recovery. I am able to login if I choose to ignore it by pressing s, but what does this message mean? How can I fix what the message warns about? After logging in I have noticed that /boot/efi is empty. The following forum post speaks of the same issue ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1893030. Updating to the latest BIOS/UEFI - version 3203, did not have any effect on this issue.

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• grub workaround for cannot find UUID in dual boot system fails and now grub won't boot anything

  - by keepitsimpleengineer

  New clean install of x86 11.10 desktop. Dual boot with windows XP and Linux on separate drives. After install grub will not boot Windows, but by changing boot drive boots fine. When I go to fix this I find from http://bootinfoscript.sourceforge.net/ and a link to http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/bootinfoscript/index.php?title=Boot_Problems:search my problem, the message on the grub boot error screen: error: no such device: 6??????? So I follow the Step2 and compare the output of: sudo blkid and sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg The UUIDs in both match for the Windows drive, so I do the fix in Step 4 "remove the search lines for …" in /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib, commenting out the three lines as before? # if fs_uuid="`${grub_probe} --device ${device} --target=fs_uuid 2> /dev/null`" ; then # echo "search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set ${fs_uuid}" # fi I run sudo update-grub and check /etc/default/grub.cfg and see that it now identifies the Windows partition not by UUID, which I suppose is the workaround. But now when I try to boot 11.10 Desktop, I get: error: no such partition… … and when I try to boot Windows, I get: error: invalid signature. So Now, how do I fix this… The boot problem and find a workaround that works?

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• How do I give Ubuntu 10.10 more space (when installed inside Windows 7 (via wubi))?

  - by Pavitar

  I had installed Ubuntu inside Windows XP but then I formatted XP and installed Windows 7. EDIT1: I used Wubi for the same. I want to know which one of the two will solve my problem? creating a virtual disk or resizing root? Also is resizing root possible as the 4GB ext4 partition is already in a NTFS format Hard Drive partition. At the time of installation I had allocated only 4GB of space to Ubuntu. I want to increase that size as I keep getting a low disk space notification. I have surfed through a lot of similar questions but this is not a duplicate. Because I want to know a little about the file systems. In order to solve my problem,do I have to increase the size of root.disk? Or will it be solved by creating a virtual disk? Also I want to know the difference between creating a virtual disk and just increasing disk space of root.I'm new to Ubuntu so I don't know how the file systems function. EDIT2:I have created a virtual disk of 10gb ,but I'm still getting the same notification.Is there anyway to install all further applications on the virtual disk I created?

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• Ubuntu doesn't load, can't even open a terminal to type commands, even after boot repair

  - by Sky

  When I start Ubuntu I only get my desktop picture and am unable to open a terminal to type any commands. When I try a Guest session all I get is a red Ubuntu backdrop, nothing else. I tried boot repair but no improvement. Summary information following boot repair: http://paste.ubuntu.com/8109809/ I can paste some of it here if someone can tell me which part of it is relevant. This all occurred after I tried to remove compizconfig (which I might not have completed), because it's been using up my CPU (running at 50-60% with compiz at the top in System monitor. My laptop has been running very slow since installing Ubuntu so I've been trying to fix that, also website videos play slow and the startup of Ubuntu has been faulty. I also installed a proprietory Nvidia driver (304) before this launcher issue occurred, in an effort to fix my video problem (didn't help anything). Laptop is Dell 620m with Intel Core 2; 1.83GHz, 2 GB RAM, Ubuntu 14.04 (new to Linux); 66GB Ubuntu partition. Everything works fine on the small XP partition of my laptop, but I've moved all my files to the larger Ubuntu portion. I wanted to try some answers I found to similar questions but they all seem to involve commands in a terminal and I can't open a terminal. How can I get the launcher back, along with access to my programmes etc? Thank you for any help.

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