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  • 2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

    - by Columbo
    I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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  • How does a segment based rendering engine work?

    - by Calmarius
    As far as I know Descent was one of the first games that featured a fully 3D environment, and it used a segment based rendering engine. Its levels are built from cubic segments (these cubes may be deformed as long as it remains convex and sides remain roughly flat). These cubes are connected by their sides. The connected sides are traversable (maybe doors or grids can be placed on these sides), while the unconnected sides are not traversable walls. So the game is played inside of this complex. Descent was software rendered and it had to be very fast, to be playable on those 10-100MHz processors of that age. Some latter levels of the game are huge and contain thousands of segments, but these levels are still rendered reasonably fast. So I think they tried to minimize the amount of cubes rendered somehow. How to choose which cubes to render for a given location? As far as I know they used a kind of portal rendering, but I couldn't find what was the technique used in this particular kind of engine. I think the fact that the levels are built from convex quadrilateral hexahedrons can be exploited.

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  • Keeping Aspect Screen Ration While Stays in Center

    - by David Dimalanta
    I sqw and I tried this suggestion on PISTACHIO BRAINSTORMIN* on how to make a good and adaptive screen ration. For every different screen size, let's say I put the perfect circle as a Texture in LibGDX and played it on screen. Here's the blueberry image example and it's perfectly rounded: When I played it on the Google Nexus 7, the circle turn into a slightly oblonng shape, resembling as it was being flatten a bit. Please observe this snapshot below and you can see the blueberry is almost but slightly not perfectly rounded: Now, when I tried the suggested code for aspect ratio, the perfect circle retained but another problem is occured. The problem is that I expecting for a view on center but instead it's been moved to the right offset leaving with a half black screen. This would be look like this: Here is my code using the suggested screen aspect ratio code: Class' Field // Ingredients Needed for Screen Aspect Ratio private static final int VIRTUAL_WIDTH = 720; private static final int VIRTUAL_HEIGHT = 1280; private static final float ASPECT_RATIO = ((float) VIRTUAL_WIDTH)/((float) VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); private Camera Mother_Camera; private Rectangle Viewport; render() // Camera updating... Mother_Camera.update(); Mother_Camera.apply(Gdx.gl10); // Reseting viewport... Gdx.gl.glViewport((int) Viewport.x, (int) Viewport.y, (int) Viewport.width, (int) Viewport.height); // Clear previous frame. Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); show() Mother_Camera = new OrthographicCamera(VIRTUAL_WIDTH, VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); Was this code useful for screen aspect ratio-proportion fixing or it is statically dependent on actual device's width and height? *see http://blog.acamara.es/2012/02/05/keep-screen-aspect-ratio-with-different-resolutions-using-libgdx/#comment-317

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  • How to use shared_ptr for COM interface pointers

    - by Seefer
    I've been reading about various usage advice relating to the new c++ standard smart pointers unique_ptr, shared_ptr and weak_ptr and generally 'grok' what they are about when I'm writing my own code that declares and consumes them. However, all the discussions I've read seem restricted to this simple usage situation where the programmer is using smart in his/her own code, with no real discussion on techniques when having to work with libraries that expect raw pointers or other types of 'smart pointers' such as COM interface pointers. Specifically I'm learning my way through C++ by attempting to get a standard Win32 real-time game loop up and running that uses Direct2D & DirectWrite to render text to the display showing frames per second. My first task with Direct2D is in creating a Direct2D Factory object with the following code from the Direct2D examples on MSDN: ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory = nullptr; HRESULT hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &pD2DFactory); pD2DFactory is obviously an 'out' parameter and it's here where I become uncertain how to make use of smart pointers in this context, if indeed it's possible. My inexperienced C++ mind tells me I have two problems: With pD2DFactory being a COM interface pointer type, how would smart_ptr work with the Add() / Release() member functions for a COM object instance? Are smart pointers able to be passed to functions in situations where the function is using an 'out' pointer parameter technique? I did experiment with the alternative of using _com_ptr_t in the comip.h header file to help with pointer lifetime management and declared the pD2DFactory pointer with the following code: _com_ptr_t<_com_IIID<pD2DFactory, &__uuidof(pD2DFactory)>> pD2DFactory = nullptr; and it appears to work so far but, as you can see, the syntax is cumbersome :) So, I was wondering if any C++ gurus here could confirm whether smart pointers are able to help in cases like this and provide examples of usage, or point me to more in-depth discussions of smart pointer usage when needing to work with other code libraries that know nothing of them. Or is it simply a case of my trying to use the wrong tool for the job? :)

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  • How to create per-vertex normals when reusing vertex data?

    - by Chris Smith
    I am displaying a cube using a vertex buffer object (gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER). This allows me to specify vertex indicies, rather than having duplicate vertexes. In the case of displaying a simple cube, this means I only need to have eight vertices total. Opposed to needing three vertices per triangle, times two triangles per face, times six faces. Sound correct so far? My question is, how do I now deal with vertex attribute data such as color, texture coordinates, and normals when reusing vertices using the vertex buffer object? If I am reusing the same vertex data in my indexed vertex buffer, how can I differentiate when vertex X is used as part of the cube's front face versus the cube's left face? In both cases I would like the surface normal and texture coordinates to be different. I understand I could average the surface normal, however I would like to render a cube. Also, this still doesn't work for texture coordinates. Is there a way to save memory using a vertex buffer object while being able to provide different vertex attribute data based on context? (Per-triangle would be idea.) Or should I just duplicate each vertex for each context in which it gets rendered. (So there is a one-to-one mapping between vertex, normal, color, etc.) Note: I'm using OpenGL ES.

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  • Slick2D - Entities and rendering

    - by Zarkopafilis
    I have been trying to create my very first game for quite a while, followed some tutorials and stuff, but I am stuck at creating my entity system. I have made a class that extends the Entity class and here it is: public class Lazer extends Entity{//Just say that it is some sort of bullet private Play p;//Play class(State) private float x; private float y; private int direction; public Lazer(Play p, float x , float y, int direction){ this.p = p; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.direction = direction; p.ent.add(this); } public int getDirection(){ return direction; //this one specifies what value will be increased (x/y) at update } public float getX(){ return x; } public float getY(){ return y; } public void setY(float y){ this.y = y; } public void setX(float x){ this.x = x; } } The class seems pretty good , after speding some hours googling what would be the right thing. Now, on my Play class. I cant figure out how to draw them. (I have added them to an arraylist) On the update method , I update the lazers based on their direction: public void moveLazers(int delta){ for(int i=0;i<ent.size();i++){ Lazer l = ent.get(i); if(l.getDirection() == 1){ l.setX(l.getX() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 2){ l.setX(l.getX() - delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 3){ l.setY(l.getY() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 4){ l.setY(l.getY() - delta * .1f); } } } Now , I am stuck at the render method. Anyway , is this the correct way of doing this or do I need to change stuff? Also I need to know if collision detection needs to be in the update method. Thanks in advance ~ Teo Ntakouris

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  • Android threads trouble wrapping my head around design

    - by semajhan
    I am having trouble wrapping my head around game design. On the android platform, I have an activity and set its content view with a custom surface view. The custom surface view acts as my panel and I create instances of all classes and do all the drawing and calculation in there. Question: Should I instead create the instances of other classes in my activity? Now I create a custom thread class that handles the game loop. Question: How do I use this one class in all my activities? Or do I have to create a separate instance of the extended thread class each time? In my previous game, I had multiple levels that had to create an instance of the thread class and in the thread class I had to set constructor methods for each separate level and in the loop use a switch statement to check which level it needs to render and update. Sorry if that sounds confusing. I just want to know if the method I am using is inefficient (which it probably is) and how to go about designing it the correct way. I have read many tutorials out there and I am still having lots of trouble with this particular topic. Maybe a link to a some tutorials that explain this? Thanks.

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  • ArchBeat Link-o-Rama Top 20 for April 1-9, 2012

    - by Bob Rhubart
    The top 20 most popular items shared via my social networks for the week of April 1 - 8, 2012. Webcast: Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practices w/Tom Kyte - April 12 Oracle Cloud Conference: dates and locations worldwide Bad Practice Use Case for LOV Performance Implementation in ADF BC | Oracle ACE Director Andresjus Baranovskis How to create a Global Rule that stores a document’s folder path in a custom metadata field | Nicolas Montoya MySQL Cluster 7.2 GA Released How to deal with transport level security policy with OSB | Jian Liang Webcast Series: Data Warehousing Best Practices http://bit.ly/I0yUx1 Interactive Webcast and Live Chat: Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center 12c Launch - April 12 Is This How the Execs React to Your Recommendations? | Rick Ramsey Unsolicited login with OAM 11g | Chris Johnson Event: OTN Developer Day: MySQL - New York - May 2 OTN Member discounts for April: Save up to 40% on titles from Oracle Press, Pearson, O'Reilly, Apress, and more Get Proactive with Fusion Middleware | Daniel Mortimer How to use the Human WorkFlow Web Services | Oracle ACE Edwin Biemond Northeast Ohio Oracle Users Group 2 Day Seminar - May 14-15 - Cleveland, OH IOUG Real World Performance Tour, w/Tom Kyte, Andrew Holdsworth, Graham Wood WebLogic Server Performance and Tuning: Part I - Tuning JVM | Gokhan Gungor Crawling a Content Folio | Kyle Hatlestad The Java EE 6 Example - Galleria - Part 1 | Oracle ACE Director Markus Eisele Reminder: JavaOne Call For Papers Closing April 9th, 11:59pm | Arun Gupta Thought for the Day "A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you didn't even know existed can render your own computer unusable." — Leslie Lamport

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  • libgdx intersection problem between rectangle and circle

    - by Chris
    My collision detection in libgdx is somehow buggy. player.png is 20*80px and ball.png 25*25px. Code: @Override public void create() { // ... batch = new SpriteBatch(); playerTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/player.png")); ballTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/ball.png")); player = new Rectangle(); player.width = 20; player.height = 80; player.x = Gdx.graphics.getWidth() - player.width - 10; player.y = 300; ball = new Circle(); ball.x = Gdx.graphics.getWidth() / 2; ball.y = Gdx.graphics.getHeight() / 2; ball.radius = ballTex.getWidth() / 2; } @Override public void render() { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); camera.update(); // draw player, ball batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); batch.draw(ballTex, ball.x, ball.y); batch.draw(playerTex, player.x, player.y); batch.end(); // update player position if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DOWN)) player.y -= 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.UP)) player.y += 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.LEFT)) player.x -= 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.RIGHT)) player.x += 250 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); // don't let the player leave the field if(player.y < 0) player.y = 0; if(player.y > 600 - 80) player.y = 600 - 80; // check collision if (Intersector.overlaps(ball, player)) Gdx.app.log("overlaps", "yes"); }

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  • Keeping Aspect Screen Ratio While Stays in Center

    - by David Dimalanta
    I sqw and I tried this suggestion on PISTACHIO BRAINSTORMIN* on how to make a good and adaptive screen ration. For every different screen size, let's say I put the perfect circle as a Texture in LibGDX and played it on screen. Here's the blueberry image example and it's perfectly rounded: When I played it on the Google Nexus 7, the circle turn into a slightly oblonng shape, resembling as it was being flatten a bit. Please observe this snapshot below and you can see the blueberry is almost but slightly not perfectly rounded: Now, when I tried the suggested code for aspect ratio, the perfect circle retained but another problem is occured. The problem is that I expecting for a view on center but instead it's been moved to the right offset leaving with a half black screen. This would be look like this: Here is my code using the suggested screen aspect ratio code: Class' Field // Ingredients Needed for Screen Aspect Ratio private static final int VIRTUAL_WIDTH = 720; private static final int VIRTUAL_HEIGHT = 1280; private static final float ASPECT_RATIO = ((float) VIRTUAL_WIDTH)/((float) VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); private Camera Mother_Camera; private Rectangle Viewport; render() // Camera updating... Mother_Camera.update(); Mother_Camera.apply(Gdx.gl10); // Reseting viewport... Gdx.gl.glViewport((int) Viewport.x, (int) Viewport.y, (int) Viewport.width, (int) Viewport.height); // Clear previous frame. Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); show() Mother_Camera = new OrthographicCamera(VIRTUAL_WIDTH, VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); Was this code useful for screen aspect ratio-proportion fixing or it is statically dependent on actual device's width and height? *see http://blog.acamara.es/2012/02/05/keep-screen-aspect-ratio-with-different-resolutions-using-libgdx/#comment-317

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  • What could cause a pixel shader to paint outside the lines of the vertex shader output?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    From what I understand, the pixels that a pixel shader operates on are specified implicitly by the SV_POSITION output (in DirectX) of the vertex shader. What then could cause a pixel shader to render in the middle of nowhere? I used the new Visual Studio 2012 graphics debugger to visualize my vertex and pixel shader output. This is the output from a DrawIndexed() call that draws a cube: The pink part is the rendered output of the pixel shader, which takes the cube on its left as its input. The vertex shader code: cbuffer Buf { float4x4 final; }; struct In { float4 pos:POSITION; float3 norm:NORMAL; float2 texuv:TEXCOORD; }; struct Out { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; Out main(In input) { Out output; output.pos = mul(input.pos, final); output.col = float4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); output.tex = input.texuv; return output; } And the pixel shader: struct In { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; float4 main(In input) : SV_TARGET { return input.col; } The raster stage is the only thing between the vertex shader and the pixel shader, so my suspicion is that it's some raster stage settings. But the raster stage shouldn't change the shape of the vertex shader output so drastically, should it?

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  • LWJGL Determining whether or not a polygon is on-screen.

    - by Brandon oubiub
    Not sure whether this is an LWJGL or math question. I want to check whether a shape is on-screen, so that I don't have to render it if it isn't. First of all, is there any simple way to do this that I am overlooking? Like some method or something that I haven't found? I'm going to assume there isn't. I tried using my trigonometry skills, but it is hard to do this because of how glRotate also distorts the image a little for perspective and realism. Or, is there any way to easily determine if a ray starting from the camera, and going outward in a straight line intersects a shape? (I can probably do it with my math skillz, but is there an easier way?) By the way, I can easily determine the angle at which the camera is facing around the x and y axis. EDIT: Or, possibly, I could get the angles of a vector from the camera to the object, and compare those angles to my camera angles. But I have a feeling that the distorts from glRotate and glTranslate would be an issue. I'll try it though.

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  • How important do you find exception safety to be in your C++ code?

    - by Kai
    Every time I consider making my code strongly exception safe, I justify not doing it because it would be so time consuming. Consider this relatively simple snippet: Level::Entity* entity = new Level::Entity(); entity->id = GetNextId(); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Position(x, y)); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Movement()); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Render()); allEntities.push_back(entity); // std::vector entityById[entity->id] = entity; // std::map return entity; To implement a basic exception guarantee, I could use a scoped pointer on the new calls. This would prevent memory leaks if any of the calls were to throw an exception. However, let's say I want to implement a strong exception guarantee. At the least, I would need to implement a shared pointer for my containers (I'm not using Boost), a nothrow Entity::Swap for adding the components atomically, and some sort of idiom for atomically adding to both the Vector and Map. Not only would these be time consuming to implement, but they would be expensive since it involves a lot more copying than the exception unsafe solution. Ultimately, it feels to me like that time spent doing all of that wouldn't be justified just so that the a simple CreateEntity function is strongly exception safe. I probably just want the game to display an error and close at that point anyway. How far do you take this in your own game projects? Is it generally acceptable to write exception unsafe code for a program that can just crash when there is an exception?

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  • Using gluLookAt to move camera in 2D iPhone game ?

    - by Mr.Gando
    Hey guys, I'm trying to use gluLookAt to move the camera in my iPhone game, but every time I've tried to use gluLookAt my screen just goes "blank" ( grey in this case ) I'm trying to render a simple triangle and to move the camera, this is my code: to setup my scene I do: glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(-90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); //using iPhone in horizontal mode glOrthof(-240, 240, -160, 160, -1, 1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); then my "triangle rendering" code looks like: GLfloat triangle[] = {0, 100, 100, 0, -100, 0,}; glClearColor(0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &triangle); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); This draws a red triangle in the middle of the screen, when I try to apply gluLookAt ( I got the implementation of the function from Cocos2D so I asume it's correct ), i do: glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1); // try to move the camera a bit ? GLfloat triangle[] = {0, 100, 100, 0, -100, 0,}; glClearColor(0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &triangle); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); This leads me to grey screen (glClearColor is grey), I've tried all sort of things and read what I've found about gluLookAt on the net, but no luck :(, if someone could explain me or show me how to move to move the camera in a top-down fashion ( zelda, etc ), I would really appreciate it. Thanks!

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  • How do I choose the scaling factor of a 3D game world?

    - by concept3d
    I am making a 3D tank game prototype with some physics simulation, am using C++. One of the decisions I need to make is the scale of the game world in relation to reality. For example, I could consider 1 in-game unit of measurement to correspond to 1 meter in reality. This feels intuitive, but I feel like I might be missing something. I can think of the following as potential problems: 3D modelling program compatibility. (?) Numerical accuracy. (Does this matter?) Especially at large scales, how games like Battlefield have huge maps: How don't they lose numerical accuracy if they use 1:1 mapping with real world scale, since floating point representation tend to lose more precision with larger numbers (e.g. with ray casting, physics simulation)? Gameplay. I don't want the movement of units to feel slow or fast while using almost real world values like -9.8 m/s^2 for gravity. (This might be subjective.) Is it ok to scale up/down imported assets or it's best fit with a world with its original scale? Rendering performance. Are large meshes with the same vertex count slower to render? I'm wondering if I should split this into multiple questions...

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  • Second monitor not detected

    - by configurator
    Note: I've seen this question quite a lot, but in all the cases I could find with answers, the answer was either "I don't know" or "use nvidia-settings (which is irrelevant to me)." I'm using Intel Sandybridge Desktop graphics, with a P8H61-M LE motherboard. How do I get Ubuntu to detect my second monitor? Clicking "Detect Displays" here doesn't do anything. Here's some system info: $ lspci | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) $ uname -a Linux clyde 3.5.0-13-generic #13-Ubuntu SMP Tue Aug 28 08:31:47 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ hardinfo [copied from the UI] -Display- Resolution : 1920x1080 pixels Vendor : The X.Org Foundation Version : 1.12.3 -Monitors- Monitor 0 : 1920x1080 pixels -Extensions- BIG-REQUESTS Composite DAMAGE DOUBLE-BUFFER DPMS DRI2 GLX Generic Event Extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER MIT-SHM RANDR RECORD RENDER SECURITY SGI-GLX SHAPE SYNC X-Resource XC-MISC XFIXES XFree86-DGA XFree86-VidModeExtension XINERAMA XInputExtension XKEYBOARD XTEST XVideo -OpenGL- Vendor : Intel Open Source Technology Center Renderer : Mesa DRI Intel(R) Sandybridge Desktop Version : 3.0 Mesa 8.1-devel Direct Rendering : Yes I've tried upgrading everything from ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa and ppa:glasen/intel-driver. I've also installed various tools I've found in other threads (e.g. hardinfo) but they weren't really helpful to me as I don't know what to make of the data. How do I get Ubuntu to detect my second monitor?

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  • Would Using a PHP Framework Be Beneficial in My Context?

    - by Fractal
    I've just started work at a small start-up company who mainly uses PHP to develop their front-end apps. I had no prior PHP experience before joining, and this has led to my apps becoming large pieces of spaghetti code. I essentially started by adding code to implement an initial feature, and then continued to hack in more code to implement further features – without much thought for the overall design. The apps themselves output XML to render on small mobile devices. I recently started looking into frameworks that I could use. I reckon an advantage would be that they seem to force developers to modularise their programs using good-practice design patterns. This seems great for someone in my position. The extra functions they provide, for example: interfacing with databases in such a way as to make SQL injection impossible, would be very useful too. The downside I can see is that there will be a lot of overhead for me in terms of the time taken to learn the framework itself (while still getting to grips with PHP itself). I'm also worried that it will be overkill for the scale of the apps we develop. They tend to be programs that interface with a fairly simple back-end DB, and will generate about 5 different XML screens. Probably around 1 or 2 thousand lines of code. The time it takes just to configure the frameworks may not be worth it. The final problem I can see is that developers in the company – who have to go over my code, and who do not know the PHP framework I may use – will have a much harder time understanding it. Given those pros and cons, I'm still not sure on what the best course of action will be; so any advice will be greatly appreciated.

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  • Flattening PDF transparency

    - by Jan
    I have a PDF, made with Inkscape, that uses transparent colors. This image shall be used in a LaTeX document. While preserving the transparency is nice for editing, it can be a problem for printing. Printing usually involves PDF to PS conversion. Since Postscript does not support transparency, this requires either flatting, i.e. creating a vector graphic that works without transparency or rastering, i.e. rendering a bitmap image. When a PDF document containing such a figure is printed (or converted to PS) using Evince (or Cairo or Ghostscript), the whole page gets rendered as a bitmap, rendering fonts ugly (different from other pages). (Adobe Acrobat handles such PDFs well.) Unfortunately, converting the PDF figures to EPS (before including them with LaTeX) doesn't help much, because both pdftops and pdf2ps (again, Cairo or Ghostscript) rasterize the image, i.e. render a bitmap (saved as EPS). (This is slightly better, because it doesn't affect the whole page, but I'd still prefer a vector graphics.) How can I flatten transparency with Inkscape or other software on Linux?

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  • Android threads trouble wrapping my head around design

    - by semajhan
    I am having trouble wrapping my head around game design. On the android platform, I have an activity and set its content view with a custom surface view. The custom surface view acts as my panel and I create instances of all classes and do all the drawing and calculation in there. Question: Should I instead create the instances of other classes in my activity? Now I create a custom thread class that handles the game loop. Question: How do I use this one class in all my activities? Or do I have to create a separate thread each time? In my previous game, I had multiple levels that had to create an instance of the thread class and in the thread class I had to set constructor methods for each separate level and in the loop use a switch statement to check which level it needs to render and update. Sorry if that sounds confusing. I just want to know if the method I am using is inefficient (which it probably is) and how to go about designing it the correct way. I have read many tutorials out there and I am still having lots of trouble with this particular topic. Maybe a link to a some tutorials that explain this? Thanks.

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  • My Apache access log contains weird GET and POST requests, what can I do?

    - by Konstantin
    My Apache access log contains weird GET and POST requests, is it possible to examine which of these are harmful? For example: 114.232.151.185 - - [11/Jun/2014:20:11:33 +0200] "GET http://hotel.qunar.com/render/hoteldiv.jsp?&__jscallback=XQScript_4 HTTP/1.1" 404 1167 103.30.175.10 - - [12/Jun/2014:08:35:17 +0200] "GET /vtigercrm/ HTTP/1.1" 404 1034 69.174.245.163 - - [14/Jun/2014:01:22:38 +0200] "GET /w00tw00t.at.blackhats.romanian.anti-sec:) HTTP/1.1" 404 1034 69.174.245.163 - - [14/Jun/2014:01:22:38 +0200] "GET /phpMyAdmin/scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1" 404 1034 94.74.229.110 - - [16/Jun/2014:18:46:43 +0200] "GET http://www.msftncsi.com/ncsi.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 1037 80.73.11.164 - - [20/Jun/2014:01:52:14 +0200] "POST /cgi-bin/php?%2D%64+%61%6C%6C%6F%77%5F%75%72%6C%5F%69%6E%63%6C%75%64%65%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%73%61%66%65%5F%6D%6F%64%65%3D%6F%66%66+%2D%64+%73%75%68%6F%73%69%6E%2E%73%69%6D%75%6C%61%74%69%6F%6E%3D%6F%6E+%2D%64+%64%69%73%61%62%6C%65%5F%66%75%6E%63%74%69%6F%6E%73%3D%22%22+%2D%64+%6F%70%65%6E%5F%62%61%73%65%64%69%72%3D%6E%6F%6E%65+%2D%64+%61%75%74%6F%5F%70%72%65%70%65%6E%64%5F%66%69%6C%65%3D%70%68%70%3A%2F%2F%69%6E%70%75%74+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%66%6F%72%63%65%5F%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%3D%30+%2D%64+%63%67%69%2E%72%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%5F%73%74%61%74%75%73%5F%65%6E%76%3D%30+%2D%6E HTTP/1.1" 404 1034 162.253.66.76 - - [24/Jun/2014:23:54:30 +0200] "GET /rutorrent HTTP/1.1" 400 226 122.226.223.69 - - [25/Jun/2014:01:14:27 +0200] "GET http://todd0738.gotoip4.com//hello.html HTTP/1.1" 404 1041 My Apache access log file: http://pastebin.com/2x0naQBK

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  • Using 2D sprites and 3D models together

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have gone through a few posts that talks about changing the GraphicsDevice.BlendState and GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState (SpriteBatch & Render states). . however even after changing the states .. i cant see my 3D model on the screen.. I see the model for a second before i draw my video in the background. . Here is the code: case GameState.InGame: GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.AliceBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); if (player.State != MediaState.Stopped) { videoTexture = player.GetTexture(); } Rectangle screen = new Rectangle(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.X, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Y, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height); // Draw the video, if we have a texture to draw. if (videoTexture != null) { spriteBatch.Draw(videoTexture, screen, Color.White); if (Selected_underwater == true) { spriteBatch.DrawString(font, "MaxX , MaxY" + maxWidth + "," + maxHeight, new Vector2(400, 10), Color.Red); spriteBatch.Draw(kinectRGBVideo, new Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(butterfly, handPosition, Color.White); foreach (AnimatedSprite a in aSprites) { a.Draw(spriteBatch); } } if(Selected_planet == true) { spriteBatch.Draw(kinectRGBVideo, new Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(butterfly, handPosition, Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(videoTexture,screen,Color.White); GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearWrap; foreach (_3DModel m in Solar) { m.DrawModel(); } } spriteBatch.End(); break;

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  • new project; entire node.js app

    - by Jared
    I have been looking into Node.js, express and Nowjs and love how easy it is to have real time interactions between clients. My background is mostly from CodeIgniter MVC using PHP and MYSql. I want to re make a current web project of mine from scratch to make everything better and more real time with this newer technology. After researching and doing test examples I want to use node.js , express and Nowjs for the real time interactions once someone connects to the socket.io to pull data back to clients. But use Code Igniter for the control of the site and user management , possible shopping cart/store , pretty much everything else. This is purely due to time constraints and that I am already familiar with doing it that way. I have been looking at MongoDB as an alternative to MySql, Basically the app is going to be multiple chat rooms all on one page. with the ability of notifications and private messaging. Lots of data transfer and images. before I started piecing it together I wanted to get people who have already done something similar. My model would use Code Igniter and MySQL to render the page and then connect them onto a node.js server and broadcast using express and nowjs would using a mongoDB be better than mySQL for tons of messages and data being stored or MYSQL? Also does it make since to not make the whole site on Node.js , kinda piece it together like that? I was asked to re post this somewhere else as it was not up to the format for SO, OP from here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12649469/new-project-need-some-start-up-advice-node-js-app#comment17062924_12649469

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  • Why is testing MVC Views frowned upon?

    - by Peter Bernier
    I'm currently setting the groundwork for an ASP.Net MVC application and I'm looking into what sort of unit-tests I should be prepared to write. I've seen in multiple places people essentially saying 'don't bother testing your views, there's no logic and it's trivial and will be covered by an integration test'. I don't understand how this has become the accepted wisdom. Integration tests serve an entirely different purpose than unit tests. If I break something, I don't want to know a half-hour later when my integration tests break, I want to know immediately. Sample Scenario : Lets say we're dealing with a standard CRUD app with a Customer entity. The customer has a name and an address. At each level of testing, I want to verify that the Customer retrieval logic gets both the name and the address properly. To unit-test the repository, I write an integration test to hit the database. To unit-test the business rules, I mock out the repository, feed the business rules appropriate data, and verify my expected results are returned. What I'd like to do : To unit-test the UI, I mock out the business rules, setup my expected customer instance, render the view, and verify that the view contains the appropriate values for the instance I specified. What I'm stuck doing : To unit-test the repository, I write an integration test, setup an appropriate login, create the required data in the database, open a browser, navigate to the customer, and verify the resulting page contains the appropriate values for the instance I specified. I realize that there is overlap between the two scenarios discussed above, but the key difference it time and effort required to setup and execute the tests. If I (or another dev) removes the address field from the view, I don't want to wait for the integration test to discover this. I want is discovered and flagged in a unit-test that gets multiple times daily. I get the feeling that I'm just not grasping some key concept. Can someone explain why wanting immediate test feedback on the validity of an MVC view is a bad thing? (or if not bad, then not the expected way to get said feedback)

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  • HLSL - Creating Shadows in 2D

    - by richard
    The way that I create shadows is by the following technique: http://www.catalinzima.com/2010/07/my-technique-for-the-shader-based-dynamic-2d-shadows/ But I have questions to HLSL. The way that I currently do it is, I have a black and white image, where Black means 'object', and white means 'nothing'. I then distort the image like in the tutorial. I do this with a pixel shader, but instead of rendering to the screen, I render to a texture, back to my application. I then take this, and create the shadows, and then send it back to the graphics card to undo the distortion, after the shadow has been added - this comes back and I have a stencil of shadow. I can put this ontop of the original image and send them back to the graphics card, which then puts them on the screen. To me this is alot of back and forth. Is there a way i can avoid this? The problem that I am having is that I need to basically go through all positions in the texture 3 times, and use the new new texture every time instead of the orginal one. I tried to read up on Passes, but i don't think that i am heading in the right direction there. Help?

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  • How do I use depth testing and texture transparency together in my 2.5D world?

    - by nbolton
    Note: I've already found an answer (which I will post after this question) - I was just wondering if I was doing it right, or if there is a better way. I'm making a "2.5D" isometric game using OpenGL ES (JOGL). By "2.5D", I mean that the world is 3D, but it is rendered using 2D isometric tiles. The original problem I had to solve was that my textures had to be rendered in order (from back to front), so that the tiles overlapped properly to create the proper effect. After some reading, I quickly realised that this is the "old hat" 2D approach. This became difficult to do efficiently, since the 3D world can be modified by the player (so stuff can appear anywhere in 3D space) - so it seemed logical that I take advantage of the depth buffer. This meant that I didn't have to worry about rendering stuff in the correct order. However, I faced a problem. If you use GL_DEPTH_TEST and GL_BLEND together, it creates an effect where objects are blended with the background before they are "sorted" by z order (meaning that you get a weird kind of overlap where the transparency should be). Here's some pseudo code that should illustrate the problem (incidentally, I'm using libgdx for Android). create() { // ... // some other code here // ... Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND); } render() { Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); Gdx.gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // ... // bind texture and create vertices // ... } So the question is: How do I solve the transparency overlap problem?

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