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  • My smtp server is spammed?

    - by Milos
    I have a server and the postfix client on it. Since several days, I noticed a lot of processes running there. When checked, there are a lot of emails sent. Here is an example from the mail log: Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: connect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: connect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: 525E7114012D: client=dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 525E7114012D: message-id=<B55835C9027BFA9D16CCBB556DB2F48BB82DF004000480BA-db0c3ce8aa74446411898d0d2feb3001@email.filmforthoughtinc.com> Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: from=<[email protected]>, size=10702, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: EC52711401DC: client=unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: disconnect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[8597]: EC52711401DC: message-id=<4C905D97606B436FE50C6F738DE014D9D84F2185BA815D81-1a4dbe6fc2bfcc8183f5faf901cfa15e@email.manguerasespecializadas.com> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: 525E7114012D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.55/0/0.45/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[10067]: 8B1E11140268: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: 525E7114012D: sender non-delivery notification: 8B1E11140268 Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: from=<>, size=12693, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: removed Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: from=<[email protected]>, size=10978, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: connect to aspmx.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400d:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: disconnect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: 8B1E11140268: to=<[email protected]>, relay=aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25, delay=0.5, delays=0.06/0/0.28/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said: 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 l7si24621420qad.26 - gsmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: removed Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: EC52711401DC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.66/0/0.44/0.12, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 414361140254: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: EC52711401DC: sender non-delivery notification: 414361140254 Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: from=<>, size=13057, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: removed Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/smtp[10002]: 414361140254: to=<[email protected]>, relay=manguerasespecializadas.com[99.198.96.210]:25, delay=2.9, delays=0.04/0/2.1/0.84, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1XJPGs-0007BE-OI) Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: removed IS my server attacked, spammed? How to check that? Thank you.

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  • Reader for Android Updates; Now with Feed Widgets and More

    - by ETC
    Android phone owners rocking the official Google Reader app will be pleased to see the new update includes much requested features such as polished feed widgets, unread counter widgets, and a handy “mark previous as read” button. Widgets have long been one of the most requested feature for Google Reader for Android. This update rolls them out in two forms. News ticker widgets show you current headlines for your Google Reader folders (as seen in the screenshot here); folder widgets function just as unread counters and only take up a 1×1 space. In addition to the widgets another much requested feature made an appearance. While scrolling through your feed you can now mark all the previous entries as read. Hit up the link below to read more or visit the Android Market on your phone to update the application. Updates to the Google Reader App for Android [The Official Google Reader Blog] Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How to Enable User-Specific Wireless Networks in Windows 7 How to Use Google Chrome as Your Default PDF Reader (the Easy Way) How To Remove People and Objects From Photographs In Photoshop Ask How-To Geek: How Can I Monitor My Bandwidth Usage? Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware Comix is an Awesome Comics Archive Viewer for Linux Get the MakeUseOf eBook Guide to Speeding Up Windows for Free Need Tech Support? Call the Star Wars Help Desk! [Video Classic] Reclaim Vertical UI Space by Adding a Toolbar to the Left or Right Side of Firefox Androidify Turns You into an Android-style Avatar Reader for Android Updates; Now with Feed Widgets and More

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  • repeated failing passwords in linux security log (/var/log/secure)

    - by wallyk
    Recently, I opened up the SSH port through my firewalls (and redirecting to my server) so I could check on the (http) server while on the road. The first week or two there was nothing different. But now, three or four weeks later, I see lots of this: Mar 20 08:38:28 localhost sshd[21895]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=mail.queued.net user=root Mar 20 08:38:31 localhost sshd[21895]: Failed password for root from 207.210.101.209 port 2854 ssh2 Mar 20 15:38:31 localhost sshd[21896]: Received disconnect from 207.210.101.209: 11: Bye Bye Mar 20 08:38:32 localhost unix_chkpwd[21900]: password check failed for user (root) Mar 20 08:38:32 localhost sshd[21898]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=mail.queued.net user=root Mar 20 08:38:34 localhost sshd[21898]: Failed password for root from 207.210.101.209 port 3729 ssh2 Mar 20 15:38:35 localhost sshd[21899]: Received disconnect from 207.210.101.209: 11: Bye Bye Mar 20 08:38:36 localhost unix_chkpwd[21903]: password check failed for user (root) Mar 20 08:38:36 localhost sshd[21901]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=mail.queued.net user=root Mar 20 08:38:38 localhost sshd[21901]: Failed password for root from 207.210.101.209 port 4313 ssh2 Mar 20 15:38:38 localhost sshd[21902]: Received disconnect from 207.210.101.209: 11: Bye Bye Mar 20 08:38:40 localhost unix_chkpwd[21906]: password check failed for user (root) Mar 20 08:38:40 localhost sshd[21904]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=mail.queued.net user=root Mar 20 08:38:42 localhost sshd[21904]: Failed password for root from 207.210.101.209 port 4869 ssh2 Mar 20 15:38:43 localhost sshd[21905]: Received disconnect from 207.210.101.209: 11: Bye Bye Mar 20 08:38:44 localhost unix_chkpwd[21909]: password check failed for user (root) Mar 20 08:38:44 localhost sshd[21907]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=mail.queued.net user=root Mar 20 08:38:46 localhost sshd[21907]: Failed password for root from 207.210.101.209 port 2512 ssh2 Mar 20 15:38:47 localhost sshd[21908]: Received disconnect from 207.210.101.209: 11: Bye Bye Mar 20 15:38:57 localhost sshd[21912]: Connection closed by 207.210.101.209 There are about 1100 lines of these for March 20th, zero for the 19th, and 800 or so for the 18th—all related to the same IP. What does it mean? What should I do? Why isn't it chronological?

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  • Sending text messages from Raspberry Pi via email fails

    - by vgm64
    I'm using mailx on my raspberry pi to try to send text messages updates for event monitoring. My phone number: 9876543210 My phone's email-to-text gateway address: [email protected] I can 1) Send emails from my raspberry pi to various email addresses. mail -r [email protected] -s "My Subject" [email protected] < body.txt and off it goes and is successfully delivered. 2) Send emails from various email address (not on RPi) using mailx to the above phone-email address and have them delivered as text messages. However, when sending emails to [email protected] from the Raspberry Pi using mailx the emails seem to spiral into the void and are never heard of again (no errors, no undeliverable messages, nothing). Does anyone know what could be causing this to go awry? Something about the basic deployment of the mail server on the pi? EDIT Based on @kobaltz's suggestion, I used sendmail instead. This led to a hang, then an error that stated that I lacked a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). I then used this website's instructions to add a domain name to the RPi. To paraphrase: I have set the FQDN in /etc/hostname: my-host-name.my-domain.com and /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.0.5 my-host-name.my-domain.com my-host-name Then add to /etc/mail/sendmail.cf: MASQUERADE_AS(`my-domain.com') MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`my-host-name.my-domain.com') FEATURE(`masquerade_entire_domain') FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope') I put this in /etc/mail/sendmail.cf, BEFORE the MAILER() lines, ran sendmailconfig, answered Yes to the questions about using the existing files, and restarted sendmail. Emails now have the proper domain name. Progress, however, I am now stuck at the following error: 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself >>> . 050 <[email protected]>... Connecting to mxx.cingularme.com. via esmtp... 050 421 Service not available 050 >>> QUIT 050 <[email protected]>... Deferred: 421 Service not available 250 2.0.0 q9U3ZESt021150 Message accepted for delivery [email protected]... Sent (q9U3ZESt021150 Message accepted for delivery) Closing connection to [127.0.0.1] >>> QUIT

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  • Postfix SMTP auth not working with virtual mailboxes + SASL + Courier userdb

    - by Greg K
    So I've read a variety of tutorials and how-to's and I'm struggling to make sense of how to get SMTP auth working with virtual mailboxes in Postfix. I used this Ubuntu tutorial to get set up. I'm using Courier-IMAP and POP3 for reading mail which seems to be working without issue. However, the credentials used to read a mailbox are not working for SMTP. I can see from /var/log/auth.log that PAM is being used, does this require a UNIX user account to work? As I'm using virtual mailboxes to avoid creating user accounts. li305-246 saslauthd[22856]: DEBUG: auth_pam: pam_authenticate failed: Authentication failure li305-246 saslauthd[22856]: do_auth : auth failure: [user=fred] [service=smtp] [realm=] [mech=pam] [reason=PAM auth error] /var/log/mail.log li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: setting up TLS connection from mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43] li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43]: TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits) li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: warning: mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I've created accounts in userdb as per this tutorial. Does Postfix also use authuserdb? What debug information is needed to help diagnose my issue? main.cf: # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # SMTP parameters smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes PWDIR="/var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" PARAMS="-m ${PWDIR}" PIDFILE="${PWDIR}/saslauthd.pid" DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" /etc/courier/authdaemonrc authmodulelist="authuserdb" I've only modified one line in authdaemonrc and restarted the service as per this tutorial. I've added accounts to /etc/courier/userdb via userdb and userdbpw and run makeuserdb as per the tutorial. SOLVED Thanks to Jenny D for suggesting use of rimap to auth against localhost IMAP server (which reads userdb credentials). I updated /etc/default/saslauthd to start saslauthd correctly (this page was useful) MECHANISMS="rimap" MECH_OPTIONS="localhost" THREADS=0 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" After doing this I got the following error in /var/log/auth.log: li305-246 saslauthd[28093]: auth_rimap: unexpected response to auth request: * BYE [ALERT] Fatal error: Account's mailbox directory is not owned by the correct uid or gid: li305-246 saslauthd[28093]: do_auth : auth failure: [user=fred] [service=smtp] [realm=] [mech=rimap] [reason=[ALERT] Unexpected response from remote authentication server] This blog post detailed a solution by setting IMAP_MAILBOX_SANITY_CHECK=0 in /etc/courier/imapd. Then restart your courier and saslauthd daemons for config changes to take effect. sudo /etc/init.d/courier-imap restart sudo /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart sudo /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart Watch /var/log/auth.log while trying to send email. Hopefully you're good!

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  • Gmail sends bulk messages sent by postfix to spam - spf, rDNS are set up (headers inside)

    - by snitko
    here are the headers of the blocked messages (actual domain replaced with domain.com, ip address with n.n.n.n and gmail account name with person.account): Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.216.89.137 with SMTP id c9cs247685wef; Tue, 6 Dec 2011 16:06:37 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.224.199.134 with SMTP id es6mr14447757qab.2.1323216395590; Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:06:35 -0800 (PST) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.domain.com (domain.com. [n.n.n.n]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id b16si7471407qcv.131.2011.12.06.16.06.35; Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:06:35 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates n.n.n.n as permitted sender) client-ip=n.n.n.n; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates n.n.n.n as permitted sender) [email protected] Received: by mail.domain.com (Postfix, from userid 5001) id 26ADE381E3; Tue, 6 Dec 2011 19:06:35 -0500 (EST) Received: from domain.com (domain.com [127.0.0.1]) by mail.domain.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0148638030 for <[email protected]>; Tue, 6 Dec 2011 19:06:31 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 06 Dec 2011 19:06:31 -0500 From: DomainApp <[email protected]> Reply-To: [email protected] To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: Roman Snitko says hi Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-No-Spam: True Precedence: bulk List-Unsubscribe: [email protected] Messages go to Spam folder on various gmail accounts, so it's not a coincidence. I followed all gmail guides on sending bulk emails from here https://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=81126. I also checked my ip-address here http://www.dnsblcheck.co.uk/ and it's NOT on the blacklists. Thus I have two questions: What may be the possible reason for the messages to go to Spam folder? Is there any way to contact Google and ask them what causes this? Update: I have set up openDKIM on my server, everything works, gmail message headers say that dkim=pass, which means everything is set up correctly. Messages still end up in Spam folder.

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  • Amusing or Sad? Network Solutions

    - by dbasnett
    When I got sick my email ended up in every drug sellers email list. Some days I get over 200 emails selling everything from Viagra to Xanax. Either they don't know what my condition is or they are telling me you are a goner, might as well chill-ax and have a good time. In order to cut down on the mail being downloaded I thought I would add all of the Junk email senders from Outlook to my Network Solution mail server. Much to my amazement I could not find that import Spammers button, so I submitted a tech support request. Here is the response: Thank you for contacting Network Solutions Customer Service Department. We are committed to creating the best Customer experience possible. One of the first ways we can demonstrate our commitment to this goal is to quickly and efficiently handle your recent request. We apologize for any inconvenience this might have caused you. With regard to your concern, please be advised that we cannot import blocked senders in to you e-mail servers. An alternative option is for you to create a Custom Filter that filters unwanted e-mails. To create a Custom Filter: Open a Web browser (e.g., Netscape, Microsoft Internet Explorer, etc.). Type mail.[domain name].[ext] in the address line. Login to your Network Solutions email account. Click on the Configuration left menu tab. Click on the Custom Filter link. Type the rule name. blah, blah, blah Basically add them one at a time. "We are committed to creating the best Customer experience possible." No you are not. You are trying to squeeze every nickle you can out of me. "With regard to your concern, please be advised that we cannot import blocked senders in to you e-mail servers." Maybe I should apply for a job to write those ten complicated lines of code... Maybe I should question my choice of vendors, because if they truly "cannot" then they are to stupid to have my business. It is both amusing and sad. I'll be posting this in every forum I am a member of.

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  • Unable to add IPv6 address to sendmail access list

    - by David M. Syzdek
    I am running Sendmail 8.14.4 on Slackware 13.37. I have the following in my /etc/mail/access file and it works without any errors: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite The above configuration also allows me to send an e-mail via IPv6 to a local user on the mail server. However, it does not allow my office to relay via IPv6. I have tried two ways of adding IPv6 networks to my access file. Method 1: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:IPv6:2001:470:b:84a RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite Method 2: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a] RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite However whenever I try using either method 1 or 2, I am unable to relay e-mail messages through the host. /var/log/maillog entry: May 31 11:57:15 freshsalmon sm-mta[25500]: ruleset=check_relay, arg1=[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], arg2=IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc, relay=[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], reject=553 5.3.0 RELAY # Net:office Test session from telnet: syzdek@blackenhawk$ telnet -6 freshsalmon.office.example.com 25 Trying 2001:470:b:84a::69... Connected to freshsalmon.office.bindlebinaries.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 office.example.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.4/8.14.4; Thu, 31 May 2012 11:57:15 -0800 HELO blackenhawk.office.example.com 250 office.example.com Hello [IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], pleased to meet you MAIL FROM:[email protected] 553 5.3.0 RELAY # Net:office What is the correct way to add an IPv6 address/network to the access file in sendmail? Update: Apparently my access file was not working regardless. Removing the comments at the end of the line seems to have fixed the problem. Here is the lines which worked: Connect:127 OK Connect:IPv6:::1 OK # Net: office Connect:10.0.1 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2001:470:b:84a RELAY # Host: glider Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2600:3c01::f03c:91ff:fedf:381a RELAY # Host: kite Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2600:3c00::f03c:91ff:fedf:52a4 RELAY

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  • Postfix: Relay access denied

    - by Joseph Silvashy
    When I telnet to my server thats running postfix and try to send an email: MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> #=> 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> #=> 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied I couldn't really find the answer on the site or by looking at other users question/answers, I'm not sure where to start. Ideas? Update So basically looking at the docs: http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html (section: Getting selective with SMTP access restriction lists), I don't seem to have any of those directives in etc/postfix/main.cf like smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject or any of the other ones, so I'm quite confused. But really I'm going to have a rails app connect to the server and send the emails, so I'm not sure how to handle it. Here is what my config file looks like: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = rerecipe-utils alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, mail.rerecipe.com, rerecipe.com relayhost = mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 204.232.207.0/24 10.177.64.0/19 [::1]/128 [fe80::%eth0]/64 [fe80::%eth1]/64 Something to note is that relayhost is blank, this is the default configuration file that was created when I installed Postfix, when testing to connect with openssl I get this: ~% openssl s_client -connect mail.myhostname.com:25 -starttls smtp CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify error:num=18:self signed certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/CN=myhostname i:/CN=myhostname --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBqTCCARICCQDDxVr+420qvjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAZMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5y ZXJlY2lwZS11dGlsczAeFw0xMDEwMTMwNjU1MTVaFw0yMDEwMTAwNjU1MTVaMBkx FzAVBgNVBAMTDnJlcmVjaXBlLXV0aWxzMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCB iQKBgQDODh2w4A1k0qiPNPhkrPj8sfkxpKPTk28AuZhgOEBYBLeHacTKNH0jXxPv P3TyhINijvvdDPzyuPJoTTliR2EHR/nL4DLhr5FzhV+PB4PsIFUER7arx+1sMjz6 5l/Ubu1ppMzW9U0IFNbaPm2AiiGBQRCQN8L0bLUjzVzwoSRMOQIDAQABMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALi2vvk9TGKJubXYJbU0PKmVmsfzFK35yLqr0keiDBhK2Leg 274sWxEH3ds8mUaRftuFlXb7RYAGNlVyTuMTY3CEcnqIsH7F2McCUTpjMzu/o1mZ O/B21CelKetBd1u79Gkrv2vWyN7Csft6uTx5NIGG2+pGi3r0gX2r0Hbu2K94 -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=myhostname issuer=/CN=myhostname --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1203 bytes and written 360 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 1AA4B8BFAAA85DA9ED4755194C50311670E57C35B8C51F9C2749936DA11918E4 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B432F1DE9F3580DCC6208C76F96631DC5A4BC517BDBADD5F514414DCF34AC526C30687B96C5C4742E9583555A118232 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1292985376 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate) --- 250 DSN Oddly enough when I try to send an email from the machine itself it does work: echo test | mail -s "test subject" [email protected]

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  • Postfix: How to apply header_checks only for specific Domains?

    - by Lukas
    Basically what I want to do is rewriting the From: Header, using header_checks, but only if the mail goes to a certain domain. The problem with header_check is, that I can't check for a combination of To: and From: Headers. Now I was wondering if it was possible to use the header_checks in combination with smtpd_restriction_classes or something similar. I've found a lot information about header_checks and multiple header fields, when searching the net. All of them basically telling me, that one can't combine two header for checking. But I didn't find any information if it was possible to only do a header check if a condition (eg. mail goes to example.com) was met. Edit: While doing some more Research I've found the following article which suggests to add a Service in postfix master.cf, use a transportmap to pass mails for the Domain to that service and have a separate header_check defined with -o. The thing is that I can't get it to work... What I did so far is adding the Service to the master.cf: example unix - - n - - smtpd -o header_checks=regexp:/etc/postfix/check_headers_example Adding the followin Line to the transportmap: example.com example: Last but not least I have two regexp-files for header checks, one for the newly added service, and one to redirect answers to the rewritten domain. check_headers_example: /From:(.*)@mydomain.ain>(.*)/ REPLACE From:[email protected]>$2 Obviously if someone answers, the mail would go to nirvana, so I have the following check_headers defined in the main postfix process: /To:(.*)<(.*)@mydomain.example.com>(.*)/ REDIRECT [email protected]$2 Somehow the Transport is ignored. Any help is appreciated. Edit 2: I'm still stuck... I did try the following: smtpd_restriction_classes = header_rewrite header_rewrite = regexp:/etc/postfix/rewrite_headers_domain smtpd_recipient_restrictions = (some checks) check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/rewrite_table, (more checks) In the rewrite_table the following entries exist: /From:(.*)@mydomain.ain>(.*)/ REPLACE From:[email protected]>$2 All it gets me is a NOQUEUE: reject: 451 4.3.5 Server configuration error. I couldn't find any resources on how you would do that but some people saying it wasn't possible. Edit 3: The reason I asked this question was, that we have a customer (lets say customer.com) who uses some aliases that will forward mail to a domain, let's say example.com. The mailserver at example.com does not accept any mail from an external server that come from a sender @example.com. So all mails that are written from example.com to [email protected] will be rejected in the end. An exception on example.com's mailserver is not possible. We didn't really solve this problem, but will try to work around it by using lists (mailman) instead of aliases. This is not really nice though, nor a real solution. I'd appreciate all suggestions how this could be done in a proper way.

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  • How to get rid of messages addressed to not existing subdomains?

    - by user71061
    Hi! I have small problem with my sendmail server and need your little help :-) My situation is as follow: User mailboxes are placed on MS exchanege server and all mail to and from outside world are relayed trough my sendmail box. Exchange server ----- sendmail server ------ Internet My servers accept messages for one main domain (say, my.domain.com) and for few other domains (let we narrow it too just one, say my_other.domain.com). After configuring sendmail with showed bellow abbreviated sendmail.mc file, essentially everything works ok, but there is small problem. I want to reject messages addressed to not existing recipients as soon as possible (to avoid sending non delivery reports), so my sendmail server make LDAP queries to exchange server, validating every recipient address. This works well both domains but not for subdomains. Such subdomains do not exist, but someone (I'm mean those heated spamers :-) could try addresses like this: user@any_host.my.domain.com or user@any_host.my_other.domain.com and for those addresses results are as follows: Messages to user@sendmail_hostname.my.domain.com are rejected with error "Unknown user" (due to additional LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN line in my sendmail.mc file, and this is expected behaviour) Messages to user@any_other_hostname.my.domain.com are rejected with error "Relaying denied". Little strange to me, why this time the error is different, but still ok. After all message was rejected and I don't care very much what error code will be returned to sender (spamer). Messages to user@sendmail_hostname.my_other.domain.com and user@any_other_hostname.my_other.domain.com are rejected with error "Unknown user" but only when, there is no user@my_other.domain.com mailbox (on exchange server). If such mailbox exist, then all three addresses (i.e. user@my_other.domain.com, user@sendmail_hostname.my_other.domain.com and user@any_other_hostname.my_other.domain.com) will be accepted. (adding additional line LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN(my_sendmail_host.my_other.domain.com) to my sendmail.mc file don't change anything) My abbreviated sendmail.mc file is as follows (sendmail 8.14.3-5). Both domains are listed in /etc/mail/local-host-names file (FEATURE(use_cw_file) ): define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl OSTYPE(`debian')dnl DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl define(`confRUN_AS_USER',`smmta:smmsp')dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',`needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl FEATURE(`always_add_domain')dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`my.domain.com')dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl dnl define(`confLDAP_DEFAULT_SPEC',`-p 389 -h my_exchange_server.my.domain.com -b dc=my,dc=domain,dc=com')dnl dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE',`/etc/aliases,ldap:-k (&(|(objectclass=user)(objectclass=group))(proxyAddresses=smtp:%0)) -v mail')dnl FEATURE(`ldap_routing',, `ldap -1 -T<TMPF> -v mail -k proxyAddresses=SMTP:%0', `bounce')dnl LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN(`my.domain.com')dnl LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN(`my_other.domain.com ')dnl LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN(`my_sendmail_host.my.domain.com')dnl define(`confLDAP_DEFAULT_SPEC', `-p 389 -h "my_exchange_server.my.domain.com" -d "CN=sendmail,CN=Users,DC=my,DC=domain,DC=com" -M simple -P /etc/mail/ldap-secret -b "DC=my,DC=domain,DC=com"')dnl FEATURE(`nouucp',`reject')dnl undefine(`UUCP_RELAY')dnl undefine(`BITNET_RELAY')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST',true)dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES',true)dnl define(`MAIL_HUB',` my_exchange_server.my.domain.com.')dnl FEATURE(`stickyhost')dnl MAILER_DEFINITIONS MAILER(smtp)dnl Could someone more experienced with sendmail advice my how to reject messages to those unwanted subdomains? P.S. Mailboxes @my_other.domain.com are used only for receiving messages and never for sending.

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  • Sendmail smtp-auth issues

    - by SlackO
    I'm running into a problem with Sendmail trying to implement SMTP- auth. I"m running 8.14.5 and have saslauthd running under FreeBSD 7.0-R. I don't believe I have starttls enabled (but I also compiled a version with it and have been testing it too - same problem) - just looking for basic auth, but am wondering if my configuration is not compatible with modern mail clients? I don't think I have any certs set up. It seems an older version of Microsoft Outlook Express works fine with SMTP-auth with no problems, but Outlook 2010 won't work, and neither will Eudora (basic settings to not use encryption and use same uid/pw as pop3 account name) When trying to send mail the server reports: "550 571 Relaying Denied. Proper authentication required." Is there some config that I am missing? Why does it work with Outlook Express but not other e-mail clients? my site.config.m4 has: APPENDDEF(confENVDEF',-DSASL=2') APPENDDEF(conf_sendmail_LIBS',-lsasl2') dnl APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib/sasl2') APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib') APPENDDEF(confINCDIRS',-I/usr/local/include') My sendmail.mc has: define(ConfAUTH_OPTIONS',A') TRUST_AUTH_MECH(LOGIN PLAIN')dnl define(ConfAUTH_MECHANISMS',`LOGIN PLAIN')dnl My /usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf has: pwcheck_method: saslauthd When I restart sendmail this shows up in the logs: Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[79090]: restarting /usr/sbin/sendmail due to signal Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81145]: starting daemon (8.14.5): SMTP+queueing@00:30:00 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81147]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81148]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 testing on the cmd line: telnet localhost 587 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 xxxt ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.5/8.14.5; Fri, 15 Jun 2012 18:28:03 -0500 (CDT) ehlo localhost 250-xxxx Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-PIPELINING 250-8BITMIME 250-SIZE 250-DSN 250-AUTH GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN 250-DELIVERBY 250 HELP I am not using any certs or ssl right now - just trying to get basic auth to work. Anyone have any ideas?

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  • Postfix flow/hook reference, or high-level overview?

    - by threecheeseopera
    The Postfix MTA consists of several components/services that work together to perform the different stages of delivery and receipt of mail; these include the smtp daemon, the pickup and cleanup processes, the queue manager, the smtp service, pipe/spawn/virtual/rewrite ... and others (including the possibility of custom components). Postfix also provides several types of hooks that allow it to integrate with external software, such as policy servers, filters, bounce handlers, loggers, and authentication mechanisms; these hooks can be connected to different components/stages of the delivery process, and can communicate via (at least) IPC, network, database, several types of flat files, or a predefined protocol (e.g. milter). An old and very limited example of this is shown at this page. My question: Does anyone have access to a resource that describes these hooks, the components/delivery stages that the hook can interact with, and the supported communication methods? Or, more likely, documentation of the various Postfix components and the hooks/methods that they support? For example: Given the requirement "if the recipient primary MX server matches 'shadysmtpd', check the recipient address against a list; if there is a match, terminate the SMTP connection without notice". My software would need to 1) integrate into the proper part of the SMTP process, 2) use some method to perform the address check (TCP map server? regular expressions? mysql?), and 3) implement the required action (connection termination). Additionally, there will probably be several methods to accomplish this, and another requirement would be to find that which best fits (ex: a network server might be faster than a flat-file lookup; or, if a large volume of mail might be affected by this check, it should be performed as early in the mail process as possible). Real-world example: The apolicy policy server (performs checks on addresses according to user-defined rules) is designed as a standalone TCP server that hooks into Postfix inside the smtpd component via the directive 'check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10001' in the 'smtpd_client_restrictions' configuration option. This means that, when Postfix first receives an item of mail to be delivered, it will create a TCP connection to the policy server address:port for the purpose of determining if the client is allowed to send mail from this server (in addition to whatever other restrictions / restriction lookup methods are defined in that option); the proper action will be taken based on the server's response. Notes: 1)The Postfix architecture page describes some of this information in ascii art; what I am hoping for is distilled, condensed, reference material. 2) Please correct me if I am wrong on any level; there is a mountain of material, and I am just one man ;) Thanks!

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  • apache sendmail: trying to change user "from" address from apache to domain account

    - by Wes
    I apologize if I am asking a question already answered, but my problem isn't really that I haven't found an answer. I have, in fact, found a half-dozen different "solutions" to my problem, tried them all, in various combinations, and have been consistently unsuccessful. The goal All I want to do is change the envelope "from" address for all email sent from [email protected] to [email protected], always. What I've already done I am running Apache, PHP, and sendmail on CentOS 5.5, [email protected]. We have an SMTP server at 192.168.0.4. The domain's email accounts are all at @domain.org. I have successfully set up "smart host" using this line in the sendmail.mc file: define(`SMART_HOST', `192.168.0.4')dnl Then I set up masquerading, and was hopeful this would solve it. I have this in the .mc file: FEATURE(`masquerade_entire_domain')dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`domain.org')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`domain.org.')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain.')dnl This rewrites "to" addresses, but not "from" addresses. Testing from the command line: sendmail -v [email protected] Always is shown from the local user (in this case root, or my local user account). I had read that "sendmail" command sometimes bypasses masquerading. Nevertheless, using the "mail" command has the same result. After that, I have explored several "solutions", including: mailertable virtusertable FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl FEATURE(`genericstable')dnl /etc/mail/access file /etc/mail/local-host-names file /etc/mail/trusted-users file All to no affect. The last thing I've tried So, I decided to go in a different direction, and try to set the envelope "from" address via PHP, using either the configuration in /etc/php.ini, or adding the -f parameter to the mail() function or to sendmail command. If I run this command: sendmail -v -f [email protected] [email protected] I get this error in /var/log/maillog: Mar 30 08:56:16 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], size=5, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=user@localhost Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], [email protected] (500/502), delay=00:00:05, xdelay=00:00:03, mailer=relay, pri=30005, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=5.1.1, stat=User unknown Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: p2UCuE8x024022: DSN: User unknown Mar 30 08:56:23 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8x024022: [email protected], delay=00:00:04, xdelay=00:00:04, mailer=relay, pri=31029, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (Ok: queued as B5E2E40E0A2) Which is basically a "User unknown" 550 error. Help Please help. What do I need to change? Should I just start over in the sendmail.mc file? It has a ton of config options stuffed in it, over days of trying things. Why is changing the envelope "from" address via the command line generating a "User unknown" error?

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  • Preventing 'Reply-All' to Exchange Distribution Groups

    - by Larold
    This is another question in a short series regarding a challenging Exchange project my co-workers have been asked to implement. (I'm helping even though I'm primarily a Unix guy because I volunteered to learn powershell and implement as much of the project in code as I could.) Background: We have been asked to create many distribution groups, say about 500+. These groups will contain two types of members. (Apologies if I get these terms wrong.) One type will be internal AD users, and the other type will be external users that I create Mail Contact entries for. We have been asked to make it so that a "Reply All" is not possible to any messages sent to these groups. I don't believe that is 100% possible to enforce for the following reasons. My question is - is my following reasoning sound? If not, please feel free to educate me on if / how things can properly be implemeneted. Thanks! My reasoning on why it's impossible to prevent 100% of potential reply-all actions: An interal AD user could put the DL in their To: field. They then click the '+' to expand the group. The group contains two external mail contacts. The message is sent to everyone, including those external contacts. External user #1 decides to reply-all, and his mail goes to, at least, external user #2, which wouldn't even involve our Exchange mail relays. An internal AD user could place the DL in their Outlook To: field, then click the '+' button to expand the DL. They then fire off an email to everyone that was in the group. (But the individual addresses are listed in the 'To:' field.) Because we now have a message sent to multiple recipients in the To: field, the addresses have been "exposed", and anyone is free to reply-all, and the messages just get sent to everyone in the To: field. Even if we try to set a Reply-To: field for all of these DLs, external mail clients are not obligated to abide by it, or force users to abide by it. Are my two points above valid? (I admit, they are somewhat similar.) Am I correct to tell our leadership "It is not possible to prevent 100% of the cases where someone will want to Reply-All to these groups UNLESS we train the users sending emails to these groups that the Bcc: field is to be used at all times." I am dying for any insight or parts of the equation I'm not seeing clearly. Thank you!!!

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  • Unable to telnet out on port 25 on windows server 2008

    - by NickGPS
    Hi All, I just setup a Windows 2008 R2 server and am trying to get a basic mail server up and running so that I can send emails from my applications. I setup a virtual SMTP server in IIS6 and tried doing a local telnet to port 25, which seemed to work fine. There were no errors during this stage and I can see the mail message appear in the Queue folder. The problem is that mail never leaves the Queue folder. I then tried to telnet to a remote mail server on port 25 but couldn't connect:- telnet 209.85.227.27 25 Could not open connection to the host, on port 25: Connection failed) I checked my firewall and there is a default setting to allow all outgoing TCP traffic with no restriction. I even setup a specific rule for outgoing port 25 traffic but to no avail. I then ran a SmtpDiag.exe command .\SmtpDiag.exe [email protected] [email protected] and received the following output Searching for Exchange external DNS settings. Computer name is WIN-SERVERNAME. Failed to connect to the domain controller. Error: 8007054b Checking SOA for gmail.com. Checking external DNS servers. Checking internal DNS servers. SOA serial number match: Passed. Checking local domain records. Checking MX records using TCP: gmail.com. Checking MX records using UDP: gmail.com. Both TCP and UDP queries succeeded. Local DNS test passed. Checking remote domain records. Checking MX records using TCP: gmail.com. Checking MX records using UDP: gmail.com. Both TCP and UDP queries succeeded. Remote DNS test passed. Checking MX servers listed for [email protected]. Connecting to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [209.85.227.27] on port 25. Connecting to the server failed. Error: 10060 Failed to submit mail to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. Is there any other diagnostics I can do to figure out if it's my firewall or something else? I have removed antivirus to make sure that it wasn't causing the problem. Any ideas would be much appreciated.

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  • How to Assign a Default Signature in Outlook 2013

    - by Lori Kaufman
    If you sign most of your emails the same way, you can easily specify a default signature to automatically insert into new email messages and replies and forwards. This can be done directly in the Signature editor in Outlook 2013. We recently showed you how to create a new signature. You can also create multiple signatures for each email account and define a different default signature for each account. When you change your sending account when composing a new email message, the signature would change automatically as well. NOTE: To have a signature added automatically to new email messages and replies and forwards, you must have a default signature assigned in each email account. If you don’t want a signature in every account, you can create a signature with just a space, a full stop, dashes, or other generic characters. To assign a default signature, open Outlook and click the File tab. Click Options in the menu list on the left side of the Account Information screen. On the Outlook Options dialog box, click Mail in the list of options on the left side of the dialog box. On the Mail screen, click Signatures in the Compose messages section. To change the default signature for an email account, select the account from the E-mail account drop-down list on the top, right side of the dialog box under Choose default signature. Then, select the signature you want to use by default for New messages and for Replies/forwards from the other two drop-down lists. Click OK to accept your changes and close the dialog box. Click OK on the Outlook Options dialog box to close it. You can also access the Signatures and Stationery dialog box from the Message window for new emails and drafts. Click New Email on the Home tab or double-click an email in the Drafts folder to access the Message window. Click Signature in the Include section of the New Mail Message window and select Signatures from the drop-down menu. In the next few days, we will be covering how to use the features of the signature editor next, and then how to insert and change signatures manually, backup and restore your signatures, and modify a signature for use in plain text emails.     

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  • Spam and You

    Currently, we all get and post electronic mail just as a lot and as effortlessly as we use the telephone. In reality, e mail is from time to time a lot more favored that applying a telephone, even a ... [Author: Whinston Sparks - Computers and Internet - April 12, 2010]

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  • SB Timmy

    - by csharp-source.net
    SB Timmy is IMAP mail client for WAP/WML devices. It's written in C#/ASP.NET (works both with MS .NET Framework and Mono). Timmy handles all types of MIME (base64, quoted-printable encoded; multipart messages). It can send mail through SMTP. It's possible to download message attachments to your mobile device (like JPEG photos). Timmy is multi-language (currently english and lithuanian translations).

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  • How to import Evolution application data from home folder backup

    - by Wolter Hellmund
    I had many folders and filters and mail in general in Evolution on my previous Ubuntu install, which I thought would be available for me for I had backed up my home directory. I have copied now Evolution related folders to my new home directory, and Evolution is not showing either the folders I had or any of the filters. To be more precise, I have copied the mail folder to ~/.config/evolution/ but that hasn't changed anything, as I said.

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  • PHP Library to read incoming emails (e.g email piping) [on hold]

    - by RickM
    I'm looking for an existing PHP library that can basically read a pop3 or smpt account, or accept piped mail and then read it, giving you the option to store it, or simply 'play with it' in PHP. I've been looking around for something but I have yet to see any sort of library that can be used for this. Has anyone here had any experience doing this, and are there any libraries available that can handle incoming mail? Thanks

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  • SQL: empty string vs NULL value

    - by Jacek Prucia
    I know this subject is a bit controversial and there are a lot of various articles/opinions floating around the internet. Unfortunatelly, most of them assume the person doesn't know what the difference between NULL and empty string is. So they tell stories about surprising results with joins/aggregates and generally do a bit more advanced SQL lessons. By doing this, they absolutely miss the whole point and are therefore useless for me. So hopefully this question and all answers will move subject a bit forward. Let's suppose I have a table with personal information (name, birth, etc) where one of the columns is an email address with varchar type. We assume that for some reason some people might not want to provide an email address. When inserting such data (without email) into the table, there are two available choices: set cell to NULL or set it to empty string (''). Let's assume that I'm aware of all the technical implications of choosing one solution over another and I can create correct SQL queries for either scenario. The problem is even when both values differ on the technical level, they are exactly the same on logical level. After looking at NULL and '' I came to a single conclusion: I don't know email address of the guy. Also no matter how hard i tried, I was not able to sent an e-mail using either NULL or empty string, so apparently most SMTP servers out there agree with my logic. So i tend to use NULL where i don't know the value and consider empty string a bad thing. After some intense discussions with colleagues i came with two questions: am I right in assuming that using empty string for an unknown value is causing a database to "lie" about the facts? To be more precise: using SQL's idea of what is value and what is not, I might come to conclusion: we have e-mail address, just by finding out it is not null. But then later on, when trying to send e-mail I'll come to contradictory conclusion: no, we don't have e-mail address, that @!#$ Database must have been lying! Is there any logical scenario in which an empty string '' could be such a good carrier of important information (besides value and no value), which would be troublesome/inefficient to store by any other way (like additional column). I've seen many posts claiming that sometimes it's good to use empty string along with real values and NULLs, but so far haven't seen a scenario that would be logical (in terms of SQL/DB design). P.S. Some people will be tempted to answer, that it is just a matter of personal taste. I don't agree. To me it is a design decision with important consequences. So i'd like to see answers where opion about this is backed by some logical and/or technical reasons.

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  • The Softer Side of Customer Experience

    - by Christina McKeon
    It’s election season in the U.S., and you know what that means. It means I stop by the recycling bin in my garage before entering the house with the contents of my mailbox. A couple of weeks ago, I was doing my usual direct mail purge when I came across a piece from The Container Store®. This piece would have gone straight to the recycling bin, but the title stopped me: Learn what WE STAND FOR! Under full disclaimer, I’m probably a “frequent flier” at The Container Store. One can never be too organized! Now, back to the direct mail piece. I opened it to discover that The Container Store has taken their customer experience beyond “a shopping experience that makes you smile” to giving customers more insight and transparency into how they feel about their employees, the vendors they partner with, and the communities they live in. The direct mail piece included several employees showcasing a skill, hobby or talent with their photo and a personal note that used one word to describe what these employees believe The Container Store stands for. I do not recall the last time I read through an entire piece of direct mail. But this time, I pored over all the comments and photos.  Summer, a salesperson, believes that one word is PASSION. Thomas in distribution center inventory systems chooses the word ACTION. The list goes on to include MATCHLESS, FUN, FAMILY, LOVE, and EMPOWERMENT. The Container Store is running a contest asking you to tell them what nonprofit organization you stand for. Anyone can submit their favorite nonprofit to win cash, products and services from The Container Store. Don’t forget about the softer side of customer experience. With many organizations working feverishly to transform their business into being more customer-centric, it’s easy to get caught up in processes and technology. Focusing on people and social responsibility often falls behind and becomes a lower priority. Keeping people and social responsibility at the forefront is crucial. Your customers will use your processes and technology, but they will see or hear your people and feel their passion. The latter is what they will remember most about your brand. I’m sure there are many other great examples of the softer side of customer experience. Please share your examples in the comments section.

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  • core.* files eating up server space (~50MB)

    - by skytreader
    I'm renting server space from someone and, upon logging in my control panel after quite sometime, noticed an abnormal spike (~50MB) in the disk usage. Upon investigating, I found a lot of core.* files scattered around my public_html directory. Each one is more than 5MB in size but no more than 6MB. The * part is all numbers (in programming regex, that should be core\.\d+). I downloaded one and checked the contents. There was a lot of balderdash characters (NUL mostly, but also a scattering of ETB, ETX, STX) but there's this block of readable text which says: This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not a real message. It is created automatically by the mail system software. If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created with the data reset to initial values. Pretty self-explanatory. A few blocks above the text are some more readable messages that look like logs but is sandwiched in between non printable characters. I've extracted some below. Scan not valid for mh mailboxes Bogus character 0x%x in news state Can't rewrite news state %.80s Error closing backup news state %.80s No state for newsgroup %.80s found Now, a few concerns: Am I under attack? The messages seem to be about my webmail but I don't use my personal webmail that much---only for a vanity email address and an inbox for an outdated comments system. However, lately, I seem to notice a spike in the spam for my vanity mail. (Note: the comments system is covered by a captcha but every now and then some get through. My vanity email has a spam filter but it isn't as good as I'd like). Next, if this is a feature, can I turn it off? Is it advisable to? I've only 150MB so you see why I'm fretting over a 50MB spike. Some final details: my only server-side scripts are in PHP. The directory which accumulated the most number of these core files is the one containing the Wordpress-managed subdomain of my site. I manage my server through CPanel. Lastly, I decided to delete this files and after some checking nothing seems amiss in my websites nor in my mail. They are indeed the ones responsible for the ~50MB spike as my disk space usage is back to expected.

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