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• Cisco ASA: How to route PPPoE-assigned subnet?

  - by Martijn Heemels

  We've just received a fiber uplink, and I'm trying to configure our Cisco ASA 5505 to properly use it. The provider requires us to connect via PPPoE, and I managed to configure the ASA as a PPPoE client and establish a connection. The ASA is assigned an IP address by PPPoE, and I can ping out from the ASA to the internet, but I should have access to an entire /28 subnet. I can't figure out how to get that subnet configured on the ASA, so that I can route or NAT the available public addresses to various internal hosts. My assigned range is: 188.xx.xx.176/28 The address I get via PPPoE is 188.xx.xx.177/32, which according to our provider is our Default Gateway address. They claim the subnet is correctly routed to us on their side. How does the ASA know which range it is responsible for on the Fiber interface? How do I use the addresses from my range? To clarify my config; The ASA is currently configured to default-route to our ADSL uplink on port Ethernet0/0 (interface vlan2, nicknamed Outside). The fiber is connected to port Ethernet0/2 (interface vlan50, nicknamed Fiber) so I can configure and test it before making it the default route. Once I'm clear on how to set it all up, I'll fully replace the Outside interface with Fiber. My config (rather long): : Saved : ASA Version 8.3(2)4 ! hostname gw domain-name example.com enable password ****** encrypted passwd ****** encrypted names name 10.10.1.0 Inside-dhcp-network description Desktops and clients that receive their IP via DHCP name 10.10.0.208 svn.example.com description Subversion server name 10.10.0.205 marvin.example.com description LAMP development server name 10.10.0.206 dns.example.com description DNS, DHCP, NTP ! interface Vlan2 description Old ADSL WAN connection nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan10 description LAN vlan 10 Regular LAN traffic nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.10.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan11 description LAN vlan 11 Lab/test traffic nameif lab security-level 90 ip address 10.11.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan20 description LAN vlan 20 ISCSI traffic nameif iscsi security-level 100 ip address 10.20.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan30 description LAN vlan 30 DMZ traffic nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 10.30.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan40 description LAN vlan 40 Guests access to the internet nameif guests security-level 50 ip address 10.40.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan50 description New WAN Corporate Internet over fiber nameif fiber security-level 0 pppoe client vpdn group KPN ip address pppoe ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 speed 100 duplex full ! interface Ethernet0/1 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,11,30,40 switchport trunk native vlan 10 switchport mode trunk ! interface Ethernet0/2 switchport access vlan 50 speed 100 duplex full ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 switchport access vlan 20 ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! boot system disk0:/asa832-4-k8.bin ftp mode passive clock timezone CEST 1 clock summer-time CEDT recurring last Sun Mar 2:00 last Sun Oct 3:00 dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server dns.example.com domain-name example.com same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object network inside-net subnet 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network svn.example.com host 10.10.0.208 object network marvin.example.com host 10.10.0.205 object network lab-net subnet 10.11.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network dmz-net subnet 10.30.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network guests-net subnet 10.40.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network dhcp-subnet subnet 10.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 description DHCP assigned addresses on Vlan 10 object network Inside-vpnpool description Pool of assignable addresses for VPN clients object network vpn-subnet subnet 10.10.3.0 255.255.255.0 description Address pool assignable to VPN clients object network dns.example.com host 10.10.0.206 description DNS, DHCP, NTP object-group service iscsi tcp description iscsi storage traffic port-object eq 3260 access-list outside_access_in remark Allow access from outside to HTTP on svn. access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any object svn.example.com eq www access-list Insiders!_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 access-list iscsi_access_in remark Prevent disruption of iscsi traffic from outside the iscsi vlan. access-list iscsi_access_in extended deny tcp any interface iscsi object-group iscsi log warnings ! snmp-map DenyV1 deny version 1 ! pager lines 24 logging enable logging timestamp logging asdm-buffer-size 512 logging monitor warnings logging buffered warnings logging history critical logging asdm errors logging flash-bufferwrap logging flash-minimum-free 4000 logging flash-maximum-allocation 2000 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu lab 1500 mtu iscsi 9000 mtu dmz 1500 mtu guests 1500 mtu fiber 1492 ip local pool DHCP_VPN 10.10.3.1-10.10.3.20 mask 255.255.0.0 ip verify reverse-path interface outside no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 10 burst-size 5 asdm image disk0:/asdm-635.bin asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-subnet vpn-subnet ! object network inside-net nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface object network svn.example.com nat (inside,outside) static interface service tcp www www object network lab-net nat (lab,outside) dynamic interface object network dmz-net nat (dmz,outside) dynamic interface object network guests-net nat (guests,outside) dynamic interface access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group iscsi_access_in in interface iscsi route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa-server SBS2003 protocol radius aaa-server SBS2003 (inside) host 10.10.0.204 timeout 5 key ***** aaa authentication enable console SBS2003 LOCAL aaa authentication ssh console SBS2003 LOCAL aaa authentication telnet console SBS2003 LOCAL http server enable http 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside snmp-server host inside 10.10.0.207 community ***** version 2c snmp-server location Server room snmp-server contact [email protected] snmp-server community ***** snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart snmp-server enable traps syslog crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs group5 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside telnet timeout 5 ssh scopy enable ssh 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside ssh timeout 5 ssh version 2 console timeout 30 management-access inside vpdn group KPN request dialout pppoe vpdn group KPN localname INSIDERS vpdn group KPN ppp authentication pap vpdn username INSIDERS password ***** store-local dhcpd address 10.40.1.0-10.40.1.100 guests dhcpd dns 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 interface guests dhcpd update dns interface guests dhcpd enable guests ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection scanning-threat threat-detection statistics host number-of-rate 2 threat-detection statistics port number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics protocol number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics access-list threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept rate-interval 30 burst-rate 400 average-rate 200 ntp server dns.example.com source inside prefer webvpn group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec group-policy Insiders! internal group-policy Insiders! attributes wins-server value 10.10.0.205 dns-server value 10.10.0.206 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value Insiders!_splitTunnelAcl default-domain value example.com username martijn password ****** encrypted privilege 15 username marcel password ****** encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group Insiders! type remote-access tunnel-group Insiders! general-attributes address-pool DHCP_VPN authentication-server-group SBS2003 LOCAL default-group-policy Insiders! tunnel-group Insiders! ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** ! class-map global-class match default-inspection-traffic class-map type inspect http match-all asdm_medium_security_methods match not request method head match not request method post match not request method get ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map type inspect http http_inspection_policy parameters protocol-violation action drop-connection policy-map global-policy class global-class inspect dns inspect esmtp inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect http inspect icmp inspect icmp error inspect mgcp inspect netbios inspect pptp inspect rtsp inspect snmp DenyV1 ! service-policy global-policy global smtp-server 123.123.123.123 prompt hostname context call-home profile CiscoTAC-1 no active destination address http https://tools.cisco.com/its/service/oddce/services/DDCEService destination address email [email protected] destination transport-method http subscribe-to-alert-group diagnostic subscribe-to-alert-group environment subscribe-to-alert-group inventory periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group configuration periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group telemetry periodic daily hpm topN enable Cryptochecksum:a76bbcf8b19019771c6d3eeecb95c1ca : end asdm image disk0:/asdm-635.bin asdm location svn.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm location marvin.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm location dns.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm history enable

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• Rails 3 passenger nginx application spawner server error on Synology NAS

  - by peresleguine

  Question updated, please read UPD2. I'm trying to deploy app through passenger nginx module on DS710+ (ruby 1.9.2p0 installed). There is syntax error relative to has_and_belongs_to_many_association.rb file. Please look at the screenshot(deleted, question updated). I'm pretty sure the problem isn't in library file. App is running good via webrick. Could you please advise what to look for? UPD1 ruby -v ruby 1.9.2p0 (2010-08-18 revision 29036) [i686-linux] gem list -d passenger *** LOCAL GEMS *** passenger (3.0.6) Author: Phusion - http://www.phusion.nl/ Rubyforge: http://rubyforge.org/projects/passenger Homepage: http://www.modrails.com/ Installed at: /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1 Easy and robust Ruby web application deployment UPD2 I've decided to reinstall everything. It solved previous problem but caused another one. The error is: The application spawner server exited unexpectedly: Unexpected end-of-file detected. Here is screenshot. New output: ruby -v ruby 1.9.2p180 (2011-02-18 revision 30909) [x86_64-linux] gem list -d passenger *** LOCAL GEMS *** passenger (3.0.7) Author: Phusion - http://www.phusion.nl/ Rubyforge: http://rubyforge.org/projects/passenger Homepage: http://www.modrails.com/ Installed at: /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1 Nginx error.log: [ pid=5653 thr=32771 file=ext/common/Watchdog.cpp:128 time=2011-04-20 14:08:34.505 ]: waitpid() on Phusion Passenger helper agent return -1 with errno = ECHILD, falling back to kill polling [ pid=5654 thr=49156 file=ext/common/Watchdog.cpp:128 time=2011-04-20 14:08:34.506 ]: waitpid() on Phusion Passenger logging agent return -1 with errno = ECHILD, falling back to kill polling 2011/04/20 14:12:33 [notice] 7614#0: signal process started

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• Linux (DUP!) ping packages

  - by Darkmage

  i cant seem t figure out what is going on here. The Linux machine I am using is running as a VM on a Win7 machine using Virtual Box running as a service. If i ping the win7 Host i get ok result. root@Virtual-Box:/home/glennwiz# ping -c 100000 -s 10 -i 0.02 192.168.1.100 PING 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100) 10(38) bytes of data. 18 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=1.78 ms 18 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.68 ms if i ping localhost im ok root@Virtual-Box:/home/glennwiz# ping -c 100000 -s 10 -i 0.02 localhost PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 10(38) bytes of data. 18 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms 18 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.221 ms but if i ping gateway i get DUP packets root@Virtual-Box:/home/glennwiz# ping -c 100000 -s 10 -i 0.02 192.168.1.1 PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 10(38) bytes of data. 18 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.27 ms 18 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.46 ms (DUP!) 18 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=22.1 ms 18 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=22.4 ms (DUP!) if i ping other machine on same LAN i stil get dups. pinging remote hosts also gives (DUP!) result root@Virtual-Box:/home/glennwiz# ping -c 100000 -s 10 -i 0.02 www.vg.no PING www.vg.no (195.88.55.16) 10(38) bytes of data. 18 bytes from www.vg.no (195.88.55.16): icmp_seq=1 ttl=245 time=10.0 ms 18 bytes from www.vg.no (195.88.55.16): icmp_seq=1 ttl=245 time=10.3 ms (DUP!) 18 bytes from www.vg.no (195.88.55.16): icmp_seq=2 ttl=245 time=10.3 ms 18 bytes from www.vg.no (195.88.55.16): icmp_seq=2 ttl=245 time=10.6 ms (DUP!)

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• OpenVPN Client timing out

  - by Austin

  I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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• Windows 7 machine, can't connect remotely until after ping

  - by rjohnston

  I have a Windows 7 (Home Premium) machine that doubles as a media centre and subversion server. There's a couple of problems with this setup, when connecting to the server from an XP (SP3) machine: Firstly, the machine won't respond to it's machine name until after it's IP address has been pinged. Here's an example: Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping damascus Ping request could not find host damascus. Please check the name and try again. C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping 192.168.1.17 Pinging 192.168.1.17 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.17: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=128 ... Ping statistics for 192.168.1.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping damascus Pinging damascus [192.168.1.17] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.17: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 .... Ping statistics for 192.168.1.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms C:\Documents and Settings\Rob> Likewise, subversion commands with either the machine name or IP address will fail until the machine's IP address is pinged. Occasionally, the machine won't respond to pings on it's IP address, it'll just come back with "Request timed out". The svn server is VisualSVN, if that helps... Any ideas?

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• Postfix 554 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied

  - by Matt

  So i am trying to set postfix up and I am running into some problems.....here is my files vim /etc/postfix/main.cf relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 smtp_connection_cache_destinations = smtp.gmail.com smtp_sasl_auth_enable=yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom smtp_tls_CAfile= /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_scert_verifydepth = 9 append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no myhostname = maggie.deliverypath.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = maggie.deliverypath.com, localhost.deliverypath.com, , localhost mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all I also have the gmail password info vim /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd gmail-smtp.l.google.com [email protected]:somepass smtp.gmail.com [email protected]:somepass then I try to follow this article and i get this output telnet mail.demoslice.com 25 Trying 67.207.128.80... Connected to www.slicehost.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 www.slicehost.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) HELO test.demoslice.com 250 www.slicehost.com MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 250 Ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 554 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied its started service postfix start * Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent postfix ...done. then the screen gets frozen and i cant do anything....any ideas

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• postfix smtpd rejecting mail from outside network match_list_match: no match

  - by Loopo

  My postfix (V: 2.5.5-1.1) running on ubuntu server (9.04) started to reject mail arriving in from outside about 2 weeks ago. Doing a "manual" session via telnet shows that the connection is always closed after the MAIL FROM: [email protected] line is input, with the message "Connection closed by foreign host." Doing the same from another client inside the LAN works fine. In the log files I get the line "lost connection after MAIL from xxxxx.tld[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]" This is after some lines like: match_hostaddr: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX ~? [::1]/128 match_hostname: XXXX.tld ~? 192.168.1.0/24 ... match_list_match: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: no match which seem to suggest some kind of filter which checks for allowed addresses. I have been unable to locate where this filter lives, or how to turn it off. I'm not even sure if that's what's causing my problem. Connections from inside the LAN don't get disconnected even though they also show a "match_list_match: ... no match" line. I didn't change any configuration files recently, below is my main.cf as it currently stands. I don't really know what all the parameters do and how they interact. I just set it up initially and it worked fine (up to recently). smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (GNU) biff = no readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/server.crt smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/server.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no smtp_use_tls=no smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/smtp_auth myhostname = XXXXXXX.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = XXXX.XXXX.com, XXXX.com, localhost.XXXXX.com, localhost relayhost = XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 192.168.1.0/24 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all smtpd_sasl_local_domain = #smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_ when checking the process list, postfix/smtpd runs as smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -c -o stress -v -v Any clues?

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• Spammer relaying via Postfix mail server

  - by Paddington

  I have a Plesk 9.5 mail server (cm.snowbarre.co.za) on Ubuntu 8.04 LTS which forwards all SMTP traffic to an anti-spam server cacti.snowbarre.co.za. Many times I see the headers on the anti-spam server to contain from addresses not hosted on the mail server and I have checked and confirmed that my server is not an open relay server. How can a spammer be using my server to relay spam traffic? How can I stop this? Open relay test: paddington@paddington-MS-7387:~$ telnet cm 25 Trying 196.201.x.x... Connected to cm. Escape character is '^]'. 220 cm.snowbarre.co.za ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) mail from:[email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt:[email protected] 221 2.7.0 Error: I can break rules, too. Goodbye. Connection closed by foreign host. paddington@paddington-MS-7387:~$ A typical headers is: *Received from cm.snowbarre.co.za (cm.snowbarre.co.za[196.201.x.x]) by cacti.snowbarre.co.za (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 00B601881AD; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 14:03:29 +0200 (SAST) Received from cm.snowbarre.co.za (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by cm.snowbarre.co.za (Postfix) with ESMTP id 81627367E007; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 14:02:50 +0200 (SAST) Received from User (ml82.128.x.x.multilinksg.com [82.128.x.x]) by cm.snowbarre.co.za (Postfix) with ESMTP; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 14:02:49 +0200 (SAST) Reply-To <[email protected]> From "Ms Nkeuri Aguiyi"<[email protected]> Subject Your Unpaid Fund. Date Mon, 27 Aug 2012 05:03:22 -0700 MIME-Version 1.0 Content-Type text/html; charset="Windows-1251" Content-Transfer-Encoding 7bit X-Priority 3 X-MSMail-Priority Normal X-Mailer Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 X-Antivirus avast! (VPS 120821-0, 08/21/2012), Outbound message X-Antivirus-Status Clean Message-Id <[email protected]> To undisclosed-recipients:;*

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• Are same IP address with different submask unique?

  - by xEnOn

  In a same block of IPv4 addresses, can there be same IPs with different submasks? For example, can I have this: 180.70.65.140/26 180.70.65.140/25 180.70.65.140/24 All the 3 addresses above have the same numbers but different subnet mask. Are all the 3 addresses distinct of their own? In other words, 180.70.65.140/25 belongs to User A, 180.70.65.140/25 belongs to User B and 180.70.65.140/24 belongs to User C? After applying the submask, their network addresses look like this: 180.70.65.140/26 --> 180.70.65.128/26 180.70.65.140/25 --> 180.70.65.128/25 180.70.65.140/24 --> 180.70.65.0/24 If the addresses are recognised uniquely, how is it so? How would each of the these addresses being recognised to be unique? I am thinking like once I have 180.70.65.140/26, I can't reuse the same numbers of 180.70.65.140 again but since classless is meant to increase the number of IP addresses, it would do much if I can't reuse.

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• What does "cpuid level" means ? Asking just for curiosity

  - by ogzylz

  For example, I put just 2 core info of a 16 core machine. What does "cpuid level : 6" line means? If u can provide info about lines "bogomips : 5992.10" and "clflush size : 64" I will be appreciated ------------- processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 6 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz stepping : 8 cpu MHz : 2992.689 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 6 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm bogomips : 5992.10 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 128 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 6 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz stepping : 8 cpu MHz : 2992.689 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 1 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 6 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm bogomips : 5985.23 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 128 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:

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• Java VM problem in OpenVZ

  - by Ginnun

  Hi, I bought a vps for hosting my java needs. But I can't run java on it. Everything about java is correctly installed but when I try to run java ("java -version" forexample) I get this error : Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap Could not create the Java virtual machine. I don't think this is a java centered problem, Out of memory for sure. I contacted the vps admin, but he says everything is fine, you have 2gb ram, expandable to 4gb! I did a bit search on the subject, here is my BEANS file (numbers converted to humanredable form using a script). By the way do JVM heap memory allocs count on kmemsize or privvmpages ? How much ram does that configuration allows me to allocate with jvm for a single process? resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt kmemsize 2.25 mb 2.35 mb 13.71 mb 14.10 mb 0 lockedpages 0 0 1024.00 kb 1024.00 kb 0 privvmpages 20.54 mb 21.33 mb 256.00 mb 272.00 mb 156 shmpages 5.00 mb 5.00 mb 84.00 mb 84.00 mb 0 numproc 13 14 240 240 0 physpages 9.36 mb 9.45 mb 0 MAX_ULONG 0 vmguarpages 0 0 132.00 mb MAX_ULONG 0 oomguarpages 9.36 mb 9.45 mb MAX_ULONG MAX_ULONG 0 numtcpsock 3 3 360 360 0 numflock 3 3 188 206 0 numpty 2 2 16 16 0 numsiginfo 0 1 256 256 0 tcpsndbuf 69.17 kb 69.17 kb 1.64 mb 2.58 mb 0 tcprcvbuf 48.00 kb 48.00 kb 1.64 mb 2.58 mb 0 othersockbuf 6.80 kb 6.80 kb 1.07 mb 2.00 mb 0 dgramrcvbuf 0.00 kb 0.00 kb 256.00 kb 256.00 kb 0 numothersock 9 10 360 360 0 dcachesize 0.00 kb 0.00 kb 3.25 mb 3.46 mb 0 numfile 704 746 9312 9312 0 numiptent 10 10 128 128 0 Thanks in advance!

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• How does Windows 7 DNS client work?

  - by Mark Allison

  I am using a local DHCP and DNS server on my home network on a linux machine. It is running CentOS 6.3 with dnsmasq 2.48. It's all working fine except for local DNS lookups for Windows machines only. I have a mix of Ubuntu, CentOS and Windows machines on the network, some virtual, some physical. I have a machine called boron and the domain is called localdomain If I ping boron from any linux machine, I get [root@lithium lists]# ping -c3 boron PING boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.740 ms 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.478 ms 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms --- boron.localdomain ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.458/0.558/0.740/0.131 ms If I do it from my Windows 7 machine, I get: Ping request could not find host boron. Please check the name and try again. If I try ping boron.localdomain I get: Pinging boron.localdomain [67.215.65.132] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=188ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=57 Ping statistics for 67.215.65.132: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 14ms, Maximum = 188ms, Average = 58ms which is clearly wrong. Why is it going out to the internet? Why can't my windows machine resolve the boron hostname to a FQDN? My Windows machines and linux machines get their network config from DHCP. UPDATE If I do ipconfig /all in Windows, it looks as I would expect: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : lanthanum Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : .localdomain Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : .localdomain Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 50-E5-49-38-FC-A2 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.57(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 23 August 2012 13:58:45 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 24 August 2012 07:58:48 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled When I do an nslookup I get: Server: carbon.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.6 *** carbon.localdomain can't find boron: Unspecified error However if I do ifconfig -a in Linux I get: [root@nitrogen ~]# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AF:EC:2A inet addr:10.0.0.7 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:187687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:23910700 (22.8 MiB) TX bytes:712964 (696.2 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:329894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:329894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:67153143 (64.0 MiB) TX bytes:67153143 (64.0 MiB) and nslookup: [root@nitrogen ~]# nslookup boron Server: 10.0.0.6 Address: 10.0.0.6#53 Name: boron Address: 10.0.0.5 Both machines are on the same network using the same DHCP server. UPDATE 2 I thought the issue was resolved but I am getting intermittent DNS resolving issues but only on my Windows 7 machine. All my linux boxes are fine. This is what happens when I ping and nslookup from Windows to a Windows 2008 Server: C:\Users\mark>nslookup magnesium Server: carbon.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.6 Name: magnesium.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.12 C:\Users\mark>ping magnesium Pinging magnesium.localdomain [67.215.65.132] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=267ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=162ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=510ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=146ms TTL=57 Ping statistics for 67.215.65.132: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 146ms, Maximum = 510ms, Average = 271ms And from Linux: [root@beryllium ~]# ping -c4 magnesium PING magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.176 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.634 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.685 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.263 ms --- magnesium.localdomain ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.176/0.439/0.685/0.223 ms [root@beryllium ~]# nslookup magnesium Server: 10.0.0.6 Address: 10.0.0.6#53 Name: magnesium.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.12 UPDATE 3 I stopped the Windows DNS client on my Windows 7 machine with net stop dnscache and it is now working fine. It would be nice to get DNS working with the DNS client on, but I might be OK without it, what do you think?

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• IIS SSL is taking all IPs although it is told not to

  - by Martin Sall

  I have a testing system where IIS Express on Windows 7 SSL website has to live together with Cerberus FTP server SSL website (Cerberus FTP has a built-in web server for HTTP uploads). I have set up Windows to use two IPs from my router 192.168.1.128 (for IIS SSL Web Site, using a self-generated SSL certificate for now) 192.168.1.129 (for Cerberus FTP built-in SSL Web Site) In IIS I have set web site binding to use only the IP 192.168.1.128. But still when I launch Cerberus, it says - cannot bind 192.168.1.129:443. I tested in Firefox - indeed, when I go to 192.168.1.129 (or even localhost), I do not get “Unable to connect“ page as expected, but “The connection was reset” instead. IIS is still occupying those IPs, although it is not serving the website on those IPs. When I stop the IIS website, Cerberus FTP Website launches without problems. But then I cannot launch IIS web site, it tells - "The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process". Why is IIS SSL web site still occupying all IPs?

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• Postfix: How do I Make Email Aliases Work?

  - by Nick

  The documentation claims that I can add aliases in a file (like /etc/postfix/virtusertable) and then use the "virtual_maps" directive to point to it. This does not appear to be working, however. My mail is bouncing with: Recipient address rejected: User unknown in local recipient table; If I mail the user from the server using the mail command, it works. mail myuser The message goes through postfix and inserts itself in the Cyrus inbox correctly. When I use fetchmail to get the user's messages off a pop3 server, postfix fails. The user's email is "[email protected]", but it doesn't seem to be mapping correctly to "myuser", the cyrus mailbox name. /etc/postfix/main.cf myhostname = localhost alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/run/cyrus/socket/lmtp #lmtp:unix:/var/run/lmtp virtual_alias_domains = mydomain.com virtual_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtusertable /etc/fetchmailrc et syslog; set daemon 20; poll "mail.pop3server.com" with protocol pop3 user "[email protected]" password "12345" is "myuser" fetchall keep /etc/postfix/virtusertable [email protected] myuser postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/run/cyrus/socket/lmtp mydestination = localhost myhostname = localhost mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes virtual_alias_domains = mydomain.com Why is it ignoring my alias?

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• smtpd_helo_restrictions = ..., reject_unknown_helo_hostname occasionally rejects mail I care about, how to handle?

  - by lkraav

  I have configured my postfix as follows: smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_helo_hostname This is working well because most spambots don't seem to have correct reverse lookups. But every once in a while I run into mail I care about getting reject, because the mail source server admin doesn't care about configuring his server correctly. For example here the server introduces itself as "srv1.xbmc.org" which has no DNS record and fails my basic check. Jan 6 04:42:36 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: connect from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242] Jan 6 04:42:37 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242]: 450 4.7.1 <srv1.xbmc.org>: Helo command rejected: Host not found; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<srv1.xbmc.org> I have tried to contact the server admin several times, but there is no response. What is the optimal way to handle this from my side? Is adding these "special" hosts to mynetworks = my only option? Is perhaps my whole smtpd_helo_restrictions setup wrong in some significant way?

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• Window 7 Host does not answer to ping

  - by gencha

  Today I tried printing on a shared printer on one of our homegroup members. Sadly it did not work (printer marked as offline). Shortly after, I noticed I can't even ping the machine that owns the printer (I also can not remotely access it in any other way I've tried). Currently I'm trying to ping the machine from the router both computers are connected to (and my machine in question doesn't answer). I do receive the echo requests (as verified with WireShark). I also added a rule in the Windows Firewall to specifically allow ICMP echo requests, but that didn't change anything. I also tried netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8 enable, but that didn't change anything either. Completely disabling the Windows Firewall has no effect on the issue either. One has to wonder, where does Windows log when and why it ignored any incoming packets? How can I get to the bottom of this? Here are some ways I found to dig deeper into the issue: Enabling logging on the Windows Firewall Enabling Windows Filtering Platform Auditing Both methods at least give more insight into the issue. The plain log file is full of entries like this: 2011-11-11 14:35:27 DROP ICMP 192.168.133.1 192.168.133.128 - - 84 - - - - 8 0 - RECEIVE So the ICMP packets are being dropped as if that was intended. The Event Viewer now gives a little bit more details: The Windows Filtering Platform has blocked a packet. Application Information: Process ID: 4 Application Name: System Network Information: Direction: Inbound Source Address: 192.168.133.1 Source Port: 0 Destination Address: 192.168.133.128 Destination Port: 8 Protocol: 1 Filter Information: Filter Run-Time ID: 214517 Layer Name: Receive/Accept Layer Run-Time ID: 44 This same entry is always repeated with 2 points of information changing: Process ID: 420 Application Name: \device\harddiskvolume2\windows\system32\svchost.exe The service host with the PID 420 is the host for the following services: Windows Audio DHCP Client Windows Event Log HomeGroup Provider TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper Security Center Additionally, there is currently this problem with the same machine: Even though my network is set to be a "Home network", I am unable to create a new homegroup.

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• Can I use a Windows Server 2003 Domain Controller but my home router for DNS?

  - by NetworkingWannabie

  Hi All Probably easiest to start with a description of my current setup, which works (oh, and this is a home setup not an office or anything): I have an ADSL modem with a static IP address (192.168.128.1), and its DHCP capability is disabled. I have a permanently powered up Windows Server 2003 machine with a fixed IP (192.168.128.2) which provides my domain controller, dhcp, and dns. The default gateway for everything is my ADSL modem everything is setup to use the WS2003 machine as the primary DNS with the ADSL modem as Secondary DNS just in case the server goes down (everything includes the server itself). Lastly, just in case it's relevant, I have my DHCP leases set to infinite (or whatever the right term is). Everything is pretty hunky dory. Except, that is, for the fact that my server is ALWAYS on, and it isn't always used, so I'm burning juice that I don't need to - my server burns around 120W which isn't immense but isn't irrelevant either, so I'd like to put it into a stand-by state when it isn't being used (the more standby the better) and then get the clients to wake it up. Am I correct in assuming that this won't work at the moment - A given client would need an IP address to wake the machine up, and it needs to machine to be awake to get an IP - catch 22? Assuming I'm correct, can I move to using my router (which is always on) for DHCP? What impact will this have on DC and DNS? Alternatively, does anyone have a better way for me to achieve this? Can I get the server to wake up when it sees clients look for a DHCP server, etc? Wow, that came out longer than expected! Thanks for your help.

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• When connecting to PPTP Centos via Windows 7 VPN, I get error 2147943625

  - by Charlie Dyason

  The remote computer refused the network connection. phrase has been my arch enemy for the past week now I recently "bought" a VPS server, I gave up trying to configure it with OpenVPN, all the issues were making me lose my mind, so I tried the easier way with pptp, but i figure, both are leading to a dead end... I followed this post (many others too but this is the unlucky one), http://blog.secaserver.com/2011/10/install-vpn-pptp-server-centos-6/ and it all goes well with the setup, however, I run into this error when connecting to the VPN in Windows 7 here is a pic of the error: Image So I do not know what I have done wrong... When connecting, Code: Select all netstat -apn | grep -w 1723 before connecting: netstat -apn |grep -w 1723 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1723 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1137/pptpd after the error came I tried again: netstat -apn |grep -w 1723 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1723 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1137/pptpd tcp 0 0 41.185.26.238:1723 41.13.212.47:49607 TIME_WAIT - iptables: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Fri Nov 1 18:14:53 2013 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [63:8868] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p gre -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i ppp+ -o eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o ppp+ -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Fri Nov 1 18:14:53 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Fri Nov 1 18:14:53 2013 *nat : PREROUTING ACCEPT [96:12732] : POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] : OUTPUT ACCEPT [31:2179] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Fri Nov 1 18:14:53 2013 options.pptpd the only changes was the require-mppe # BSD licensed ppp-2.4.2 upstream with MPPE only, kernel module ppp_mppe.o # {{{ refuse-pap refuse-chap refuse-mschap # Require the peer to authenticate itself using MS-CHAPv2 [Microsoft # Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, Version 2] authentication. require-mschap-v2 require-mppe # Require MPPE 128-bit encryption # (note that MPPE requires the use of MSCHAP-V2 during authentication) require-mppe-128 # }}} I check the iptables, everything is normal, all INPUTs, etc are before rejects, username and password I also checked in chap-secrets file, I am really puzzled...

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• Translating debian network configuration to gentoo

  - by thpetrus

  I just got rid off Debian on my VPS (OpenVZ) and installed Gentoo on it, however it is a plain Gentoo image without further configuration, i.e. no working network. I'm not familiar with Debian and coulnd't figure out how to get the network set up, these are the debian network files /etc/network/interfaces: auto venet0 iface venet0 inet manual up ifconfig venet0 up up ifconfig venet0 127.0.0.2 up route add default dev venet0 down route del default dev venet0 down ifconfig venet0 down iface venet0 inet6 manual up ifconfig venet0 add ipv6addr/128 down ifconfig venet0 del ipv6addr/128 up route -A inet6 add default dev venet0 down route -A inet6 del default dev venet0 auto venet0:0 iface venet0:0 inet static address external_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 auto venet0:1 iface venet0:1 inet static address internal_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 Please note that external_ip, internal_ip and ipv6addr are placeholders. I copied the /etc/resolv.conf, know the gateway_ip and also have another ouput of ifconfig, if necessary. This is what I came up with, /etc/conf.d/net: config_venet0="127.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" config_venet0:0="external_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" route_venet0:0="default via gateway_ip" config_venet0:1="internal_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" Broadcast IP is taken from ifconfig debian output - however it doesn't work. A symbolic link net.venet0:0 -> net.lo in /etc/init.d/ was created and I added net.venet0:0 to the boot runlevel.

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• ffmpeg - h264 to xvid creates large file

  - by fatnic

  I'm trying to use ffmpeg to convert a h264/aac video file to an xvid/mp3 file so I can play it in my ultra-cheap media player. At the moment the converted video file is TWICE the size of the original mp4. Is there any way to get a smaller file size without loosing too much quality? Even a drop to -qmin 1 is pretty awful! The command i'm using is ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libxvid -sameq -acodec libmp3lame -ab 128k -ac 2 output.avi And the ffmpeg output is Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.mp4' Metadata: major_brand : isom minor_version : 1 compatible_brands: isomavc1 Duration: 01:34:27.69, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1520 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264, yuv420p, 720x304 [PAR 1:1 DAR 45:19], 1387 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25k tbn, 50 tbc Stream #0.1(und): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Output #0, avi, to 'output.avi': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf52.64.2 Stream #0.0(und): Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 720x304 [PAR 1:1 DAR 45:19], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0.1(und): Audio: libmp3lame, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1

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• What is the ip range of EC2

  - by Nicolas Kassis

  I'd like to setup a rule to block ssh request from EC2 since I've been seeing a large amount of ssh based attack from there and was wondering if anyone knew what their IP ranges are. EDIT: Thank you for the answer, I went ahead and implemented the iptables rules as follow. I ignore all traffic for the moment. Logging it just to see if the rules are working and for stats on how much crap EC2 is sending out ;) #EC2 Blacklist $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j DROP

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• Only tunnel certain applications via OpenVPN

  - by jinjin

  Hi, I've purchased a VPN solution, it works correctly when I have "redirect-gateway def1" in the configuration file (routing all traffic through the VPN). However when I remove that line from the configuration file, I am still able to ping-out of the machine (ping -I tap0), however I cannot ping the IP assigned to the machine (it's a public ip), i get the error: Destination Host Unreachable. I only want to have certain applications sending traffic through the VPN tunnel (eg: ZNC, irssi), all of which i can select which IP they use. However they can't recieve any data, making the tunnel essentially useless to me when disabling redirect-gateway. Any ideas on how to allow specific applications use the tunnel, without of forcing everything to go through it? My configuration file is as follows: dev tap remote #.#.#.# float #.#.#.# port 5129 comp-lzo ifconfig #.#.#.# 255.255.255.128 route-gateway #.#.#.# #redirect-gateway def1 secret key.txt cipher AES-128-CBC The output of ifconfig -a when the tunnel is connected: tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ff:47:d3:6d:f3 inet addr:#.#.#.# Bcast:#.#.#.# Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: <snip> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:25704 (25.1 KiB) TX bytes:6427 (6.2 KiB) EDIT: the Bcast:#.#.#.# (ifconfig) is different from route-gateway #.#.#.# (openvpn) if that makes any difference.

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• squid bypass for a domain

  - by krisdigitx

  i am using squid with adzap, it possible that squid/adzap does not cache for a particluar domain eg. cnn.com this is my squid.conf file # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 #acl localhost src ::1/128 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 #acl to_localhost dst ::1/128 # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt to list your (internal) IP networks from where browsing # should be allowed acl localnet src 192.168.1.0/24 acl localnet src 192.168.2.0/24 acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Recommended minimum Access Permission configuration: # # Only allow cachemgr access from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny requests to certain unsafe ports http_access deny !Safe_ports # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports # We strongly recommend the following be uncommented to protect innocent # web applications running on the proxy server who think the only # one who can access services on "localhost" is a local user #http_access deny to_localhost # # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt localnet in the ACL section to list your (internal) IP networks # from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost # And finally deny all other access to this proxy http_access deny all # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port xxx.xxx.xxx.yyy:3128 transparent visible_hostname proxyserver.local # We recommend you to use at least the following line. hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 1024 16 256 # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /var/spool/squid # Add any of your own refresh_pattern entries above these. refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 access_log /var/log/squid/squid.log squid access_log syslog squid redirect_program /usr/local/adzap/scripts/wrapzap fixed using acl allow_domains dstdomain www.cnn.com always_direct allow allow_domains

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• Move EFI System Partition to another drive

  - by Pincopallino

  I had a Windows 8 installation on an HDD, using UEFI as boot. The HDD has the following GPT table: DISKPART> list partition Partizione ### Tipo Dim. Offset --------------- ---------------- ------- ------- Partizione 1 Ripristino 300 Mb 1024 Kb Partizione 2 Sistema 100 Mb 301 Mb Partizione 3 Riservato 128 Mb 401 Mb Partizione 4 Primario 390 Gb 529 Mb Partizione 5 Primario 540 Gb 390 Gb (I apologize it's in Italian, but the translation is quite straightforward). I recently bought an SSD drive, connected it and installed a fresh Windows 8. Now I have a working dual boot, but the UEFI partition is on the HDD instead of the SSD. Here's the SDD partition list: Partizione ### Tipo Dim. Offset --------------- ---------------- ------- ------- Partizione 1 Riservato 128 Mb 1024 Kb Partizione 2 Primario 221 Gb 129 Mb I think that the best solution would be to have it on the SSD for two reasons: the first is performance (I guess it would be a little be faster on the SSD due to the spin up time for an HDD, but I may be wrong about that) second reason is consistency. As I plan to use only the Windows 8 installation that is located on the SSD and I'm probably going to erase the system partition on the HDD to use it as a data storage device, I think that the boot partition should be on the same drive as the OS. So the question is how do I move the EFI System Partition to the SSD?

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• When using software RAID and LVM on Linux, which IO scheduler and readahead settings are honored?

  - by andrew311

  In the case of multiple layers (physical drives - md - dm - lvm), how do the schedulers, readahead settings, and other disk settings interact? Imagine you have several disks (/dev/sda - /dev/sdd) all part of a software RAID device (/dev/md0) created with mdadm. Each device (including physical disks and /dev/md0) has its own setting for IO scheduler (changed like so) and readahead (changed using blockdev). When you throw in things like dm (crypto) and LVM you add even more layers with their own settings. For example, if the physical device has a read ahead of 128 blocks and the RAID has a readahead of 64 blocks, which is honored when I do a read from /dev/md0? Does the md driver attempt a 64 block read which the physical device driver then translates to a read of 128 blocks? Or does the RAID readahead "pass-through" to the underlying device, resulting in a 64 block read? The same kind of question holds for schedulers? Do I have to worry about multiple layers of IO schedulers and how they interact, or does the /dev/md0 effectively override underlying schedulers? In my attempts to answer this question, I've dug up some interesting data on schedulers and tools which might help figure this out: Linux Disk Scheduler Benchmarking from Google blktrace - generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices Relevant Linux kernel mailing list thread

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