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• Should I learn the easier framework as a start? [closed]

  - by gunbuster363

  I've been a programmer for 2 years. I learned Java SE, C from college and learned Cobol from the workplace. I've noticed that there is a hype about framework and I actually don't know what is a framework. It is so cool that my colleague once said you cannot find a new job without knowing something like struct spring hibernate. And we should know Java EE too because it was aimed for enterprise application. I've never code something such as server-client web application, and I think I need to try it out. But which language should I code in? I can't decide between the following 2: 1) Java. It is heavily used by many company so I could easily reuse the experience gained. But Java and its related framework are pretty heavy (for the machine and operation). It is on-demand. 2) ROR. It is cool. The syntax of ruby is simple. I can get a better hand on it. And maybe I can learn the concept easily and possibly correctly. However, not much company here would use it. All the job ads are about J2EE/C#. Should I learn the easy one or the difficult one? Not to mention there are a lot of frameworks out there for Java, which makes the decision much more difficult.

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• About C# objects and the possibilties it has

  - by user527825

  As a novice programmer and I always wonder about c# capabilities. I know it is still early to judge that but all i want to know is can c# do complex stuffs or something outside windows OS. I think C# is a proprietary language (I don't know if I said that right) meaning you can't do it outside Visual Studio or Windows. Also you can't create your own controller (called object right?) like you are forced to use these available in toolbox and their properties and methods. Can C# be used with OpenGL API or DirectX API Finally it always bothers me when I think I start doing things in Visual Studio, I know it sounds arrogant to say but sometimes I feel that I don't like to be forced to use something even if its helpful, like I feel (do I have the right to feel?) that I want to do all things by myself? Don't laugh I just feel that this will give me a better understanding. Is Visual C# like using MaxScript inside 3ds max in that C# is exclusive to do Windows and Forms and Components that are Windows related and maxscript is only for 3d editing and manipulation for various things in the software. If it is too difficult for a beginner I hope you don't answer the fourth question as I don't have enough motivation and I want to keep the little I have. Note: Sorry for my English, I am self taught and never used the language with native speakers so expect so errors. I have a lot of questions regarding many things, what is the daily ratio you think for asking (number of questions) that would not bother the admins of the site and the members here. Thank you for your time.

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• Windows Physical Direct Memory Mapping

  - by chrisjleaf

  I'm a bit disappointed there is almost no discussion of this no matter where I look so I guess I'll have to ask. I'm writing a cross platform memory bench marking application which requires direct physical address mapping rather than virtual addressing. EDIT The solution would look something like the Linux/Unix system calls: int fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDONLY); mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_OFFSET); which will require the kernel to either give you a virtual page mapping to the desired physical address or return that it failed. This does require supervisor privileges but that is ok. I have seen a lot of information about shared memory and memory mapped files but all of these reside on disc and are thus not really useful when I'm trying to make a system dependent read. It is very similar to writing an IO driver although I do no need write permissions to the physical address. This site gives an example of how to do it on a driver level using the Windows Driver Kit: NT Insider: Sharing Memory between drivers and applications This solution would probably require Visual Studio which currently I do not have access to. (I have downloaded the WDK api but it complained about my use of GCC for Windows). I'm traditionally a Linux programmer so I'm hoping there might be something really simple I'm missing. Thanks in advance if you know something I don't!

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• Is ZeroMQ a good choice to make a Python app and a C# managed assembly work together?

  - by Alex Bausk

  I have a task that involves talking to a .NET-based API (namely AutoCAD) to retrieve data, send commands, and react to events. I want to separate the API operations and the proper program logic (largely already implemented in Python) by using natural tools for both: a C# DLL for the former and a Python app for the latter. To connect these two pieces, I began exchanging JSON in ZeroMQ messages. I'm at early development stages but having recently discovered that ZeroMQ does not guarantee message delivery/order, I have reservations about whether this is a feasible way to go. Right now my app is a very basic REQ/REP pair and I plan to handle reacting to events and executing different commands by adding some sort of 'recipient-function' field to my message format. The reason that I want to use ZMQ is that I might be able to scale the software into a larger, multi-user, distributed solution sometime. I am a lay programmer so I would ask for your advice about this architecture. Should I just go ahead with it and plan to deal with message reliability/ordering when problems appear? Should I consider developing some kind of a REST wrapper around ZMQ?

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• Entry level engineer question regarding memory mangement

  - by Ealianis

  It has been a few months since I started my position as an entry level software developer. Now that I am past some learning curves (e.g. the language, jargon, syntax of VB and C#) I'm starting to focus on more esoteric topics, as to write better software. A simple question I presented to a fellow coworker was responded with "I'm focusing on the wrong things." While I respect this coworker I do disagree that this is a "wrong thing" to focus upon. Here was the code (in VB) and followed by the question. Note: The Function GenerateAlert() returns an integer. Dim alertID as Integer = GenerateAlert() _errorDictionary.Add(argErrorID, NewErrorInfo(Now(), alertID)) vs... _errorDictionary.Add(argErrorID, New ErrorInfo(Now(), GenerateAlert())) I originally wrote the ladder and rewrote it with the "Dim alertID" so that someone else might find it easier to read. But here was my concern and question. "Should one write this with the Dim AlertID, it would in fact take up more memory; finite but more, and should this method be called many times could it lead to an issue? How will .NET handle this object AlertID. Outside of .NET should one manually dispose of the object after use (near the end of the sub)." I want to ensure I become a knowledgeable programmer that does not just rely upon garbage collection. Am I over thinking this? Am I focusing on the wrong things?

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• How do you compare programming job offers from companies in different countries?

  - by Danny Tuppeny

  This isn't really a programmer-specific question, but I'm not sure of a more appropriate place, and I think the users of this site are best able to answer the question in the context of programmers. Relocating to the US seems fairly common in the programming industry. I live in the UK, and maybe one day, I might do it too. So, if that day comes - how would you go about comparing job offers? Benefits are fairly easy to compare, but given the differences in cost of living, how would you go about comparing salaries and the quality of living you'll have? In a country where the cost of living is lower, you might be able to accept a lower salary (based on exchange rate) and still have the same quality of living. But what can you do to ensure this? In some cases, you may even take a "pay rise" in terms of exchange rate, but end up far worse off. How can you compare job offers across different countries to get an idea of the salary you would need in order to not feel you've gone "backwards"?

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• International Pricing of Software [closed]

  - by arachnode.net

  I operate a small company that charges $99 for a piece of software. I'd like to know what would be a fair price for non-US customers. Today I sold a license to a party in South Africa. He told me he had been watching the project for two years while business justification could be made for the purchase as SA's currency is nine times weaker than the US dollar. I found this resource detailing how much a Big Mac costs in various countries: http://howmuchatyourplace.com/how_much_does/Big%20Mac_cost.php I realize that the cost of producing a Big Mac varies from locale to locale as does the demand for one. I am aware that many software companies charge prices in local currencies that equate to the price in US dollars. I am aware that my costs remain fixed, and I obviously I cannot discount the rate at which my time costs me. I'm OK with earning less per sale as I would rather get my software onto the desktops of those that need it rather than having them try to write it themselves. Support is light and I can usually point a user to an existing blog or forum post. Being a resident of Hawaii, I am aware that certain goods and services cost more here. Power is up to six times as much per KWH as it is in, say, Seattle, and wages are approximately 60% of what they are for my profession (programmer). I'd like to offer my software at a price that would be fair for everyone around the globe. If a currency is 2 foreign units to 1 US dollar, and goods and services cost 50% more and pay for an equivalent job is 50% of what it is here, should I charge, say, $50 instead of $99? Is there a resource which would allow me to input a price in US dollars and adjust for a list of international locations?

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• Simple website with a GPL V3 Framework

  - by sineverba

  I write web-based software and simple website ("Home", "Who we are", "Contact"). For a simple website I'm using a covered GPL v3 framework. The user surf the website, send an email, take info, etc. I repeat: simple website, not a Joomla or Wordpress. 1) Will the website be covered with the GPL? I don't modify the framework. I'm using his classes in other classes... (OOP). 2) For the point 1, if yes, do I need to add (e.g. in the footer) name of framework and his link? 3) I must permit download of entire website to study code (nothing that a programmer has interest in)? E.g. placing it in Github? 4) If 2 is NO, how you can "understand" that we use that framework? In effect no php lines are exposed to the browser... You cannot understand that when you push "Send email" the site is calling $this->send($email). If you write me an email "Are you using XXX framework"? I can answer NO.

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• Why are "Inverted Colors" considered an accessibility feature? [migrated]

  - by RLH

  Why is it that in Apple software (OS X and iOS,) the "Inverted Colors" display feature is considered an accessibility option? I understand that some users are color-blind. This would justify the Black & White, or grey-scale modes. What I don't understand is how or why does inverting the display color help someone with any specific, visual impairment or dysfunction. As a programmer that wants to understand the need so that I can develop better, accessible software, what purpose does this feature serve to the end user who has some form of visual impairment? NOTE: I felt that this was a hard question to categorize on StackExchange. I settled here on Programmers because I assume that questions of accessibility are important to all developers and this question sits somewhere in the middle between topics that StackOverflow and SuperUser may cover. Also, this question isn't specific to Apple software. I've just noticed that this feature has been available on Macs for a very long time, it's a feature on iOS, and it's always associated with the Accessibility settings. If I can garner some information regarding the needs of some users, I think that I can develop better, accessible software.

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• How do Unity 12.04/Compiz bindings really work?

  - by Daniel

  There is a bewildering array of places to set bindings, all inconsistent with one another. E.g. in Unity's System Settings having the Ctrl-key highlight the mouse position is an on/off choice. I like the feature, but not on such a prominent key where I keep activating it accidentally. The keyboard shortcuts allow only one binding per command, where I might like a convenient one on the external keyboard and an emergency alternative for when I'm on the road. Keyboard custom shortcuts has a nice interface, but allows only key bindings — besides it doesn't seem to work for me. So I activated CCSM Commands. There I have the choice of key-, mouse- and/or edge bindings. Whereas some places in CCSM offers only one or two of these binding possibilities, randomly at the whim of the programmer. I have not found a way to differentiate a mouse-drag from a click. E.g. I want <SuperMouse1-drag anywhere on a window to move it, while if I don't drag, it should be raise-lower. On the title bar I want the same without needing the <Super key. Now I find raise-lower only in System Settings where I can't assign a mouse binding. If therefore in CCSM I fallback to only lower and put move on the same binding, the window already gets lowered on mouse down, and I can then invisibly move it. Very useful! I have <Altasciicircum get in the way of an Emacs binding, with some to me useless popup overlay. I can find it nowhere, so I can't turn it off. So how can I go without these frontends until they have matured, and instruct Compiz directly, for example in the way Emacs or Sawfish have keymaps, and separate ones for each context, with inheritance?

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• What does SVN do better than git?

  - by doug

  No question that the majority of debates over programmer tools distill to either personal choice (by the user) or design emphasis, i.e., optimizing design according to particular uses cases (by the tool builder). Text Editors are probably the most prominent example--a coder who works on a Windows at work and codes in Haskell on the Mac at home, values cross-platform and compiler integration and so chooses Emacs over Textmate, etc. It's less common that a newly introduced technology is genuinely, demonstrably superior to the extant options. I wonder if this is in fact the case with version-control systems, in particular, centralized VCS (CVS, SVN) versus distributed VCS (git, hg)? I used SVN for about five years, and SVN is currently used where I work. A little less than three years ago, I switched to git (and gitHub) for all of my personal projects. I can think of a number of advantages of git over subversion (and which for the most part abstract to advantages of distributed over centralized VCS), but I cannot think of one contra example--some task (that's relevant and arises in a programmers usual workflow) that subversion does better than git. The only conclusion I have drawn from this is that I don't have any data--not that git is better, etc. My guess is that such counter-examples exist, hence this question.

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• Skillset improvement in coming new year

  - by exiter2000

  Here is a little background information. I have been working for Java 10 years. The product I am working on went to live about 3 years ago. Now, the product is getting stable. After all the post-product drama, I gained a lot of knowledge about Oracle & SQL. People(mainly management) were desperated enough to give me deep oracle-related task over DBAs. I admit I considered becoming DBA but eventually decided to remain as a programmer. DBAs & Management are demanding all the DB & Query related task back to DBA, which makes me a bit sad. In short, I anticipate a lot of time next year. What would you do to improve your skillset?? I am thinking to upgrade my Java version(Not from experience though, we are using JDK1.5) to 1.6 getting certificate. Any good idea from fellow developers?? -----------Edit --------------------- How about data modeling for application? Do you guys think it is developer role??

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• How should I start refactoring my mostly-procedural C++ application?

  - by oob

  We have a program written in C++ that is mostly procedural, but we do use some C++ containers from the standard library (vector, map, list, etc). We are constantly making changes to this code, so I wouldn't call it a stagnant piece of legacy code that we can just wrap up. There are a lot of issues with this code making it harder and harder for us to make changes, but I see the three biggest issues being: Many of the functions do more (way more) than one thing We violate the DRY principle left and right We have global variables and global state up the wazoo. I was thinking we should attack areas 1 and 2 first. Along the way, we can "de-globalize" our smaller functions from the bottom up by passing in information that is currently global as parameters to the lower level functions from the higher level functions and then concentrate on figuring out how to removing the need for global variables as much as possible. I just finished reading Code Complete 2 and The Pragmatic Programmer, and I learned a lot, but I am feeling overwhelmed. I would like to implement unit testing, change from a procedural to OO approach, automate testing, use a better logging system, fully validate all input, implement better error handling and many other things, but I know if we start all this at once, we would screw ourselves. I am thinking the three I listed are the most important to start with. Any suggestions are welcome. We are a team of two programmers mostly with experience with in-house scripting. It is going to be hard to justify taking the time to refactor, especially if we can't bill the time to a client. Believe it or not, this project has been successful enough to keep us busy full time and also keep several consultants busy using it for client work.

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• Tech Article: Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!

  - by Tori Wieldt

  A wise man once said you are not a real Java programmer until you've dealt with a null pointer exception. The null reference is the source of many problems because it is often used to denote the absence of a value. Java SE 8 introduces a new class called java.util.Optional that can alleviate some of these problems. In the tech article "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!" Java expert Raoul-Gabriel Urma shows you how to make your code more readable and protect it against null pointer exceptions. Urma explains "The purpose of Optional is not to replace every single null reference in your codebase but rather to help design better APIs in which—just by reading the signature of a method—users can tell whether to expect an optional value. In addition, Optional forces you to actively unwrap an Optional to deal with the absence of a value; as a result, you protect your code against unintended null pointer exceptions." Learn how to go from writing painful nested null checks to writing declarative code that is composable, readable, and better protected from null pointer exceptions. Read "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!"

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• What do you do to balance the upper or lower case style to name file or folder between work and life? [on hold]

  - by sojyq

  I am a programmer from China. And I like to use English words to name my files and folders Whether it is for work or life. For example, suck as Movie, Work, QtProjects, Music and so on.And I keep the habit of initial the first letter for file name or folder name in Windows. But now I work on Ubuntu, and I found that all file name and folder name are lowercase in addition to the default folder such as Music, Movie and so on. And then I realize that in Linux world, most peoloe like to use all lowercase to name their files and folders for two reasons (1. Linux is Case sensitive. 2. It is fast for shell command.). And after work, when I switch from Linux to Windows, I confuse to use all lowercase or the first letter uppercase style to name my files in Windows. I'm caught in a dilemma. I think that all lowercase is more efficiency but the first letter uppercase is more readable. I thought for a long time and want to come up with a good answer to blance the two style name conversion. But I failed. I want to ask you that how you balance the uppercase or lowercase habbit in Windows, Mac, Linux between work and personal life style? Thank you very much! (My current solution is that when I am in Linux, I use all lowercase for files and folders, but when I am in Windows and Mac OS X, I couldn't find a good reason to convince me to use all lowercase ( I think in Windows and Mac OS X, the first letter uppercase style for me is more readable and beautiful).

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• In which fields does quality of the software product matter as much as the completion time?

  - by Nav

  Someone told me that if the software product meets clients expectations, it is good quality. But I've worked with Interaction Designers (the same kind of people who made Gmail's interface and usability so cool!), and I've loved working with them because even though they came up with hundreds of changes in requirements, and emphasised on many many subtle details, when the software was complete, I could look at the product and say WOW! The current place I work, the only thing that matters is completing the project on time. As long as it works and as long as the client says it's ok, nobody bothers to improve it. I'm not talking about gold-plating, but I believe that for a programmer to enjoy his (well, maybe her too ;) ) job, they should be able to proudly say that "Hey, I made that software" and that comes only when the product is of good quality. Apart from your opinions on this, I'd also like to know which fields (Eg. Aerospace, Finance etc.) could I find companies (or you could mention the company name) where the quality of a product is as important as completing the project on time?

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• listing my programming experience on my resume

  - by Bigbio2002

  On my resume, I list myself as having "7 years of hands-on experience programming in C++". To clarify, I am a self-taught C++ programmer with some college courses thrown in the mix. I've worked on some small personal projects, and I consider myself to be more competent than a CS grad with no actual real-world experience, though by no means am I anywhere near being an expert. The issue is this... I keep getting calls and emails from recruiters that see my resume on job sites, inquiring about my interest in senior developer positions, contracts, etc., of which I feel that I am completely under-qualified for. My resume only has 3 years of work experience listed (which is all IT stuff), so when they ask about my prior experience in C++, I have to clarify that it was personal work, not professional work. I'd really like a job as a developer, but I don't want to get hired for something that I can't handle, nor do I want to misrepresent myself while trying to show off my strengths. I deliberately chose the phrasing "hands-on" to imply that it wasn't professional. How should I phrase my C++ experience on my resume to clarify it better?

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• What to learn after standard C++?

  - by Luca Cerone

  I switched to C++ a few months ago, learning its syntax, the main features of the STL and what you can usually find in a "learn C++" manual. Now I would like to go further. What would be your recommendations? I would like to know what to learn next (not only about the language, but also debugging, frameworks etc. etc.) I know probably the answer depends on the specific needs of each user, so here is a list of mine: Cross Platform development Developing GUI for my programs Develop extendible software, allowing the use of plugins Use of scientific libraries Interact with databases (mainly MySQL) Having server/client functionalities (I'd like users of my programs to interact through internet.. as you might have guessed I am not a programmer by training so I might have used the wrong terms.. if so I apologize for that). Of course I know it takes time, but I would like to have a good list of references and resources to start (both books and websites are ok). Thanks a lot for your help!

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• Is learning C# as a first language a mistake?

  - by JuniorDeveloper1208

  I know there are similar questions on here, which I've read, but I recently read this post by Joel Spolsky: How can I teach a bright person, with no programming experience, how to program? And it got me thinking about my way of learning and whether it might actually be harmful in the long run. I've dabbled with various languages but C# is my first serious one, I've read "Head First C#" and created a few projects. But after reading the post above I've found it a bit disheartening that I may be going about it all wrong, obviously I respect Joel's opinion which is what has thrown me a bit. I've started reading "Code" as recommended in the reading list and I'm finding it pretty hard going, although enjoyable. I feel like it's taken the shine off of my "noobish hacking about" in Visual Studio. So now I'm unsure as to what path I should take? Should I take a step back and follow Joel's advice and start reading? I guess my main aim is just to become a good programmer, like everyone else, but I don't want to be going into bad practice by learning a .NET language when someone who's opinion I respect thinks that it is harmful. Thoughts?

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• How to cut the line between quality and time?

  - by m3th0dman

  On one hand, I have been taught by various software engineering books ([1] as example) that my job as a programmer is to make the best possible software: great design, flexibility, to be easily maintained etc. One the other hand although I realize that I actually write software for money and not for entertainment, although is very nice to write good code and plan ahead and refactor after writing and ... I wonder if it is always best for the business (after all we should be responsible). Is the business always benefiting from a best code? Maybe I'm over-engineering something, and it's not always useful? So how should I know when to stop in the process to achieving the best possible code? I am sure that experience is something that makes a difference here, but I believe this cannot be the only answer. [1] Uncle Bob's in Clean Code says at page 6 about the fact that: They [managers] may defend the schedule and requirements with passion; but that’s their job. It’s your job to defend the code with equal passion.

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• Is there a massive other side to software development which I've somehow missed, revolving entirely around Microsoft?

  - by Aerovistae

  I'm still a beginning programmer; I've been at it for 2 years. I've learned to work with a few languages, a bit of web development technologies, a handful of libraries, frameworks, and IDEs. But over the past two years (and long before I even started, really), I keep hearing references to these...things. A million of them. Things such as C#, ADO, SOAP, ASP, ASP.NET, the .NET framework, CLR, F#, etc etc. And I've read their Wikipedia articles, in-depth, multiple times, and they all mention a million other things on that list, but I just can't seem to grasp what it all is. The only thing I've taken away with any certainty is that Microsoft is behind all of it. It sounds almost like a conspiracy. Are all these technologies just for developing on the Windows platform? What is .NET? Do some software developers dedicate their entire career just to that side of things? Why would I want to get into it, and what advantage does...whatever it is...have over all the other technologies there are? I hope this makes sense. It's a broad question, but inside it there's a very specific question asking about something I don't know the name of. Hopefully you can grasp my confusion.

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• Hobbyist transitioning to earn money on paid work?

  - by Chelonian

  I got into hobbyist Python programming some years ago on a whim, having never programmed before other than BASIC way back when, and little by little have cobbled together a, in my opinion, nice little desktop application that I might try to get out there in some fashion someday. It's roughly 15,000 logical lines of code, and includes use of Python, wxPython, SQLite, and a number of other libraries, works on Win and Linux (maybe Mac, untested) and I've gotten some good feedback about the application's virtues from non-programmer friends. I've also done a small application for data collection for animal behavior experiments, and an ad hoc tool to help generate a web page...and I've authored some tutorials. I consider my Python skills to be appreciably limited, my SQL skills to be very limited, but I'm not totally out to sea, either (e.g. I did FizzBuzz in a few minutes, did a "Monty Hall Dilemma" simulator in some minutes, etc.). I also put a strong premium on quality user experience; that is, the look and feel matters much to me and the software looks quite good, I feel. I know no other programming languages yet. I also know the basics of HTML/CSS (not considering them programming languages) and have created an artist's web page (that was described by a friend as "incredibly slick"...it's really not, though), and have a scientific background. I'm curious: Aside from directly selling my software, what's roughly possible--if anything--in terms of earning either side money on gigs, or actually getting hired at some level in the software industry, for someone with this general skill set?

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• How to join the World of Programming? [closed]

  - by litebread

  Name's Vlad and I am currently on my third year of Community College, studying Computer Science with emphasis on Programming in C++ and Networking. I have completed a few programming courses with general ease, but have not gained advanced understanding of programming through school. None of my friends are serious programmers working in the industry. Being an active lurker on many programming websites, and in general tech oriented sites I have noticed how little I know about the industry, the lingo and terminology. (I have no clue how Git hub works, but I generally understand what its for). So I am looking for help as to where I should look for information on the programming world and the industry in which I a very interested. By that I mean, what sites I should utilize to gain information on programming practices, introduction to advanced C++ and resources that simply introduce a 20some programming noob. I like programming, but I haven't dug my hands deep into it yet, I want to start to do so before I transfer to a University. All in all, where do I find information on becoming an actual programmer (Information that lays out a path). Thank you for reading. Have a great day!

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• What am I missing about PHP?

  - by Aerovistae

  It's like this mythical thing that a dominating portion of developers say is just the best option for back-end development, a part of development about which I know virtually nothing beyond the absolute basics. So I've looked up PHP tutorials a bunch of times, trying to figure out why it's so powerful and common, but it's annoying as hell-- all the tutorials treat you like a new programmer. You know, this is how you make an If Else statement, here's a for loop, etc. The "Advanced Topics" show you how to make POST and GET statements and whatnot. But there must be more to it! I don't get it! That's practically no different from JavaScript. What am I missing about this language? What else can it do? Where's the power and versatility? I've heard it called a function soup; where are all the functions? Please chide me. I'm clearly missing something.

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• FP for simulation and modelling

  - by heaptobesquare

  I'm about to start a simulation/modelling project. I already know that OOP is used for this kind of projects. However, studying Haskell made me consider using the FP paradigm for modelling a system of components. Let me elaborate: Let's say I have a component of type A, characterised by a set of data (a parameter like temperature or pressure,a PDE and some boundary conditions,etc.) and a component of type B, characterised by a different set of data(different or same parameter, different PDE and boundary conditions). Let's also assume that the functions/methods that are going to be applied on each component are the same (a Galerkin method for example). If I were to use an OOP approach, I would create two objects that would encapsulate each type's data, the methods for solving the PDE(inheritance would be used here for code reuse) and the solution to the PDE. On the other hand, if I were to use an FP approach, each component would be broken down to data parts and the functions that would act upon the data in order to get the solution for the PDE. This approach seems simpler to me assuming that linear operations on data would be trivial and that the parameters are constant. What if the parameters are not constant(for example, temperature increases suddenly and therefore cannot be immutable)? In OOP, the object's (mutable) state can be used. I know that Haskell has Monads for that. To conclude, would implementing the FP approach be actually simpler,less time consuming and easier to manage (add a different type of component or new method to solve the pde) compared to the OOP one? I come from a C++/Fortran background, plus I'm not a professional programmer, so correct me on anything that I've got wrong.

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