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  • Does this data structure have a name? Sort of a "linked matrix"?

    - by Bob
    Let's say I wanted similar functionality to a doubly linked list but needed a matrix instead so that each node was structured like this: public class Node { Node Up, Down, Left, Right; object Value; } Is there a name for such a structure? I've looked through this Wikipedia listing of data structures but didn't see anything similar. Unless I just missed it.

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  • What do we log and why do we log it?

    - by Lucas
    This has been bugging me for quite some time. Reading various questions on SO, blogs and listening to colleagues, I keep hearing how important "logging" is. How various logging frameworks stack up against each other, and how there are so many to pick from it's (apparently) ridiculous. Now, I know what logging is. What I don't know is what is supposed to be logged and why. Sure, I can guess. Exceptions? Sounds like something one might want to log... but which exceptions? And is it only exceptions? And what do I do with the logged information? If it's an in-house app, then that could probably be put to good use, but if it's a commercial desktop application, how is the log of... whatever... helping anyone? I doubt regular users would be peeking inside. Is it then something you ask the users to provide on request? I'm deeply frustrated by my own ignorance in this. It's also surprising how little information there is about this. The info on the websites of the various logging frameworks is all written for an audience that already knows what it wants to log, and knows why it needs to do so. Same things goes for the various discussions on SO about logging, like for instance this highly voted up question on Logging best practices. For a question with so many votes, it's almost comical how there's next to nothing in there that would answer my what and why questions. So being finally fed up, I'm asking here: what do people log, and why do they log it?

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  • Factorial Algorithms in different languages

    - by Brad Gilbert
    I want to see all the different ways you can come up with, for a factorial subroutine, or program. The hope is that anyone can come here and see if they might want to learn a new language. Ideas: Procedural Functional Object Oriented One liners Obfuscated Oddball Bad Code Polyglot Basically I want to see an example, of different ways of writing an algorithm, and what they would look like in different languages. Please limit it to one example per entry. I will allow you to have more than one example per answer, if you are trying to highlight a specific style, language, or just a well thought out idea that lends itself to being in one post. The only real requirement is it must find the factorial of a given argument, in all languages represented. Be Creative! Recommended Guideline: # Language Name: Optional Style type - Optional bullet points Code Goes Here Other informational text goes here I will ocasionally go along and edit any answer that does not have decent formatting.

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  • The Definitive Guide To Website Authentication (beta)

    - by Michiel de Mare
    Form Based Authentication For Websites Please help us create the definitive resource for this topic. We believe that stackoverflow should not just be a resource for very specific technical questions, but also for general guidelines on how to solve variations on common problems. "Form Based Authentication For Websites" should be a fine topic for such an experiment. It should include topics such as: how to log in how to remain logged in how to store passwords using secret questions forgotten password functionality OpenID "Remember me" checkbox Browser autocompletion of usernames and passwords secret urls (public urls protected by digest) checking password strength email validation and much more It should not include things like: roles and authorization http basic authentication Please help us by Suggesting subtopics Submitting good articles about this subject Editing the official answer (as soon as you have enough karma) UPDATE: See the terrific 7-part series by Jens Roland below.

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  • Is it possible to create thread-safe collections without locks?

    - by Andrey
    This is pure just for interest question, any sort of questions are welcome. So is it possible to create thread-safe collections without any locks? By locks I mean any thread synchronization mechanisms, including Mutex, Semaphore, and even Interlocked, all of them. Is it possible at user level, without calling system functions? Ok, may be implementation is not effective, i am interested in theoretical possibility. If not what is the minimum means to do it? EDIT: Why immutable collections don't work. This of class Stack with methods Add that returns another Stack. Now here is program: Stack stack = new ...; ThreadedMethod() { loop { //Do the loop stack = stack.Add(element); } } this expression stack = stack.Add(element) is not atomic, and you can overwrite new stack from other thread. Thanks, Andrey

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  • How much detail should be in a project plan or spec?

    - by DeanMc
    I have an issue that I feel many programmers can relate to... I have worked on many small scale projects. After my initial paper brain storm I tend to start coding. What I come up with is usually a rough working model of the actual application. I design in a disconnected fashion so I am talking about underlying code libraries, user interfaces are the last thing as the library usually dictates what is needed in the UI. As my projects get bigger I worry that so should my "spec" or design document. The above paragraph, from my investigations, is echoed all across the internet in one fashion or another. When a UI is concerned there is a bit more information but it is UI specific and does not relate to code libraries. What I am beginning to realise is that maybe code is code is code. It seems from my extensive research that there is no 1:1 mapping between a design document and the code. When I need to research a topic I dump information into OneNote and from there I prioritise features into versions and then into related chunks so that development runs in a fairly linear fashion, my tasks tend to look like so: Implement Binary File Reader Implement Binary File Writer Create Object to encapsulate Data for expression to the caller Now any programmer worth his salt is aware that between those three to do items could be a potential wall of code that could expand out to multiple files. I have tried to map the complete code process for each task but I simply don't think it can be done effectively. By the time one mangles pseudo code it is essentially code anyway so the time investment is negated. So my question is this: Am I right in assuming that the best documentation is the code itself. We are all in agreement that a high level overview is needed. How high should this be? Do you design to statement, class or concept level? What works for you?

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  • Do you ever feel confident in your skills?

    - by Gary Willoughby
    As a self taught developer i always find myself questioning my skill and knowledge and always feel like i am falling behind in using new technology. Over a period of nearly 9 years i've studied most mainstream languages (especially C based ones), used lots of different OSes, read and absorbed many books and even written one myself. But i still feel i'm usless! Do professional developers ever get to the stage where they feel confident that they know what they are doing and are confident when submitting solutions/code? When do you know you're good enough?

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  • How to notice unusual news activity

    - by ??iu
    Suppose you were able keep track of the news mentions of different entities, like say "Steve Jobs" and "Steve Ballmer". What are ways that could you tell whether the amount of mentions per entity per a given time period was unusual relative to their normal degree of frequency of appearance? I imagine that for a more popular person like Steve Jobs an increase of like 50% might be unusual (an increase of 1000 to 1500), while for a relatively unknown CEO an increase of 1000% for a given day could be possible (an increase of 2 to 200). If you didn't have a way of scaling that your unusualness index could be dominated by unheard-ofs getting their 15 minutes of fame.

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  • Where do you start your design - code, UI, workflow or whatever?

    - by Mmarquee
    Hi I was discussing this at work, and was wondering where people start their designs? We tend to start with designing code to solve the problem presented to us, but that is probably all of us are (or were) programmers. I was wondering where other people and organisations start their design. Do they start with solving the problem as a coding problem, sit down and design what UI to use, or map out the data or workflow? Thanks

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  • When exactly does a method have side effects?

    - by Kim
    As I always understood it, any change to the programs state (or anything to do with IO) is a side effect. It does not matter, whether the change occurs in a global variable or in a private field of the object the method is called on. It follows that all methods which do not return anything either do nothing at all or have a side effect. My confusion comes from one of our university's instructors (who is still a student and thus not omniscient yet;) ) telling me setters don't have side effects.

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  • Explaining NULL and Empty to your 6-year old?

    - by Atomiton
    I'm thinking in terms of Objects here. I think it's important to simplify ideas. If you can explain this to a 6-year old, you can teach new programmers the difference. I'm thinking that a cookie object would be apropos: public class Cookie { public string flavor {get; set; } public int numberOfCrumbs { get; set; } }

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  • Develop an classic UI or be bold with a newer design?

    - by DeanMc
    Forgive me if this is the wrong place but I am curious as to how other programmers feel about this topic: I am currently working on my portfolio site, it is being designed and built in silverlight 4. I initially started off with a typical stylised e-folio theme much like a standard website in terms of layout and flow. As I work more in the concept stages something has struck me. Am I trying to shoe-horn yesterday into today? What I am talking about is UI expectations. I'm all for clean user interfaces but that does not mean they should not take advantage of new concepts in presentation right? If you where to develop a site in silverlight as your own portfolio piece would you stick to the tried and tested "website" feel or would you try to come up with a UI that is intuitive and complements the technology? I feel that UI discussions are all the more important now that all forms of web development are allowing better methods to engage the user.

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  • How do you tell if two wildcards overlap?

    - by Tom Ritter
    Given two strings with * wildcards, I would like to know if a string could be created that would match both. For example, these two are a simple case of overlap: Hello*World Hel* But so are all of these: *.csv reports*.csv reportsdump.csv Is there an algorithm published for doing this? Or perhaps a utility function in Windows or a library I might be able to call or copy?

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  • Formula needed: Sort Array

    - by aw
    I have the following array: a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] I use it for some visual stuff like this: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Now I want to sort the array like this: 1 3 6 10 2 5 9 13 4 8 12 15 7 11 14 16 //So the original array should look like this: a = [1,5,2,9,6,3,13,10,7,4,14,11,8,15,12,16] Yeah, now I'm looking for a smart formula to do that ticker = 0; originalArray = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] newArray = []; while(ticker < originalArray.length) { //do the magic here ticker++; }

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  • Understanding run time code interpretation and execution

    - by Bob
    I'm creating a game in XNA and was thinking of creating my own scripting language (extremely simple mind you). I know there's better ways to go about this (and that I'm reinventing the wheel), but I want the learning experience more than to be productive and fast. When confronted with code at run time, from what I understand, the usual approach is to parse into a machine code or byte code or something else that is actually executable and then execute that, right? But, for instance, when Chrome first came out they said their JavaScript engine was fast because it compiles the JavaScript into machine code. This implies other engines weren't compiling into machine code. I'd prefer not compiling to a lower language, so are there any known modern techniques for parsing and executing code without compiling to low level? Perhaps something like parsing the code into some sort of tree, branching through the tree, and comparing each symbol and calling some function that handles that symbol? (Wild guessing and stabbing in the dark)

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  • Why is processing a sorted array faster than an unsorted array?

    - by GManNickG
    Here is a piece of code that shows some very peculiar performance. For some strange reason, sorting the data miraculously speeds up the code by almost 6x: #include <algorithm> #include <ctime> #include <iostream> int main() { // generate data const unsigned arraySize = 32768; int data[arraySize]; for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) data[c] = std::rand() % 256; // !!! with this, the next loop runs faster std::sort(data, data + arraySize); // test clock_t start = clock(); long long sum = 0; for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { // primary loop for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) { if (data[c] >= 128) sum += data[c]; } } double elapsedTime = static_cast<double>(clock() - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; std::cout << elapsedTime << std::endl; std::cout << "sum = " << sum << std::endl; } Without std::sort(data, data + arraySize);, the code runs in 11.54 seconds. With the sorted data, the code runs in 1.93 seconds. Initially I thought this might be just a language or compiler anomaly. So I tried it Java... import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // generate data int arraySize = 32768; int data[] = new int[arraySize]; Random rnd = new Random(0); for (int c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) data[c] = rnd.nextInt() % 256; // !!! with this, the next loop runs faster Arrays.sort(data); // test long start = System.nanoTime(); long sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { // primary loop for (int c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) { if (data[c] >= 128) sum += data[c]; } } System.out.println((System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000000.0); System.out.println("sum = " + sum); } } with a similar but less extreme result. My first thought was that sorting brings the data into cache, but my next thought was how silly that is because the array was just generated. What is going on? Why is a sorted array faster than an unsorted array? The code is summing up some independent terms, the order should not matter.

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  • Name of several objects that have the same type

    - by Tomek Tarczynski
    Lets assume we have a class car. How would You name parameters of function that takes two different cars? void Race(Car first, Car second); or maybe void Race(Car car1, Car car2); The same situation with function that takes car and list of cars as a parameters. I'm used to name 'cars' for list of cars, so it is inconvenient to use names like: void Race(Car car, List<Car> cars); Any suggestions about names?

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  • Calculate date from numeric value

    - by elias
    The number 71867806 represents the present day, with the smallest unit of days. How can I calculate the currente date from it? (or) convert it into an Unix timestamp? Solution shouldn't use language depending features. Thanks!

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  • Articles about replication schemes/algorithms?

    - by jkff
    I'm designing an hierarchical distributed system (every node has zero or more "master" nodes to which it propagates its current data). The data gets continuously updated and I'd like to guarantee that at least N nodes have almost-current data at any given time. I do not need complete consistency, only eventual consistency (t.i. for any time instant, the current snapshot of data should eventually appear on at least N nodes. It is tricky to define the term "current" here, but still). Nodes may fail and go back up at any moment, and there is no single "central" node. O overflowers! Point me to some good papers describing replication schemes. I've so far found one: Consistency Management in Optimistic Replication Algorithms

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  • Choosing a method for a webservice

    - by Wrikken
    I'm asked to set up a new webservice which should be easily usable in whatever language (php, .NET, Java, etc.) possible. Of course rolling my own can be done, accepting different content-types (xml / x-www-form-urlencoded (normal post) / json / etc.), but an existing method or mechanism would of course be prefered, cutting down time spent on development for the consumers of the service. The webservice does accept modifications / sets (it is not only simply data retrieval), but those will most likely be quite a lot less then gets (we estimate about 2.5% sets, 97.5 gets). The term webservice here indicates the protocol should go over HTTP, not being able to implement it totally client sided (javascript in the end-users browser etc.), as it needs specific user authentication. Both gets and sets are pretty light on the parameter count (usually 1 to 4). Methods like REST (which I'd prefer for only gets), XML-RPC & SOAP (might be a bit overkill, but has the advantage of explicitly defined methods and returns) are the usual suspects. What in your opinion / experience is the most widely 'spoken' and most easily implementable protocol in different languages (seen from the consumers' viewpoint) which could fullfill this need?

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