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• 4in6 tunneling (via OpenVPN?)

  - by Deshene

  I have a local network with internet access. But unfortunately IPv4 internet connection speed is limited to 1mbps, which is realy sad. Fortunately I have a native IPv6, and there is no connection speed limit over IPv6. So, in order to get a good internet connection I made a plan: connect to the VPN-service over IPv6, and pass all IPv4 traffic through IPv6 tunnel, or something like that, I think you get the idea. I suggested to use service like HideMyAss.com, but unfortunately they don't support IPv6. The question is: Is there any existing VPN service that will make my dreams come true, and is easy to use, which I could connect over PPTP or OpenVPN (I want to set up connection to VPN in my router settings). Edit: It seems like there are couple of VPN services that supports IPv6 (it's odd, but the biggest VPN services support only IPv4), and there is none providing 4in6 tunnels. So, I came to the following solution: rent a VPS with IPv6 address, and manually setup 4in6 tunnel. I'm not good at networking, never did things like that, and don't know where to start, and what should I do. The use case, as I undestand, should look like this: I connect from my home computer to the VPS via OpenVPN, and after that all my IPv4 traffic pass through IPv6 (server do the job). OpenVPN - because I want to configure VPN connection to server in my router (Asus RT-N16?). How can I achieve this?

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• Drop outs when accessing share by DFS name.

  - by Stephen Woolhead

  I have a strange problem, aren't they all! I have a DFS root \domain\files\vms, it has a single target on a different server than the namespace. I can copy a test file set from the target directly via \server\vms$\testfiles and all is well, the files copy fine. I have repeated these tests many times. If I try and copy the files from the dfs root I get big pauses in the network traffic, about 50 seconds every couple of minutes, all the traffic just stops for the copy. If I start another copy between the same two machines during this pause, it starts copying fine, so I know it's not an issue with the disks on the server. Every once in a while the copy will fail, no errors, the progress bar will just zip all the way to 100% and the copy dialog will close. Checking the target folder show that the copy is incomplete. I've moved the LUN to another server and had the same problem. The servers are all 2008 R2, the clients are Vista x64, Windows7 x64 and 2008 R2, all have the same problem. Anyone got any ideas? Cheers, Stephen More Information: I've been running a NetMon trace on the connection when the file copy fails and what seems to be standing out is that when opening a file that the copy completes on the SMB command looks like this: SMB2: C CREATE (0x5), Name=Training\PDC2008\BB34 Live Services Notifications, Awareness, and Communications.wmv@#422082, Context=DHnQ, Context=MxAc, Context=QFid, Context=RqLs, Mid = 245376 SMB2: R CREATE (0x5), Context=MxAc, Context=RqLs, Context=DHnQ, Context=QFid, FID=0xFFFFFFFF00000015, Mid = 245376 But for the last file when the copy dialog closes looks like this: SMB2: C CREATE (0x5), Name=gt\files\Media\Training\PDC2008\BB36 FAST Building Search-Driven Portals with Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 and Microsoft Silverlight.wmv@#859374, Context=DHnQ, Context=MxAc, Context=QFid, Context=RqLs, Mid = 77 SMB2: R , Mid = 77 - NT Status: System - Error, Code = (58) STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND The main difference seems to be in the name, one is relative to the open file share, the other has gained the gt\files\media prefix which is the name of the DFS target. These failures are always preceded by logoff and back on of the SMB target. Might have to bump this one to PSS.

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• Apache log rotation: logrotate vs rotatelogs vs chronolog

  - by Enrico

  I have been researching log rotation for my server which hosts ~5 fairly high traffic sites. From what I can tell, my options are to use logrotate or to use piped logging with either rotatelogs or chronolog. logrotate requires a restart of apache and both SIGHUP and SIGUSR1 restarts are less than ideal on high traffic sites, because either you drop a bunch of connections or you need to delay compressing the old log until all child processes have died naturally. Also, downtime can be quite significant if compression is enabled. Would using logrotate - without compression and with graceful restart - and compressing old logs after the fact be the best way to minimize downtime? chronolog and rotatelogs sound promising, but are not well documented. I couldn't find examples of using either in combination with vhost specific logs. The chronolog website says, "when the expanded filename changes, the current file is closed and a new one opened". Is this globally? Or is that per AccessLog, CustomLog or ErrorLog directive? Is there a significant difference between chronolog and rotatelogs?

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• Cisco 891w multiple VLAN configuration

  - by Jessica

  I'm having trouble getting my guest network up. I have VLAN 1 that contains all our network resources (servers, desktops, printers, etc). I have the wireless configured to use VLAN1 but authenticate with wpa2 enterprise. The guest network I just wanted to be open or configured with a simple WPA2 personal password on it's own VLAN2. I've looked at tons of documentation and it should be working but I can't even authenticate on the guest network! I've posted this on cisco's support forum a week ago but no one has really responded. I could really use some help. So if anyone could take a look at the configurations I posted and steer me in the right direction I would be extremely grateful. Thank you! version 15.0 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESI ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! logging buffered 51200 warnings ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login userauthen local aaa authorization network groupauthor local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! ! ! clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring service-module wlan-ap 0 bootimage autonomous ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-3369945891 enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-3369945891 revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-3369945891 ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-3369945891 certificate self-signed 01 (cert is here) quit ip source-route ! ! ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.5 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.2 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.6 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.8 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.1 ! ip dhcp pool ccp-pool import all network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 lease 0 2 ! ip dhcp pool guest import all network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.3.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 ! ! ip cef no ip domain lookup no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO891W-AGN-A-K9 sn FTX153085WL ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$g1..$JSZ0qxljZAgJJIk/anDu51 username user1 password 0 pass ! ! ! class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-insp-traffic match protocol cuseeme match protocol dns match protocol ftp match protocol h323 match protocol https match protocol icmp match protocol imap match protocol pop3 match protocol netshow match protocol shell match protocol realmedia match protocol rtsp match protocol smtp match protocol sql-net match protocol streamworks match protocol tftp match protocol vdolive match protocol tcp match protocol udp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-insp-traffic match class-map ccp-cls-insp-traffic class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-icmp-access match protocol icmp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-invalid-src match access-group 100 class-map type inspect match-all ccp-icmp-access match class-map ccp-cls-icmp-access class-map type inspect match-all ccp-protocol-http match protocol http ! ! policy-map type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply class type inspect ccp-icmp-access inspect class class-default pass policy-map type inspect ccp-inspect class type inspect ccp-invalid-src drop log class type inspect ccp-protocol-http inspect class type inspect ccp-insp-traffic inspect class class-default drop policy-map type inspect ccp-permit class class-default drop ! zone security out-zone zone security in-zone zone-pair security ccp-zp-self-out source self destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply zone-pair security ccp-zp-in-out source in-zone destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-inspect zone-pair security ccp-zp-out-self source out-zone destination self service-policy type inspect ccp-permit ! ! crypto isakmp policy 1 encr 3des authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto isakmp client configuration group 3000client key 67Nif8LLmqP_ dns 10.171.12.37 10.171.12.5 pool dynpool acl 101 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set myset esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10 set transform-set myset ! ! crypto map clientmap client authentication list userauthen crypto map clientmap isakmp authorization list groupauthor crypto map clientmap client configuration address initiate crypto map clientmap client configuration address respond crypto map clientmap 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 ! ! interface FastEthernet1 ! ! interface FastEthernet2 ! ! interface FastEthernet3 ! ! interface FastEthernet4 ! ! interface FastEthernet5 ! ! interface FastEthernet6 ! ! interface FastEthernet7 ! ! interface FastEthernet8 ip address dhcp ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto ! ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description $FW_OUTSIDE$$ES_WAN$ ip address 10...* 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security out-zone duplex auto speed auto crypto map clientmap ! ! interface wlan-ap0 description Service module interface to manage the embedded AP ip unnumbered Vlan1 arp timeout 0 ! ! interface Wlan-GigabitEthernet0 description Internal switch interface connecting to the embedded AP switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3,1002-1005 switchport mode trunk ! ! interface Vlan1 description $ETH-SW-LAUNCH$$INTF-INFO-FE 1$$FW_INSIDE$ ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 crypto map clientmap ! ! interface Vlan2 description guest ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group 120 in ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ! ! interface Async1 no ip address encapsulation slip ! ! ip local pool dynpool 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 23 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! ip dns server ip nat inside source list 23 interface GigabitEthernet0 overload ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.165.0.1 ! access-list 23 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark CCP_ACL Category=128 access-list 100 permit ip host 255.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 10.165.0.0 0.0.1.255 any access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.5.255 any access-list 120 remark ESIGuest Restriction no cdp run ! ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! alias exec dot11radio service-module wlan-ap 0 session Access point version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESIRouter ! no logging console enable secret 5 $1$yEH5$CxI5.9ypCBa6kXrUnSuvp1 ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa group server radius rad_eap server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa group server radius rad_acct server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa authentication login eap_methods group rad_eap aaa authentication enable default line enable aaa authorization exec default local aaa authorization commands 15 default local aaa accounting network acct_methods start-stop group rad_acct ! aaa session-id common clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring ip domain name ESI ! ! dot11 syslog dot11 vlan-name one vlan 1 dot11 vlan-name two vlan 2 ! dot11 ssid one vlan 1 authentication open eap eap_methods authentication network-eap eap_methods authentication key-management wpa version 2 accounting rad_acct ! dot11 ssid two vlan 2 authentication open guest-mode ! dot11 network-map ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$p02C$WVHr5yKtRtQxuFxPU8NOx. ! ! bridge irb ! ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address no ip route-cache ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! ssid two ! antenna gain 0 station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 bridge-group 2 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 2 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 2 source-learning no bridge-group 2 unicast-flooding bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio1 no ip address no ip route-cache shutdown ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! antenna gain 0 dfs band 3 block channel dfs station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio1.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description the embedded AP GigabitEthernet 0 is an internal interface connecting AP with the host router no ip address no ip route-cache ! interface GigabitEthernet0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 no bridge-group 1 source-learning bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 no bridge-group 2 source-learning bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface BVI1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip http help-path http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/smbiz/prodconfig/help/eag access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 radius-server host 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 key ***** bridge 1 route ip

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• Easiest way to allow direct HTTPS connection in Intercept mode?

  - by Nick Lin

  I know the SSL issue has been beaten to death I'm using DNS redirect to force my clients to use my intercept proxy. As we all know, intercepting HTTPS connection is not possible unless I provide a fake certificate. What I want to achieve here is to allow all HTTPS requests connect directly to the source server, thus bypassing Squid: HTTP connection Proxy by Squid HTTPS connection Bypass Squid and connect directly I spent the past few days goolging and trying different methods but none worked so far. I read about SSL tunneling using the CONNECT method but couldn't find any more information on it. I tried a similar method in using RINETD to forward all traffic going through port 443 of my Squid back to the original IP of www.pandora.com. Unfortunately, I did not realize all other HTTPS requests are also forwarded to the IP of www.pandora.com. For example, https://www.gmail.com also takes me to https://www.pandora.com Since I'm running the Intercept mode, the forwarding needs to be dynamic and match each HTTPS domain name with proper original IP. Can this be done in Squid or iptables? Lastly, I'm directing traffic to my Squid server using DNS zone redirect. For example, a client requests www.google.com, my DNS server directs that request to my Squid IP, then my transparent Squid will proxy that request. Will this set up affect what I'm trying to achieve? I tried many methods but couldn't get it to work. Any takes on how to do this?

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• Address (url) forwarding with Vyatta

  - by Trikks

  Hi Got this kind of noob question i suppose. I got this very basic network setup and need help to set up some address forwarding. As seen in my illustration below all traffic enters via the eth0 interface (85.123.32.23). The external dns is setup to direct all hosts to this ip as well. Now, how on earth do I filter the incoming requests to each box? The Ip's are static! Se the network layout here: http://vyatta.org/files/u11160/setup.png I do not wish to solve this by assigning tons of ports etc. In my wishful thinking something like this would be nice :) set service nat rule 10 type destination set service nat rule 10 inbound-interface eth0 set service nat rule 10 destination address ftp.myhost.com set service nat rule 10 inside-address address 192.168.100.20 This way ALL traffic to the address ftp.myhost.com (at eth0) should be routed to the internal ip, 192.168.100.20. Right, is there anyone who could point in some direction? Maybe it's wrong to use nat? Please help me! :)

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• IPCop Packet Mangling

  - by Zenham

  I've found myself in a pickle replacing an old firewall for a client this afternoon. I'm configuring their new IPCop firewall (1.4.21), Zerina OpenVPN addon is installed. What I need to do: There are three network interfaces, currently set up as red (WAN), green (LAN, 192.168.20.0/24) and orange (remote network 10.1.20.0/24). The orange interface is a direct fiber link to another organization. Simple description: Traffic and networks appear to be properly configured at this point, but I have many (150+) specific IPs on the LAN which, when accessing the resources on the 10.1.20.x network, need to be mangled to appear to be coming from the 10.1.20.0/24 network (and return traffic properly delivered). The routing on the far side was configured earlier and should be fine, but I need to redirect any packets coming across destined for those IPs to end up at their proper destination. The addressing is fixed and predictable (ie. 192.168.20.125 - 10.1.20.125). I need to insert whatever rules I have into the IPCop ruleset through /etc/rc.local I know, I'm just not sure about how I should structure this. There's CUSTOMOUTPUT and CUSTOMINPUT targets, both which currently just consist of the single rule redirecting packets to the OVPNOUTPUT/OVPNINPUT targets, so I'm guessing I should insert a rule matching outbound packets destined for the 10.1.20.x network and redirecting to a new target (maybe called TO-ORANGE) and a rule at the top of CUSTOMINPUT which redirects to a FROM-ORANGE target. Under those targets, I would have rules which do the IP matching and mangling. Am I approaching this right? If so, I'm not very familiar with mangle, and would appreciate seeing examples of how to write that source-IP rewrite. If not, how would you suggest doing this? TIA! edit: I notice additionally that the nat table has CUSTOMPREROUTING and CUSTOMPOSTROUTING targets, I guess I could alternatively post the rules in there....

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• Address (url) forwarding with Vyatta

  - by Trikks

  Got this kind of noob question i suppose. I got this very basic network setup and need help to set up some address forwarding. As seen in my illustration below all traffic enters via the eth0 interface (85.123.32.23). The external dns is setup to direct all hosts to this ip as well. Now, how on earth do I filter the incoming requests to each box? The Ip's are static! My network layout: I do not wish to solve this by assigning tons of ports etc. In my wishful thinking something like this would be nice :) set service nat rule 10 type destination set service nat rule 10 inbound-interface eth0 set service nat rule 10 destination address ftp.myhost.com set service nat rule 10 inside-address address 192.168.100.20 This way ALL traffic to the address ftp.myhost.com (at eth0) should be routed to the internal ip, 192.168.100.20. Right, is there anyone who could point in some direction? Maybe it's wrong to use nat? Please help me! :)

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• Converting Lighttpd config to NginX with php-fpm

  - by Le Dude

  Having so much issue with NginX configuration since I'm new with NginX. Been using Lighttpd for quite sometime. Here are the base info. New Machine - CentOS 6.3 64 Bit - NginX 1.2.4-1.e16.ngx - Php-FPM 5.3.18-1.e16.remi Old Machine - CentOS 6.2 64Bit - Lighttpd 1.4.25-3.e16 Original Lighttpd config file: ####################################################################### ## ## /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf ## ## check /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/*.conf for the configuration of modules. ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Some Variable definition which will make chrooting easier. ## ## if you add a variable here. Add the corresponding variable in the ## chroot example aswell. ## var.log_root = "/var/log/lighttpd" var.server_root = "/var/www" var.state_dir = "/var/run" var.home_dir = "/var/lib/lighttpd" var.conf_dir = "/etc/lighttpd" ## ## run the server chrooted. ## ## This requires root permissions during startup. ## ## If you run Chrooted set the the variables to directories relative to ## the chroot dir. ## ## example chroot configuration: ## #var.log_root = "/logs" #var.server_root = "/" #var.state_dir = "/run" #var.home_dir = "/lib/lighttpd" #var.vhosts_dir = "/vhosts" #var.conf_dir = "/etc" # #server.chroot = "/srv/www" ## ## Some additional variables to make the configuration easier ## ## ## Base directory for all virtual hosts ## ## used in: ## conf.d/evhost.conf ## conf.d/simple_vhost.conf ## vhosts.d/vhosts.template ## var.vhosts_dir = server_root + "/vhosts" ## ## Cache for mod_compress ## ## used in: ## conf.d/compress.conf ## var.cache_dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd" ## ## Base directory for sockets. ## ## used in: ## conf.d/fastcgi.conf ## conf.d/scgi.conf ## var.socket_dir = home_dir + "/sockets" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Load the modules. include "modules.conf" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Basic Configuration ## --------------------- ## server.port = 80 ## ## Use IPv6? ## #server.use-ipv6 = "enable" ## ## bind to a specific IP ## #server.bind = "localhost" ## ## Run as a different username/groupname. ## This requires root permissions during startup. ## server.username = "lighttpd" server.groupname = "lighttpd" ## ## enable core files. ## #server.core-files = "disable" ## ## Document root ## server.document-root = server_root + "/lighttpd" ## ## The value for the "Server:" response field. ## ## It would be nice to keep it at "lighttpd". ## #server.tag = "lighttpd" ## ## store a pid file ## server.pid-file = state_dir + "/lighttpd.pid" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Logging Options ## ------------------ ## ## all logging options can be overwritten per vhost. ## ## Path to the error log file ## server.errorlog = log_root + "/error.log" ## ## If you want to log to syslog you have to unset the ## server.errorlog setting and uncomment the next line. ## #server.errorlog-use-syslog = "enable" ## ## Access log config ## include "conf.d/access_log.conf" ## ## The debug options are moved into their own file. ## see conf.d/debug.conf for various options for request debugging. ## include "conf.d/debug.conf" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Tuning/Performance ## -------------------- ## ## corresponding documentation: ## http://www.lighttpd.net/documentation/performance.html ## ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) ## ## possible options on linux are: ## ## select ## poll ## linux-sysepoll ## ## linux-sysepoll is recommended on kernel 2.6. ## server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll" ## ## The basic network interface for all platforms at the syscalls read() ## and write(). Every modern OS provides its own syscall to help network ## servers transfer files as fast as possible ## ## linux-sendfile - is recommended for small files. ## writev - is recommended for sending many large files ## server.network-backend = "linux-sendfile" ## ## As lighttpd is a single-threaded server, its main resource limit is ## the number of file descriptors, which is set to 1024 by default (on ## most systems). ## ## If you are running a high-traffic site you might want to increase this ## limit by setting server.max-fds. ## ## Changing this setting requires root permissions on startup. see ## server.username/server.groupname. ## ## By default lighttpd would not change the operation system default. ## But setting it to 2048 is a better default for busy servers. ## ## With SELinux enabled, this is denied by default and needs to be allowed ## by running the following once : setsebool -P httpd_setrlimit on server.max-fds = 2048 ## ## Stat() call caching. ## ## lighttpd can utilize FAM/Gamin to cache stat call. ## ## possible values are: ## disable, simple or fam. ## server.stat-cache-engine = "simple" ## ## Fine tuning for the request handling ## ## max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3) ## means the other file handles are used for fastcgi/files ## server.max-connections = 1024 ## ## How many seconds to keep a keep-alive connection open, ## until we consider it idle. ## ## Default: 5 ## #server.max-keep-alive-idle = 5 ## ## How many keep-alive requests until closing the connection. ## ## Default: 16 ## #server.max-keep-alive-requests = 18 ## ## Maximum size of a request in kilobytes. ## By default it is unlimited (0). ## ## Uploads to your server cant be larger than this value. ## #server.max-request-size = 0 ## ## Time to read from a socket before we consider it idle. ## ## Default: 60 ## #server.max-read-idle = 60 ## ## Time to write to a socket before we consider it idle. ## ## Default: 360 ## #server.max-write-idle = 360 ## ## Traffic Shaping ## ----------------- ## ## see /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/traffic-shaping.txt ## ## Values are in kilobyte per second. ## ## Keep in mind that a limit below 32kB/s might actually limit the ## traffic to 32kB/s. This is caused by the size of the TCP send ## buffer. ## ## per server: ## #server.kbytes-per-second = 128 ## ## per connection: ## #connection.kbytes-per-second = 32 ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## Filename/File handling ## ------------------------ ## ## files to check for if .../ is requested ## index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.rb", "index.html", ## "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## index-file.names += ( "index.xhtml", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.php" ) ## ## deny access the file-extensions ## ## ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... ## .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part ## of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) ## ## disable range requests for pdf files ## workaround for a bug in the Acrobat Reader plugin. ## $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## ## url handling modules (rewrite, redirect) ## #url.rewrite = ( "^/$" => "/server-status" ) #url.redirect = ( "^/wishlist/(.+)" => "http://www.example.com/$1" ) ## ## both rewrite/redirect support back reference to regex conditional using %n ## #$HTTP["host"] =~ "^www\.(.*)" { # url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "http://%1/$1" ) #} ## ## which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer ## ## .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi ## static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi", ".scgi" ) ## ## error-handler for status 404 ## #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.html" #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.php" ## ## Format: <errorfile-prefix><status-code>.html ## -> ..../status-404.html for 'File not found' ## #server.errorfile-prefix = "/srv/www/htdocs/errors/status-" ## ## mimetype mapping ## include "conf.d/mime.conf" ## ## directory listing configuration ## include "conf.d/dirlisting.conf" ## ## Should lighttpd follow symlinks? ## server.follow-symlink = "enable" ## ## force all filenames to be lowercase? ## #server.force-lowercase-filenames = "disable" ## ## defaults to /var/tmp as we assume it is a local harddisk ## server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/tmp" ) ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## SSL Support ## ------------- ## ## To enable SSL for the whole server you have to provide a valid ## certificate and have to enable the SSL engine.:: ## ## ssl.engine = "enable" ## ssl.pemfile = "/path/to/server.pem" ## ## The HTTPS protocol does not allow you to use name-based virtual ## hosting with SSL. If you want to run multiple SSL servers with ## one lighttpd instance you must use IP-based virtual hosting: :: ## ## $SERVER["socket"] == "10.0.0.1:443" { ## ssl.engine = "enable" ## ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/www.example.com.pem" ## server.name = "www.example.com" ## ## server.document-root = "/srv/www/vhosts/example.com/www/" ## } ## ## If you have a .crt and a .key file, cat them together into a ## single PEM file: ## $ cat /etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.key /etc/ssl/certs/lighttpd.crt \ ## > /etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem ## #ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem" ## ## optionally pass the CA certificate here. ## ## #ssl.ca-file = "" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ## ## custom includes like vhosts. ## #include "conf.d/config.conf" #include_shell "cat /etc/lighttpd/vhosts.d/*.conf" ## ####################################################################### ####################################################################### ### Custom Added by me #url.rewrite-once = (".*\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|png|css|jar|class)$" => "$0", "" => "/index.php") url.rewrite-once = ( ".*\?(.*)$" => "/index.php?$1", "^/js/.*$" => "$0", "^.*\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|png|css|swf |jar|class)$" => "$0", "" => "/index.php" ) # expire.url = ( "" => "access 1 days" ) include "myvhost-vhosts.conf" ####################################################################### Here is my Vhost file for lighttpd $HTTP["host"] =~ "192.168.8.35$" { server.document-root = "/var/www/lighttpd/qc41022012/public" server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" server.error-handler-404 = "/e404.php" } and here is my nginx.conf file user nginx; worker_processes 5; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/testsite/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; ## I added this ## include /etc/nginx/sites-available/*; } Here is my NginX Vhost file server { server_name 192.168.8.91; access_log /var/log/nginx/myapps/logs/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/myapps/logs/error.log; root /var/www/html/myapps/public; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; } location = /favicon.ico { return 204; access_log off; log_not_found off; } # location ~ \.php$ { # try_files $uri /index.php; # include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; location ~ \.php.*$ { rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; # fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/index.php; # fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # include fastcgi_params; } } We have a custom apps that we created that works great with lighttpd. I went through some headache also when we were trying to figure out how to make it work with lighttpd. this is the line that helps make it work in lighttpd. url.rewrite-once = ( ".*\?(.*)$" => "/index.php?$1", "^/js/.*$" => "$0", "^.*\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|png|css|swf |jar|class)$" => "$0", "" => "/index.php" ) but I couldn't figure out how to make it works in NginX. The webserver run just fine when we use the phpinfo.php test file. However as soon as I point it to my apps, nothing comes up. Check the error.log file and there's no error. Very mind boggling. I spent over 1 week trying to figure it out with no luck.. Please help?

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• How to know if your computer is hit by a dnschanger virus?

  - by kira

  The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is on the final stage of its Operation Ghost Click, which strikes against the menace of the DNSChanger virus and trojan. Infected PCs running the DNSChanger malware at unawares are in the danger of going offline on this coming Monday (July 9) when the FBI plans to pull down the online servers that communicate with the virus on host computers. After gaining access to a host PC, the DNSChanger virus tries to modify the DNS (Domain Name Server) settings, which are essential for Internet access, to send traffic to malicious servers. These poisoned web addresses in turn point traffic generated through infected PCs to fake or unsafe websites, most of them running online scams. There are also reports that the DNSChanger virus also acts as a trojan, allowing perpetrators of the hack attack to gain access to infected PCs. Google issued a general advisory for netizens in May earlier this year to detect and remove DNSChanger from infected PCs. According to our report, some 5 lakh PCs were still infected by the DNSChanger virus in May 2012. The first report of the DNSChanger virus and its affiliation with an international group of hackers first came to light towards the end of last year, and the FBI has been chasing them down ever since. The group behind the DNSChanger virus is estimated to have infected close to 4 million PCs around the world in 2011, until the FBI shut them down in November. In the last stage of Operation Ghost Click, the FBI plans to pull the plug and bring down the temporary rogue DNS servers on Monday, July 9, according to an official announcement. As a result, PCs still infected by the DNSChanger virus will be unable to access the Internet. How do you know if your PC has the DNSChanger virus? Don’t worry. Google has explained the hack attack and tools to remove the malware on its official blog. Trend Micro also has extensive step-by-step instructions to check if your Windows PC or Mac is infected by the virus. The article is found at http://www.thinkdigit.com/Internet/Google-warns-users-about-DNSChanger-malware_9665.html How to check if my computer is one of those affected?

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• iTunes' clandestine proxy settings

  - by pilcrow

  Problem: One user's iTunes consults a defunct HTTP proxy, but only for iTunes Store HTTP requests -- other iTunes web requests are unproxied. How do I dismiss this spurious proxy setting? Background: It's not as easy as Internet Options. Years ago my network had a mandatory HTTP proxy at 172.31.1.1:8080. When we switched to the 192.168.1/24 space and eliminated the proxy, this user's iTunes -- the only iTunes user at the time -- could no longer contact the iTunes Store, an operation which fails with "unknown error -9808". This has been the case through several iTunes.exe upgrades over the years and prevents, among other things, activation of a new or newly upgraded iPhone. wireshark and TCPView confirm that this user's iTunes.exe is attempting to contact the long-defunct http proxy when attempting to reach the iTunes Store, but is otherwise unproxied. Curious details: No other iTunes.exe HTTP traffic for this user is affected -- iTunes can successfully make HTTP chatter at Apple's servers. No other web traffic at all is proxied, whether this user or others, iTunes or browser, etc. I cannot find the spurious proxy setting anywhere in the registry nor on disk, though perhaps I haven't thought of every place to look and every format to look for. Other users who have experienced the same error code all seem to have unrelated web configuration problems (certificate validation, for example). UPDATE in response to Phoshi's excellent suggestion, reinstallation hasn't done the trick.

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• How do I convert a Linux disk image into a sparse file?

  - by endolith

  I have a bunch of disk images, made with ddrescue, on an EXT partition, and I want to reduce their size without losing data, while still being mountable. How can I fill the empty space in the image's filesystem with zeros, and then convert the file into a sparse file so this empty space is not actually stored on disk? For example: > du -s --si --apparent-size Jimage.image 120G Jimage.image > du -s --si Jimage.image 121G Jimage.image This actually only has 50G of real data on it, though, so the second measurement should be much smaller. This supposedly will fill empty space with zeros: cat /dev/zero > zero.file rm zero.file But if sparse files are handled transparently, it might actually create a sparse file without writing anything to the virtual disk, ironically preventing me from turning the virtual disk image into a sparse file itself. :) Does it? Note: For some reason, sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=./zero.file works when cat does not on a mounted disk image.

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• Cisco ASA: Routing packets based on where the connections started from

  - by DrStalker

  We have a Cisco ASA 5505 (version 8.2(2)) with three interfaces: outside: IP address 11.11.11.11, this is the default route inside: IP address 10.1.1.1, this is the local subnet newlink: 22.22.22.22, this is a new internet connection. We need to move VPN users from the 11.11.11.11 address to the 22.22.22.22 address, and we're using SSH on the ASA as to test and sort out the routing. The problem we have is this: If we define a particular IP as being on a static route out the newlink interface then it can SSH to 22.22.22.22 fine. If we do not define a static route then the traffic hits the ASA, but the return traffic does not come back over newlink; presumably it gets sent over the outside interfcae as that is the default route. We can't define a static route for each remote endpoint because there are dialup VPN users, who obviously change IP a lot What we need to do is configure the ASA so if a connection comes in on the newlink interface then the outgoing packets for that go over the newlink interface, not the default route. With iptables this should be do-able by marking the connection and doing mark-routing, but what is the equivalent for a Cisco ASA?

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• Solaris TCP stack tuning

  - by disserman

  We have a large web project (about 2-3k requests per second), using haproxy (http://haproxy.1wt.eu/) as a frontend and load balancer between the java application servers. The frontend (haproxy) is running on Linux but we are going to migrate it to the Solaris 10 as all our other servers are running under Solaris. After switching a traffic I see the two things: a) the web site became loading slower (5-10 seconds with images in comparison to 2-3 seconds on Linux) b) sometimes haproxy fails to perform a "lifecheck" (get a special web page and analyze http response code) due to the socket timeout. After switching traffic back to Linux everything is okay. I've tried to tune all params I found in /dev/tcp but no progress. I believe the problem is in some open socket limitations. If someone can point me to the answer, I would be greatly appreciated. p.s. haproxy is running under Xen DomU on Linux (Kernel 2.6.18, Debian 5), under zone on Solaris (10 u8). the only thing we did on Linux is increasing of ip_conntrack_max (I believe Solaris option tcp_conn_req_max_q is the equivalent).

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• How to determine which ports are open/closed on a FIREWALL?

  - by Rahl

  It seems no one has asked this question before (most regard host-based firewalls). Anyone familiar with port scanning tools (e.g. nmap) knows all about SYN scanning, FIN scanning, and the like to determine open ports on a host machine. Question is though, how do you determine the open ports on a firewall itself (disregard whether the host you're trying to connect to behind the firewall has those particular ports open or closed). This is assuming the firewall is blocking your IP connection. Example: We all communicate with serverfault.com through port 80 (web traffic). A scan on a host would reveal port 80 is open. If serverfault.com is behind a firewall and still allows this traffic through, then we can assume the firewall has port 80 open also. Now let's assume the firewall is blocking you (e.g. your IP address is under the deny list or is missing in the allowed list). You know port 80 has to be open (it works for appropriate IP addresses), but when you (the disallowed IP) attempt any scanning, all port scan attempts on the firewall drop the packet (including port 80, which we know to be open). So, how might we accomplish a direct firewall scan to reveal open/closed ports on the firewall itself, while still using the disallowed IP?

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• How to setup equivalent USVIDEO.ORG DNS-Proxy on Linux

  - by Gary

  I have a VPS in the USA running Ubuntu. I want to setup something similar to http://www.usvideo.org Basically, USVIDEO is a DNS service that allows Canadians to access American content like Hulu, Netflix, NBC, and etc (restricted by geographical IP). Here is how I think USVideo does it: Clients (PS3, XBOX, PC) specifies the DNS server(s) as specified on USVIDEO.org's website. If the DNS request is a video/audio site such as Netflix or Pandora, forward the request to a proxy. Otherwise, for all other requests, forward it to a different DNS server. If the specific video/audio URL is requested, return the address of the proxy server, which in turn relays traffic to the destination video/audio domain via the U.S. gateway so that it appears that the access is coming from a U.S. IP address. Once the DNS request has passed the U.S. IP address check, their proxy server steps out of the loop and lets the video streaming site contact you directly to start the video stream. This trick relies on the way that the video streaming sites check the country of your IP address once up front, but don't actually check the country of the destination IP address while the video is streaming. What is elegant about this solution is that a VPN Tunnel is not required to bypass geographical IP checks from certain websites. All that is required on the client side is to specify the DNS server (the VPS). If a certain site is geographically locked, just forward the traffic to a proxy, and that's it. These sites can be specified in the DNS entries, or perhaps in the proxy service to redirect the DNS request to its own proxy. I believe what I need to setup something similar is Squid Proxy, IPTables, and DNS. What I need help is how to exactly approach this? Would Squid Proxy be setup as a transparent proxy?

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• Apache ProxyPassReverse and https

  - by joshuaball

  Hi, I would like to map all traffic on 80 and 443 from foo.com to an internal server: 192.168.1.101. I have a VirtualHost (Apache 2.2 on Ubuntu) setup as follows (note, I had to break up the hyperlinks below because I am a 'new user'): <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName foo.com ServerAlias *.foo.com ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.101/ ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.1.101/ </VirtualHost> And that works great for http traffic. However, I can't seem to do the same thing for https. I have tried: Changing VirtualHost *:80 to * - but that doesn't work (I need it http-http and https-https) Creating a new VirtualHost entry for *:443 that redirects to http://192.168.1.101/, but that fails as well (browser timeouts) I did some searching, here and elsewhere, and the closest question I could find was this, but that didn't quite answer it. Also, just out of curiosity, I tried mapping all ports to https (by changing the two ProxyPass lines from http to https (and removing the :80 from VH), and that didn't work either. How would you do that as well? Any thoughts? Thanks in advance.

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• what firefall linux distro applicance could track internet usage per device in my home?

  - by GregH

  Hello, Anyone know of a community edition/open source/free firewall/gateway software product that I could install onto an old PC to act as my firewall/gateway/proxy etc, BUT for which it has the power to track internet usage per device in my home. So: a) Mandatory - Track internet usage for devices on my home network on a per device basis (e.g. various PCs/Xbox etc) b) Mandatory - Report/graph would would give a breakdown of internet usage, per device (e.g. IP address), per day. c) Desirable - as in b) above but per hour d) Desirable - realtime graph (e.g. 5 minute measurement intervals or something) that shows current internet usage per device e) Mandatory - Handles all internal<=internet requests for all protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, xbox etc) f) Mandatory - No explicit settings in clients required - i.e. Transparent Monitoring concept (for both HTTP and non-HTTP traffic like xbox, skype etc) g) Mandatory - easy "appliance" like installation onto a dedicated low spec PC thanks in advance

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• what firefall linux distro applicance could track internet usage per device in my home?

  - by GregH

  Hello, Anyone know of a community edition/open source/free firewall/gateway software product that I could install onto an old PC to act as my firewall/gateway/proxy etc, BUT for which it has the power to track internet usage per device in my home. So: a) Mandatory - Track internet usage for devices on my home network on a per device basis (e.g. various PCs/Xbox etc) b) Mandatory - Report/graph would would give a breakdown of internet usage, per device (e.g. IP address), per day. c) Desirable - as in b) above but per hour d) Desirable - realtime graph (e.g. 5 minute measurement intervals or something) that shows current internet usage per device e) Mandatory - Handles all internal<=internet requests for all protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, xbox etc) f) Mandatory - No explicit settings in clients required - i.e. Transparent Monitoring concept (for both HTTP and non-HTTP traffic like xbox, skype etc) g) Mandatory - easy "appliance" like installation onto a dedicated low spec PC thanks in advance

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• What characteristic of networking/TCP causes linear relation between TCP activity and latency?

  - by DeLongey

  The core of this problem is that our application uses websockets for real-time interfaces. We are testing our app in a new environment but strangely we're noticing an increasing delay in TCP websocket packets associated with an increase in websocket activity. For example, if one websocket event occurs without any other activity in a 1-minute period, the response from the server is instantaneous. However, if we slowly increase client activity the latency in server response increases with a linear relationship (each packet will take more time to reach the client with more activity). For those wondering this is NOT app-related since our logs show that our server is running and responding to requests in under 100ms as desired. The delay starts once the server processes the request and creates the TCP packet and sends it to the client (and not the other way around). Architecture This new environment runs with a Virtual IP address and uses keepalived on a load balancer to balance the traffic between instances. Two boxes sit behind the balancer and all traffic runs through it. Our host provider manages the balancer and we do not have control over that part of the architecture. Theory Could this somehow be related to something buffering the packets in the new environment? Thanks for your help.

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• Apache 2.4 Prefork vs. PHP-FPM Event shows sig decrease in requests per second

  - by Mark

  On my Apache 2.4.2 server with a standard mod_php Prefork setup these are my server-status results Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:36:24 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 01:27:30 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 18 hours 8 minutes 54 seconds Total accesses: 14304233 - Total Traffic: 342.3 GB CPU Usage: u12584.6 s721.93 cu.66 cs3.43 - 20.4% CPU load 219 requests/sec - 5.4 MB/second - 25.1 kB/request 507 requests currently being processed, 355 idle workers ______KKKKR_K______W_KKC___CKK_K_K_W__CC_KKK_KK._K_K_KK._KKKK_K_ K_____KK_KKKK_K_KK__K___KK_K___K_____CKKK_WK_K_____KCKK__K___K_K K_CK_K_K_____K__KKKK_K__K___K_KK_K_K_KKKCK____________KK_CK__KKK __C_KKKKKKK___CK___C_KKK_K__C__K_CK____KKK__K__K__K_K__KK_CK_K__ _KKKKK_K_W__KK______K___K__W___C_K__K____KKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKCK_K___ _C_KK_K_WK__K_KK__K__RK_KK___K____K_KK_K_K___RKC_KKKK___KKKC_K_W _C_KK_KK__W____KC__KKK__KKK___K___KKK_KK_K_KKW__K_KR_KK_KK__KKK_ R__KKK__KKKKKK__K_KKKKK_K__K_K___KKW_________KK_K___KKK___KK.K_C KKKKKKW_____K__K_KKC_KCKK_K_KK_K__KK__K___K__KK_KK__________KK__ __K___KK_K__K_C_KK_K___KK__KK__K__KCK_K__KK_________K_K_KK__.K__ K_CKK.CCRW__KKKKKKKKKKKC__W____K___KWK_KK_KKC______.K_K_KK_KKKC_ __KKK_W_KCKKK_K_K____CCCK__KC_KKKK_K____K_CK_K____K__K____KKK_KK KK___K_K_K__KW__KCKKKK____WKWK__K_KKRKK__C_K_KK_KK_K__KKCC_K__C_ KK_K___K_KK______K_____CKK_K_______KK_CKCK__KKKKK____K__K..K____ __KKWK_KW__KKK__K_KKK___K_KK_KKK__KK___KK___KK_KK___KK____KKWKKC KK_KKKK_................................` When I switch to a PHP-FPM setup with the Event MPM with no other variables changes, my requests/sec plummet and overall apache response is garbage. Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:51:21 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:48:03 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 3 minutes 18 seconds Total accesses: 18720 - Total Traffic: 307.1 MB CPU Usage: u16.57 s4.74 cu0 cs0 - 10.8% CPU load 94.5 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 16.8 kB/request 15 requests currently being processed, 49 idle workers PID Connections Threads Async connections total accepting busy idle writing keep-alive closing 11701 114 no 10 22 0 66 38 11702 134 no 5 27 0 81 48 Sum 248 15 49 0 147 86 __R_R__W___RRW________RR__R___W_W_______W_____W_____________R_R_ Is there any obvious reason anyone could think of why this would be the case. I can provide any other additional stats or server setup info to help out. Ive tried tweaking everything up and down and nothing really helps get the PHP-FPM setup anywhere near a baseic prefork/mod-php setup. Thanks!

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• How can I bridge a VM to a remote network?

  - by asciiphil

  I have a system running QEMU/KVM (via libvirt). One of its VMs needs to have a presence on a subnet that is not local to the VM host. I have a Linux system on the remote subnet. Is there a way to set up some sort of tunneled bridge to cause the VM to appear present on the remote system? This will be a temporary situation (hopefully just until the VM owner can configure their system) and network performance and long-term maintainability aren't really issues. To give some more concrete information: My VM host has IP address 192.168.54.155/24. The VM has IP address 192.168.65.71/24. I have a remote system at 192.168.65.254/24. Both the VM host and remote system are running Scientific Linux 6.5. I do not control the network or routing in between the VM host and remote system. I do not have access to the guest OS on the VM. I would like traffic to the VM's IP address to end up at the VM even though its host isn't directly connected to the appropriate network. I've tried using iproute2's tunnelling, but Linux won't let me add a tunnel to a bridge. I've considered using some sort of iptables mangling to route traffic over the tunnel and make the VM think it's on the right network, but I'm not sure whether there are better approaches. What's the best way to accomplish this hack?

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• BGP Multihomed/Multi-location best practice

  - by Tom O'Connor

  We're in the process of designing a new iteration of our network where we improve resilliency by adding a second datacentre. We'll be adding a second datacentre, with an identical configuration of servers as our primary location. To achieve network connectivity, we're looking into a couple of possible methods. See earlier questions http://serverfault.com/questions/86736/best-way-to-improve-resilience and http://serverfault.com/questions/101582/dns-round-robin-failover-and-load-balancing I'm pretty convinced that BGP is the right way to go about this, and this question is not about RRDNS. 1) If we have 2 locations, do we announce the same IP address block from both locations? 2) If we did this, but had a management ssh interface on x.x.x.50 from datacentre A, but it was on x.x.x.150 in datacentre B. What is the best practice mechanism for achieving this? Because if I were nearest to A, then all my traffic would go to x.50, but if i attempted to connect to x.150, I'd not be able to connect, because this address wouldn't be valid at A, but only at B. Is the best solution to announce 2 different netblocks, one at each location, facilitating the need for RRDNS, or to announce a single block, and run some form of VPN between the two sites for managment traffic?

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• Secondary IP (eth0:0) acts like main server IP

  - by George Tasioulis

  I have a CentOS server, configured with 4 consecutive IPs: eth0 5.x.x.251 eth0:0 5.x.x.252 eth0:1 5.x.x.253 eth0:2 5.x.x.254 The problem is that all traffic goes out to the internet with eth0:0 (5.x.x.252) as the source IP, instead of eth0. # curl ifconfig.me 5.x.x.252 How can I fix this, so that all traffic goes out via eth0, ie my main IP? PS: My server is VPS running on a Xen dom0, the latter being configured in routed mode networking. Thanks in advance! Server configuration # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.251 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::x:x:x:x/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14675569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9463227 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4122016502 (3.8 GiB) TX bytes:25959110751 (24.1 GiB) Interrupt:23 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.252 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.253 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.254 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 5.x.x.251 [fqdn] [hostname] # cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.251 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 SCOPE="peer 5.x.y.82" # cat ifcfg-eth0:0 DEVICE=eth0:0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.252 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 # cat route-eth0 ADDRESS0=0.0.0.0 NETMASK0=0.0.0.0 GATEWAY0=5.x.y.82 # netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 5.x.x.224 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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• Esx servers in a DMZ

  - by James

  I have two ESX 3.5 servers in a DMZ. I can access these servers on any port from my lan via a VPN. Servers in the DMZ are unable to initiate connections back to the lan, for obvious reasons. I have a vCenter server on my lan and can initially connect to the esx servers fine. However the esx servers then try to send a hearth beat back to the vCenter server on udp/902 obviously this will not get back to the vCenter server, which then marks the ESX servers as not responding and disconnects. There are two broad solutions I can think of; 1) Try to tell vCenter to ignore not getting heart beats. The best I can do here is delay the disconnect by 3 mins. 2) Try some clever network solution. However again I am at loss. Note: The vCenter server is on a lan, and cannot be given a public IP, so firewall rules back will not work. And also I cannot setup a VPN from the DMZ to the lan. **I am adding the following, explanation that I added to the comments Ok maybe this is the bit that I not explaining well. The DMZ is on a remote site, an entirely independent network (network 1). The vCenter server is on our office lan (network 2). Network 2 can connect to any machine on any port on network 1. But network 1 is not allowed to initiate a connection to network 2. Any traffic destined to network 2 from network 1 gets dropped by the firewall as it is traffic to a non-routable address. The only solution I can think of is setting up a VPN from network 1 to network 2, but this is not acceptable So any clever folk out there any ideas? J

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