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  • Oracle?????????????~????????????????????

    - by Yusuke.Yamamoto
    RDBMS ???????·????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????Oracle ?????????????????????????????????? Oracle Database ???????????????????????????????? Oracle????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Oracle Database ?? Compile Time ???????? ?????????SQL??????Oracle Database ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? RDBMS ???????????????????? ???????????????? Oracle Database ????????????????????????? ?????????????Oracle Database ????????????????????????????RDBMS ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? Oracle Database ???????????????????????? Oracle Database ????????????????????? "Oracle ????????" ?????????? Sustaining Engineering?? ?(??? ???) ???????????????? Sustaining Engineering ????????????????????????Oracle Database ???????????????????????? Oracle????????????????????????! Oracle?????????????

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  • Database Migration Scripts: Getting from place A to place B

    - by Phil Factor
    We’ll be looking at a typical database ‘migration’ script which uses an unusual technique to migrate existing ‘de-normalised’ data into a more correct form. So, the book-distribution business that uses the PUBS database has gradually grown organically, and has slipped into ‘de-normalisation’ habits. What’s this? A new column with a list of tags or ‘types’ assigned to books. Because books aren’t really in just one category, someone has ‘cured’ the mismatch between the database and the business requirements. This is fine, but it is now proving difficult for their new website that allows searches by tags. Any request for history book really has to look in the entire list of associated tags rather than the ‘Type’ field that only keeps the primary tag. We have other problems. The TypleList column has duplicates in there which will be affecting the reporting, and there is the danger of mis-spellings getting there. The reporting system can’t be persuaded to do reports based on the tags and the Database developers are complaining about the unCoddly things going on in their database. In your version of PUBS, this extra column doesn’t exist, so we’ve added it and put in 10,000 titles using SQL Data Generator. /* So how do we refactor this database? firstly, we create a table of all the tags. */IF  OBJECT_ID('TagName') IS NULL OR OBJECT_ID('TagTitle') IS NULL  BEGIN  CREATE TABLE  TagName (TagName_ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY ,     Tag VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE)  /* ...and we insert into it all the tags from the list (remembering to take out any leading spaces */  INSERT INTO TagName (Tag)     SELECT DISTINCT LTRIM(x.y.value('.', 'Varchar(80)')) AS [Tag]     FROM     (SELECT  Title_ID,          CONVERT(XML, '<list><i>' + REPLACE(TypeList, ',', '</i><i>') + '</i></list>')          AS XMLkeywords          FROM   dbo.titles)g    CROSS APPLY XMLkeywords.nodes('/list/i/text()') AS x ( y )  /* we can then use this table to provide a table that relates tags to articles */  CREATE TABLE TagTitle   (TagTitle_ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1),   [title_id] [dbo].[tid] NOT NULL REFERENCES titles (Title_ID),   TagName_ID INT NOT NULL REFERENCES TagName (Tagname_ID)   CONSTRAINT [PK_TagTitle]       PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([title_id] ASC, TagName_ID)       ON [PRIMARY])        CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idxTagName_ID  ON  TagTitle (TagName_ID)  INCLUDE (TagTitle_ID,title_id)        /* ...and it is easy to fill this with the tags for each title ... */        INSERT INTO TagTitle (Title_ID, TagName_ID)    SELECT DISTINCT Title_ID, TagName_ID      FROM        (SELECT  Title_ID,          CONVERT(XML, '<list><i>' + REPLACE(TypeList, ',', '</i><i>') + '</i></list>')          AS XMLkeywords          FROM   dbo.titles)g    CROSS APPLY XMLkeywords.nodes('/list/i/text()') AS x ( y )    INNER JOIN TagName ON TagName.Tag=LTRIM(x.y.value('.', 'Varchar(80)'))    END    /* That's all there was to it. Now we can select all titles that have the military tag, just to try things out */SELECT Title FROM titles  INNER JOIN TagTitle ON titles.title_ID=TagTitle.Title_ID  INNER JOIN Tagname ON Tagname.TagName_ID=TagTitle.TagName_ID  WHERE tagname.tag='Military'/* and see the top ten most popular tags for titles */SELECT Tag, COUNT(*) FROM titles  INNER JOIN TagTitle ON titles.title_ID=TagTitle.Title_ID  INNER JOIN Tagname ON Tagname.TagName_ID=TagTitle.TagName_ID  GROUP BY Tag ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC/* and if you still want your list of tags for each title, then here they are */SELECT title_ID, title, STUFF(  (SELECT ','+tagname.tag FROM titles thisTitle    INNER JOIN TagTitle ON titles.title_ID=TagTitle.Title_ID    INNER JOIN Tagname ON Tagname.TagName_ID=TagTitle.TagName_ID  WHERE ThisTitle.title_id=titles.title_ID  FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'varchar(max)')  ,1,1,'')    FROM titles  ORDER BY title_ID So we’ve refactored our PUBS database without pain. We’ve even put in a check to prevent it being re-run once the new tables are created. Here is the diagram of the new tag relationship We’ve done both the DDL to create the tables and their associated components, and the DML to put the data in them. I could have also included the script to remove the de-normalised TypeList column, but I’d do a whole lot of tests first before doing that. Yes, I’ve left out the assertion tests too, which should check the edge cases and make sure the result is what you’d expect. One thing I can’t quite figure out is how to deal with an ordered list using this simple XML-based technique. We can ensure that, if we have to produce a list of tags, we can get the primary ‘type’ to be first in the list, but what if the entire order is significant? Thank goodness it isn’t in this case. If it were, we might have to revisit a string-splitter function that returns the ordinal position of each component in the sequence. You’ll see immediately that we can create a synchronisation script for deployment from a comparison tool such as SQL Compare, to change the schema (DDL). On the other hand, no tool could do the DML to stuff the data into the new table, since there is no way that any tool will be able to work out where the data should go. We used some pretty hairy code to deal with a slightly untypical problem. We would have to do this migration by hand, and it has to go into source control as a batch. If most of your database changes are to be deployed by an automated process, then there must be a way of over-riding this part of the data synchronisation process to do this part of the process taking the part of the script that fills the tables, Checking that the tables have not already been filled, and executing it as part of the transaction. Of course, you might prefer the approach I’ve taken with the script of creating the tables in the same batch as the data conversion process, and then using the presence of the tables to prevent the script from being re-run. The problem with scripting a refactoring change to a database is that it has to work both ways. If we install the new system and then have to rollback the changes, several books may have been added, or had their tags changed, in the meantime. Yes, you have to script any rollback! These have to be mercilessly tested, and put in source control just in case of the rollback of a deployment after it has been in place for any length of time. I’ve shown you how to do this with the part of the script .. /* and if you still want your list of tags for each title, then here they are */SELECT title_ID, title, STUFF(  (SELECT ','+tagname.tag FROM titles thisTitle    INNER JOIN TagTitle ON titles.title_ID=TagTitle.Title_ID    INNER JOIN Tagname ON Tagname.TagName_ID=TagTitle.TagName_ID  WHERE ThisTitle.title_id=titles.title_ID  FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'varchar(max)')  ,1,1,'')    FROM titles  ORDER BY title_ID …which would be turned into an UPDATE … FROM script. UPDATE titles SET  typelist= ThisTaglistFROM     (SELECT title_ID, title, STUFF(    (SELECT ','+tagname.tag FROM titles thisTitle      INNER JOIN TagTitle ON titles.title_ID=TagTitle.Title_ID      INNER JOIN Tagname ON Tagname.TagName_ID=TagTitle.TagName_ID    WHERE ThisTitle.title_id=titles.title_ID    ORDER BY CASE WHEN tagname.tag=titles.[type] THEN 1 ELSE 0  END DESC    FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'varchar(max)')    ,1,1,'')  AS ThisTagList  FROM titles)fINNER JOIN Titles ON f.title_ID=Titles.title_ID You’ll notice that it isn’t quite a round trip because the tags are in a different order, though we’ve managed to make sure that the primary tag is the first one as originally. So, we’ve improved the database for the poor book distributors using PUBS. It is not a major deal but you’ve got to be prepared to provide a migration script that will go both forwards and backwards. Ideally, database refactoring scripts should be able to go from any version to any other. Schema synchronization scripts can do this pretty easily, but no data synchronisation scripts can deal with serious refactoring jobs without the developers being able to specify how to deal with cases like this.

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  • Refactoring a Single Rails Model with large methods & long join queries trying to do everything

    - by Kelseydh
    I have a working Ruby on Rails Model that I suspect is inefficient, hard to maintain, and full of unnecessary SQL join queries. I want to optimize and refactor this Model (Quiz.rb) to comply with Rails best practices, but I'm not sure how I should do it. The Rails app is a game that has Missions with many Stages. Users complete Stages by answering Questions that have correct or incorrect Answers. When a User tries to complete a stage by answering questions, the User gets a Quiz entry with many Attempts. Each Attempt records an Answer submitted for that Question within the Stage. A user completes a stage or mission by getting every Attempt correct, and their progress is tracked by adding a new entry to the UserMission & UserStage join tables. All of these features work, but unfortunately the Quiz.rb Model has been twisted to handle almost all of it exclusively. The callbacks began at 'Quiz.rb', and because I wasn't sure how to leave the Quiz Model during a multi-model update, I resorted to using Rails Console to have the @quiz instance variable via self.some_method do all the heavy lifting to retrieve every data value for the game's business logic; resulting in large extended join queries that "dance" all around the Database schema. The Quiz.rb Model that Smells: class Quiz < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user has_many :attempts, dependent: :destroy before_save :check_answer before_save :update_user_mission_and_stage accepts_nested_attributes_for :attempts, :reject_if => lambda { |a| a[:answer_id].blank? }, :allow_destroy => true #Checks every answer within each quiz, adding +1 for each correct answer #within a stage quiz, and -1 for each incorrect answer def check_answer stage_score = 0 self.attempts.each do |attempt| if attempt.answer.correct? == true stage_score += 1 elsif attempt.answer.correct == false stage_score - 1 end end stage_score end def winner return true end def update_user_mission_and_stage ####### #Step 1: Checks if UserMission exists, finds or creates one. #if no UserMission for the current mission exists, creates a new UserMission if self.user_has_mission? == false @user_mission = UserMission.new(user_id: self.user.id, mission_id: self.current_stage.mission_id, available: true) @user_mission.save else @user_mission = self.find_user_mission end ####### #Step 2: Checks if current UserStage exists, stops if true to prevent duplicate entry if self.user_has_stage? @user_mission.save return true else ####### ##Step 3: if step 2 returns false: ##Initiates UserStage creation instructions #checks for winner (winner actions need to be defined) if they complete last stage of last mission for a given orientation if self.passed? && self.is_last_stage? && self.is_last_mission? create_user_stage_and_update_user_mission self.winner #NOTE: The rest are the same, but specify conditions that are available to add badges or other actions upon those conditions occurring: ##if user completes first stage of a mission elsif self.passed? && self.is_first_stage? && self.is_first_mission? create_user_stage_and_update_user_mission #creates user badge for finishing first stage of first mission self.user.add_badge(5) self.user.activity_logs.create(description: "granted first-stage badge", type_event: "badge", value: "first-stage") #If user completes last stage of a given mission, creates a new UserMission elsif self.passed? && self.is_last_stage? && self.is_first_mission? create_user_stage_and_update_user_mission #creates user badge for finishing first mission self.user.add_badge(6) self.user.activity_logs.create(description: "granted first-mission badge", type_event: "badge", value: "first-mission") elsif self.passed? create_user_stage_and_update_user_mission else self.passed? == false return true end end end #Creates a new UserStage record in the database for a successful Quiz question passing def create_user_stage_and_update_user_mission @nu_stage = @user_mission.user_stages.new(user_id: self.user.id, stage_id: self.current_stage.id) @nu_stage.save @user_mission.save self.user.add_points(50) end #Boolean that defines passing a stage as answering every question in that stage correct def passed? self.check_answer >= self.number_of_questions end #Returns the number of questions asked for that stage's quiz def number_of_questions self.attempts.first.answer.question.stage.questions.count end #Returns the current_stage for the Quiz, routing through 1st attempt in that Quiz def current_stage self.attempts.first.answer.question.stage end #Gives back the position of the stage relative to its mission. def stage_position self.attempts.first.answer.question.stage.position end #will find the user_mission for the current user and stage if it exists def find_user_mission self.user.user_missions.find_by_mission_id(self.current_stage.mission_id) end #Returns true if quiz was for the last stage within that mission #helpful for triggering actions related to a user completing a mission def is_last_stage? self.stage_position == self.current_stage.mission.stages.last.position end #Returns true if quiz was for the first stage within that mission #helpful for triggering actions related to a user completing a mission def is_first_stage? self.stage_position == self.current_stage.mission.stages_ordered.first.position end #Returns true if current user has a UserMission for the current stage def user_has_mission? self.user.missions.ids.include?(self.current_stage.mission.id) end #Returns true if current user has a UserStage for the current stage def user_has_stage? self.user.stages.include?(self.current_stage) end #Returns true if current user is on the last mission based on position within a given orientation def is_first_mission? self.user.missions.first.orientation.missions.by_position.first.position == self.current_stage.mission.position end #Returns true if current user is on the first stage & mission of a given orientation def is_last_mission? self.user.missions.first.orientation.missions.by_position.last.position == self.current_stage.mission.position end end My Question Currently my Rails server takes roughly 500ms to 1 sec to process single @quiz.save action. I am confident that the slowness here is due to sloppy code, not bad Database ERD design. What does a better solution look like? And specifically: Should I use join queries to retrieve values like I did here, or is it better to instantiate new objects within the model instead? Or am I missing a better solution? How should update_user_mission_and_stage be refactored to follow best practices? Relevant Code for Reference: quizzes_controller.rb w/ Controller Route Initiating Callback: class QuizzesController < ApplicationController before_action :find_stage_and_mission before_action :find_orientation before_action :find_question def show end def create @user = current_user @quiz = current_user.quizzes.new(quiz_params) if @quiz.save if @quiz.passed? if @mission.next_mission.nil? && @stage.next_stage.nil? redirect_to root_path, notice: "Congratulations, you have finished the last mission!" elsif @stage.next_stage.nil? redirect_to [@mission.next_mission, @mission.first_stage], notice: "Correct! Time for Mission #{@mission.next_mission.position}", info: "Starting next mission" else redirect_to [@mission, @stage.next_stage], notice: "Answer Correct! You passed the stage!" end else redirect_to [@mission, @stage], alert: "You didn't get every question right, please try again." end else redirect_to [@mission, @stage], alert: "Sorry. We were unable to save your answer. Please contact the admministrator." end @questions = @stage.questions.all end private def find_stage_and_mission @stage = Stage.find(params[:stage_id]) @mission = @stage.mission end def find_question @question = @stage.questions.find_by_id params[:id] end def quiz_params params.require(:quiz).permit(:user_id, :attempt_id, {attempts_attributes: [:id, :quiz_id, :answer_id]}) end def find_orientation @orientation = @mission.orientation @missions = @orientation.missions.by_position end end Overview of Relevant ERD Database Relationships: Mission - Stage - Question - Answer - Attempt <- Quiz <- User Mission - UserMission <- User Stage - UserStage <- User Other Models: Mission.rb class Mission < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :orientation has_many :stages has_many :user_missions, dependent: :destroy has_many :users, through: :user_missions #SCOPES scope :by_position, -> {order(position: :asc)} def stages_ordered stages.order(:position) end def next_mission self.orientation.missions.find_by_position(self.position.next) end def first_stage next_mission.stages_ordered.first end end Stage.rb: class Stage < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :mission has_many :questions, dependent: :destroy has_many :user_stages, dependent: :destroy has_many :users, through: :user_stages accepts_nested_attributes_for :questions, reject_if: :all_blank, allow_destroy: true def next_stage self.mission.stages.find_by_position(self.position.next) end end Question.rb class Question < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :stage has_many :answers, dependent: :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :answers, :reject_if => lambda { |a| a[:body].blank? }, :allow_destroy => true end Answer.rb: class Answer < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :question has_many :attempts, dependent: :destroy end Attempt.rb: class Attempt < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :answer belongs_to :quiz end User.rb: class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :school has_many :activity_logs has_many :user_missions, dependent: :destroy has_many :missions, through: :user_missions has_many :user_stages, dependent: :destroy has_many :stages, through: :user_stages has_many :orientations, through: :school has_many :quizzes, dependent: :destroy has_many :attempts, through: :quizzes def latest_stage_position self.user_missions.last.user_stages.last.stage.position end end UserMission.rb class UserMission < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :mission has_many :user_stages, dependent: :destroy end UserStage.rb class UserStage < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :stage belongs_to :user_mission end

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  • Dissertation about website and database security - in need of some pointers

    - by ClarkeyBoy
    Hi, I am on my dissertation in my final year at university at the moment. One of the areas I need to research is security - for both websites and for databases. I currently have sections on the following: Website Form security - such as data validation. This section is more about preventing errors made by legitimate users as much as possible rather than stopping hackers, for example comparing a field to a regular expression and giving them meaningful feedback on any errors which did occur so as to stop it happening again. Constraints. For example if a value must be true or false then use a checkbox. If it is likely to be one of several values then use a dropdown or a set of radio boxes, and so on. If the value is unpredictable then use regular expressions to limit what characters they are allowed to enter, and to restrict the length of the string, and sometimes to limit the format (such as for dates / times, post codes and so on). Sometimes you can limit permissions to the form. This is on the occasion that you know exactly who (whether it be peoples names or a group of people - such as administrators or employees) is going to need access to the form. Restricting permissions will stop members of the public from being able to access the form. Symbols or strings which could be used maliciously or cause the website to act incorrectly (such as the script tag) should be filtered out or html encoded. Captcha images can be used to prevent automated systems from filling in and submitting the form. There are some hacks for file uploads - such as using double extensions - which can allow hackers to upload malicious files. Databases (this is nowhere near done yet but the sections I have planned are listed below) SQL statements vs stored procedures Throwing an error when one of the variables contains particular characters or groups of characters (I cant remember what characters they are, but I have seen a message thrown back at me before where I have tried to enter html or something into a text area). SQL Injection - and ways around it, with some examples. Does anyone have any hints and tips on where I could go for some decent, reliable information either about these areas or about other areas of security that I could cover? Thanks in advance. Regards, Richard PS I am a complete newbie when it comes to security, so please be patient with me. If any of the information I have put down is wrong or could be sub-sectioned then please feel free to say so.

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  • Multiple database with Spring+Hibernate+JPA

    - by ziftech
    Hi everybody! I'm trying to configure Spring+Hibernate+JPA for work with two databases (MySQL and MSSQL) my datasource-context.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"> <!-- Data Source config --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${local.jdbc.driver}" p:url="${local.jdbc.url}" p:username="${local.jdbc.username}" p:password="${local.jdbc.password}"> </bean> <bean id="dataSourceRemote" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${remote.jdbc.driver}" p:url="${remote.jdbc.url}" p:username="${remote.jdbc.username}" p:password="${remote.jdbc.password}" /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" p:entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" /> <!-- JPA config --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> <bean id="persistenceUnitManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.DefaultPersistenceUnitManager"> <property name="persistenceXmlLocations"> <list value-type="java.lang.String"> <value>classpath*:config/persistence.local.xml</value> <value>classpath*:config/persistence.remote.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="dataSources"> <map> <entry key="localDataSource" value-ref="dataSource" /> <entry key="remoteDataSource" value-ref="dataSourceRemote" /> </map> </property> <property name="defaultDataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" p:showSql="true" p:generateDdl="true"> </bean> </property> <property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager" /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="localjpa"/> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" /> </beans> each persistence.xml contains one unit, like this: <persistence-unit name="remote" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <properties> <property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.DefaultNamingStrategy" /> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="${remote.hibernate.dialect}" /> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="${remote.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> PersistenceUnitManager cause following exception: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'persistenceUnitManager' while setting bean property 'persistenceUnitManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceUnitManager' defined in class path resource [config/datasource-context.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException: Failed to convert property value of type [java.util.ArrayList] to required type [java.lang.String] for property 'persistenceXmlLocation'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot convert value of type [java.util.ArrayList] to required type [java.lang.String] for property 'persistenceXmlLocation': no matching editors or conversion strategy found If left only one persistence.xml without list, every works fine but I need 2 units... I also try to find alternative solution for work with two databases in Spring+Hibernate context, so I would appreciate any solution new error after changing to persistenceXmlLocations No single default persistence unit defined in {classpath:config/persistence.local.xml, classpath:config/persistence.remote.xml} UPDATE: I add persistenceUnitName, it works, but only with one unit, still need help UPDATE: thanks, ChssPly76 I changed config files: datasource-context.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${local.jdbc.driver}" p:url="${local.jdbc.url}" p:username="${local.jdbc.username}" p:password="${local.jdbc.password}"> </bean> <bean id="dataSourceRemote" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${remote.jdbc.driver}" p:url="${remote.jdbc.url}" p:username="${remote.jdbc.username}" p:password="${remote.jdbc.password}"> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"> <property name="defaultPersistenceUnitName" value="pu1" /> </bean> <bean id="persistenceUnitManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.DefaultPersistenceUnitManager"> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="${persistence.xml.location}" /> <property name="defaultDataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!-- problem --> <property name="dataSources"> <map> <entry key="local" value-ref="dataSource" /> <entry key="remote" value-ref="dataSourceRemote" /> </map> </property> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" p:showSql="true" p:generateDdl="true"> </bean> </property> <property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager" /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu1" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactoryRemote" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" p:showSql="true" p:generateDdl="true"> </bean> </property> <property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager" /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu2" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSourceRemote" /> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" p:entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" /> <bean id="transactionManagerRemote" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" p:entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoryRemote" /> </beans> persistence.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="pu1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <properties> <property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.DefaultNamingStrategy" /> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="${local.hibernate.dialect}" /> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="${local.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> <persistence-unit name="pu2" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <properties> <property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.DefaultNamingStrategy" /> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="${remote.hibernate.dialect}" /> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="${remote.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> Now it builds two entityManagerFactory, but both are for Microsoft SQL Server [main] INFO org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration - Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [ name: pu1 ...] [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - RDBMS: Microsoft SQL Server [main] INFO org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration - Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [ name: pu2 ...] [main] INFO org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory - RDBMS: Microsoft SQL Server (but must MySQL) I suggest, that use only dataSource, dataSourceRemote (no substitution) is not worked. That's my last problem

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  • Cross-platform embedded database/key-value store for C#

    - by Arne Claassen
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  • Database design for summarized data

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  • Finding first alphabetic character in a DB2 database field

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    I'm doing a bit of work which requires me to truncate DB2 character-based fields. Essentially, I need to discard all text which is found at or after the first alphabetic character. e.g. 102048994BLAHBLAHBLAH becomes:- 102048994 In SQL Server, this would be a doddle - PATINDEX would swoop in and save the day. Much celebration would ensue. My problem is that I need to do this in DB2. Worse, the result needs to be used in a join query, also in DB2. I can't find an easy way to do this. Is there a PATINDEX equivalent in DB2? Is there another way to solve this problem? If need be, I'll hardcode 26 chained LOCATE functions to get my result, but if there is a better way, I am all ears.

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  • general database modeling and django specific modeling

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    I'm wondering what is the best way to model something like the following. Lets say my company sells metal bars (parameters/fields are: length, profile_type, quantity etc.) of different profiles, where profiles may be pipe(pipe_diameter, wall_thickness) or hollow_rectangle(base, height, wall_thickness), or maybe some other profile with different parameters. Lets say maximum number of profiles would be 12, each profile having between 2-5 parameters. Should everything be in a single table like table_bars: id, length, quantity, profile_type, pipe_diameter, wall_thickness, base, height, etc.) where profile type would be (pipe, rectangle etc.) or should every shape have its own table with its own parameters and in table_bars keep only id, length, quantity profile_type and profile_id) and are there any django specific issues is multiple tables are the best answer? Thanks

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  • Tutorials for .NET database app using SQLite

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    I have some MS Access experience, and had a class on console c++ apps, now I am trying to develop my first program. It's a little C# db app. I have the db tables and columns planned and keyed into VS, but that's where I'm stuck. I'm needing C#/VS tutorials that will guide me on configuring relationships, datatyping, etc, on the db so I can get it ready for testing of the schema. The only tutorials I've been able to find either talk about general db basics (ie, not helping me with VS/C#), or about C# communications with an existing SQL db. Thank you. (In case it matters, I'm using the open source System.Data.SQLite (sqlite.phxsoftware.com) for the db. I chose it over SQL Server CE after seeing a comparison between the two. Also I wanted a server-less version of SQL because this little app will be on other people's computers and I want to to do as little support as possible.)

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  • Implementing database redundancy with sharded tables

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    We're looking to implement load balancing by horizontally sharding our tables across a cluster of servers. What are some options to implement live redundancy should a server fail? Would it be effective to do (2) INSERTS instead of one ... one to the target shard, and another to a secondary shard which could be accessed should the primary shard not respond? Or is there a better way? Thanks.

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  • Main pricing and support for individual client pricing (Database Architecture ideas help - Rails)

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    Hi all, I have a personal project I'm planning and I came to a small hurdle. I want to have an item with price that will be the default for all clients/users. However, in my business I have some clients that are grandfathered in to some special pricing. In the case of these grandfathered in cases, I'll manually plug their special price in my admin section. Then all they will see is their special pricing while the regular users/clients see the default price. What is the best and simplest way to design the back-end for this? FYI - I'll be using rails as my framework. Many thanks! -Tony

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  • Main pricing and support for custom client pricing (Database Architecture ideas help - Rails)

    - by slythic
    Hi all, I have a personal project I'm planning and I came to a small hurdle. I want to have an item with price that will be the default for all clients/users. However, in my business I have some clients that are grandfathered in to some special pricing. In the case of these grandfathered in cases, I'll manually plug their special price in my admin section. Then all they will see is their special pricing while the regular users/clients see the default price. What is the best and simplest way to design the back-end for this? FYI - I'll be using rails as my framework. Many thanks! -Tony

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  • database datatype size

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    Just to clarify by specifying sth like VARCHAR(45) means it can take up to max 45 characters? I rmb I heard from someone a few years ago that the number in the parathesis doesn't refer to the no of characters, then the person tried to explain to me sth quite complicated which i don't understand n forgot alr. And what is the difference btn CHAR and VARCHAR? I did search ard a bit and see that CHAR gives u the max of the size of the column and it is better to use it if ur data has a fix size and use VARCHAR if ur data size varies. But if it gives u the max of the size of the column of all the data of this col, isn't it better to use it when ur data size varies? Esp if u don't know how big is ur data size gg to be. VARCHAR needs to specify the size (CHAR don't really need right?), isn't it more troublesome?

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  • Database warehouse design: fact tables and dimension tables

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    I am building a poor man's data warehouse using a RDBMS. I have identified the key 'attributes' to be recorded as: sex (true/false) demographic classification (A, B, C etc) place of birth date of birth weight (recorded daily): The fact that is being recorded My requirements are to be able to run 'OLAP' queries that allow me to: 'slice and dice' 'drill up/down' the data and generally, be able to view the data from different perspectives After reading up on this topic area, the general consensus seems to be that this is best implemented using dimension tables rather than normalized tables. Assuming that this assertion is true (i.e. the solution is best implemented using fact and dimension tables), I would like to seek some help in the design of these tables. 'Natural' (or obvious) dimensions are: Date dimension Geographical location Which have hierarchical attributes. However, I am struggling with how to model the following fields: sex (true/false) demographic classification (A, B, C etc) The reason I am struggling with these fields is that: They have no obvious hierarchical attributes which will aid aggregation (AFAIA) - which suggest they should be in a fact table They are mostly static or very rarely change - which suggests they should be in a dimension table. Maybe the heuristic I am using above is too crude? I will give some examples on the type of analysis I would like to carryout on the data warehouse - hopefully that will clarify things further. I would like to aggregate and analyze the data by sex and demographic classification - e.g. answer questions like: How does male and female weights compare across different demographic classifications? Which demographic classification (male AND female), show the most increase in weight this quarter. etc. Can anyone clarify whether sex and demographic classification are part of the fact table, or whether they are (as I suspect) dimension tables.? Also assuming they are dimension tables, could someone elaborate on the table structures (i.e. the fields)? The 'obvious' schema: CREATE TABLE sex_type (is_male int); CREATE TABLE demographic_category (id int, name varchar(4)); may not be the correct one.

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  • EAV Database Sheme

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    Hello Stackoverflow comunity! I believe that my question has to do with all db guru here! Do you know the EAV DB Scheme ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-attribute-value_model ) and what they say about the performing of this model. I wonder, If I break this model into smaller tables what the result is? Let's talk about it. I have a db with more that 100K records. A lot of categories and many items ( with different properties per category ) Everything is stored in a EAV. If I try to break this scheme and create for any category a unique table is something that will I have to avoid? Yes, I know that probably I'll have a lot of tables and I'll need to ALTER them if I want to add an extra field, BUT is this so wrong? I have also read that as many tables I have, the db will be populate with more files and this isn't good for any filesystem. Any suggestion? Thank you!

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  • good database design for localization

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  • EF4 cross database relationships

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  • c# reading integer fields from database, returning empty string when reading integer type field

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    what is wrong with this code? field="id"; table="MInvMonth"; condition="machine_id=37"; public static String getConditionedField(String field, String table, String condition) try { if (cmd == null) getConnection(); cmd.CommandText = "Select " + field + " from " + table + " where " + condition; SQLiteDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); if (reader.HasRows==true) { reader.Read(); string s = reader[0].ToString(); // return first element reader.Close(); return s; } reader.Close(); return null; } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show("Caught exception: " + e.Message+"|"+cmd.CommandText); return null; } I checked the sql statement, it turns the right value. why can't I read it? the returnvalue is "".

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  • What relational database innovations have there been in the last 10 years

    - by Simon Munro
    The SQL implementation of relational databases has been around in their current form for something like 25 years (since System R and Ingres). Even the main (loosely adhered to) standard is ANSI-92 (although there were later updates) is a good 15 years old. What innovations can you think of with SQL based databases in the last ten years or so. I am specifically excluding OLAP, Columnar and other non-relational (or at least non SQL) innovations. I also want to exclude 'application server' type features and bundling (like reporting tools) Although the basic approach has remained fairly static, I can think of: Availability Ability to handle larger sets of data Ease of maintenance and configuration Support for more advanced data types (blob, xml, unicode etc) Any others that you can think of?

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