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  • What (software) usb sniffers are available for windows?

    - by frankster
    Are there any software drivers for windows 7 (64-bit) that can report the data transferred between some application software and a usb device? I have tried snoopy (http://sourceforge.net/projects/usbsnoop/) but I can't get it working. Possibly I would need to go down the route of installing an earlier version of windows. Any other suggestions?

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  • How to get Version of the software?

    - by Anjan
    Hi All, I am working on getting the version of the Software which is installed on the Computer. I have implemented the logic for reading the Uninstall hive of registry, but i have observed that some of the software are not having version entries in the Uninstall hive of the registry. But i want to show the version of those softwares also. Can some one help me out in this regard? Thanks in Advance. Anjan

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  • CBIR isk-daemon software alternatives

    - by postgres
    isk-daemon software permits setting feature parameters? I download desktop version and apparently not! There are alternative libraries or software which is not all automatic? I have a set of images and i only want to pick up an image, extract some features and compare them with this set of image, basing on a similarity metric that give me a percentage result like isk-daemon but with more freedom in settings, better in python!

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  • What Software Engineering Areas should be stressed upon while Interviewing Candidate for Fulltime So

    - by Rachel
    Hi, This question is somewhat related to other posts which I found on Stackoverflow but not exactly and so am prompted to ask about it. I know we must ask for Data-Structures and Algorithms but what specific data-structures or Algorithms or other CS Concepts should be asked while interviewing Sr. Software Engineering Fulltime Position as compared with Software Engineering Position. Thanks.

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  • facial comparison software

    - by chris beardmore
    I have images of my children we all do, but I have found a picture of a toddler that bears great resemblance to 1 of my own sons on the internet, is there any software available that I can perform side-by-side comparison with, or maybe software that can give an X-% probability match

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  • Open x86 'SOFTWARE' registry key on an x64 machine in C#

    - by Lance May
    I am trying to read the 32-bit HKLM\SOFTWARE registry key from a 64-bit (C#) application. This, of course, keeps redirecting my view to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node. According to what I've found this is doable, but I can't seem to find a .NET example anywhere. I just need to read; not write. Anyone ran across this before?

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  • Open x64 'SOFTWARE' registry key in C#

    - by Lance May
    I am trying to read the 64-bit HKLM\SOFTWARE registry key from a 32-bit (C#) application. This, of course, keeps redirecting my view to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node. According to what I've found this is doable, but I can't seem to find a .NET example anywhere. I just need to read; not write. Anyone ran across this before?

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  • Maintaining software versions

    - by SCM
    I am preparing an Excel sheet in which I have to maintain the version number of different pieces of software developed at our company. Can anyone tell me what kind of information to save along with the version number in that sheet for different types of software? I know only one attribute that is version number, and if anything else so please let me know. Regards

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  • MS Ajax Libraries and Configured Assemblies

    - by smehaffie
    Use Case You have a brand new IIS servers that has .Net 3.5 installed and are migrating sites to the new servers.  In the process of migrating sites you come across some sites that get an error about the version of AJAX libraries being references in the web.config.  In the web.config all the entries reference 1.0.61025.0, but the older version of the AJAX libraries are not installed on the new servers, only the latest version is installed that comes with .Net 3.5.  So what are the options to fix this issue. Solutions 1) Install the older version of the AJAX Libraries: Although this works, IMO it is never a great idea to install an older version of a library after a newer version has been installed.  Plus, if all new application use the latest versions, is it worth the effort of installing the older version for a few legacy applications? 2) Update the web.config files so all references use latest version (3.5.0.0):  This option is very time consuming and error prone. In addition, you will also have to update any pages where there is a register tag for the older libraries as well.  This would require you to redeploy any application that have this issue. 3) Use the Configured Assembly capabilities of .Net (aka: Assembly Bindings) to make any application that uses the older AJAX libraries to use the new AJAX libraries.  IMO, this is the easiest, quickest and least invasive way to fix the issue.  Below are the steps to implement this fix. Solution #3 Do the following steps on the IIS servers that the issue is occurring.  The 2 assemblies that need assemblies bindings created are: System.Web.Extension & System.Web.Extensions.Design 1) Go to Start - > All Program -> Administrative Tools -> Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Configuration. 2) Right click on "Configured Assemblies" to view list of configured assemblies. 3) Left Click on right pane to bring up menu and choose "Add". 4) Make sure "Choose and assembly from the assembly cache is checked" and click the "Choose Assembly" button. 5) Choose System.Web.Extension (does not matter what version). 6) Click the "Finish" button. 7) Binding Policy Tab      - Enter Requested Version = 1.0.61025.0      - Enter New Version = 3.5.0.0 8) Repeat steps 2-7 for the System.Web.Extensions.Design assembly. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: If "Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Configuration does not exist under Admin tools use mmc to access it (see below) 1) Start -> Run -> Enter MMC 2) File - > Add/Remove Snap-In then Click "Add" button 3) Choose ".Net 2.0 Configuration" then click "Add" button and then the "Close" Button. 4) On "Add/Remove Snapin" windows click the "OK" Button. 5) Expand the tree on the right and you can start following the directions above for adding the configured assemblies. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • AGENT: The World's Smartest Watch

    - by Rob Chartier
    AGENT: The World's Smartest Watch by Secret Labs + House of Horology Disclaimer: Most if not all of this content has been gleaned from the comments on the Kickstarter project page and comments section. Any discrepancies between this post and any documentation on agentwatches.com, kickstarter.com, etc.., those official sites take precedence. Overview The next generation smartwatch with brand-new technology. World-class developer tools, unparalleled battery life, Qi wireless charging. Kickstarter Page, Comments Funding period : May 21, 2013 - Jun 20, 2013 MSRP : $249 Other Urls http://www.agentwatches.com/ https://www.facebook.com/agentwatches http://twitter.com/agentwatches http://pinterest.com/agentwatches/ http://paper.li/robchartier/1371234640 Developer Story The first official launch of the preview SDK and emulator will happen on 20-Jun-2013.  All development will be done in Visual Studio 2012, using the .NET Micro Framework SDK 2.3.  The SDK will ship with the first round of the expected API for developers along with an emulator. With that said, there is no need to wait for the SDK.  You can download the tooling now and get started with Apps and Faces immediately.  The only thing that you will not be able to work with is the API; but for example, watch faces, you can start building the basic face rendering with the Bitmap graphics drawing in the .NET Micro Framework.   Does it look good? Before we dig into any more of the gory details, here are a few photos of the current available prototype models.   The watch on the tiny QI Charter   If you wander too far away from your phone, your watch will let you know with a vibration and a message, all but one button will dismiss the message.   An app showing the premium weather data!   Nice stitching on the straps, leather and silicon will be available, along with a few lengths to choose from (short, regular, long lengths). On to those gory details…. Hardware Specs Processor 120MHz ARM Cortex-M4 processor (ATSAM4SD32) with secondary AVR co-processor Flash & RAM 2MB of onboard flash and 160KB of RAM 1/4 of the onboard flash will be used by the OS The flash is permanent (non-volatile) storage. Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.0 BD/EDR + LE Bluetooth 4.0 is backwards compatible with Bluetooth 2.1, so classic Bluetooth functions (BD/EDR, SPP/AVRCP/PBAP/etc.) will work fine. Sensors 3D Accelerometer (Motion) ST LSM303DLHC Ambient Light Sensor Hardware power metering Vibration Motor (You can pulse it to create vibration patterns, not sure about the vibration strength - driven with PWM) No piezo/speaker or microphone. Other QI Wireless Charging, no NFC, no wall adapter included Custom LED Backlight No GPS in the watch. It uses the GPS in your phone. AGENT watch apps are deployed and debugged wirelessly from your PC via Bluetooth. RoHS, Pb-free Battery Expected to use a CR2430-sized rechargeable battery – replaceable (Mouser, Amazon) Estimated charging time from empty is 2 hours with provided charger 7 Days typical with Bluetooth on, 30 days with Bluetooth off (watch-face only mode) The battery should last at least 2 years, with 100s of charge cycles. Physical dimensions Roughly 38mm top-to-bottom on the front face 35mm left-to-right on the front face and around 12mm in depth 22mm strap Two ~1/16" hex screws to attach the watch pin The top watchcase material candidates are PVD stainless steel, brushed matte ceramic, and high-quality polycarbonate (TBD). The glass lens is mineral glass, Anti-glare glass lens Strap options Leather and silicon straps will be available Expected to have three sizes Display 1.28" Sharp Memory Display The display stays on 100% of the time. Dimensions: 128x128 pixels Buttons Custom "Pusher" buttons, they will not make noise like a mouse click, and are very durable. The top-left button activates the backlight; bottom-left changes apps; three buttons on the right are up/select/down and can be used for custom purposes by apps. Backup reset procedure is currently activated by holding the home/menu button and the top-right user button for about ten seconds Device Support Android 2.3 or newer iPhone 4S or newer Windows Phone 8 or newer Heart Rate monitors - Bluetooth SPP or Bluetooth LE (GATT) is what you'll want the heart monitor to support. Almost limitless Bluetooth device support! Internationalization & Localization Full UTF8 Support from the ground up. AGENT's user interface is in English. Your content (caller ID, music tracks, notifications) will be in your native language. We have a plan to cover most major character sets, with Latin characters pre-loaded on the watch. Simplified Chinese will be available Feature overview Phone lost alert Caller ID Music Control (possible volume control) Wireless Charging Timer Stopwatch Vibrating Alarm (possibly custom vibrations for caller id) A few default watch faces Airplane mode (by demand or low power) Can be turned off completely Customizable 3rd party watch faces, applications which can be loaded over bluetooth. Sample apps that maybe installed Weather Sample Apps not installed Exercise App Other Possible Skype integration over Bluetooth. They will provide an AGENT app for your smartphone (iPhone, Android, Windows Phone). You'll be able to use it to load apps onto the watch.. You will be able to cancel phone calls. With compatible phones you can also answer, end, etc. They are adopting the standard hands-free profile to provide these features and caller ID.

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  • Entity Framework Code-First to Provide Replacement for ASP.NET Profile Provider

    - by Ken Cox [MVP]
    A while back, I coordinated a project to add support for the SQL Table Profile Provider in ASP.NET 4 Web Applications.  We urged Microsoft to improve ASP.NET’s built-in Profile support so our workaround wouldn’t be necessary. Instead, Microsoft plans to provide a replacement for ASP.NET Profile in a forthcoming release. In response to my feature suggestion on Connect, Microsoft says we should look for something even better using Entity Framework: “When code-first is officially released the final piece of a full replacement of the ASP.NET Profile will have arrived. Once code-first for EF4 is released, developers will have a really easy and very approachable way to create any arbitrary class, and automatically have the .NET Framework create a table to provide storage for that class. Furthermore developer will also have full LINQ-query capabilities against code-first classes. “ The downside is that there won’t be a way to retrofit this Profile replacement to pre- ASP.NET 4 Web applications. At least there’ll still be the MVP workaround code. It looks like it’s time for me to dig into a CTP of EF Code-First to see what’s available.   Scott Guthrie has been blogging about Code-First Development with Entity Framework 4. It’s not clear when the EF Code-First is coming, but my guess is that it’ll be part of the VS 2010/.NET 4 service pack.

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  • LLBLGen Pro v3.0 with Entity Framework v4.0 (12m video)

    - by FransBouma
    Today I recorded a video in which I illustrate some of the database-first functionality available in LLBLGen Pro v3.0. LLBLGen Pro v3.0 also supports model-first functionality, which I hope to illustrate in an upcoming video. LLBLGen Pro v3.0 is currently in beta and is scheduled to RTM some time in May 2010. It supports the following frameworks out of the box, with more scheduled to follow in the coming year: LLBLGen Pro RTL (our own o/r mapper framework), Linq to Sql, NHibernate and Entity Framework (v1 and v4). The video I linked to below illustrates the creation of an entity model for Entity Framework v4, by reverse engineering the SQL Server 2008 example database 'AdventureWorks'. The following topics (among others) are included in the video: Abbreviation support (example: convert 'Qty' into 'Quantity' during name construction) Flexible, framework specific settings Attribute definitions for various elements (so no requirement for buddy-classes or messing with generated code or templates) Retrieval of relational model data from a database Reverse engineering of tables into entities, automatically placed in groups Auto-creation of inheritance hierarchies Refactoring of entity fields into Value Type Definitions (DDD) Mapping a Typed view onto a stored procedure resultset Creation of a Typed list (definition of a query with a projection) on a set of related entities Validation and correction of found inconsistencies and errors Generating code using one of the pre-defined presets Illustration of the code in vs.net 2010 It also gives a good overview of what it takes with LLBLGen Pro v3.0 to start from a new project, point it to a database, get an entity model, perform tweaks and validation and generate code which is ready to run. I am no video recording expert so there's no audio and some mouse movements might be a little too quickly. If that's the case, please pause the video. It's rather big (52MB). Click here to open the HTML page with the video (Flash). Opens in a new window. LLBLGen Pro v3.0 is currently in beta (available for v2.x customers) and scheduled to be released somewhere in May 2010.

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  • Default /etc/apt/sources.list?

    - by piemesons
    I need default source list for ubuntu 10.04. Can anybody help me? Here is Mine:--- Ubuntu supported packages deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted multiverse universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted multiverse universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse Canonical Commercial Repository deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-backports partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-updates partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-security partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-backports partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-updates partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-security partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed partner medibuntu deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free PlayOnLinux deb http://deb.playonlinux.com/ lucid main opera deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ lenny non-free google deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free main Dropbox Official Source deb http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu karmic main Skype deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free This is the error i am getting:-- (sudo apt-get update) Get:9 http://dl.google.com stable/main Packages [1,076B] Err http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid/main Packages 404 Not Found Get:10 http://dl.google.com stable/main Packages [735B] and finally :-- Fetched 9,724B in 3s (2,645B/s) W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/bisig/ppa/ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz 404 Not Found E: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

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  • PPA causing 404 error?

    - by piemesons
    I need default source list for ubuntu 10.04. Can anybody help me? Here is Mine:--- Ubuntu supported packages deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted multiverse universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted multiverse universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse Canonical Commercial Repository deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-backports partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-updates partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-security partner deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-backports partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-updates partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-security partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed partner medibuntu deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free PlayOnLinux deb http://deb.playonlinux.com/ lucid main opera deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ lenny non-free google deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free main Dropbox Official Source deb http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu karmic main Skype deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free This is the error i am getting:-- (sudo apt-get update) Get:9 http://dl.google.com stable/main Packages [1,076B] Err http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid/main Packages 404 Not Found Get:10 http://dl.google.com stable/main Packages [735B] and finally :-- Fetched 9,724B in 3s (2,645B/s) W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/bisig/ppa/ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz 404 Not Found E: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

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  • NuGet package manager in Visual Studio 2012

    - by sreejukg
    NuGet is a package manager that helps developers to automate the process of installing and upgrading packages in Visual Studio projects. It is free and open source. You can see the project in codeplex from the below link. http://nuget.codeplex.com/ Now days developers needed to work with several packages or libraries from various sources, a typical e.g. is jQuery. You will hardly find a website that not uses jQuery. When you include these packages as manually copying the files, it is difficult to task to update these files as new versions get released. NuGet is a Visual studio add on, that comes by default with Visual Studio 2012 that manages such packages. So by using NuGet, you can include new packages to you project as well as update existing ones with the latest versions. NuGet is a Visual Studio extension, and happy news for developers, it is shipped with Visual Studio 2012 by default. In this article, I am going to demonstrate how you can include jQuery (or anything similar) to a .Net project using the NuGet package manager. I have Visual Studio 2012, and I created an empty ASP.Net web application. In the solution explorer, the project looks like following. Now I need to add jQuery for this project, for this I am going to use NuGet. From solution explorer, right click the project, you will see “Manage NuGet Packages” Click on the Manage NuGet Packages options so that you will get the NuGet Package manager dialog. Since there is no package installed in my project, you will see “no packages installed” message. From the left menu, select the online option, and in the Search box (that is available in the top right corner) enter the name of the package you are looking for. In my case I just entered jQuery. Now NuGet package manager will search online and bring all the available packages that match my search criteria. You can select the right package and use the Install button just next to the package details. Also in the right pane, it will show the link to project information and license terms, you can see more details of the project you are looking for from the provided links. Now I have selected to install jQuery. Once installed successfully, you can find the green icon next to it that tells you the package has been installed successfully to your project. Now if you go to the Installed packages link from the left menu of package manager, you can see jQuery is installed and you can uninstall it by just clicking on the Uninstall button. Now close the package manager dialog and let us examine the project in solution explorer. You can see some new entries in your project. One is Scripts folder where the jQuery got installed, and a packages.config file. The packages.config is xml file that tells the NuGet package manager, the id and the version of the package you install. Based on this file NuGet package manager will identify the installed packages and the corresponding versions. Installing packages using NuGet package manager will save lot of time for developers and developers can get upgrades for the installed packages very easily.

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  • Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 4 – Calling the base method

    - by SeanMcAlinden
    Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors   The plan for calling the base methods from the proxy is to create a private method for each overridden proxy method, this will allow the proxy to use a delegate to simply invoke the private method when required. Quite a few helper classes have been created to make this possible so as usual I would suggest download or viewing the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. In this post I’m just going to cover the main points for when creating methods. Getting the methods to override The first two notable methods are for getting the methods. private static MethodInfo[] GetMethodsToOverride<TBase>() where TBase : class {     return typeof(TBase).GetMethods().Where(x =>         !methodsToIgnore.Contains(x.Name) &&                              (x.Attributes & MethodAttributes.Final) == 0)         .ToArray(); } private static StringCollection GetMethodsToIgnore() {     return new StringCollection()     {         "ToString",         "GetHashCode",         "Equals",         "GetType"     }; } The GetMethodsToIgnore method string collection contains an array of methods that I don’t want to override. In the GetMethodsToOverride method, you’ll notice a binary AND which is basically saying not to include any methods marked final i.e. not virtual. Creating the MethodInfo for calling the base method This method should hopefully be fairly easy to follow, it’s only function is to create a MethodInfo which points to the correct base method, and with the correct parameters. private static MethodInfo CreateCallBaseMethodInfo<TBase>(MethodInfo method) where TBase : class {     Type[] baseMethodParameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, method.GetParameters());       return typeof(TBase).GetMethod(        method.Name,        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,        null,        baseMethodParameterTypes,        null     ); }   /// <summary> /// Get the parameter types. /// </summary> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param> public static Type[] GetParameterTypes(MethodInfo method, ParameterInfo[] parameters) {     Type[] parameterTypesList = Type.EmptyTypes;       if (parameters.Length > 0)     {         parameterTypesList = CreateParametersList(parameters);     }     return parameterTypesList; }   Creating the new private methods for calling the base method The following method outline how I’ve created the private methods for calling the base class method. private static MethodBuilder CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method) {     string callBaseSuffix = "GetBaseMethod";       if (method.IsGenericMethod || method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {                         return MethodHelper.SetUpGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     }     else     {         return MethodHelper.SetupNonGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     } } The CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder is the entry point method for creating the call base method. I’ve added a suffix to the base classes method name to keep it unique. Non Generic Methods Creating a non generic method is fairly simple public static MethodBuilder SetupNonGenericMethod(     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       Type returnType = method.ReturnType;       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = CreateMethodBuilder         (             typeBuilder,             method,             methodName,             methodAttributes,             parameterTypes,             returnType         );       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static MethodBuilder CreateMethodBuilder (     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes,     Type[] parameterTypes,     Type returnType ) { MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, methodAttributes, returnType, parameterTypes); return methodBuilder; } As you can see, you simply have to declare a method builder, get the parameter types, and set the method attributes you want.   Generic Methods Creating generic methods takes a little bit more work. /// <summary> /// Sets up generic method. /// </summary> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="methodName">Name of the method.</param> /// <param name="methodAttributes">The method attributes.</param> public static MethodBuilder SetUpGenericMethod     (         TypeBuilder typeBuilder,         MethodInfo method,         string methodName,         MethodAttributes methodAttributes     ) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName,         methodAttributes);       Type[] genericArguments = method.GetGenericArguments();       GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters =         GetGenericTypeParameters(methodBuilder, genericArguments);       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameterConstraints(parameterTypes, genericTypeParameters);       SetUpReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);       if (method.IsGenericMethod)     {         methodBuilder.MakeGenericMethod(genericArguments);     }       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] GetGenericTypeParameters     (         MethodBuilder methodBuilder,         Type[] genericArguments     ) {     return methodBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(GenericsHelper.GetArgumentNames(genericArguments)); }   private static void SetUpReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {         SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     } }   private static void SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.ReturnType == null)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(typeof(void));     }     else if (method.ReturnType.IsGenericType)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(genericTypeParameters.Where             (x => x.Name == method.ReturnType.Name).First());     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     }             } Ok, there are a few helper methods missing, basically there is way to much code to put in this post, take a look at the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ to follow it through completely. Basically though, when dealing with generics there is extra work to do in terms of getting the generic argument types setting up any generic parameter constraints setting up the return type setting up the method as a generic All of the information is easy to get via reflection from the MethodInfo.   Emitting the new private method Emitting the new private method is relatively simple as it’s only function is calling the base method and returning a result if the return type is not void. ILGenerator il = privateMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator();   EmitCallBaseMethod(method, callBaseMethod, il);   private static void EmitCallBaseMethod(MethodInfo method, MethodInfo callBaseMethod, ILGenerator il) {     int privateParameterCount = method.GetParameters().Length;       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);       if (privateParameterCount > 0)     {         for (int arg = 0; arg < privateParameterCount; arg++)         {             il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, arg + 1);         }     }       il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, callBaseMethod);       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } So in the main method building method, an ILGenerator is created from the method builder. The ILGenerator performs the following actions: Load the class (this) onto the stack using the hidden argument Ldarg_0. Create an argument on the stack for each of the method parameters (starting at 1 because 0 is the hidden argument) Call the base method using the Opcodes.Call code and the MethodInfo we created earlier. Call return on the method   Conclusion Now we have the private methods prepared for calling the base method, we have reached the last of the relatively easy part of the proxy building. Hopefully, it hasn’t been too hard to follow so far, there is a lot of code so I haven’t been able to post it all so please check it out at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. The next section should be up fairly soon, it’s going to cover creating the delegates for calling the private methods created in this post.   Kind Regards, Sean.

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  • Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors

    - by SeanMcAlinden
    Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design For the latest code go to http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ When building our proxy type, the first thing we need to do is build the constructors. There needs to be a corresponding constructor for each constructor on the passed in base type. We also want to create a field to store the interceptors and construct this list within each constructor. So assuming the passed in base type is a User<int, IRepository> class, were looking to generate constructor code like the following:   Default Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy() {     this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>();     DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>();     this.interceptors.Add(item); }     Parameterised Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy(IRepository repository1) : base(repository1) {     this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>();     DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>();     this.interceptors.Add(item); }   As you can see, we first populate a field on the class with a new list of the passed in base type. Construct our DefaultInterceptor class. Add the DefaultInterceptor instance to our interceptor collection. Although this seems like a relatively small task, there is a fair amount of work require to get this going. Instead of going through every line of code – please download the latest from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ and debug through. In this post I’m going to concentrate on explaining how it works. TypeBuilder The TypeBuilder class is the main class used to create the type. You instantiate a new TypeBuilder using the assembly module we created in part 1. /// <summary> /// Creates a type builder. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TBase">The type of the base class to be proxied.</typeparam> public static TypeBuilder CreateTypeBuilder<TBase>() where TBase : class {     TypeBuilder typeBuilder = DynamicModuleCache.Get.DefineType         (             CreateTypeName<TBase>(),             TypeAttributes.Class | TypeAttributes.Public,             typeof(TBase),             new Type[] { typeof(IProxy) }         );       if (typeof(TBase).IsGenericType)     {         GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase), typeBuilder);     }       return typeBuilder; }   private static string CreateTypeName<TBase>() where TBase : class {     return string.Format("{0}_RapidDynamicBaseProxy", typeof(TBase).Name); } As you can see, I’ve create a new public class derived from TBase which also implements my IProxy interface, this is used later for adding interceptors. If the base type is generic, the following GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType method is called. GenericsHelper using System; using System.Reflection.Emit; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers {     /// <summary>     /// Helper class for generic types and methods.     /// </summary>     internal static class GenericsHelper     {         /// <summary>         /// Makes the typeBuilder a generic.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="concrete">The concrete.</param>         /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param>         public static void MakeGenericType(Type baseType, TypeBuilder typeBuilder)         {             Type[] genericArguments = baseType.GetGenericArguments();               string[] genericArgumentNames = GetArgumentNames(genericArguments);               GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameterBuilder                 = typeBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(genericArgumentNames);               typeBuilder.MakeGenericType(genericTypeParameterBuilder);         }           /// <summary>         /// Gets the argument names from an array of generic argument types.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="genericArguments">The generic arguments.</param>         public static string[] GetArgumentNames(Type[] genericArguments)         {             string[] genericArgumentNames = new string[genericArguments.Length];               for (int i = 0; i < genericArguments.Length; i++)             {                 genericArgumentNames[i] = genericArguments[i].Name;             }               return genericArgumentNames;         }     } }       As you can see, I’m getting all of the generic argument types and names, creating a GenericTypeParameterBuilder and then using the typeBuilder to make the new type generic. InterceptorsField The interceptors field will store a List<IInterceptor<TBase>>. Fields are simple made using the FieldBuilder class. The following code demonstrates how to create the interceptor field. FieldBuilder interceptorsField = typeBuilder.DefineField(     "interceptors",     typeof(System.Collections.Generic.List<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>)),       FieldAttributes.Private     ); The field will now exist with the new Type although it currently has no data – we’ll deal with this in the constructor. Add method for interceptorsField To enable us to add to the interceptorsField list, we are going to utilise the Add method that already exists within the System.Collections.Generic.List class. We still however have to create the methodInfo necessary to call the add method. This can be done similar to the following: Add Interceptor Field MethodInfo addInterceptor = typeof(List<>)     .MakeGenericType(new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) })     .GetMethod     (        "Add",        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,        null,        new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) },        null     ); So we’ve create a List<IInterceptor<TBase>> type, then using the type created a method info called Add which accepts an IInterceptor<TBase>. Now in our constructor we can use this to call this.interceptors.Add(// interceptor); Building the Constructors This will be the first hard-core part of the proxy building process so I’m going to show the class and then try to explain what everything is doing. For a clear view, download the source from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, go to the test project and debug through the constructor building section. Anyway, here it is: DynamicConstructorBuilder using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Interception; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Constructors {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating the proxy constructors.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicConstructorBuilder     {         /// <summary>         /// Builds the constructors.         /// </summary>         /// <typeparam name="TBase">The base type.</typeparam>         /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param>         /// <param name="interceptorsField">The interceptors field.</param>         public static void BuildConstructors<TBase>             (                 TypeBuilder typeBuilder,                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 MethodInfo addInterceptor             )             where TBase : class         {             ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor = CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>();               ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor = CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>();               ConstructorInfo[] constructors = typeof(TBase).GetConstructors();               foreach (ConstructorInfo constructorInfo in constructors)             {                 CreateConstructor<TBase>                     (                         typeBuilder,                         interceptorsField,                         interceptorsFieldConstructor,                         defaultInterceptorConstructor,                         addInterceptor,                         constructorInfo                     );             }         }           #region Private Methods           private static void CreateConstructor<TBase>             (                 TypeBuilder typeBuilder,                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,                 MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,                 ConstructorInfo constructorInfo             ) where TBase : class         {             Type[] parameterTypes = GetParameterTypes(constructorInfo);               ConstructorBuilder constructorBuilder = CreateConstructorBuilder(typeBuilder, parameterTypes);               ILGenerator cIL = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();               LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable =                 cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)));               ConstructInterceptorsField(interceptorsField, interceptorsFieldConstructor, cIL);               ConstructDefaultInterceptor(defaultInterceptorConstructor, cIL, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);               AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList                 (                     interceptorsField,                     AddDefaultInterceptor,                     cIL,                     defaultInterceptorMethodVariable                 );               CreateConstructor(constructorInfo, parameterTypes, cIL);         }           private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);               if (parameterTypes.Length > 0)             {                 LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL);             }               cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);         }           private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++)             {                 cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i);             }         }           private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,                 ILGenerator cIL,                 LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor);         }           private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor             (                 ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL,                 LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);         }           private static void ConstructInterceptorsField             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField);         }           private static ConstructorBuilder CreateConstructorBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, Type[] parameterTypes)         {             return typeBuilder.DefineConstructor                 (                     MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName                     | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, CallingConventions.Standard, parameterTypes                 );         }           private static Type[] GetParameterTypes(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo)         {             ParameterInfo[] parameterInfoArray = constructorInfo.GetParameters();               Type[] parameterTypes = new Type[parameterInfoArray.Length];               for (int p = 0; p < parameterInfoArray.Length; p++)             {                 parameterTypes[p] = parameterInfoArray[p].ParameterType;             }               return parameterTypes;         }           private static ConstructorInfo CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class         {             return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo                 (                     typeof(List<>),                     new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>) },                     BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic                 );         }           private static ConstructorInfo CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class         {             return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo                 (                     typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>),                     new Type[] { typeof(TBase) },                     BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic                 );         }           #endregion     } } So, the first two tasks within the class should be fairly clear, we are creating a ConstructorInfo for the interceptorField list and a ConstructorInfo for the DefaultConstructor, this is for instantiating them in each contructor. We then using Reflection get an array of all of the constructors in the base class, we then loop through the array and create a corresponding proxy contructor. Hopefully, the code is fairly easy to follow other than some new types and the dreaded Opcodes. ConstructorBuilder This class defines a new constructor on the type. ILGenerator The ILGenerator allows the use of Reflection.Emit to create the method body. LocalBuilder The local builder allows the storage of data in local variables within a method, in this case it’s the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Constructing the interceptors field The first bit of IL you’ll come across as you follow through the code is the following private method used for constructing the field list of interceptors. private static void ConstructInterceptorsField             (                 FieldBuilder interceptorsField,                 ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor,                 ILGenerator cIL             )         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField);         } The first thing to know about generating code using IL is that you are using a stack, if you want to use something, you need to push it up the stack etc. etc. OpCodes.ldArg_0 This opcode is a really interesting one, basically each method has a hidden first argument of the containing class instance (apart from static classes), constructors are no different. This is the reason you can use syntax like this.myField. So back to the method, as we want to instantiate the List in the interceptorsField, first we need to load the class instance onto the stack, we then load the new object (new List<TBase>) and finally we store it in the interceptorsField. Hopefully, that should follow easily enough in the method. In each constructor you would now have this.interceptors = new List<User<int, IRepository>>(); Constructing and storing the DefaultInterceptor The next bit of code we need to create is the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Firstly, we create a local builder to store the constructed type. Create a local builder LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable =     cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase))); Once our local builder is ready, we then need to construct the DefaultInterceptor<TBase> and store it in the variable. Connstruct DefaultInterceptor private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor     (         ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor,         ILGenerator cIL,         LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable     ) {     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); } As you can see, using the ConstructorInfo named defaultInterceptorConstructor, we load the new object onto the stack. Then using the store local opcode (OpCodes.Stloc), we store the new object in the local builder named defaultInterceptorMethodVariable. Add the constructed DefaultInterceptor to the interceptors field collection Using the add method created earlier in this post, we are going to add the new DefaultInterceptor object to the interceptors field collection. Add Default Interceptor private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList     (         FieldBuilder interceptorsField,         MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor,         ILGenerator cIL,         LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable     ) {     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable);     cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor); } So, here’s whats going on. The class instance is first loaded onto the stack using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0) (remember the first arg is the hidden class instance). The interceptorsField is then loaded onto the stack using the load field opcode (OpCodes.Ldfld). We then load the DefaultInterceptor object we stored locally using the load local opcode (OpCodes.Ldloc). Then finally we call the AddDefaultInterceptor method using the call virtual opcode (Opcodes.Callvirt). Completing the constructor The last thing we need to do is complete the constructor. Complete the constructor private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);               if (parameterTypes.Length > 0)             {                 LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL);             }               cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo);             cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);         }           private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL)         {             for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++)             {                 cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i);             }         } So, the first thing we do again is load the class instance using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0). We then load each parameter using OpCode.Ldarg_S, this opcode allows us to specify an index position for each argument. We then setup calling the base constructor using OpCodes.Call and the base constructors ConstructorInfo. Finally, all methods are required to return, even when they have a void return. As there are no values on the stack after the OpCodes.Call line, we can safely call the OpCode.Ret to give the constructor a void return. If there was a value, we would have to pop the value of the stack before calling return otherwise, the method would try and return a value. Conclusion This was a slightly hardcore post but hopefully it hasn’t been too hard to follow. The main thing is that a number of the really useful opcodes have been used and now the dynamic proxy is capable of being constructed. If you download the code and debug through the tests at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, you’ll be able to create proxies at this point, they cannon do anything in terms of interception but you can happily run the tests, call base methods and properties and also take a look at the created assembly in Reflector. Hope this is useful. The next post should be up soon, it will be covering creating the private methods for calling the base class methods and properties. Kind Regards, Sean.

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  • How can I remove the Translation entries in apt?

    - by Lord of Time
    This is the output of aptitude update: Ign http://archive.canonical.com natty InRelease Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com natty InRelease Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security InRelease Hit http://deb.torproject.org natty InRelease Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty InRelease Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates InRelease Hit http://archive.canonical.com natty Release.gpg Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com natty Release.gpg Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security Release.gpg Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty Release.gpg Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security Release Hit http://archive.canonical.com natty Release Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com natty Release Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,338 B] Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates Release.gpg Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/main Sources Hit http://archive.canonical.com natty/partner amd64 Packages Hit http://deb.torproject.org natty/main amd64 Packages Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com natty/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty Release Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/restricted Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/universe Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/multiverse Sources Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/main amd64 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/restricted amd64 Packages Ign http://archive.canonical.com natty/partner TranslationIndex Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com natty/main TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/universe amd64 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/multiverse amd64 Packages Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/main TranslationIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://deb.torproject.org natty/main TranslationIndex Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates Release Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/universe Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/main amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/restricted amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/universe amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/multiverse amd64 Packages Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/main Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/restricted Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/universe Sources Get:3 http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages [469 B] Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/multiverse Sources Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/main amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/universe amd64 Packages Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/restricted TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/universe TranslationIndex Ign http://archive.canonical.com natty/partner Translation-en_US Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com natty/main Translation-en Ign http://archive.canonical.com natty/partner Translation-en Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/main Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/main Translation-en Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/multiverse Translation-en Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/restricted Translation-en Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/universe Translation-en_US Ign http://security.ubuntu.com natty-security/universe Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty InRelease Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release.gpg Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty Release Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Sources Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main TranslationIndex Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Sources Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/main Translation-en Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main TranslationIndex Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/multiverse Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/restricted Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/universe Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty/universe Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/main Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/main Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/multiverse Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/restricted Translation-en Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/universe Translation-en_US Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com natty-updates/universe Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en Ign http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb InRelease Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net natty/main Translation-en Hit http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb Release.gpg Hit http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb Release Ign http://deb.torproject.org natty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://deb.torproject.org natty/main Translation-en Hit http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb/apps amd64 Packages Ign http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb/apps TranslationIndex Ign http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb/apps Translation-en_US Ign http://archive.getdeb.net natty-getdeb/apps Translation-en Fetched 2,005 B in 45s (44 B/s) Reading package lists... Is there any way I can get rid of the Translation stuff? I'm tired of it resulting in tons of repository checks rather than it checking far less repositories (69 actual repos vs. 169 checks)

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  • W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main i386 Packages

    - by Harbhag
    I keep getting this warning whenever I try to run sudo apt-get update W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages) W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems Below is the output from /etc/apt/sources.list file deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

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  • Coexistence of projects between Visual Studio 2010 and 2012

    - by sreejukg
    Microsoft has released another version of Visual Studio named Visual Studio 2012. As you can see there are user interface (UI) changes in all/most of the Microsoft applications as Microsoft is moving towards Windows 8 and changing the UI scheme for all of the applications. Visual Studio 2012 is a move to adapt the new interface requirements that are in coherent with Windows 8. Not only this Visual Studio 2012 has lots of improvements in several areas and it supports .Net framework 4.5. In the past, whenever a new version of Visual Studio launches, developers needed to upgrade the project to new version of Visual Studio which was a pain, especially when you are working with a team of developers. Once a solution is upgraded to a newer version, it was not possible to going back. With Visual studio 2012, you can avoid the pain of upgrading. Developers will be able to open their project in Visual Studio 2012 along with Visual Studio 2010 SP 1. This means if you create a project using Visual Studio 2012, you will be able to open it with Visual Studio 2010 SP 1 and vice versa. There are some exceptions (as always!). Visual Studio 2012 supports some new project types, which was not there in 2010 version. Such project, you will not be able to open in Visual Studio 2010. For e.g. Visual Studio 2012 brings a new project type named “Windows 8 Modern Applications”, such projects you will not be able to open using the 2010 version of Visual Studio. Just to prove the said subject, I am going to perform some simple operations. I installed Visual Studio 2010 with SP 1 and Visual Studio 2012 on my PC. See the snapshots for both the installations. Visual Studio 2010 Visual Studio 2012 Now I am going to perform two test cases. First create a project in 2010 Version and open it in 2012 version and vice versa. If you are interested, you can continue scrolling down, otherwise just say bye bye to this article. Case 1: Open a solution created using Visual Studio 2010 in 2012 version. I created a project in VS 2010 named TestProject2010 using empty ASP.Net web application template. Once created the project appears in VS 2010 as follows. I closed Visual Studio and opened the solution file using VS 2012 by using the Open Project dialog(File -> Open Project/Solution). Surprisingly, there is not even a warning message, just the project opened fine in Visual Studio 2012. Case 2: Open a solution created using Visual Studio 2012 in 2010 version. I have created a project in Visual Studio 2012 named testProject2012. See the screenshot of the project in VS 2012 below. Now try opening the solution in Visual Studio 2010. The solution loaded successfully, but Visual Studio failed to load project. See the screenshot. At first I was surprised. The Web application project template is available in both versions, So there should not be any problem. What is making the incompatibility? Is it ASP.Net version? Yes it is. VS 2012 assign ASP.Net 4.5 as the default version that was causing the trouble for Visual Studio 2010. I changed the version to .Net framework 4.0 and saved the project after that I was able to open the project in Visual Studio 2010. This as an excellent move from Visual Studio Team and allows enterprises to perform gradual upgrade to the new version. Now developers can work in any version based on availability and preference, simply I can use Visual Studio 2012 as my IDE while my colleague working on the same project can still use Visual Studio 2010.

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