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  • searching for a programming platform with hot code swap

    - by Andreas
    I'm currently brainstorming over the idea how to upgrade a program while it is running. (Not while debugging, a "production" system.) But one thing that is required for it, is to actually submit the changed source code or compiled byte code into the running process. Pseudo Code var method = typeof(MyClass).GetMethod("Method1"); var content = //get it from a database (bytecode or source code) SELECT content FROM methods WHERE id=? AND version=? method.SetContent(content); At first, I want to achieve the system to work without the complexity of object-orientation. That leads to the following requirements: change source code or byte code of function drop functions add new functions change the signature of a function With .NET (and others) I could inject a class via an IoC and could thus change the source code. But the loading would be cumbersome, because everything has to be in an Assembly or created via Emit. Maybe with Java this would be easier? The whole ClassLoader is replacable, I think. With JavaScript I could achieve many of the goals. Simply eval a new function (MyMethod_V25) and assign it to MyClass.prototype.MyMethod. I think one can also drop functions somehow with "del" Which general-purpose platform can handle such things?

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  • calling template function without <>; type inference

    - by Oops
    Hi, if I have a function template with typename T, where the compiler can set the type by itself, I do not have to write the type explicitely when I call the function like: template < typename T > T min( T v1, T v2 ) { return ( v1 < v2 ) ? v1: v2; } int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; int i3 = min( i1, i2 ); //no explicit <type> but if I have a function template with two different typenames like... template < typename TOut, typename TIn > TOut round( TIn v ) { return (TOut)( v + 0.5 ); } double d = 1.54; int i = round<int>(d); //explicit <int> Is it true that I have to specify at least 1 typename, always? I assume the reason is because C++ can not distinguish functions between different return types, true? but if I use a void function and handover a reference, again I must not explicitely specify the return typename: template < typename TOut, typename TIn > void round( TOut & vret, TIn vin ) { vret = (TOut)(vin + 0.5); } double d = 1.54; int i; round(i, d); //no explicit <int> should the conclusion be to avoid functions with return and more prefer void functions that return via a reference when writing templates? Or is there a possibility to avoid explicitely writing the return type? something like "type inference" for templates... is "type inference" possible in C++0x? I hope I was not too unclear. many thanks in advance Oops

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  • Reset variable in javascrtp (jQuery)

    - by superUntitled
    I am trying to reset a variable (that updates the src value for an image) when an area of an image map is clicked, so that the hover function calls a different image when the user hovers over another area in the image map. I have a variable called "state" that I set right off the bat. This is the variable that I want to reset when an area is clicked. var state = "path/to/images/feed1.png"; I have a couple of functions involving hover() and click(). $("#Map area").click( function () { var button = $(this).attr("id"); // here is where i want to reset the 'state' variable var state = "path/to/images/" + button + ".png"; alert("you clicked "+button+" hello"); return false; } ); $("#Map area").hover( function () { var button = $(this).attr("id"); over("path/to/images/" + button + ".png"); }, function () { off(); }); And some functions that these functions call: function over(image) { $("#feednavImg").attr("src", image); } function off() { $("#feednavImg").attr("src", state); }

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  • Should I use concrete Inheritance or not?

    - by Mez
    I have a project using Propel where I have three objects (potentially more in the future) Occasion Event extends Occasion Gig extends Occasion Occasion is an item that has the shared things, that will always be needed (Venue, start, end etc) With this - I want to be able to add in extra functionality, say for example, adding "Band" objects to the Gig object, or "Flyers" to an "Event" object. For this, I plan to create objects for these. However, without concrete inheritance, I have to have the foreign key point to the Occasion object - giving the (propel generated) functions for all of these extra bits to anything inherited from Occasion. I could, in theory do this without a foreign constraint, and add in functions to use the Peer or Query classes to get things related to the "Gig" or similar. Whereas with concrete inheritance, I would only have these functions in the things where they are. I think the decision here is whether I should Duck Type the objects (after all they are occasions) or whether I should just use the "Occasion" object as a "template" (only being used to search for things, like, all occasions at a venue) Thoughts? Comments?

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  • questions about name mangling in C++

    - by Tim
    I am trying to learn and understand name mangling in C++. Here are some questions: (1) From devx When a global function is overloaded, the generated mangled name for each overloaded version is unique. Name mangling is also applied to variables. Thus, a local variable and a global variable with the same user-given name still get distinct mangled names. Are there other examples that are using name mangling, besides overloading functions and same-name global and local variables ? (2) From Wiki The need arises where the language allows different entities to be named with the same identifier as long as they occupy a different namespace (where a namespace is typically defined by a module, class, or explicit namespace directive). I don't quite understand why name mangling is only applied to the cases when the identifiers belong to different namespaces, since overloading functions can be in the same namespace and same-name global and local variables can also be in the same space. How to understand this? Do variables with same name but in different scopes also use name mangling? (3) Does C have name mangling? If it does not, how can it deal with the case when some global and local variables have the same name? C does not have overloading functions, right? Thanks and regards!

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  • How to check the backtrace of a "USER process" in the Linux Kernel Crash Dump

    - by Biswajit
    I was trying to debug a USER Process in Linux Crash Dump. The normal steps to go to the crash dump are: Go to the path where the dump is located. Use the command crash kernel_link dump.201104181135. Where kernel_link is a soft link I have created for vmlinux image. Now you will be in the CRASH prompt. If you run the command foreach <PID Of the process> bt Eg: crash> **foreach 6920 bt** **PID: 6920 TASK: ffff88013caaa800 CPU: 1 COMMAND: **"**climmon**"**** #0 [ffff88012d2cd9c8] **schedule** at ffffffff8130b76a #1 [ffff88012d2cdab0] **schedule_timeout** at ffffffff8130bbe7 #2 [ffff88012d2cdb50] **schedule_timeout_uninterruptible** at ffffffff8130bc2a #3 [ffff88012d2cdb60] **__alloc_pages_nodemask** at ffffffff810b9e45 #4 [ffff88012d2cdc60] **alloc_pages_curren**t at ffffffff810e1c8c #5 [ffff88012d2cdc90] **__page_cache_alloc** at ffffffff810b395a #6 [ffff88012d2cdcb0] **__do_page_cache_readahead** at ffffffff810bb592 #7 [ffff88012d2cdd30] **ra_submit** at ffffffff810bb6ba #8 [ffff88012d2cdd40] **filemap_fault** at ffffffff810b3e4e #9 [ffff88012d2cdda0] **__do_fault** at ffffffff810caa5f #10 [ffff88012d2cde50] **handle_mm_fault** at ffffffff810cce69 #11 [ffff88012d2cdf00] **do_page_fault** at ffffffff8130f560 #12 [ffff88012d2cdf50] **page_fault** at ffffffff8130d3f5 RIP: 00007fd02b7e9071 RSP: 0000000040e86ea0 RFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007fd02b7e9071 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000040e86ec0 RBP: 0000000040e87140 R8: 0000000000000800 R9: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff16ec43d0 R13: 00007fd02bcadf00 R14: 0000000040e87950 R15: 0000000000001000 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff CS: 0033 SS: 002b If you check the above backtrace it shows the kernel functions used for scheduling/handling page fault but not the functions that were executed in the USER process (here eg. climmon). So I am not able to debug this process as I am not able to see the functions executed in that process. Can any one help me with this case?

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  • Extension methods for encapsulation and reusability

    - by tzaman
    In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself?

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  • Enum and Dictionary<Enum, Action>

    - by Selcuk
    I hope I can explain my problem in a way that it's clear for everyone. We need your suggestions on this. We have an Enum Type which has more than 15 constants defined. We receive a report from a web service and translate its one column into this Enum type. And based on what we receive from that web service, we run specific functions using Dictionary Why am I asking for ideas? Let's say 3 of these Enum contants meet specific functions in our Dictionary but the rest use the same function. So, is there a way to add them into our Dictionary in a better way rather than adding them one by one? I also want to keep this structure because when it's time, we might have specific functions in the future for the ones that I described as "the rest". To be more clear here's an example what we're trying to do: Enum: public enum Reason{ ReasonA, ReasonB, ReasonC, ReasonD, ReasonE, ReasonF, ReasonG, ReasonH, ReasonI, ReasonJ, ReasonK } Defining our Dictionary: public Dictionary<Reason, Action<CustomClassObj, string>> ReasonHandlers = new Dictionary<Reason, Action<CustomClassObj, string>>{ { Reason.ReasonA, HandleReasonA }, { Reason.ReasonB, HandleReasonB }, { Reason.ReasonC, HandleReasonC }, { Reason.ReasonD, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonE, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonF, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonG, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonH, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonI, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonJ, HandleReasonGeneral }, { Reason.ReasonK, HandleReasonGeneral } }; So basically what I'm asking is, is there a way to add Reason, Function pair more intelligently? Because as you can see after ReasonC, all other reasons use the same function. Thank you for your suggestions.

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  • Javascript click function not working

    - by Nabe
    I need to null the value in text box on click, currently I have written a code as such <div class="keyword_non"> <h1>Keywords : <a class="someClass question_off" title="Keywords "></a></h1> <h2><input type="text" name="kw1" value="one" /></h2> <h2><input type="text" name="kw2" value="two" /></h2> <h2><input type="text" name="kw3" value="three" /></h2> <h2><input type="text" name="kw4" value="four" /></h2> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/functions/javascript/custom/non_profit_edit.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/functions/javascript/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/functions/javascript/custom/jquery-ui-1.8.7.custom.min.js"></script> Inside non_profit_edit.js i have written as such $(document).ready(function(){ $(".kw1").click(function() { $(".kw1").val(" "); }); $(".kw2").click(function() { $(".kw2").val(" "); }); $(".kw3").click(function() { $(".kw3").val(" "); }); $(".kw4").click(function() { $(".kw4").val(" "); }); }); But write now its not working properly... Is this any browser issues or error in code..

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  • Version Control: multiple version hell, file synchronization

    - by SigTerm
    Hello. I would like to know how you normally deal with this situation: I have a set of utility functions. Say..5..10 files. And technically they are static library, cross-platform - SConscript/SConstruct plus Visual Studio project (not solution). Those utility functions are used in multiple small projects (15+, number increases over time). Each project has a copy of a few files or of an entire library, not a link into one central place. Sometimes project uses one file, two files, some use everything. Normally, utility functions are included as a copy of every file and SConscript/SConstruct or Visual Studio Project (depending on the situation). Each project has a separate git repository. Sometimes one project is derived from other, sometimes it isn't. You work on every one of them, in random order. There are no other people (to make things simpler) The problem arises when while working on one project you modify those utility function files. Because each project has a copy of file, this introduces new version, which leads to the mess when you try later (week later, for example) to guess which version has a most complete functionality (i.e. you added a function to a.cpp in one project, and added another function to a.cpp in another project, which created a version fork) How would you handle this situation to avoid "version hell"? One way I can think of is using symbolic links/hard links, but it isn't perfect - if you delete one central storage, it will all go to hell. And hard links won't work on dual-boot system (although symbolic links will). It looks like what I need is something like advanced git repository, where code for the project is stored in one local repository, but is synchronized with multiple external repositories. But I'm not sure how to do it or if it is possible to do this with git. So, what do you think?

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  • Is there any reason to use C instead of C++ for embedded development?

    - by Piotr Czapla
    Question I have two compilers on my hardware C++ and C89 I'm thinking about using C++ with classes but without polymorphism (to avoid vtables). The main reasons I’d like to use C++ are: I prefer to use “inline” functions instead of macro definitions. I’d like to use namespaces as I prefixes clutter the code. I see C++ a bit type safer mainly because of templates, and verbose casting. I really like overloaded functions and constructors (used for automatic casting). Do you see any reason to stick with C89 when developing for very limited hardware (4kb of RAM)? Conclusion Thank you for your answers, they were really helpful! I though the subject through and I will stick with C mainly because: It is easier to predict actual code in C and this is really important if you have only 4kb of ram. My team consists of C developers mainly so advance features of C++ won't be frequently used. I've found a way to inline functions in my C compiler (C89). It is hard to accept one answer as you provided so many good answers. Unfortunately I can't create a wiki and accept it so I will choose one answer that made me think most.

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  • Calling a function within a jQuery plug-in

    - by Bob Knothe
    I am in the process of creating my first jQuery plug-in that will format numbers automatically to various international formats. There are a couple functions within the plug-in that strips the strings and re-formats the string that needs to be called from another jQuery script. Based on the plug-in structure below (let me know if you need the entire code) can I call and send the parameter(s) to the stripFormat(ii) and targetFormat(ii, iv) functions? Or do I need to change my plug-in structure and if so how? (function($){ var p = $.extend({ aNum: '0123456789', aNeg: '-', aSep: ',', aDec: '.', aInput: '', cPos: 0 }); $.fn.extend({ AutoFormat: function() { return this.each(function() { $(this).keypress(function (e){ code here; }); $(this).keyup(function (e){ code here; }); // Would like to call this function from another jQuery script - see below. function stripFormat(ii){ code here; } // Would like to call this function from another jQuery script - see below. function targetFormat(ii, iv){ code here; } }); } }); })(jQuery); Methods trying to call the plug-in functions: jQuery(function(){ $("input").change(function (){ //temp function to demonstrate the stripFormat() function. document.getElementById(targetElementid).value = targetFormat(targetElementid, targetValue); }); }); I have tried to use these variations without success: document.getElementById(targetElementid).value = $.targetFormat(targetElementid, targetValue); document.getElementById(targetElementid).value = $.autoFormat().targetFormat(targetElementid, targetValue);

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  • Memory Profiling with DotTrace Questions

    - by cam
    I ran dotTrace on my application (which is having some issues). IntPtr System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.CallWindowProc(IntPtr, IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr) Void System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.WaitMessage() Are the two main functions that came up, taking about 94% of the application time. Since I didn't know what these two functions were, I ran through my code line by line. It runs smooth and efficiently until a point where it just hangs. "newFrm.Show()". The newFrm only contains a textbox. The larger the file I load into the text box (it's a notepad program), the longer it takes. Now normally this makes sense, but it takes about 30 seconds for a 167 kB file. Now I'm not sure what to do. It runs incredibly slow/stops functioning when you load a textfile and try to resize the window containing the text file too. Then I realized that it is only struggling to open text files with a long string of hex inside (ie) "XX-XX-XX-" etc. With other similarly sized files it struggles with resizing somewhat, but opens within a couple seconds. Does this have something to do with the textbox properties? I've set it to multiline and set maximum characters to 0 (so unlimited). How do I solve this issue? Is there some way I can see what is being called in those functions?

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  • Any merit to a lazy-ish juxt function?

    - by NielsK
    In answering a question about a function that maps over multiple functions with the same arguments (A: juxt), I came up with a function that basically took the same form as juxt, but used map: (defn could-be-lazy-juxt [& funs] (fn [& args] (map #(apply %1 %2) funs (repeat args)))) => ((juxt inc dec str) 1) [2 0 "1"] => ((could-be-lazy-juxt inc dec str) 1) (2 0 "1") => ((juxt * / -) 6 2) [12 3 4] => ((could-be-lazy-juxt * / -) 6 2) (12 3 4) As posted in the original question, I have little clue about the laziness or performance of it, but timing in the REPL does suggest something lazy-ish is going on. => (time (apply (juxt + -) (range 1 100))) "Elapsed time: 0.097198 msecs" [4950 -4948] => (time (apply (could-be-lazy-juxt + -) (range 1 100))) "Elapsed time: 0.074558 msecs" (4950 -4948) => (time (apply (juxt + -) (range 10000000))) "Elapsed time: 1019.317913 msecs" [49999995000000 -49999995000000] => (time (apply (could-be-lazy-juxt + -) (range 10000000))) "Elapsed time: 0.070332 msecs" (49999995000000 -49999995000000) I'm sure this function is not really that quick (the print of the outcome 'feels' about as long in both). Doing a 'take x' on the function only limits the amount of functions evaluated, which probably is limited in it's applicability, and limiting the other parameters by 'take' should be just as lazy in normal juxt. Is this juxt really lazy ? Would a lazy juxt bring anything useful to the table, for instance as a compositing step between other lazy functions ? What are the performance (mem / cpu / object count / compilation) implications ? Is that why the Clojure juxt implementation is done with a reduce and returns a vector ? Edit: Somehow things can always be done simpler in Clojure. (defn could-be-lazy-juxt [& funs] (fn [& args] (map #(apply % args) funs)))

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  • boost::python string-convertible properties

    - by Checkers
    I have a C++ class, which has the following methods: class Bar { ... const Foo& getFoo() const; void setFoo(const Foo&); }; where class Foo is convertible to std::string (it has an implicit constructor from std::string and an std::string cast operator). I define a Boost.Python wrapper class, which, among other things, defines a property based on previous two functions: class_<Bar>("Bar") ... .add_property( "foo", make_function( &Bar::getFoo, return_value_policy<return_by_value>()), &Bar::setFoo) ... I also mark the class as convertible to/from std::string. implicitly_convertible<std::string, Foo>(); implicitly_convertible<Foo, std::string>(); But at runtime I still get a conversion error trying to access this property: TypeError: No to_python (by-value) converter found for C++ type: Foo How to achieve the conversion without too much boilerplate of wrapper functions? (I already have all the conversion functions in class Foo, so duplication is undesirable.

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  • Trying to create a .NET DLL to be used with Non-.NET Application

    - by Changeling
    I am trying to create a .NET DLL so I can use the cryptographic functions with my non .NET application. I have created a class library so far with this code: namespace AESEncryption { public class EncryptDecrypt { private static readonly byte[] optionalEntropy = { 0x21, 0x05, 0x07, 0x08, 0x27, 0x02, 0x23, 0x36, 0x45, 0x50 }; public interface IEncrypt { string Encrypt(string data, string filePath); }; public class EncryptDecryptInt:IEncrypt { public string Encrypt(string data, string filePath) { byte[] plainKey; try { // Read in the secret key from our cipher key store byte[] cipher = File.ReadAllBytes(filePath); plainKey = ProtectedData.Unprotect(cipher, optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser); // Convert our plaintext data into a byte array byte[] plainTextBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); Rijndael alg = Rijndael.Create(); alg.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; alg.Key = plainKey; alg.IV = optionalEntropy; CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); cs.Write(plainTextBytes, 0, plainTextBytes.Length); cs.Close(); byte[] encryptedData = ms.ToArray(); return Convert.ToString(encryptedData); } catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; } } } } } In my VC++ application, I am using the #import directive to import the TLB file created from the DLL, but the only available functions are _AESEncryption and LIB_AES etc I don't see the interface or the function Encrypt. When I try to instantiate so I can call the functions in my VC++ program, I use this code and get the following error: HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL); IEncryptPtr pIEncrypt(__uuidof(EncryptDecryptInt)); error C2065: 'IEncryptPtr': undeclared identifier error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'pIEncrypt'

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  • erlide, which eclipse/which packages?

    - by KevinDTimm
    I have downloaded eclipse 3.4 (java version) for MacOSX (carbon). I have tried to 'update' to the erlide, but see many (duplicated) options (many erlide, options that say 'only for erl SDK updates', etc.) Sometimes I get 403 errors when attempting to access http://erlide.org/update and http://erlide.sourceforge.net/update. Finally, when I get some set of options installed, I either get errors like : Loading of /Users/kevindtimm/Documents/eclipse-java-ganymede-SR2-macosx-carbon/eclipse/plugins/org.erlide.kernel.common_0.8.1.201005250801/ebin/erlide_kernel_common.beam failed: badfile (hello_world@ktmac)1> =ERROR REPORT==== 24-Nov-2010::19:17:32 === beam/beam_load.c(1768): Error loading function erlide_kernel_common:monitor/0: op put_string u u x: please re-compile this module with an R14B compiler or, when I've done different installations of erlide, I get no response in the console to : hello:hello(). Does anybody have a good reference for how to load this plug-in and which items I should install? -module(hello). -export([hello/0]). hello() -> io:write("Hello World\n"). [edit] I have installed eclipse 3.6 (c++) as requested below, and the following code still can't find hello:hello(). %%file_comment -module(hello). %% %% Include files %% %% %% Exported Functions %% -export([hello/0]). %% %% API Functions %% %% %% Local Functions %% hello() -> io:write("Hello World\n"). [/edit]

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  • How to see external libraries code when debugging

    - by Sanva
    Hello!! First of all... this is my message #1 in this place, so... please be nice with me ;) I just started recently to study Gnome apps/libraries and I found that debuggers are an excellent way to learn, because seeing the code running helps a lot in understanding the structure of the program. But I have a problem. For example, debugging gnome-panel I found a lot of calls to external functions (basically the GTK+ functions), and although pretending to see all the code of all the functions applications like this call would be crazy, there are a lot that will be very interesting to see in action. The problem is that the debugger hasn't the code of those libraries loaded and it can't show it to me —at most it shows the line number where the execution is. I'm using Nemiver and when it tries to enter in an external function it claims because it can't find a file it supposed to be somewhere. For example, trying to enter in gtk_window_set_default_icon_name it tries to load /build/buildd/gtk+2.0-2.16.1/gtk/gtkwindow.c, and calling XSetIOErrorHandler, ../../src/ErrHndlr.c. So now I think that I'm doing something wrong... Why Nevimer are looking for those source files in those places?? My system does not even have the /build/buildd/ folders... and I don't know if I'm doing something wrong or I need to install somethig or what. Any suggestion? How do you debug this kind of applications? Best regards and thanks a lot for your time —and forgive me if my English is bad.

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  • Calculating a total cost in Python

    - by Sérgio Lourenço
    I'm trying to create a trip planner in python, but after I defined all the functions I'm not able to call and calculate them in the last function tripCost(). In tripCost, I want to put the days and travel destination (city) and the program runs the functions and gives me the exact result of all the 3 functions previously defined. Code: def hotelCost(): days = raw_input ("How many nights will you stay at the hotel?") total = 140 * int(days) print "The total cost is",total,"dollars" def planeRideCost(): city = raw_input ("Wich city will you travel to\n") if city == 'Charlotte': return "The cost is 183$" elif city == 'Tampa': return "The cost is 220$" elif city == 'Pittsburgh': return "The cost is 222$" elif city == 'Los Angeles': return "The cost is 475$" else: return "That's not a valid destination" def rentalCarCost(): rental_days = raw_input ("How many days will you rent the car\n") discount_3 = 40 * int(rental_days) * 0.2 discount_7 = 40 * int(rental_days) * 0.5 total_rent3 = 40 * int(rental_days) - discount_3 total_rent7 = 40 * int(rental_days) - discount_7 cost_day = 40 * int(rental_days) if int(rental_days) >= 3: print "The total cost is", total_rent3, "dollars" elif int(rental_days) >= 7: print "The total cost is", total_rent7, "dollars" else: print "The total cost is", cost_day, "dollars" def tripCost(): travel_city = raw_input ("What's our destination\n") days_travel = raw_input ("\nHow many days will you stay\n") total_trip_cost = hotelCost(int(day_travel)) + planeRideCost (str(travel_city)) + rentalCost (int(days_travel)) return "The total cost with the trip is", total_trip_cost tripCost()

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  • What exactly is a reentrant function?

    - by eSKay
    Most of the times, the definition of reentrance is quoted from Wikipedia: A computer program or routine is described as reentrant if it can be safely called again before its previous invocation has been completed (i.e it can be safely executed concurrently). To be reentrant, a computer program or routine: Must hold no static (or global) non-constant data. Must not return the address to static (or global) non-constant data. Must work only on the data provided to it by the caller. Must not rely on locks to singleton resources. Must not modify its own code (unless executing in its own unique thread storage) Must not call non-reentrant computer programs or routines. How is safely defined? If a program can be safely executed concurrently, does it always mean that it is reentrant? What exactly is the common thread between the six points mentioned that I should keep in mind while checking my code for reentrant capabilities? Also, Are all recursive functions reentrant? Are all thread-safe functions reentrant? Are all recursive and thread-safe functions reentrant? While writing this question, one thing comes to mind: Are the terms like reentrance and thread safety absolute at all i.e. do they have fixed concrete definations? For, if they are not, this question is not very meaningful. Thanks!

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  • LLVM: Passing a pointer to a struct, which holds a pointer to a function, to a JIT function

    - by Rusky
    I have an LLVM (version 2.7) module with a function that takes a pointer to a struct. That struct contains a function pointer to a C++ function. The module function is going to be JIT-compiled, and I need to build that struct in C++ using the LLVM API. I can't seem get the pointer to the function as an LLVM value, let alone pass a pointer to the ConstantStruct that I can't build. I'm not sure if I'm even on the track, but this is what I have so far: void print(char*); vector<Constant*> functions; functions.push_back(ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr( ConstantInt::get(Type::getInt32Ty(context), (int)print), /* function pointer type here, FunctionType::get(...) doesn't seem to work */ )); ConstantStruct* struct = cast<ConstantStruct>(ConstantStruct::get( cast<StructType>(m->getTypeByName("printer")), functions )); Function* main = m->getFunction("main"); vector<GenericValue> args; args[0].PointerVal = /* not sure what goes here */ ee->runFunction(main, args);

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  • "variable tracking" is eating my compile time!

    - by wowus
    I have an auto-generated file which looks something like this... static void do_SomeFunc1(void* parameter) { // Do stuff. } // Continues on for another 4000 functions... void dispatch(int id, void* parameter) { switch(id) { case ::SomeClass1::id: return do_SomeFunc1(parameter); case ::SomeClass2::id: return do_SomeFunc2(parameter); // This continues for the next 4000 cases... } } When I build it like this, the build time is enormous. If I inline all the functions automagically into their respective cases using my script, the build time is cut in half. GCC 4.5.0 says ~50% of the build time is being taken up by "variable tracking" when I use -ftime-report. What does this mean and how can I speed compilation while still maintaining the superior cache locality of pulling out the functions from the switch? EDIT: Interestingly enough, the build time has exploded only on debug builds, as per the following profiling information of the whole project (which isn't just the file in question, but still a good metric; the file in question takes the most time to build): Debug: 8 minutes 50 seconds Release: 4 minutes, 25 seconds

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  • What's a good way to provide additional decoration/metadata for Python function parameters?

    - by Will Dean
    We're considering using Python (IronPython, but I don't think that's relevant) to provide a sort of 'macro' support for another application, which controls a piece of equipment. We'd like to write fairly simple functions in Python, which take a few arguments - these would be things like times and temperatures and positions. Different functions would take different arguments, and the main application would contain user interface (something like a property grid) which allows the users to provide values for the Python function arguments. So, for example function1 might take a time and a temperature, and function2 might take a position and a couple of times. We'd like to be able to dynamically build the user interface from the Python code. Things which are easy to do are to find a list of functions in a module, and (using inspect.getargspec) to get a list of arguments to each function. However, just a list of argument names is not really enough - ideally we'd like to be able to include some more information about each argument - for instance, it's 'type' (high-level type - time, temperature, etc, not language-level type), and perhaps a 'friendly name' or description. So, the question is, what are good 'pythonic' ways of adding this sort of information to a function. The two possibilities I have thought of are: Use a strict naming convention for arguments, and then infer stuff about them from their names (fetched using getargspec) Invent our own docstring meta-language (could be little more than CSV) and use the docstring for our metadata. Because Python seems pretty popular for building scripting into large apps, I imagine this is a solved problem with some common conventions, but I haven't been able to find them.

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  • PHP question about global variables and form requests

    - by user220201
    Hi, This is probably a stupid question but will ask anyway sine I have no idea. I have written basic php code which serve forms. Say I have a login page and I serve it using the login.php page and it will be called in the login.html page like this - <form action="login.php" method="post"> By this it is also implied that every POST needs its own php file, doesn't it? This kind of feels weird. Is there a way to have a single file, say code.php, and just have each of the forms as functions instead? EDIT: Specifically, say I have 5 forms that are used one after the other in my application. Say after login the user does A, B, C and D tasks each of which are sent to the server as a POST request. So instead of having A.php, B.php, C.php and D.php I would like to have a single code.php and have A(), B(), C() and D() as functions. Is there a way to do this? Also on the same note, how do I deal with say a global array (e.g. an array of currently logged in users) across multiple forms? I want to do this without writing to a DB. I know its probably better to write to a DB and query but is it even possible to do it with a global array? The reason I was thinking about having all the form functions in one file is to use a global array. Thanks, - Pav

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  • Dynamic editor upload into web page. Need advice

    - by Andrew Florko
    Hello everybody, I am writing intranet site for tracking employees science activities in organization. There lots of editable information on each personal page (science degree, publications & so on) so I upload editor per request (user clicks "edit" and modal dialog with html editor: set of textboxes/comboboxes/autocomplete features & validation logic appears). Editor is html layout that is wrapped with jquery dialog plugin + some logic, written as javascript functions that should be invoked from the callee page (onsubmit, validate, afterLoad editor events). There are also attributes (editor preferrable with and height) that are passed to callee page also. Currently I send these functions & attribute as ... function onsubmit() { }; function validate() { } var width = 640; var height = 800 ... code that is embedded into the request page. Function calls and editor markup wrap with jquery plugin completed in the callee page. It works, but I have some try { call editor event handler } catch { } stuff in callee page (because not every editor provides these functions) and some attributes (editor width & height for instance) that are loaded as variables declared in javascript. Please, suggest, is there a better approach to build & use custom editors for my situation. Thank you in advance!

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