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  • mod_rewrite "Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error."

    - by Shoaibi
    What i want: Force www [works] Restrict access to .inc.php [works] Force redirection of abc.php to /abc/ Removal of extension from url Add a trailing slash if needed old .htaccess : Options +FollowSymLinks <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / ### Force www RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.net$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www\.example\.net/$1 [L,R=301] ### Restrict access RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(.*)\.inc\.php$ [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F,L] #### Remove extension: RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1.php [L,R=301] ######### Trailing slash: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(.*)/$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.net/$1/ [R=301,L] </IfModule> New .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / ### Force www RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.net$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www\.example\.net/$1 [L,R=301] ### Restrict access RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(.*)\.inc\.php$ [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F,L] #### Remove extension: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} \.php$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f RewriteRule (.*)\.php$ /$1/ [L,R=301] #### Map pseudo-directory to PHP file RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f RewriteRule (.*) /$1.php [L] ######### Trailing slash: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !/$ RewriteRule (.*) $1/ [L,R=301] </IfModule> errorlog: Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error. Use 'LimitInternalRecursion' to increase the limit if necessary. Use 'LogLevel debug' to get a backtrace., referer: http://www.example.net/ Rewrite.log: http://pastebin.com/x5PKeJHB

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  • Retrieve the full ASP.NET Form Buffer as a String

    - by Rick Strahl
    Did it again today: For logging purposes I needed to capture the full Request.Form data as a string and while it’s pretty easy to retrieve the buffer it always takes me a few minutes to remember how to do it. So I finally wrote a small helper function to accomplish this since this comes up rather frequently especially in debugging scenarios or in the immediate window. Here’s the quick function to get the form buffer as string: /// <summary> /// Returns the content of the POST buffer as string /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static string FormBufferToString() { HttpRequest Request = HttpContext.Current.Request; if (Request.TotalBytes > 0) return Encoding.Default.GetString(Request.BinaryRead(Request.TotalBytes)); return string.Empty; } Clearly a simple task, but handy to have in your library for reuse. You probably don’t want to call this if you have a massive inbound form buffer, or if the data you’re retrieving is binary. It’s probably a good idea to check the inbound content type before calling this function with something like this: var formBuffer = string.Empty; if (Request.ContentType.StartsWith("text/") || Request.ContentType == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") ) { formBuffer = FormBufferToString(); } to ensure you’re working only on content types you can actually view as text. Now if I can only remember the name of this function in my library – it’s part of the static WebUtils class in the West Wind Web Toolkit if you want to check out a number of other useful Web helper functions.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  

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  • How do I handle a request for "index.php/somepath" in Nginx config?

    - by Arne
    I'm currently attempting to serve Icinga from nginx. The new Icinga-Web ui attempts to load a file from URL http://SERVER/icinga-web/index.php/appkit/squishloader/javascript (leading to a 404). How do I setup a location for this scenario? How do I get nginx to serve index.php and pass the full request path in a way Icinga understands? This is my current nginx config for icinga (adapted from the default apache config): server { server_name SERVER; root /opt/icinga/icinga-1.2.1; location /icinga-web/js/ext3 { alias /opt/icinga/icinga-1.2.1/lib/ext3; } location /icinga-web { alias /opt/icinga/icinga-1.2.1/pub; } location /icinga/cgi-bin { alias /opt/icinga/icinga-1.2.1/sbin; } location /icinga { alias /opt/icinga/icinga-1.2.1/share; } location ~ \.php([\?/].*)?$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:61000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } Any thoughts? Thanks!

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  • Why won't dhclient use the static IP I'm telling it to request?

    - by mike
    Here's my /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf: request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu; timeout 60; reject 192.168.1.27; alias { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; } lease { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 255.255.255.255; option routers 192.168.1.254; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254; } When I run "dhclient eth0", I get this: There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 6511 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.27 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK of 192.168.1.27 from 192.168.1.254 bound to 192.168.1.27 -- renewal in 1468 seconds. I used strace to make sure that dhclient really is reading that conf file. Why isn't it paying attention to my "reject 192.168.1.27" and "fixed-address 192.168.1.222" lines?

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  • Mailbox move issue from Exchange 2003 to Exchange 2010

    - by Ryan Roussel
    Today while moving mailboxes between Exchange 2003 and Exchange 2010, I hit an issue with a couple of mailboxes.  These mailboxes all popped access denied errors or more exactly: Insufficient Access Rights to perform the operation.   The cause was similar to the mail flow issue in that inheritable permissions were not turned on for the user object in Active Directory.  This also presented it’s own unique problem in that since the initial move request failed because of permissions, it had to be cleared before a new move request could be created. On top of that, the request did not show up in the EMC.  I used the following process to clear the request, assign permission, then create a new request:   1. First you need to know the ExchangeGUID of the mailbox for the remove-moverequest command.  To quickly get the GUID for a mailbox simply run:         2. Next we need to clear out the move request using PowerShell by running: [PS] c:\>Remove-moverequest -moverequestqueue "mailbox database 1030639620" -mailboxguid 8525686f-d4d3-42b7-92f1-46d77ea841a3   3. Then to re-establish inheritable permissions. This can be done by using AD Users and Computers, switching to View Advanced Features, then under the Security tab of the object.  Click Advanced, then check “allow inheritable permissions of parent to propagate to this object”   4. Once the Inheritable permissions are restored, we need to create a new move request: NOTE:  The EMC can also be used to initiate the Move Request once the permissions are corrected. [PS] c:\>New-moverequest –identity jyoung  -baditemlimit 100 -targetdatabase "mailbox database 1030639620"   And that’s it.  The mailbox should move over smoothly with no access denied error.

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  • Mercurial internal Setup on Windows 7 - Exception happened during processing of request from ...

    - by Sad0w1nL1ght
    Hy, i have 1 central repository and many locals. On my machine i have local and a central repository too. I can make clone/commit/update/push/pull very easy between the local and central repository on my local machine. but when i want to make a clone from another machine it gets an error. listening at http://MyLocalMachine:8000/ (bound to *:8000) ---------------------------------------- Exception happened during processing of request from ('192.168.0.194', 49319) Traceback (most recent call last): File "SocketServer.pyc", line 558, in process_request_thread File "SocketServer.pyc", line 320, in finish_request File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 47, in __init__ File "SocketServer.pyc", line 615, in __init__ File "BaseHTTPServer.pyc", line 329, in handle File "BaseHTTPServer.pyc", line 323, in handle_one_request File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 79, in do_GET File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 70, in do_POST File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 63, in do_write File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 127, in do_hgweb File "mercurial\hgweb\hgweb_mod.pyc", line 86, in __call__ File "mercurial\hgweb\hgweb_mod.pyc", line 118, in run_wsgi ErrorResponse ---------------------------------------- The command line wich started the central repo: hg serve -R TT -n TTZoli The command from remote machine for cloning: hg clone --pull http://MyLocalMachine:8000/TT Config for the central repo: [ui] username = MyLocalUserName username = test <[email protected]> with this user i'm trying to acces the central repo [web] push_ssl = false Config for the remote repo: [ui] username = test <[email protected]> [web] push_ssl = false I'm not sure if it's relevant,my firewall is turned off on both machines, and the files in /hg folder are not versioned on the server, except hgignore. Could you please suggest some ideas? What could be the problem? Thanks in advance!

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  • F# Simple Twitter Update

    - by mroberts
    A short while ago I posted some code for a C# twitter update.  I decided to move the same functionality / logic to F#.  Here is what I came up with. 1: namespace Server.Actions 2:   3: open System 4: open System.IO 5: open System.Net 6: open System.Text 7:   8: type public TwitterUpdate() = 9: 10: //member variables 11: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _body : string 12: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _userName : string 13: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _password : string 14:   15: //Properties 16: member this.Body with get() = this._body and set(value) = this._body <- value 17: member this.UserName with get() = this._userName and set(value) = this._userName <- value 18: member this.Password with get() = this._password and set(value) = this._password <- value 19:   20: //Methods 21: member this.Execute() = 22: let login = String.Format("{0}:{1}", this._userName, this._password) 23: let creds = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(login)) 24: let tweet = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(String.Format("status={0}", this._body)) 25: let request = WebRequest.Create("http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml") :?> HttpWebRequest 26: 27: request.Method <- "POST" 28: request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue <- false 29: request.Headers.Add("Authorization", String.Format("Basic {0}", creds)) 30: request.ContentType <- "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" 31: request.ContentLength <- int64 tweet.Length 32: 33: let reqStream = request.GetRequestStream() 34: reqStream.Write(tweet, 0, tweet.Length) 35: reqStream.Close() 36:   37: let response = request.GetResponse() :?> HttpWebResponse 38:   39: match response.StatusCode with 40: | HttpStatusCode.OK -> true 41: | _ -> false   While the above seems to work, it feels to me like it is not taking advantage of some functional concepts.  Love to get some feedback as to how to make the above more “functional” in nature.  For example, I don’t like the mutable properties.

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  • Simple Linux program that takes any HTTP/HTTPS request and returns a single page?

    - by ultrasawblade
    I have a Linux box operating as router. There's a NIC that's connected to the internet (WAN), a NIC connected to an 8-port GbE switch (LAN), and a NIC connected to a Linksys wireless N-router (WLAN). Routing between everything is working perfectly. I have security completely disabled on the wireless router, but the WLAN NIC is firewalled such that it will only accept DNS queries and PPTP VPN connections. Currently HTTP/HTTPS traffic and everything else is blocked. I would like to run something that listens on port 80/443 of the WLAN NIC, and, for non VPN'ed connections, given any HTTP/HTTPS request it will return a single webpage saying "Unauthenticated" and explain how to sign into the VPN. A transparent proxy seems to be what I need, but my searches all seem to direct me to Squid, which is already running on my server and seems overkill for this simple task. Is there a simpler, lightweight program out there that does just this or should I just suck it up and run two instances of Squid (or figure out how to configure it)? Or, is this entire VPN thing I'm doing complete nonsense and I should just enable encryption on the wireless router?

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  • ADFS Relying Party

    - by user49607
    I'm trying to set up an Active Directory Federation Service Relying Party and I get the following error. I've tried modifying the page to allow <pages validateRequest="false"> to web.config and it doesn't make a difference. Can someone help me out? Server Error in '/test' Application. A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo..."). Description: Request Validation has detected a potentially dangerous client input value, and processing of the request has been aborted. This value may indicate an attempt to compromise the security of your application, such as a cross-site scripting attack. To allow pages to override application request validation settings, set the requestValidationMode attribute in the httpRuntime configuration section to requestValidationMode="2.0". Example: <httpRuntime requestValidationMode="2.0" />. After setting this value, you can then disable request validation by setting validateRequest="false" in the Page directive or in the <pages> configuration section. However, it is strongly recommended that your application explicitly check all inputs in this case. For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=153133. Exception Details: System.Web.HttpRequestValidationException: A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo..."). Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [HttpRequestValidationException (0x80004005): A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo...").] System.Web.HttpRequest.ValidateString(String value, String collectionKey, RequestValidationSource requestCollection) +11309476 System.Web.HttpRequest.ValidateNameValueCollection(NameValueCollection nvc, RequestValidationSource requestCollection) +82 System.Web.HttpRequest.get_Form() +186 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.IsSignInResponse(HttpRequest request) +26 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.CanReadSignInResponse(HttpRequest request, Boolean onPage) +145 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.OnAuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs args) +108 System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +80 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +266 `

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  • nginx 502 bad gateway - fastcgi not listening? (Debian 5)

    - by Sean
    I have experience with nginx but it's always been pre-installed for me (via VPS.net pre-configured image). I really like what it does for me, and now I'm trying to install it on my own server with apt-get. This is a fairly fresh Debian 5 install. I have few extra packages installed but they're all .deb's, no manual compiling or anything crazy going on. Apache is already installed but I disabled it. I did apt-get install nginx and that worked fine. Changed the config around a bit for my needs, although the same problem I'm about to describe happens even with the default config. It took me a while to figure out that the default debian package for nginx doesn't spawn fastcgi processes automatically. That's pretty lame, but I figured out how to do that with this script, which I found posted on many different web sites: #!/bin/bash ## ABSOLUTE path to the PHP binary PHPFCGI="/usr/bin/php5-cgi" ## tcp-port to bind on FCGIPORT="9000" ## IP to bind on FCGIADDR="127.0.0.1" ## number of PHP children to spawn PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=10 ## number of request before php-process will be restarted PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 # allowed environment variables sperated by spaces ALLOWED_ENV="ORACLE_HOME PATH USER" ## if this script is run as root switch to the following user USERID=www-data ################## no config below this line if test x$PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN = x; then PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=5 fi ALLOWED_ENV="$ALLOWED_ENV PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" ALLOWED_ENV="$ALLOWED_ENV PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" ALLOWED_ENV="$ALLOWED_ENV FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS" if test x$UID = x0; then EX="/bin/su -m -c \"$PHPFCGI -q -b $FCGIADDR:$FCGIPORT\" $USERID" else EX="$PHPFCGI -b $FCGIADDR:$FCGIPORT" fi echo $EX # copy the allowed environment variables E= for i in $ALLOWED_ENV; do E="$E $i=${!i}" done # clean environment and set up a new one nohup env - $E sh -c "$EX" &> /dev/null & When I do a "ps -A | grep php5-cgi", I see the 10 processes running, that should be ready to listen. But when I try to view a web page via nginx, I just get a 502 bad gateway error. After futzing around a bit, I tried telneting to 127.0.0.1 9000 (fastcgi is listening on port 9000, and nginx is configured to talk to that port), but it just immediately closes the connection. This makes me think the problem is with fastcgi, but I'm not sure what I can do to test it. It may just be closing the connection because it's not getting fed any data to process, but it closes immediately so that makes me think otherwise. So... any advice? I can't figure it out. It doesn't help that it's 1AM, but I'm going crazy here!

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  • Live CD has black screen HP DV6

    - by Shaun Killingbeck
    Attempting to install/try ubuntu (11.10, 12.04) on my new laptop, using a liveCD (and tried USB). I get the purple screen (with the man/keyboard at the bottom) and after that the screen flashes bright white before going black. Ubuntu continues to load in the background, with login sound etc but the screen is off. I have tried as many different solutions as I could find including: using nomodestep, xforcevesa, i915.modeset=0, and also now i915.modeset=1 in boot options (seperately): varying consequences, but either I end up at a blinking cursor with no prompt, a command line (startx fails: no screen found), or the original blank screen again Tried booting from VirtualBox - it crashes at the same place the screen would go blank when using a CD/USB tried 11.04: I don't have this problem BUT when trying to install, I get a ubi-partman error 141 (possibly down to the three partitions that came on my laptop... not sure why HP needed there own separate partition for HP Tools...) Model: HP Pavillion DV6 6B08SA Processor: AMD Quad-Core A6-3410MX APU with Radeon HD 6545G2 Dual Graphics (1.6 GHZ 4 MB L2 cache ) Chipset: AMD RS880M Any help would be greatly appreciated. I just want to be able to partition the drive and install Ubuntu. I'm assuming the issue is graphics card related, although I have no confirmation of that. Update: Tried the ?orkarounds on https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/BlankScreen - set gfxpayload=text changed nothing, removing splash did nothing and setting vesafb.nonsense=1 did nothing either. I'd like to be able to collect some log information somehow, but I can't get to a command line from the liveCD. tried using the latest 12.04 beta, same issue tried nomodeset without splash or quiet. get the following (tail of) output before it freezes on that screen: * Starting configure network device security [OK] * Starting configure network device [OK] [ 25.720899] ieee80211 phy0: w1_ops_config: change monitor mode: false (implement) [ 25.720923] ieee80211 phy0: w1_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) * Starting restore sound card(s') mixer state(s) [fail] [ 25.721849] ieee80211 phy0: w1_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) * Stopping save kernel messages [OK] * Starting bluetooth [OK] * PulseAudio configured for per-user sessions saned disabled; edit /etc/default/saned [ 25.988016] hci_cmd_timer: hci0 command tx timeout [ 26.207225] bad LUN (0:1) [ 26.223735] bad target number (1:0) [ 26.252111] bad target number (2:0) [ 26.272170] bad target number (3:0) [ 26.300154] bad target number (4:0) [ 26.328162] bad target number (5:0) [ 26.344180] bad target number (6:0) [ 26.368142] bad target number (7:0) * Checking battery state... [OK] * Stopping System V runlevel capability [OK] Does this give any indication of the problem? the false (implement) messages also reappear when I press the power button to ask it to shutdown, followed by a [fail] status for killing remaining processes.

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  • What makes static initialization functions good, bad, or otherwise?

    - by Richard Levasseur
    Suppose you had code like this: _READERS = None _WRITERS = None def Init(num_readers, reader_params, num_writers, writer_params, ...args...): ...logic... _READERS = new ReaderPool(num_readers, reader_params) _WRITERS = new WriterPool(num_writers, writer_params) ...more logic... class Doer: def __init__(...args...): ... def Read(self, ...args...): c = _READERS.get() try: ...work with conn finally: _READERS.put(c) def Writer(...): ...similar to Read()... To me, this is a bad pattern to follow, some cons: Doers can be created without its preconditions being satisfied The code isn't easily testable because ConnPool can't be directly mocked out. Init has to be called right the first time. If its changed so it can be called multiple times, extra logic has to be added to check if variables are already defined, and lots of NULL values have to be passed around to skip re-initializing. In the event of threads, the above becomes more complicated by adding locking Globals aren't being used to communicate state (which isn't strictly bad, but a code smell) On the other hand, some pros: its very convenient to call Init(5, "user/pass", 2, "user/pass") It simple and "clean" Personally, I think the cons outweigh the pros, that is, testability and assured preconditions outweigh simplicity and convenience.

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  • My program is spending most of its time in objc_msgSend. Does that mean that Objective-C has bad per

    - by Paperflyer
    Hello Stackoverflow. I have written an application that has a number of custom views and generally draws a lot of lines and bitmaps. Since performance is somewhat critical for the application, I spent a good amount of time optimizing draw performance. Now, activity monitor tells me that my application is usually using about 12% CPU and Instrument (the profiler) says that a whopping 10% CPU is spent in objc_msgSend (mostly in drawing related system calls). On the one hand, I am glad about this since it means that my drawing is about as fast as it gets and my optimizations where a huge success. On the other hand, it seems to imply that the only thing that is still using my CPU is the Objective-C overhead for messages (objc_msgSend). Hence, that if I had written the application in, say, Carbon, its performance would be drastically better. Now I am tempted to conclude that Objective-C is a language with bad performance, even though Cocoa seems to be awfully efficient since it can apparently draw faster than Objective-C can send messages. So, is Objective-C really a language with bad performance? What do you think about that?

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  • Are background threads a bad idea? Why?

    - by Matt Grande
    So I've been told what I'm doing here is wrong, but I'm not sure why. I have a webpage that imports a CSV file with document numbers to perform an expensive operation on. I've put the expensive operation into a background thread to prevent it from blocking the application. Here's what I have in a nutshell. protected void ButtonUpload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (FileUploadCSV.HasFile) { string fileText; using (var sr = new StreamReader(FileUploadCSV.FileContent)) { fileText = sr.ReadToEnd(); } var documentNumbers = fileText.Split(new[] {',', '\n', '\r'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); ThreadStart threadStart = () => AnotherClass.ExpensiveOperation(documentNumbers); var thread = new Thread(threadStart) {IsBackground = true}; thread.Start(); } } (obviously with some error checking & messages for users thrown in) So my three-fold question is: a) Is this a bad idea? b) Why is this a bad idea? c) What would you do instead?

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  • Bad idea to force creation of Mercurial remote heads (ie. branches)?

    - by Chad Johnson
    I am developing a centralized web application, and I have a centralized Mercurial repository. Locally I created a branch in my repository hg branch my_branch I then made some changes and committed. Then when I try to push, I get abort: push creates new remote branch 'my_branch'! (did you forget to merge? use push -f to force) I've just been using push -f. Is this bad? I WANT multiple branches in my central, remote repository, as I want to 1) back up my work and 2) allow other developers to develop with me on that branch. Is it bad or something to have branches in my remote repository or something? Should I not be doing push -f (and if not, what should I do?)? Why does Joel say this in his tutorial: Occasionally I've made a change in a branch, pushed, switched to another branch, and changes I had made in that branch I switch to were mysteriously reverted to a previous version from several commits ago. Maybe this is a symptom of forcing a push?

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  • AuthnRequest Settings in OIF / SP

    - by Damien Carru
    In this article, I will list the various OIF/SP settings that affect how an AuthnRequest message is created in OIF in a Federation SSO flow. The AuthnRequest message is used by an SP to start a Federation SSO operation and to indicate to the IdP how the operation should be executed: How the user should be challenged at the IdP Whether or not the user should be challenged at the IdP, even if a session already exists at the IdP for this user Which NameID format should be requested in the SAML Assertion Which binding (Artifact or HTTP-POST) should be requested from the IdP to send the Assertion Which profile should be used by OIF/SP to send the AuthnRequest message Enjoy the reading! Protocols The SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1 and OpenID 2.0 protocols define different message elements and rules that allow an administrator to influence the Federation SSO flows in different manners, when the SP triggers an SSO operation: SAML 2.0 allows extensive customization via the AuthnRequest message SAML 1.1 does not allow any customization, since the specifications do not define an authentication request message OpenID 2.0 allows for some customization, mainly via the OpenID 2.0 extensions such as PAPE or UI SAML 2.0 OIF/SP allows the customization of the SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest message for the following elements: ForceAuthn: Boolean indicating whether or not the IdP should force the user for re-authentication, even if the user has still a valid session By default set to false IsPassive Boolean indicating whether or not the IdP is allowed to interact with the user as part of the Federation SSO operation. If false, the Federation SSO operation might result in a failure with the NoPassive error code, because the IdP will not have been able to identify the user By default set to false RequestedAuthnContext Element indicating how the user should be challenged at the IdP If the SP requests a Federation Authentication Method unknown to the IdP or for which the IdP is not configured, then the Federation SSO flow will result in a failure with the NoAuthnContext error code By default missing NameIDPolicy Element indicating which NameID format the IdP should include in the SAML Assertion If the SP requests a NameID format unknown to the IdP or for which the IdP is not configured, then the Federation SSO flow will result in a failure with the InvalidNameIDPolicy error code If missing, the IdP will generally use the default NameID format configured for this SP partner at the IdP By default missing ProtocolBinding Element indicating which SAML binding should be used by the IdP to redirect the user to the SP with the SAML Assertion Set to Artifact or HTTP-POST By default set to HTTP-POST OIF/SP also allows the administrator to configure the server to: Set which binding should be used by OIF/SP to redirect the user to the IdP with the SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest message: Redirect or HTTP-POST By default set to Redirect Set which binding should be used by OIF/SP to redirect the user to the IdP during logout with SAML 2.0 Logout messages: Redirect or HTTP-POST By default set to Redirect SAML 1.1 The SAML 1.1 specifications do not define a message for the SP to send to the IdP when a Federation SSO operation is started. As such, there is no capability to configure OIF/SP on how to affect the start of the Federation SSO flow. OpenID 2.0 OpenID 2.0 defines several extensions that can be used by the SP/RP to affect how the Federation SSO operation will take place: OpenID request: mode: String indicating if the IdP/OP can visually interact with the user checkid_immediate does not allow the IdP/OP to interact with the user checkid_setup allows user interaction By default set to checkid_setup PAPE Extension: max_auth_age : Integer indicating in seconds the maximum amount of time since when the user authenticated at the IdP. If MaxAuthnAge is bigger that the time since when the user last authenticated at the IdP, then the user must be re-challenged. OIF/SP will set this attribute to 0 if the administrator configured ForceAuthn to true, otherwise this attribute won't be set Default missing preferred_auth_policies Contains a Federation Authentication Method Element indicating how the user should be challenged at the IdP By default missing Only specified in the OpenID request if the IdP/OP supports PAPE in XRDS, if OpenID discovery is used. UI Extension Popup mode Boolean indicating the popup mode is enabled for the Federation SSO By default missing Language Preference String containing the preferred language, set based on the browser's language preferences. By default missing Icon: Boolean indicating if the icon feature is enabled. In that case, the IdP/OP would look at the SP/RP XRDS to determine how to retrieve the icon By default missing Only specified in the OpenID request if the IdP/OP supports UI Extenstion in XRDS, if OpenID discovery is used. ForceAuthn and IsPassive WLST Command OIF/SP provides the WLST configureIdPAuthnRequest() command to set: ForceAuthn as a boolean: In a SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest, the ForceAuthn field will be set to true or false In an OpenID 2.0 request, if ForceAuthn in the configuration was set to true, then the max_auth_age field of the PAPE request will be set to 0, otherwise, max_auth_age won't be set IsPassive as a boolean: In a SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest, the IsPassive field will be set to true or false In an OpenID 2.0 request, if IsPassive in the configuration was set to true, then the mode field of the OpenID request will be set to checkid_immediate, otherwise set to checkid_setup Test In this test, OIF/SP is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 IdP Partner, with the OOTB configuration. Based on this setup, when OIF/SP starts a Federation SSO flow, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>   <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> Let's configure OIF/SP for that IdP Partner, so that the SP will require the IdP to re-challenge the user, even if the user is already authenticated: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the configureIdPAuthnRequest() command:configureIdPAuthnRequest(partner="AcmeIdP", forceAuthn="true") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After the changes, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ForceAuthn="true" ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>   <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> To display or delete the ForceAuthn/IsPassive settings, perform the following operatons: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the configureIdPAuthnRequest() command: To display the ForceAuthn/IsPassive settings on the partnerconfigureIdPAuthnRequest(partner="AcmeIdP", displayOnly="true") To delete the ForceAuthn/IsPassive settings from the partnerconfigureIdPAuthnRequest(partner="AcmeIdP", delete="true") Exit the WLST environment:exit() Requested Fed Authn Method In my earlier "Fed Authentication Method Requests in OIF / SP" article, I discussed how OIF/SP could be configured to request a specific Federation Authentication Method from the IdP when starting a Federation SSO operation, by setting elements in the SSO request message. WLST Command The OIF WLST commands that can be used are: setIdPPartnerProfileRequestAuthnMethod() which will configure the requested Federation Authentication Method in a specific IdP Partner Profile, and accepts the following parameters: partnerProfile: name of the IdP Partner Profile authnMethod: the Federation Authentication Method to request displayOnly: an optional parameter indicating if the method should display the current requested Federation Authentication Method instead of setting it delete: an optional parameter indicating if the method should delete the current requested Federation Authentication Method instead of setting it setIdPPartnerRequestAuthnMethod() which will configure the specified IdP Partner entry with the requested Federation Authentication Method, and accepts the following parameters: partner: name of the IdP Partner authnMethod: the Federation Authentication Method to request displayOnly: an optional parameter indicating if the method should display the current requested Federation Authentication Method instead of setting it delete: an optional parameter indicating if the method should delete the current requested Federation Authentication Method instead of setting it This applies to SAML 2.0 and OpenID 2.0 protocols. See the "Fed Authentication Method Requests in OIF / SP" article for more information. Test In this test, OIF/SP is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 IdP Partner, with the OOTB configuration. Based on this setup, when OIF/SP starts a Federation SSO flow, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>   <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> Let's configure OIF/SP for that IdP Partner, so that the SP will request the IdP to use a mechanism mapped to the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 Federation Authentication Method to authenticate the user: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setIdPPartnerRequestAuthnMethod() command:setIdPPartnerRequestAuthnMethod("AcmeIdP", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After the changes, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>   <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/>   <samlp:RequestedAuthnContext Comparison="minimum">      <saml:AuthnContextClassRef xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">         urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509      </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>   </samlp:RequestedAuthnContext></samlp:AuthnRequest> NameID Format The SAML 2.0 protocol allows for the SP to request from the IdP a specific NameID format to be used when the Assertion is issued by the IdP. Note: SAML 1.1 and OpenID 2.0 do not provide such a mechanism Configuring OIF The administrator can configure OIF/SP to request a NameID format in the SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest via: The OAM Administration Console, in the IdP Partner entry The OIF WLST setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat() command that will modify the IdP Partner configuration OAM Administration Console To configure the requested NameID format via the OAM Administration Console, perform the following steps: Go to the OAM Administration Console: http(s)://oam-admin-host:oam-admin-port/oamconsole Navigate to Identity Federation -> Service Provider Administration Open the IdP Partner you wish to modify In the Authentication Request NameID Format dropdown box with one of the values None The NameID format will be set Default Email Address The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress X.509 Subject The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:X509SubjectName Windows Name Qualifier The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:WindowsDomainQualifiedName Kerberos The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:kerberos Transient The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient Unspecified The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified Custom In this case, a field would appear allowing the administrator to indicate the custom NameID format to use The NameID format will be set to the specified format Persistent The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent I selected Email Address in this example Save WLST Command To configure the requested NameID format via the OIF WLST setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat() command, perform the following steps: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat() command:setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat("PARTNER", "FORMAT", customFormat="CUSTOM") Replace PARTNER with the IdP Partner name Replace FORMAT with one of the following: orafed-none The NameID format will be set Default orafed-emailaddress The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress orafed-x509 The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:X509SubjectName orafed-windowsnamequalifier The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:WindowsDomainQualifiedName orafed-kerberos The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:kerberos orafed-transient The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient orafed-unspecified The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified orafed-custom In this case, a field would appear allowing the administrator to indicate the custom NameID format to use The NameID format will be set to the specified format orafed-persistent The NameID format will be set urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent customFormat will need to be set if the FORMAT is set to orafed-custom An example would be:setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat("AcmeIdP", "orafed-emailaddress") Exit the WLST environment:exit() Test In this test, OIF/SP is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 IdP Partner, with the OOTB configuration. Based on this setup, when OIF/SP starts a Federation SSO flow, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> After the changes performed either via the OAM Administration Console or via the OIF WLST setIdPPartnerNameIDFormat() command where Email Address would be requested as the NameID Format, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ForceAuthn="false" IsPassive="false" ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:NameIDPolicy Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress" AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> Protocol Binding The SAML 2.0 specifications define a way for the SP to request which binding should be used by the IdP to redirect the user to the SP with the SAML 2.0 Assertion: the ProtocolBinding attribute indicates the binding the IdP should use. It is set to: Either urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST for HTTP-POST Or urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:Artifact for Artifact The SAML 2.0 specifications also define different ways to redirect the user from the SP to the IdP with the SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest message, as the SP can send the message: Either via HTTP Redirect Or HTTP POST (Other bindings can theoretically be used such as Artifact, but these are not used in practice) Configuring OIF OIF can be configured: Via the OAM Administration Console or the OIF WLST configureSAMLBinding() command to set the Assertion Response binding to be used Via the OIF WLST configureSAMLBinding() command to indicate how the SAML AuthnRequest message should be sent Note: the binding for sending the SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest message will also be used to send the SAML 2.0 LogoutRequest and LogoutResponse messages. OAM Administration Console To configure the SSO Response/Assertion Binding via the OAM Administration Console, perform the following steps: Go to the OAM Administration Console: http(s)://oam-admin-host:oam-admin-port/oamconsole Navigate to Identity Federation -> Service Provider Administration Open the IdP Partner you wish to modify Check the "HTTP POST SSO Response Binding" box to request the IdP to return the SSO Response via HTTP POST, otherwise uncheck it to request artifact Save WLST Command To configure the SSO Response/Assertion Binding as well as the AuthnRequest Binding via the OIF WLST configureSAMLBinding() command, perform the following steps: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the configureSAMLBinding() command:configureSAMLBinding("PARTNER", "PARTNER_TYPE", binding, ssoResponseBinding="httppost") Replace PARTNER with the Partner name Replace PARTNER_TYPE with the Partner type (idp or sp) Replace binding with the binding to be used to send the AuthnRequest and LogoutRequest/LogoutResponse messages (should be httpredirect in most case; default) httppost for HTTP-POST binding httpredirect for HTTP-Redirect binding Specify optionally ssoResponseBinding to indicate how the SSO Assertion should be sent back httppost for HTTP-POST binding artifactfor for Artifact binding An example would be:configureSAMLBinding("AcmeIdP", "idp", "httpredirect", ssoResponseBinding="httppost") Exit the WLST environment:exit() Test In this test, OIF/SP is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 IdP Partner, with the OOTB configuration which requests HTTP-POST from the IdP to send the SSO Assertion. Based on this setup, when OIF/SP starts a Federation SSO flow, the following SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest would be generated: <samlp:AuthnRequest ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" ID="id-E4BOT7lwbYK56lO57dBaqGUFq01WJSjAHiSR60Q4" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2014-04-01T21:39:14Z" Destination="https://acme.com/saml20/sso">   <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">https://sp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>   <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="true"/></samlp:AuthnRequest> In the next article, I will cover the various crypto configuration properties in OIF that are used to affect the Federation SSO exchanges.Cheers,Damien Carru

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  • I am getting a 400 Bad Request error when using Nginx and PHP-FPM, why?

    - by Bob
    I am trying to run a website (that requires PHP - it technically doesn't require MySQL at this time, but it may sometime in the near future as I continue developing it, so I went ahead and installed that as well) using nginx 1.2.4 and PHP-FPM 5.3.3 on Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS. As far as I know, I haven't done anything wrong, but clearly something is not quite right - I seem to be getting a 400 Bad Request error whenever I try to browse to my website. I've been mostly following one guide, and I've done more or less everything it recommends, except for not setting up PHP-FPM to use a Unix Socket and I used service as opposed to /etc/init.d/ when starting/stopping nginx, PHP, and MySQL. Anyways, here are my relevant configuration files (I have only censored personal/sensitive details, like my domain name - which contains my real name): /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 15; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/subdomain.mydomain.net server { listen 80; # listen for IPv4 listen [::]:80; # listen for IPv6 server_name www.subdomain.mydomain.net subdomain.mydomain.net; access_log /srv/www/subdomain.mydomain.net/logs/access.log; error_log /srv/www/subdomain.mydomain.net/logs/error.log; location / { root /srv/www/subdomain.mydomain.net/public; index index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =400; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/www/subdomain.mydomain.net/public$fastcgi_script_name; } } All the directories listed in the configuration files above are correct on my server (to the extent of my knowledge). I have not included /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf or /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini in this post as they're rather long, but I have posted them on Pastebin: http://pastebin.com/ensErJD8 and http://pastebin.com/T23dt7vM, respectively. Although, the only thing I've changed in either of the two files was in php.ini, where I set expose_php to off so as to hide the .php file extension from users. What can I do to resolve my issue? Please let me know if I need to supply any additional details.

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  • Authenticating clients in the new WCF Http stack

    - by cibrax
    About this time last year, I wrote a couple of posts about how to use the “Interceptors” from the REST starker kit for implementing several authentication mechanisms like “SAML”, “Basic Authentication” or “OAuth” in the WCF Web programming model. The things have changed a lot since then, and Glenn finally put on our hands a new version of the Web programming model that deserves some attention and I believe will help us a lot to build more Http oriented services in the .NET stack. What you can get today from wcf.codeplex.com is a preview with some cool features like Http Processors (which I already discussed here), a new and improved version of the HttpClient library, Dependency injection and better TDD support among others. However, the framework still does not support an standard way of doing client authentication on the services (This is something planned for the upcoming releases I believe). For that reason, moving the existing authentication interceptors to this new programming model was one of the things I did in the last few days. In order to make authentication simple and easy to extend,  I first came up with a model based on what I called “Authentication Interceptors”. An authentication interceptor maps to an existing Http authentication mechanism and implements the following interface, public interface IAuthenticationInterceptor{ string Scheme { get; } bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal);} An authentication interceptors basically needs to returns the http authentication schema that implements in the property “Scheme”, and implements the authentication mechanism in the method “DoAuthentication”. As you can see, this last method “DoAuthentication” only relies on the HttpRequestMessage and HttpResponseMessage classes, making the testing of this interceptor very simple (There is no need to do some black magic with the WCF context or messages). After this, I implemented a couple of interceptors for supporting basic authentication and brokered authentication with SAML (using WIF) in my services. The following code illustrates how the basic authentication interceptors looks like. public class BasicAuthenticationInterceptor : IAuthenticationInterceptor{ Func<UsernameAndPassword, bool> userValidation; string realm;  public BasicAuthenticationInterceptor(Func<UsernameAndPassword, bool> userValidation, string realm) { if (userValidation == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("userValidation");  if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(realm)) throw new ArgumentNullException("realm");  this.userValidation = userValidation; this.realm = realm; }  public string Scheme { get { return "Basic"; } }  public bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal) { string[] credentials = ExtractCredentials(request); if (credentials.Length == 0 || !AuthenticateUser(credentials[0], credentials[1])) { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized; response.Content = new StringContent("Access denied"); response.Headers.WwwAuthenticate.Add(new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", "realm=" + this.realm));  principal = null;  return false; } else { principal = new GenericPrincipal(new GenericIdentity(credentials[0]), new string[] {});  return true; } }  private string[] ExtractCredentials(HttpRequestMessage request) { if (request.Headers.Authorization != null && request.Headers.Authorization.Scheme.StartsWith("Basic")) { string encodedUserPass = request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter.Trim();  Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"); string userPass = encoding.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedUserPass)); int separator = userPass.IndexOf(':');  string[] credentials = new string[2]; credentials[0] = userPass.Substring(0, separator); credentials[1] = userPass.Substring(separator + 1);  return credentials; }  return new string[] { }; }  private bool AuthenticateUser(string username, string password) { var usernameAndPassword = new UsernameAndPassword { Username = username, Password = password };  if (this.userValidation(usernameAndPassword)) { return true; }  return false; }} This interceptor receives in the constructor a callback in the form of a Func delegate for authenticating the user and the “realm”, which is required as part of the implementation. The rest is a general implementation of the basic authentication mechanism using standard http request and response messages. I also implemented another interceptor for authenticating a SAML token with WIF. public class SamlAuthenticationInterceptor : IAuthenticationInterceptor{ SecurityTokenHandlerCollection handlers = null;  public SamlAuthenticationInterceptor(SecurityTokenHandlerCollection handlers) { if (handlers == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("handlers");  this.handlers = handlers; }  public string Scheme { get { return "saml"; } }  public bool DoAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, out IPrincipal principal) { SecurityToken token = ExtractCredentials(request);  if (token != null) { ClaimsIdentityCollection claims = handlers.ValidateToken(token);  principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claims);  return true; } else { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized; response.Content = new StringContent("Access denied");  principal = null;  return false; } }  private SecurityToken ExtractCredentials(HttpRequestMessage request) { if (request.Headers.Authorization != null && request.Headers.Authorization.Scheme == "saml") { XmlTextReader xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));  var col = SecurityTokenHandlerCollection.CreateDefaultSecurityTokenHandlerCollection(); SecurityToken token = col.ReadToken(xmlReader);  return token; }  return null; }}This implementation receives a “SecurityTokenHandlerCollection” instance as part of the constructor. This class is part of WIF, and basically represents a collection of token managers to know how to handle specific xml authentication tokens (SAML is one of them). I also created a set of extension methods for injecting these interceptors as part of a service route when the service is initialized. var basicAuthentication = new BasicAuthenticationInterceptor((u) => true, "ContactManager");var samlAuthentication = new SamlAuthenticationInterceptor(serviceConfiguration.SecurityTokenHandlers); // use MEF for providing instancesvar catalog = new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(Global).Assembly);var container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);var configuration = new ContactManagerConfiguration(container); RouteTable.Routes.AddServiceRoute<ContactResource>("contact", configuration, basicAuthentication, samlAuthentication);RouteTable.Routes.AddServiceRoute<ContactsResource>("contacts", configuration, basicAuthentication, samlAuthentication); In the code above, I am injecting the basic authentication and saml authentication interceptors in the “contact” and “contacts” resource implementations that come as samples in the code preview. I will use another post to discuss more in detail how the brokered authentication with SAML model works with this new WCF Http bits. The code is available to download in this location.

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  • Preserving case in HTTP headers with Ruby's Net:HTTP

    - by emh
    Although the HTTP spec says that headers are case insensitive; Paypal, with their new adaptive payments API require their headers to be case-sensitive. Using the paypal adaptive payments extension for ActiveMerchant (http://github.com/lamp/paypal_adaptive_gateway) it seems that although the headers are set in all caps, they are sent in mixed case. Here is the code that sends the HTTP request: headers = { "X-PAYPAL-REQUEST-DATA-FORMAT" => "XML", "X-PAYPAL-RESPONSE-DATA-FORMAT" => "JSON", "X-PAYPAL-SECURITY-USERID" => @config[:login], "X-PAYPAL-SECURITY-PASSWORD" => @config[:password], "X-PAYPAL-SECURITY-SIGNATURE" => @config[:signature], "X-PAYPAL-APPLICATION-ID" => @config[:appid] } build_url action request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(@url.path) request.body = @xml headers.each_pair { |k,v| request[k] = v } request.content_type = 'text/xml' proxy = Net::HTTP::Proxy("127.0.0.1", "60723") server = proxy.new(@url.host, 443) server.use_ssl = true server.start { |http| http.request(request) }.body (i added the proxy line so i could see what was going on with Charles - http://www.charlesproxy.com/) When I look at the request headers in charles, this is what i see: X-Paypal-Application-Id ... X-Paypal-Security-Password... X-Paypal-Security-Signature ... X-Paypal-Security-Userid ... X-Paypal-Request-Data-Format XML X-Paypal-Response-Data-Format JSON Accept */* Content-Type text/xml Content-Length 522 Host svcs.sandbox.paypal.com I verified that it is not Charles doing the case conversion by running a similar request using curl. In that test the case was preserved.

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  • How to get correct Set-Cookie headers for NSHTTPURLResponse?

    - by overboming
    I want to use the following code to login to a website which returns its cookie information in the following manner: Set-Cookie: 19231234 Set-Cookie: u2am1342340 Set-Cookie: owwjera I'm using the following code to log in to the site, but the print statement at the end doesn't output anything about "set-cookie". On Snow leopard, the library seems to automatically pick up the cookie for this site and later connections sent out is set with correct "cookie" headers. But on leopard, it doesn't work that way, so is that a trigger for this "remember the cookie for certain root url" behavior? NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init] autorelease]; [request setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:uurl]]; [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; [request setValue:postLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"]; [request setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; [request setValue:@"keep-live" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Connection"]; [request setValue:@"300" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Keep-Alive"]; [request setHTTPShouldHandleCookies:YES]; [request setHTTPBody:postData]; [request setTimeoutInterval:10.0]; NSData *urlData; NSHTTPURLResponse *response; NSError *error; urlData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&response error:&error]; NSLog(@"response dictionary %@",[response allHeaderFields]);

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  • Blockchain API, AJAX request has stopped working, CORS issues?

    - by Sly
    I've been playing with the multiple address look up API from blockchain info (documented here https://blockchain.info/api/blockchain_api), I had my code working earlier in the day but bizzarely it's stopped. The purpose of it is to eventually write a little JQuery library which will search the DOM for bitcoin addresses as data attributes and then insert the final balance into that element creating a polling mechanism to keep the page updated as well. The original problem I ran into earlier while developing it was because it's a CORS ajax request but later I adjusted the query per the blockchain info API documents and I added cors=true it then seemed to work fine but now it doesn't seem to want to work at all again. I don't get how changing computers would effect this kind of request. Here's my code on JSFiddle, http://jsfiddle.net/SlyFoxy12/9mr7L/7/ My primary code is: (function ($) { var methods = { init: function(data, options) { //put your init logic here. }, query_addresses: function(addresses) { var addresses_implode = addresses.join("|"); $.getJSON("http://blockchain.info/multiaddr?cors=true&active="+addresses_implode, function( data ) { $.each( data.addresses, function( index ) { $('#output').append(" "+data.addresses[index].final_balance); }); }); } }; $.fn.bitstrap = function () { var addresses = new Array(); $('[data-xbt-address]').each(function () { $(this).text($(this).data('xbtAddress')); addresses.push($(this).data('xbtAddress')); }); methods.query_addresses(addresses); } }(jQuery)); $().ready(function() { $().bitstrap(); });

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  • HttpRequest.BeginWebRequest not executing asynchronously

    - by Shawn Simon
    I have the following code: Private Function CreateRequest() As HttpWebRequest Dim request As HttpWebRequest = HttpWebRequest.Create(_url) request.Method = "POST" request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" Dim postData As String = String.Join("&", GetPostData().Select(Function(s) String.Format("{0}={1}", s.Key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(s.Value))).ToArray) Dim data As Byte() = (New ASCIIEncoding).GetBytes(postData) request.Timeout = _maxTimeoutSeconds * 1000 Dim stream = request.GetRequestStream stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length) stream.Close() Return request End Function Public Sub SendAsync(ByVal callback As Action(Of ResponseBase)) Dim request = CreateRequest() _attemptCount += 1 Dim reqID As Integer If _loggingContext IsNot Nothing Then Try reqID = Log.NotesRequest(_url.ToString, GetPostData, _loggingContext) Catch ex As Exception ErrorTracker.LogError(ex) End Try End If Dim responseState As New ResponseState responseState.LoggedNotesRequestID = reqID responseState.Request = request responseState.Callback = callback Dim response = request.BeginGetResponse(New AsyncCallback(AddressOf RespCallback), responseState) End Sub Private Sub RespCallback(ByVal ar As IAsyncResult) Dim responseState As ResponseState = CType(ar.AsyncState, ResponseState) ' Process response... I set up the request to go to a mock server which sleeps for 30 seconds. When I call BeginGetResponse, the application just waits at that line of code for the response. I want it to carry on with the app, and then just run the callback whenever it finishes. This code is run from a web page, and my callback just logs the response and sends an email. I don't want to use to have to wait for the response.

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  • FancyURLOpener failing since moving to python 3.1.2

    - by Andrew Shepherd
    I had an application that was downloading a .CSV file from a password-protected website then processing it futher. I was using FancyURLOpener, and simply hardcoding the username and password. (Obviously, security is not a high priority in this particular instance). Since downloading Python 3.1.2, this code has stopped working. Does anyone know of the changes that have happened to the implementation? Here is a cut down version of the code: import urllib.request; class TracOpener (urllib.request.FancyURLopener) : def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm) : return ('andrew_ee', '_my_unenctryped_password') csvUrl='http://mysite/report/19?format=csv@USER=fred_nukre' opener = TracOpener(); f = opener.open(csvUrl); s = f.read(); f.close(); s; For the sake of completeness, here's the entire call stack: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\reporting\download_csv_file.py", line 12, in <module> f = opener.open(csvUrl); File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1454, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1628, in open_http return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1624, in _open_generic_http response.status, response.reason, response.msg, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1640, in http_error result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1878, in http_error_401 return getattr(self,name)(url, realm) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1950, in retry_http_basic_auth return self.open(newurl) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1454, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1628, in open_http return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data) File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1590, in _open_generic_http auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd).strip() File "C:\Program Files\Python31\lib\base64.py", line 56, in b64encode raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__) TypeError: expected bytes, not str

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