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• Most secure way to have IPtables auto-loaded using Debian / Linux

  - by networkIT

  I'd like to know the safest way to load iptables using Debian. Of course, I can use a script that uses iptables-restore : #!/bin/sh iptables-restore < /etc/firewall.conf but : 1) where is the safest place to have it loaded ? /etc/network/if-up.d ? I'm concerned about the script being loaded early enough at boot time, and reliably enough when plugging/unplugging interfaces ... 2) is this script method using iptables-restore the most secure way ? 3) additionnally, how much does the answer validity stretch to other Linux distros ( Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS ) ? Thanks ^^

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• Any way to release focus on a KVM guest in virt-manager without having to click Ctrl_L + Alt_L?

  - by slm

  Is there a way to move my mouse in and out of a KVM guest in virt-manager without having to click to gain focus of the window and release focus by pressing Ctrl_L + Alt_L? EDIT #1 The guest VM is Win2008R2. I've tried this on a CentOS 5, 6, and Fedora 14 box running various versions of virt-manager and KVM and they all exhibit this behavior. EDIT #2 I just tried the solution recommended by @tpow and that appears to be the issue. Manually adding a tablet input device resolves the problem and I can now move the mouse in and out of the KVM guest without having to gain focus first.

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• create symlink to another machine

  - by microchasm

  Hi, I have 2 machines. Both running CentOS. Box1 is webserver with apache, php. Box2 is mysql, and file storage. The files will only be accessible from Box1 within the webapp. I'd like to somehow create a symlink or somesuch on box1 to a folder on box2 where uploaded files can be stored and retrieved. Security in mind, what would be the best way to go about linking these 2 boxes up in a transparent (to apache) way? NB: the boxes are connected directly to each other via a crossover cable; no lan access to box2. Much thanks!

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• Critical (Unixlike) Distros for Sysadmin Hopefuls to Have Experience With

  - by Interwebs

  Hi All, I'm trying to learn to be a Unix/Linux Sysadmin, and am hoping to get some hands-on experience by setting up a few installs (VMs, old comps, and the like) at home and practicing administering them. I was wondering, in the experience of those on this site, which distros are critical to be comfortable with. Obviously, to a certain extent, they're all similar, but there are substantial enough differences between administering, say, Debian, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, and CentOS. So, which distros are most important to practice with in your opinion? Which have had most demand/come up most often in actual work situations? Thanks!

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• Odd FTP ASCII/BINARY transfer behavior after migrating to a new server

  - by Incognita Mundi

  I recently got a dedicated server and after migration to the new machine I started noticing problems with file transfers. My FTP client, despite being set to auto, keeps uploading php files in binary mode and the content of those files is messed up. Since I mostly upload files of different kinds it would be annoying to change from binary to ASCII every single time, beside, I never had such problems. What could be the cause of this behavior? My dedicated server runs CENTOS 6.4 and the ftp server is Pure-FTPd. I tried different FTP clients and they all have the same problem so I assume is soem misconfiguration on the server side. Thanks

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• not able to upload files into mediawiki -- weird one

  - by Michael

  Completely frustrating me. When I try and upload a small jpeg file I get the following error: Warning: wfMkdirParents: failed to mkdir "/usr/local/mediawiki-1.20.5/images/5/5d" mode 0777 in /usr/local/mediawiki-1.20.5/includes/GlobalFunctions.php on line 2546 CentOS 6.4 MediaWiki 1.20.5 PHP 5.5.0RC1 (apache2handler) MySQL 5.5.31 php.ini safe_mode = off; file_uploads = On max_file_uploads = 20 localsettings.php $wgEnableUploads = true; $wgUseImageMagick = true; $wgImageMagickConvertCommand = "/usr/bin/convert"; images folder chown apache:apache images/ chmod 755 -R images/ (threw error) chmod 777 -R images/ (threw error) I've restart apache and still cannot upload. I'm stumped. Any ideas?

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• Creating ip alias on bonded interface ie. bond0:1

  - by bobothechimp

  System: HP Proliant DL360 G5 running CentOS 5.4 Bonded interface is working fine for a long time. I just went to add an alias the way I always have on a regular interface, and on first check it works (pinging on the local box) but it is not accessable from outside (iptables is turned off). In addition with this setup the normal network response started to decline, hanging for around a minute before I could get a prompt on login. Here are my config files: [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100" BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.11 USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0:1 DEVICE=bond0:1 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.12 USERCTL=no any thoughts?

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• Get the MAC addresses of all the machines connected to a LAN when NO machines have got an IP address yet

  - by JtheRocker

  Here is the real scenario. I have say 4 machines not having any IP address yet connected to a switch. In one of the machines (OS=CentOS), I would install a DHCP server and would provide the other machines IP addresses. Prior to assigning them IP addresses, I need to get the MAC address of each of the machines that I would assign IP addresses to. So, my question here is how to I get the MAC addresses of all the machines connected to a switch when NO machine has got any IP address yet? It's mandatory for my use case that I won't be having any IP addresses before the MAC addresses. -Thanks

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• Backup Solr home

  - by user226188

  I'm new to Solr: I've successfully installed Tomcat and Solr 4.3.1 webapp, and two collections on a CentOS 6.4 machine. Now, my server is in production and I need to make backups of solr. So, I would like to know what is the best way to backup solr... For the moment I'm dooing: stop tomcat = tar of my solr home = start tomcat, but I've read that is not a good solution? Moreover, this implie to stop all the tomcat which have other webapps than solr. I've also heard that there is a script named "backup" in solr home bin's folder ? but my bin folder is empty :( I don't want to make an another slave server with replication, for me it's not a backup solution because my backup are supposed to be send to a bacula backup server all nights. There is no builtin solution that I can work around to make a script ? like a mysqldump for Mysql servers. Thanks for help !

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• What is the difference between yum, apt-get, rpm, ./configure && make install

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and am running CentOs. When I want to update or install certain software I came across three ways. Sometimes it's: yum install program rpm -i program.rpm wget program.tar.gz unpack ./configure make make install That last one is a real pain, esp when you come from windows where a program install is usually one click and then a nice guide. Now can someone please explain to me: Why are there so many different ways to do this? Which one do you recommend to use and why? Are there any other ways for installing programs?

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• Mailman aggregate mailing lists

  - by s1nny

  Using CENTOS 5.10, WHM, CpanelX I'm setting up mailing lists for my company (microsoft exchange costs too much for the number of users we have). So I've got a few mailing lists set up right now @Naples, @Cayman, @ACK, @Managers etc which are all set up and working nicely. Now I need to create an aggregate list, @Stores, which sends to other lists, in this case @Naples, @Cayman and @ACK and leaving out @Managers. I keep getting authorization requests from each store list when I send to @Stores but if I send to each store list individually its fine. I've got them all set up to "accept non member postings for which no explicit action is defined", as well as set "accept_these_nonmembers" to ^.*

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• Can I copy from vim to another window without +xterm-clipboard?

  - by GorillaSandwich

  I'm using Ubuntu and vim. I can copy text from vim and paste it into another window by highlighting it in vim, then middle-clicking in the other window. This works fine when I'm on my local machine. I can also copy into the system register by highlighting text and yanking to the system register. (For example, Shift-V JJ "+ y to go into linewise visual mode, highlight two lines, select the '+' register and yank.) It's then available to paste into other windows. However, if I ssh into my web host, I can't do either of these. (They use some flavor of Linux - I think it's CentOS.) In vim, if I type :version, my local version shows +xterm_clipboard, but the host's version shows -xterm_clipboard. I don't have sudo rights there. Is there any way to be able to copy from their vim without getting them to tinker with the installation?

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• Apache 2 Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible

  - by astropanic

  My apache server runs as user foo. I have some Rails applications in /home/foo/app1 /home/foo/app2. Each of them has an vhost <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName app1.foobar.com ServerAlias www.app1.foobar.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/app1/current/public RailsEnv production <Directory /var/www/html/app1/current/public> AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have a symlink in /var/www/html/app1 : current -> /home/foo/app1/tmp_20102611 All file permissons are set correctly (user foo group foo), I can go through the filesystem from shell. SELINUX is disabled Distro is CentOs 5.5 Which the above symlink I get an 403 and an error entry in error_log Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible:/var/www/html/app1/current When I symlink my app in the subdir of /var/www/html instead of /home/foo it works. How I can avoid this error still placing my app in my /home/foo directory ?

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• Setting up a domain with a dedicated server

  - by Andrew M

  I have a dedicated server with a bunch of stuff on it already. Basically, I am accessing it now with the free domain I got when I purchased the server (http://example.com/directory, etc). I also have a second domain I want to use with a specific subdirectory (http://exampletwo.com/ should basically work as if I were under http://example.com/two, but it should use the exampletwo domain. I would assume I would change the A record of the second domain to the IP of the server, but how do I make it work with a subdirectory? I have full DNS control of the second domain but it is purchased on from a different registrar than the dedicated server. EDIT: It is a CentOS 5 server running Plesk/Virtuozoo.

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• iptables: separate clients from each other

  - by Florian Lagg

  Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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• OSSIM - Snort/OSSEC/Nagios Logging Config Question

  - by user15736

  Quick n00b OSSIM question. I've looked around but haven't found exactly what I'm looking for. I currently have a Nagios, OSSEC, Nessus, and Snort server and I want to keep those servers active but just ship the logs to the OSSIM server and have it do the correlating and graphing. Can that be done? Everything I've seen is putting the various software functions actually on the OSSIM box but I don't want to do that. I'm running CentOS on all of the systems. Thanks.

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• Migrating to ssh key authentication; implications of adding sbin's to users $PATH

  - by ancillary

  I'm in the process of migrating to key's for authentication on my CentOS boxes. I have it all set up and working, but was a bit taken aback when I noticed service (and other things) didn't work the way I was accustomed to. Even after su'ing to root, still had to call the full path for it to work (which I assume to be expected/normal behavior). I also assume this is because there are different $PATH's for root (what I was using and am used to) and the newly created, key-using user. Specifically, I noticed the sbin's of the world missing from the user path. If I were to add those paths (/sbin/,/usr/sbin/,/usr/local/sbin) to a profile.d .sh script for this new key-loving user, would: I be opening up the system in ways I shouldn't be? I be doing something I needn't do save for reasons of laziness? I create other potential problems? Thanks.

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• Operating Systems supported by the Intel SR1435VP2 Server Platform?

  - by Xspence

  I recently had two Intel SR1435VP2 Servers (with SE7320VP2 server boards) donated to me from a colleague. Google hasn't yielded much more than user manuals when searching for OS-compatibility answers. I have worked with flavors of Linux such as Ubuntu and Debian, but Intel only documents that they have tested proprietary operating systems such as SuSE, Solaris and Red Hat as documented on their driver downloads page. Has anyone worked with these machines before, and if so, do you know if the SR1435VP2/E7320 chipset supports OS's such as CentOS, Debian or Ubuntu? If you need more information or clarification, let me know. This is all new for me. Thanks in advance.

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• Can the JVM(Oracle) run into an OutOfMemory error if the heap size is below the max?

  - by user439407

  I am running a Tomcat site(with an NGinx front end) that seems to be randomly running out of memory even though the max heap size is pretty large. My question is is it possible for the JVM to get an OutOfMemory error even if the heap size is significantly less than -Xmx? For instance, here is a snapshot I took just 15 seconds before an OutOfMemory error: Tue Dec 18 23:13:28 JST 2012 Free memory: 162.31 MB Total memory: 727.75 MB Max memory: 3808.00 MB I guess theoretically it's possible that my code generated 3 gigs worth of objects in 15 seconds, but I highly doubt it. It seems like the JVM was unable to grow the heap even though it theoretically had room....Is it possible that other processes started using memory to the point that the JVM could not grow? I am running 64-bit Oracle Hotspot on a 64 bit vm running CentOS 5 with 6 gigs of ram.

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• How do you pick what server setup you need?

  - by ed209

  I recently started receiving pubsub data feed from etsy. It averages around 250 notifications per minute. But obviously, when the USA wakes up that spikes quite heavily. I want to be able to deal with those spikes (about 3 per day) but the rest of day is fine. What's the best method of getting the right server configuration. My current approach is to keep upgrading until the server stops dying... next leap is: Processor: AMD Phenom II X6-1055T HEXA Core RAM: 4GB DDR2 SDRAM HD1: SATA Drive (7,200 rpm) (+500 GB 7200 RPM SATA hard drive) HD2: SATA Backup Drive (+500 GB SATA (7,200 rpm)) OS: Linux OS (+CentOS 5 64-bit) Bandwidth: 6000GB Monthly Transfer (3000 in + 3000 out) (+100M uplink port) What's the best approach to working out what sort of server setup you need?

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• Tcp window size won't go above 130048

  - by Roger

  I have 2 servers set up with about 80ms latency between them. Both are centos 6 and run a java app that transfers data from on location to another. Both are on 1gbps connections. I have been trying different sysctl settings and different send & receive buffer settings in java but no matter what I set them to, I cannot get the tcp window size to go above 130048 in the tcp dumps. This equates to roughly 13mbps which is the actual throughput I am getting.

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• Why does Exim puts emails on hold if there are frozen messages in the queue?

  - by user51932

  I've a CentOS with CPanel server working as a SMTP server, which currently uses 20 different hostnames and IP addresses to deliver email for an email newsletter service. However, it's extremely slow in sending emails. It's sending like 10 emails per minute, which I check by running the "exim -bpc" command. What could be affecting this? One thing I'm supposing, is that there are frozen messages in the queue, which are slowing down the sending until they're sent out, and are putting new messages on hold. What are the most common reasons a message can get frozen? Also, would it be more efficient to use 20 different small VPSs to send out email rather than use one large VPS with the 20 different hostnames and IPs in it?

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• How to Extending a logical volume in WMWare

  - by Mercer

  down vote favorite i have a CentOS 6.3 into my Virtual Machine. I have 2 Disk: Disk#1 = 18G Disk#2 = 20G [root@vm ~]# df -h Filesystem Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_root 1008M 250M 708M 27% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 31M 154M 17% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_home 504M 17M 462M 4% /home /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_opt 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /opt /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_grid 6.9G 2.5G 4.1G 38% /opt/grid /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_oracle 6.9G 144M 6.4G 3% /opt/oracle /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_tmp 2.8G 71M 2.6G 3% /tmp /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_usr 2.5G 1.6G 799M 67% /usr /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_var 2.0G 278M 1.6G 15% /var So i want to extend my /tmp and my /opt/oracle like this: 10Go in/tmp 13Go in /opt/oracle Thx.

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• Upgrading php, mysql, and apache

  - by Kevin

  I have been looking around and have not found a good answer to my question. I currently have php 5.3.3 installed via yum on my centos 6.3 server. I need to upgrade to php 5.10 or later. It is my understanding that you need to find the correct mysql and apache packages that fit with the php install. Can someone please point me in the direction of a an update guide? Btw I am not looking for "yum update httpd php5" this gets me the old 5.3.3 version. Thanks, Kevin.

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• Don't run cron job if already running

  - by webnoob

  Hi All, I know this question has been asked already but I either didn't understand the answer or it didn't apply to me. I have a php script that I am calling every 1 minute using CPanel to set up the Cron Job. The nature of the script means that it could overrun for just over the minute so I need to know how to stop the next one running if the first one hasn't completed. I have a VPS running CENTOS 5.5 and have access to WHM and CPanel. I have never used Linux before (only just got the server yesterday) so I have no idea what I am doing and would appreciate some help if possible. If I need to provide more information please let me know (I don't know what info you would need at the moment). Thanks.

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