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• Critical (Unixlike) Distros for Sysadmin Hopefuls to Have Experience With

  - by Interwebs

  Hi All, I'm trying to learn to be a Unix/Linux Sysadmin, and am hoping to get some hands-on experience by setting up a few installs (VMs, old comps, and the like) at home and practicing administering them. I was wondering, in the experience of those on this site, which distros are critical to be comfortable with. Obviously, to a certain extent, they're all similar, but there are substantial enough differences between administering, say, Debian, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, and CentOS. So, which distros are most important to practice with in your opinion? Which have had most demand/come up most often in actual work situations? Thanks!

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• Odd FTP ASCII/BINARY transfer behavior after migrating to a new server

  - by Incognita Mundi

  I recently got a dedicated server and after migration to the new machine I started noticing problems with file transfers. My FTP client, despite being set to auto, keeps uploading php files in binary mode and the content of those files is messed up. Since I mostly upload files of different kinds it would be annoying to change from binary to ASCII every single time, beside, I never had such problems. What could be the cause of this behavior? My dedicated server runs CENTOS 6.4 and the ftp server is Pure-FTPd. I tried different FTP clients and they all have the same problem so I assume is soem misconfiguration on the server side. Thanks

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• Backup Solr home

  - by user226188

  I'm new to Solr: I've successfully installed Tomcat and Solr 4.3.1 webapp, and two collections on a CentOS 6.4 machine. Now, my server is in production and I need to make backups of solr. So, I would like to know what is the best way to backup solr... For the moment I'm dooing: stop tomcat = tar of my solr home = start tomcat, but I've read that is not a good solution? Moreover, this implie to stop all the tomcat which have other webapps than solr. I've also heard that there is a script named "backup" in solr home bin's folder ? but my bin folder is empty :( I don't want to make an another slave server with replication, for me it's not a backup solution because my backup are supposed to be send to a bacula backup server all nights. There is no builtin solution that I can work around to make a script ? like a mysqldump for Mysql servers. Thanks for help !

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• LXC Container Networking

  - by digitaladdictions

  I just started to experiment with LXC containers. I was able to create a container and start it up but I cannot get dhcp to assign the container an IP address. If I assign a static address the container can ping the host IP but not outside the host IP. The host is CentOS 6.5 and the guest is Ubuntu 14.04LTS. I used the template downloaded by lxc-create -t download -n cn-01 command. If I am trying to get an IP address on the same subnet as the host I don't believe I should need the IP tables rule for masquerading but I added it anyways. Same with IP forwarding. I compiled LXC by hand from the following source https://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.0.4.tar.gz Host Operating System Version #> cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) #> uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jun 19 21:14:45 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Container Config #> cat /usr/local/var/lib/lxc/cn-01/config # Template used to create this container: /usr/local/share/lxc/templates/lxc-download # Parameters passed to the template: # For additional config options, please look at lxc.container.conf(5) # Distribution configuration lxc.include = /usr/local/share/lxc/config/ubuntu.common.conf lxc.arch = x86_64 # Container specific configuration lxc.rootfs = /usr/local/var/lib/lxc/cn-01/rootfs lxc.utsname = cn-01 # Network configuration lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 LXC default.confu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:f #> cat /usr/local/etc/lxc/default.conf lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.flags = up #> lxc-checkconfig Kernel configuration not found at /proc/config.gz; searching... Kernel configuration found at /boot/config-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64 --- Namespaces --- Namespaces: enabled Utsname namespace: enabled Ipc namespace: enabled Pid namespace: enabled User namespace: enabled Network namespace: enabled Multiple /dev/pts instances: enabled --- Control groups --- Cgroup: enabled Cgroup namespace: enabled Cgroup device: enabled Cgroup sched: enabled Cgroup cpu account: enabled Cgroup memory controller: /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig: line 103: [: too many arguments enabled Cgroup cpuset: enabled --- Misc --- Veth pair device: enabled Macvlan: enabled Vlan: enabled File capabilities: /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig: line 118: [: -gt: unary operator expected Note : Before booting a new kernel, you can check its configuration usage : CONFIG=/path/to/config /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig Network Config (HOST) #> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes #> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no BRIDGE=br0 #> cat /etc/networks default 0.0.0.0 loopback 127.0.0.0 link-local 169.254.0.0 #> ip a s 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:30f2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: pan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 42:7e:43:b3:61:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.60.70.121/24 brd 10.60.70.255 scope global br0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:30f2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: vethT6BGL2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether fe:a1:69:af:50:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::fca1:69ff:feaf:5017/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #> brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c291230f2 no eth0 vethT6BGL2 pan0 8000.000000000000 no #> cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Fri Jul 11 15:11:36 2014 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [34:6287] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Fri Jul 11 15:11:36 2014 Network Config (Container) #> cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #> ip a s 11: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 02:69:fb:42:ee:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::69:fbff:fe42:eed7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 13: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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• Creating ip alias on bonded interface ie. bond0:1

  - by bobothechimp

  System: HP Proliant DL360 G5 running CentOS 5.4 Bonded interface is working fine for a long time. I just went to add an alias the way I always have on a regular interface, and on first check it works (pinging on the local box) but it is not accessable from outside (iptables is turned off). In addition with this setup the normal network response started to decline, hanging for around a minute before I could get a prompt on login. Here are my config files: [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100" BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.11 USERCTL=no [root network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0:1 DEVICE=bond0:1 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes NETWORK=10.2.1.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.2.1.12 USERCTL=no any thoughts?

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• Get the MAC addresses of all the machines connected to a LAN when NO machines have got an IP address yet

  - by JtheRocker

  Here is the real scenario. I have say 4 machines not having any IP address yet connected to a switch. In one of the machines (OS=CentOS), I would install a DHCP server and would provide the other machines IP addresses. Prior to assigning them IP addresses, I need to get the MAC address of each of the machines that I would assign IP addresses to. So, my question here is how to I get the MAC addresses of all the machines connected to a switch when NO machine has got any IP address yet? It's mandatory for my use case that I won't be having any IP addresses before the MAC addresses. -Thanks

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• How to make a non-root user to use chown for any user group files?

  - by user1877716

  I would like to make a user super powerful, with almost all root rights but unable to touch a the root user (to change the password of the root). My goal is to user "B" to manage my web server. The problem is user B need to able to run the chown and chmod commands on some files belonging to other users. I tried to put B in root group or use visudo, but it's not enough. I'm working an Centos 6 system. If some body have ideas!

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• not able to upload files into mediawiki -- weird one

  - by Michael

  Completely frustrating me. When I try and upload a small jpeg file I get the following error: Warning: wfMkdirParents: failed to mkdir "/usr/local/mediawiki-1.20.5/images/5/5d" mode 0777 in /usr/local/mediawiki-1.20.5/includes/GlobalFunctions.php on line 2546 CentOS 6.4 MediaWiki 1.20.5 PHP 5.5.0RC1 (apache2handler) MySQL 5.5.31 php.ini safe_mode = off; file_uploads = On max_file_uploads = 20 localsettings.php $wgEnableUploads = true; $wgUseImageMagick = true; $wgImageMagickConvertCommand = "/usr/bin/convert"; images folder chown apache:apache images/ chmod 755 -R images/ (threw error) chmod 777 -R images/ (threw error) I've restart apache and still cannot upload. I'm stumped. Any ideas?

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• Most secure way to have IPtables auto-loaded using Debian / Linux

  - by networkIT

  I'd like to know the safest way to load iptables using Debian. Of course, I can use a script that uses iptables-restore : #!/bin/sh iptables-restore < /etc/firewall.conf but : 1) where is the safest place to have it loaded ? /etc/network/if-up.d ? I'm concerned about the script being loaded early enough at boot time, and reliably enough when plugging/unplugging interfaces ... 2) is this script method using iptables-restore the most secure way ? 3) additionnally, how much does the answer validity stretch to other Linux distros ( Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS ) ? Thanks ^^

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• Mailman aggregate mailing lists

  - by s1nny

  Using CENTOS 5.10, WHM, CpanelX I'm setting up mailing lists for my company (microsoft exchange costs too much for the number of users we have). So I've got a few mailing lists set up right now @Naples, @Cayman, @ACK, @Managers etc which are all set up and working nicely. Now I need to create an aggregate list, @Stores, which sends to other lists, in this case @Naples, @Cayman and @ACK and leaving out @Managers. I keep getting authorization requests from each store list when I send to @Stores but if I send to each store list individually its fine. I've got them all set up to "accept non member postings for which no explicit action is defined", as well as set "accept_these_nonmembers" to ^.*

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• Setting up a domain with a dedicated server

  - by Andrew M

  I have a dedicated server with a bunch of stuff on it already. Basically, I am accessing it now with the free domain I got when I purchased the server (http://example.com/directory, etc). I also have a second domain I want to use with a specific subdirectory (http://exampletwo.com/ should basically work as if I were under http://example.com/two, but it should use the exampletwo domain. I would assume I would change the A record of the second domain to the IP of the server, but how do I make it work with a subdirectory? I have full DNS control of the second domain but it is purchased on from a different registrar than the dedicated server. EDIT: It is a CentOS 5 server running Plesk/Virtuozoo.

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• What is the difference between yum, apt-get, rpm, ./configure && make install

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and am running CentOs. When I want to update or install certain software I came across three ways. Sometimes it's: yum install program rpm -i program.rpm wget program.tar.gz unpack ./configure make make install That last one is a real pain, esp when you come from windows where a program install is usually one click and then a nice guide. Now can someone please explain to me: Why are there so many different ways to do this? Which one do you recommend to use and why? Are there any other ways for installing programs?

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• Apache 2 Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible

  - by astropanic

  My apache server runs as user foo. I have some Rails applications in /home/foo/app1 /home/foo/app2. Each of them has an vhost <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName app1.foobar.com ServerAlias www.app1.foobar.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/app1/current/public RailsEnv production <Directory /var/www/html/app1/current/public> AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have a symlink in /var/www/html/app1 : current -> /home/foo/app1/tmp_20102611 All file permissons are set correctly (user foo group foo), I can go through the filesystem from shell. SELINUX is disabled Distro is CentOs 5.5 Which the above symlink I get an 403 and an error entry in error_log Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible:/var/www/html/app1/current When I symlink my app in the subdir of /var/www/html instead of /home/foo it works. How I can avoid this error still placing my app in my /home/foo directory ?

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• OSSIM - Snort/OSSEC/Nagios Logging Config Question

  - by user15736

  Quick n00b OSSIM question. I've looked around but haven't found exactly what I'm looking for. I currently have a Nagios, OSSEC, Nessus, and Snort server and I want to keep those servers active but just ship the logs to the OSSIM server and have it do the correlating and graphing. Can that be done? Everything I've seen is putting the various software functions actually on the OSSIM box but I don't want to do that. I'm running CentOS on all of the systems. Thanks.

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• Tcp window size won't go above 130048

  - by Roger

  I have 2 servers set up with about 80ms latency between them. Both are centos 6 and run a java app that transfers data from on location to another. Both are on 1gbps connections. I have been trying different sysctl settings and different send & receive buffer settings in java but no matter what I set them to, I cannot get the tcp window size to go above 130048 in the tcp dumps. This equates to roughly 13mbps which is the actual throughput I am getting.

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• Operating Systems supported by the Intel SR1435VP2 Server Platform?

  - by Xspence

  I recently had two Intel SR1435VP2 Servers (with SE7320VP2 server boards) donated to me from a colleague. Google hasn't yielded much more than user manuals when searching for OS-compatibility answers. I have worked with flavors of Linux such as Ubuntu and Debian, but Intel only documents that they have tested proprietary operating systems such as SuSE, Solaris and Red Hat as documented on their driver downloads page. Has anyone worked with these machines before, and if so, do you know if the SR1435VP2/E7320 chipset supports OS's such as CentOS, Debian or Ubuntu? If you need more information or clarification, let me know. This is all new for me. Thanks in advance.

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• How do you pick what server setup you need?

  - by ed209

  I recently started receiving pubsub data feed from etsy. It averages around 250 notifications per minute. But obviously, when the USA wakes up that spikes quite heavily. I want to be able to deal with those spikes (about 3 per day) but the rest of day is fine. What's the best method of getting the right server configuration. My current approach is to keep upgrading until the server stops dying... next leap is: Processor: AMD Phenom II X6-1055T HEXA Core RAM: 4GB DDR2 SDRAM HD1: SATA Drive (7,200 rpm) (+500 GB 7200 RPM SATA hard drive) HD2: SATA Backup Drive (+500 GB SATA (7,200 rpm)) OS: Linux OS (+CentOS 5 64-bit) Bandwidth: 6000GB Monthly Transfer (3000 in + 3000 out) (+100M uplink port) What's the best approach to working out what sort of server setup you need?

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• iptables: separate clients from each other

  - by Florian Lagg

  Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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• Migrating to ssh key authentication; implications of adding sbin's to users $PATH

  - by ancillary

  I'm in the process of migrating to key's for authentication on my CentOS boxes. I have it all set up and working, but was a bit taken aback when I noticed service (and other things) didn't work the way I was accustomed to. Even after su'ing to root, still had to call the full path for it to work (which I assume to be expected/normal behavior). I also assume this is because there are different $PATH's for root (what I was using and am used to) and the newly created, key-using user. Specifically, I noticed the sbin's of the world missing from the user path. If I were to add those paths (/sbin/,/usr/sbin/,/usr/local/sbin) to a profile.d .sh script for this new key-loving user, would: I be opening up the system in ways I shouldn't be? I be doing something I needn't do save for reasons of laziness? I create other potential problems? Thanks.

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• Can the JVM(Oracle) run into an OutOfMemory error if the heap size is below the max?

  - by user439407

  I am running a Tomcat site(with an NGinx front end) that seems to be randomly running out of memory even though the max heap size is pretty large. My question is is it possible for the JVM to get an OutOfMemory error even if the heap size is significantly less than -Xmx? For instance, here is a snapshot I took just 15 seconds before an OutOfMemory error: Tue Dec 18 23:13:28 JST 2012 Free memory: 162.31 MB Total memory: 727.75 MB Max memory: 3808.00 MB I guess theoretically it's possible that my code generated 3 gigs worth of objects in 15 seconds, but I highly doubt it. It seems like the JVM was unable to grow the heap even though it theoretically had room....Is it possible that other processes started using memory to the point that the JVM could not grow? I am running 64-bit Oracle Hotspot on a 64 bit vm running CentOS 5 with 6 gigs of ram.

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• How to Extending a logical volume in WMWare

  - by Mercer

  down vote favorite i have a CentOS 6.3 into my Virtual Machine. I have 2 Disk: Disk#1 = 18G Disk#2 = 20G [root@vm ~]# df -h Filesystem Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_root 1008M 250M 708M 27% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 31M 154M 17% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_home 504M 17M 462M 4% /home /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_opt 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /opt /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_grid 6.9G 2.5G 4.1G 38% /opt/grid /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_oracle 6.9G 144M 6.4G 3% /opt/oracle /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_tmp 2.8G 71M 2.6G 3% /tmp /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_usr 2.5G 1.6G 799M 67% /usr /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_var 2.0G 278M 1.6G 15% /var So i want to extend my /tmp and my /opt/oracle like this: 10Go in/tmp 13Go in /opt/oracle Thx.

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• Nagios and rrd on a old server

  - by Pier

  I have an old server (P4 based) on which nagios (and all the other tools to monitor) is running. In the last few weeks we are seeing a strange behavior. In the /var/spool/pnp4nagios (where temporary files are stored before getting processed by pnp4nagios daemon) we have many files like perfdata.1274949941-PID-18839 and we get an error in npcd.log: [05-27-2010 11:17:46] NPCD: ThreadCounter 0/15 File is perfdata.1274951306-PID-27849 [05-27-2010 11:17:46] NPCD: File 'perfdata.1274951306-PID-27849' is an already in process PNP file. Leaving it untouched. Sometimes some graph are not drawn. The server is pretty loaded (around 5-6 normally) and i suspect that npcd goes in timeout and leave those files behind. What could I do (apart from change the server)? Few infos about the system: centos 5.5 nagios 3.2.1 pnp4nagios 0.6 (from sources) Thanks

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• Can I copy from vim to another window without +xterm-clipboard?

  - by GorillaSandwich

  I'm using Ubuntu and vim. I can copy text from vim and paste it into another window by highlighting it in vim, then middle-clicking in the other window. This works fine when I'm on my local machine. I can also copy into the system register by highlighting text and yanking to the system register. (For example, Shift-V JJ "+ y to go into linewise visual mode, highlight two lines, select the '+' register and yank.) It's then available to paste into other windows. However, if I ssh into my web host, I can't do either of these. (They use some flavor of Linux - I think it's CentOS.) In vim, if I type :version, my local version shows +xterm_clipboard, but the host's version shows -xterm_clipboard. I don't have sudo rights there. Is there any way to be able to copy from their vim without getting them to tinker with the installation?

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• Learn Linux Command Line for Web Server Management [closed]

  - by Jonathan

  I've searched high and low for a good resource for learning the Linux command line. I've found a handful of separate resources, but none that really can assist in web server management. I'm currently learning through trial an error with 'man' pages, along with Google. I was just wondering if anyone had a solid resource that they used to learn, and would be willing to share it with me. Thanks so much for your time, I really appreciate it! EDIT: I have a few CentOS servers at current, and I know the basics, I'm just trying to get to a more advanced level.

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• Upgrading php, mysql, and apache

  - by Kevin

  I have been looking around and have not found a good answer to my question. I currently have php 5.3.3 installed via yum on my centos 6.3 server. I need to upgrade to php 5.10 or later. It is my understanding that you need to find the correct mysql and apache packages that fit with the php install. Can someone please point me in the direction of a an update guide? Btw I am not looking for "yum update httpd php5" this gets me the old 5.3.3 version. Thanks, Kevin.

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