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  • Using clases in PHP to store function

    - by Artur
    Hello! I need some advise on my PHP code organisation. I need classes where I can store different functions, and I need access to those classes in different parts of my project. Making an object of this classes each time is too sadly, so I've found a two ways have to solve it. First is to use static methods, like class car { public static $wheels_count = 4; public static function change_wheels_count($new_count) { car::$wheels_count = $new_count; } } Second is to use singleton pattern: class Example { // Hold an instance of the class private static $instance; // The singleton method public static function singleton() { if (!isset(self::$instance)) { $c = __CLASS__; self::$instance = new $c; } return self::$instance; } } But author of the article about singletons said, that if I have too much singletons in my code I should reconstruct it. But I need a lot of such classes. Can anybody explain prons and cons of each way? Which is mostly used? Are there more beautiful ways?

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  • Magic Methods in Python

    - by dArignac
    Howdy, I'm kind of new to Python and I wonder if there is a way to create something like the magic methods in PHP (http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php#language.oop5.overloading.methods) My aim is to ease the access of child classes in my model. I basically have a parent class that has n child classes. These classes have three values, a language key, a translation key and a translation value. The are describing a kind of generic translation handling. The parent class can have translations for different translation key each in different languages. E.g. the key "title" can be translated into german and english and the key "description" too (and so far and so on) I don't want to get the child classes and filter by the set values (at least I want but not explicitly, the concrete implementation behind the magic method would do this). I want to call parent_class.title['de'] # or also possible maybe parent_class.title('de') for getting the translation of title in german (de). So there has to be a magic method that takes the name of the called method and their params (as in PHP). As far as I dug into Python this is only possible with simple attributes (_getattr_, _setattr_) or with setting/getting directly within the class (_getitem_, _setitem_) which both do not fit my needs. Maybe there is a solution for this? Please help! Thanks in advance!

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  • Help with SQL Query

    - by djfrear
    With regards to the following statement: Select * From explorer.booking_record booking_record_ Inner Join explorer.client client_ On booking_record_.labelno = client_.labelno Inner Join explorer.tour_hotel tour_hotel_ On tour_hotel_.tourcode = booking_record_.tourrefcode Inner Join explorer.hotelrecord hotelrecord_ On tour_hotel_.hotelcode = hotelrecord_.hotelref Where booking_record_.bookingdate Not Like '0000-00-00' And booking_record_.tourdeparturedate Not Like '0000-00-00' And hotelrecord_.hotelgroup = "LPL" And Year(booking_record_.tourdeparturedate) Between Year(AddDate(Now(), Interval -5 Year)) And Year(Now()) My MySQL skills are certainly not up to scratch, the actual result set I wish to find is "a customer who has been to 5 or more LPL hotels in the past 5 years". So far I havent got as far as dealing with the count as I'm getting a huge number of results with some 250+ per customer. I assume this is to do with the way I'm joining tables. Schema wise the booking_record table contains a tour reference code, which links to tour_hotel which then contains a hotelcode which links to hotelrecord. This hotelrecord table contains the hotelgroup. The client table is joined to the booking_record via a booking reference and a client may have many bookings. If anyone could suggest a way for me to do this I'd be very grateful and hopefully learn enough to do it myself next time! I've been scratching my head over this one for a few hours now! Customers may have many bookings within booking_record Daniel.

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  • c# delegate and abstract class

    - by BeraCim
    Hi all: I currently have 2 concrete methods in 2 abstract classes. One class contains the current method, while the other contains the legacy method. E.g. // Class #1 public abstract class ClassCurrent<T> : BaseClass<T> where T : BaseNode, new() { public List<T> GetAllRootNodes(int i) { //some code } } // Class #2 public abstract class MyClassLegacy<T> : BaseClass<T> where T : BaseNode, new() { public List<T> GetAllLeafNodes(int j) { //some code } } I want the corresponding method to run in their relative scenarios in the app. I'm planning to write a delegate to handle this. The idea is that I can just call the delegate and write logic in it to handle which method to call depending on which class/project it is called from (at least thats what I think delegates are for and how they are used). However, I have some questions on that topic (after some googling): 1) Is it possible to have a delegate that knows the 2 (or more) methods that reside in different classes? 2) Is it possible to make a delegate that spawns off abstract classes (like from the above code)? (My guess is a no, since delegates create concrete implementation of the passed-in classes) 3) I tried to write a delegate for the above code. But I'm being technically challenged: public delegate List GetAllNodesDelegate(int k); GetAllNodesDelegate del = new GetAllNodesDelegate(ClassCurrent.GetAllRootNodes); I got the following error: An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, property ClassCurrent<BaseNode>.GetAllRootNodes(int) I might have misunderstood something... but if I have to manually declare a delegate at the calling class, AND to pass in the function manually as above, then I'm starting to question whether delegate is a good way to handle my problem. Thanks.

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  • Determining the color of a pixel in a bitmap using C# in a WPF app

    - by DanM
    The only way I found so far is System.Drawing.Bitmap.GetPixel(), but Microsoft has warnings for System.Drawing that are making me wonder if this is the "old way" to do it. Are there any alternatives? Here's what Microsoft says about the System.Drawing namespace. I also noticed that the System.Drawing assembly was not automatically added to the references when I created a new WPF project. System.Drawing Namespace The System.Drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the System.Drawing.Drawing2D, System.Drawing.Imaging, and System.Drawing.Text namespaces. The Graphics class provides methods for drawing to the display device. Classes such as Rectangle and Point encapsulate GDI+ primitives. The Pen class is used to draw lines and curves, while classes derived from the abstract class Brush are used to fill the interiors of shapes. Caution Classes within the System.Drawing namespace are not supported for use within a Windows or ASP.NET service. Attempting to use these classes from within one of these application types may produce unexpected problems, such as diminished service performance and run-time exceptions. - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.drawing.aspx

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  • Cant' cast a class with multiple inheritance

    - by Jay S.
    I am trying to refactor some code while leaving existing functionality in tact. I'm having trouble casting a pointer to an object into a base interface and then getting the derived class out later. The program uses a factory object to create instances of these objects in certain cases. Here are some examples of the classes I'm working with. // This is the one I'm working with now that is causing all the trouble. // Some, but not all methods in NewAbstract and OldAbstract overlap, so I // used virtual inheritance. class MyObject : virtual public NewAbstract, virtual public OldAbstract { ... } // This is what it looked like before class MyObject : public OldAbstract { ... } // This is an example of most other classes that use the base interface class NormalObject : public ISerializable // The two abstract classes. They inherit from the same object. class NewAbstract : public ISerializable { ... } class OldAbstract : public ISerializable { ... } // A factory object used to create instances of ISerializable objects. template<class T> class Factory { public: ... virtual ISerializable* createObject() const { return static_cast<ISerializable*>(new T()); // current factory code } ... } This question has good information on what the different types of casting do, but it's not helping me figure out this situation. Using static_cast and regular casting give me error C2594: 'static_cast': ambiguous conversions from 'MyObject *' to 'ISerializable *'. Using dynamic_cast causes createObject() to return NULL. The NormalObject style classes and the old version of MyObject work with the existing static_cast in the factory. Is there a way to make this cast work? It seems like it should be possible.

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  • Which ORM to use?

    - by Paja
    I'm developing an application which will have these classes: class Shortcut { public string Name { get; } public IList<Trigger> Triggers { get; } public IList<Action> Actions { get; } } class Trigger { public string Name { get; } } class Action { public string Name { get; } } And I will have 20+ more classes, which will derive from Trigger or Action, so in the end, I will have one Shortcut class, 15 Action-derived classes and 5 Trigger-derived classes. My question is, which ORM will best suit this application? EF, NH, SubSonic, or maybe something else (Linq2SQL)? I will be periodically releasing new application versions, adding more triggers and actions (or changing current triggers/actions), so I will have to update database schema as well. I don't know if EF or NH provides any good methods to easily update the schema. Or if they do, is there any tutorial how to do that? I've already found this article about NH schema updating, quoting: Fortunately NHibernate provides us the possibility to update an existing schema, that is NHibernate creates an update script which can the be applied to the database. I've never found how to actually generate the update script, so I can't tell NH to update the schema. Maybe I've misread something, I just didn't found it. Last note: If you suggest EF, will be EF 1.0 suitable as well? I would rather use some older .NET than 4.0.

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  • Do you use Styrofoam balls to model your systems?

    - by Nick D
    [Objective-C] Do you still use Styrofoam balls to model your systems, where each ball represents a class? Tom Love: We do, actually. We've also done a 3D animation version of it, which we found to be nowhere near as useful as the Styrofoam balls. There's something about a physical, conspicuous structure hanging from the ceiling right in the middle of a development project that's regularly updated to provide not only the structure of the system that you're building, but also the current status of each one of the classes. We've done it on 19 projects the last time I've counted. One of them was 1,856 classes, which is big - actually, probably bigger than it should be. It was a big commercial project, so it needed to be somewhat big. Masterminds of Programming It is the first time I've read or heard about using styrofoam balls to model classes. Is that a commonly used technique? And, how does that sort of modeling help us to design better the system? If you have any photos to share which can show us how the classes are represented it'd be great!

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  • Create an instance of an exported C++ class from Delphi

    - by Alan G.
    I followed an excellent article by Rudy Velthuis about using C++ classes in DLL's. Everything was golden, except that I need access to some classes that do not have corresponding factories in the C++ DLL. How can I construct an instance of a class in the DLL? The classes in question are defined as class __declspec(dllexport) exampleClass { public: void foo(); }; Now without a factory, I have no clear way of instantiating the class, but I know it can be done, as I have seen SWIG scripts (.i files) that make these classes available to Python. If Python&SWIG can do it, then I presume/hope there is some way to make it happen in Delphi too. Now I don't know much about SWIG, but it seems like it generates some sort of map for C++ mangled names? Is that anywhere near right? Looking at the exports from the DLL, I suppose I could access functions & constructor/destructor by index or the mangled name directly, but that would be nasty; and would it even work? Even if I can call the constructor, how can I do the equivalent of "new CClass();" in Delphi?

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  • How can I marshal JSON to/from a POJO for BlackBerry Java?

    - by sowbug
    I'm writing a RIM BlackBerry client app. BlackBerry uses a simplified version of Java (no generics, no annotations, limited collections support, etc.; roughly a Java 1.3 dialect). My client will be speaking JSON to a server. We have a bunch of JAXB-generated POJOs, but they're heavily annotated, and they use various classes that aren't available on this platform (ArrayList, BigDecimal, XMLGregorianCalendar). We also have the XSD used by the JAXB-XJC compiler to generate those source files. Being the lazy programmer that I am, I'd really rather not manually translate the existing source files to Java 1.3-compatible JSON-marshalling classes. I already tried JAXB 1.0.6 xjc. Unfortunately, it doesn't understand the XSD file well enough to emit proper classes. Do you know of a tool that will take JAXB 2.0 XSD files and emit Java 1.3 classes? And do you know of a JSON marshalling library that works with old Java? I think I am doomed because JSON arrived around 2006, and Java 5 was released in late 2004, meaning that people probably wouldn't be writing JSON-parsing code for old versions of Java. However, it seems that there must be good JSON libraries for J2ME, which is why I'm holding out hope.

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  • Are document-oriented databases any more suitable than relational ones for persisting objects?

    - by Owen Fraser-Green
    In terms of database usage, the last decade was the age of the ORM with hundreds competing to persist our object graphs in plain old-fashioned RMDBS. Now we seem to be witnessing the coming of age of document-oriented databases. These databases are highly optimized for schema-free documents but are also very attractive for their ability to scale out and query a cluster in parallel. Document-oriented databases also hold a couple of advantages over RDBMS's for persisting data models in object-oriented designs. As the tables are schema-free, one can store objects belonging to different classes in an inheritance hierarchy side-by-side. Also, as the domain model changes, so long as the code can cope with getting back objects from an old version of the domain classes, one can avoid having to migrate the whole database at every change. On the other hand, the performance benefits of document-oriented databases mainly appear to come about when storing deeper documents. In object-oriented terms, classes which are composed of other classes, for example, a blog post and its comments. In most of the examples of this I can come up with though, such as the blog one, the gain in read access would appear to be offset by the penalty in having to write the whole blog post "document" every time a new comment is added. It looks to me as though document-oriented databases can bring significant benefits to object-oriented systems if one takes extreme care to organize the objects in deep graphs optimized for the way the data will be read and written but this means knowing the use cases up front. In the real world, we often don't know until we actually have a live implementation we can profile. So is the case of relational vs. document-oriented databases one of swings and roundabouts? I'm interested in people's opinions and advice, in particular if anyone has built any significant applications on a document-oriented database.

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  • Plot vectors with labels in matlab

    - by mad
    I have a Nx62 matrix with N 62-D vectors and a NX1 vector with the labels for the vectors. I am trying to plot these vectors with their labels because I want to see the behavior of these classes when plotted in a 62-dimensional space. The vectors belong to three classes according to the labels of a NX1 vector cited before. How to to that in matlab? when i do plot(vector,classes) the result is very weird to analyse, how to put labels in the graph? The code i am using to get the labels, vectors and plotting is the following: %labels is a vector with labels, vectors is a matrix where each line is a vector [labels,vectors]=libsvmread('features-im1.txt'); when I plot a three dimensional vector is simple a=[1,2,3] plot(a) and then I get the result but now i have a set of vectors and a set of labels, and i want to see the distribution of them, i want to plot each of these labels but also want to identify their classes. How to do that in matlab? EDIT: This code is almost working. The problem is the fact that for each vector and class the plot will assign a color. I just want three colors and three labels, one per class. [class,vector]=libsvmread('features-im1.txt'); %the plot doesn't allow negative and 0 values in the label class=class+2; labels = {'class -1','class 0','class 1'}; h = plot(vector); legend(h,labels{class})

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  • How to implement an interface class using the non-virtual interface idiom in C++?

    - by andreas buykx
    Hi all, In C++ an interface can be implemented by a class with all its methods pure virtual. Such a class could be part of a library to describe what methods an object should implement to be able to work with other classes in the library: class Lib::IFoo { public: virtual void method() = 0; }; : class Lib::Bar { public: void stuff( Lib::IFoo & ); }; Now I want to to use class Lib::Bar, so I have to implement the IFoo interface. For my purposes I need a whole of related classes so I would like to work with a base class that guarantees common behavior using the NVI idiom: class FooBase : public IFoo // implement interface IFoo { public: void method(); // calls methodImpl; private: virtual void methodImpl(); }; The non-virtual interface (NVI) idiom ought to deny derived classes the possibility of overriding the common behavior implemented in FooBase::method(), but since IFoo made it virtual it seems that all derived classes have the opportunity to override the FooBase::method(). If I want to use the NVI idiom, what are my options other than the pImpl idiom already suggested (thanks space-c0wb0y).

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  • Is the Java classpath final after JVM startup?

    - by Jens
    Hi, I have read a lot about the Java class loading process lately. Often I came across texts that claimed that it is not possible to add classes to the classpath during runtime and load them without class loader hackery (URLClassLoaders etc.) As far as I know classes are loaded dynamically. That means their bytecode representation is only loaded and transformed to a java.lang.Class object when needed. So shouldn't it be possible to add a JAR or *.class file to the classpath after the JVM started and load those classes, provided they haven't been loaded yet? (To be clear: In this case the classpath is simple folder on the filesystem. "Adding a JAR or *.class file" simply means dropping them in this folder.) And if not, does that mean that the classpath is searched on JVM startup and all fully qualified names of the found classes are cached in an internal "list"? It would be nice of you if you could point me to some sources in your answers. Preferably the offical SUN documentation: Sun JVM Spec. I have read the spec but could not find anything about the classpath and if it's finalized on JVM startup. P.s. This is a theoretical question. I just want to know if it is possible. There is nothing practical I want to achieve. There is just my thirst for knowledge :)

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  • Visual C++ overrides/mock objects for unit testing?

    - by Mark
    When I'm running unit tests, I want to be able to "stub out" or create a mock object, but I'm running into DLL Hell. For example: There are two DLL libraries built: A.dll and B.dll -- Classes in A.dll have calls to classes in B.dll so when A.dll was built, the link line was using B.lib for the defintions. My test driver (Foo.exe) is testing classes in A.dll, so it links against A.lib. However, I want to "stub out" some of the calls A.dll makes to B.dll with simple versions (return basic value, no DB look up, etc). I can't build an Override.dll that just overrides the needed methods (not entire classes) and replace B.dll because Foo.exe will A) complain that B.dll is missing if I just remove it and put Override.dll in it's place or B) if I rename Override.dll to B.dll, Foo.exe complains that there are unresolved symbols because Override.dll is not a complete implementation of B.dll. Is there a way to do this? Is there a way to statically link Foo.exe with A.lib, B.lib and Override.lib such that it will work without having to completely rebuild A.lib and B.lib to remove the __delcspec(dllexport)? Is there another option?

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  • Oracle SQL: ROLLUP not summing correctly

    - by tommy-o-dell
    Hi guys, Rollup seems to be working correcly to count the number of units, but not the number of trains. Any idea what could be causing that? The output from the query looks like this. The sum of the Units column in yellow is 53 but the rollup is showing 51. The number of units adds up correctly though... And here's the oracle SQL query... select t.year, t.week, decode(t.mine_id,NULL,'PF',t.mine_id) as mine_id, decode(t.product,Null,'LF',t.product) as product, decode(t.mine_id||'-'||t.product,'-','PF',t.mine_id||'-'||t.product) as code, count(distinct t.tpps_train_id) as trains, count(1) as units from ( select trn.mine_code as mine_id, trn.train_tpps_id as tpps_train_id, round((con.calibrated_weight_total - con.empty_weight_total),2) as tonnes from widsys.train trn INNER JOIN widsys.consist con USING (train_record_id) where trn.direction = 'N' and (con.calibrated_weight_total-con.empty_weight_total) > 10 and trn.num_cars > 10 and con.consist_no not like '_L%' ) w, ( select to_char(td.datetime_act_comp_dump-7/24, 'IYYY') as year, to_char(td.datetime_act_comp_dump-7/24, 'IW') as week, td.mine_code as mine_id, td.train_id as tpps_train_id, pt.product_type_code as product from tpps.train_details td inner join tpps.ore_products op using (ore_product_key) inner join tpps.product_types pt using (product_type_key) where to_char(td.datetime_act_comp_dump-7/24, 'IYYY') = 2010 and to_char(td.datetime_act_comp_dump-7/24, 'IW') = 12 order by td.datetime_act_comp_dump asc ) t where w.mine_id = t.mine_id and w.tpps_train_id = t.tpps_train_id having t.product is not null or t.mine_id is null group by t.year, t.week, rollup( t.mine_id, t.product)

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  • how do use Ninject with class libraries I am developing?

    - by Greg
    Hi, If I am working on a class library how do I make use of Ninject here? Ie from the internal class library point of view and also from the client code? For example: should the class library have it's own IOC set up, or should it always assume the client code will supply? if no (ie it's upto the client to have the IOC in place) then where is the mapping data stored here'. Is this mapping of the class library's functionality to be places in the client? have a reusable library that is available, that uses interfaces with classes that use the getInstance concept to create concrete classes for you to use, then in this case would that make sense on the client side to use the IOC container to create instances of these classes? Or is that really applying a double layer of abstraction? Q2 Or in the cases where I'm building the reusable library myself and want the client to use an IOC container, then in my reusable library would I then dispense with any overhead of having factories or "getInstance" methods to instantiate the classes in the client? (i.e. as the IOC container would do this no?)

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  • LINQ Joins - Performance

    - by Meiscooldude
    I am curious on how exactly LINQ (not LINQ to SQL) is performing is joins behind the scenes in relation to how Sql Server performs joins. Sql Server before executing a query, generates an Execution Plan. The Execution Plan is basically an Expression Tree on what it believes is the best way to execute the query. Each node provides information on whether to do a Sort, Scan, Select, Join, ect. On a 'Join' node in our execution plan, we can see three possible algorithms; Hash Join, Merge Join, and Nested Loops Join. Sql Server will choose which algorithm to for each Join operation based on expected number of rows in Inner and Outer tables, what type of join we are doing (some algorithms don't support all types of joins), whether we need data ordered, and probably many other factors. Join Algorithms: Nested Loop Join: Best for small inputs, can be optimized with ordered inner table. Merge Join: Best for medium to large inputs sorted inputs, or an output that needs to be ordered. Hash Join: Best for medium to large inputs, can be parallelized to scale linearly. LINQ Query: DataTable firstTable, secondTable; ... var rows = from firstRow in firstTable.AsEnumerable () join secondRow in secondTable.AsEnumerable () on firstRow.Field<object> (randomObject.Property) equals secondRow.Field<object> (randomObject.Property) select new {firstRow, secondRow}; SQL Query: SELECT * FROM firstTable fT INNER JOIN secondTable sT ON fT.Property = sT.Property Sql Server might use a Nested Loop Join if it knows there are a small number of rows from each table, a merge join if it knows one of the tables has an index, and Hash join if it knows there are a lot of rows on either table and neither has an index. Does Linq choose its algorithm for joins? or does it always use one?

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  • Dealing with multiple generics in a method call

    - by thaBadDawg
    I've been dealing a lot lately with abstract classes that use generics. This is all good and fine because I get a lot of utility out of these classes but now it's making for some rather ugly code down the line. For example: abstract class ClassBase<T> { T Property { get; set; } } class MyClass : ClassBase<string> { OtherClass PropertyDetail { get; set; } } This implementation isn't all that crazy, except when I want to reference the abstract class from a helper class and then I have to make a list of generics just to make reference to the implemented class, like this below. class Helper { void HelpMe<C, T>(object Value) where C : ClassBase<T>, new() { DoWork(); } } This is just a tame example, because I have some method calls where the list of where clauses end up being 5 or 6 lines long to handle all of the generic data. What I'd really like to do is class Helper { void HelpMe<C>(object Value) where C : ClassBase, new() { DoWork(); } } but it obviously won't compile. I want to reference ClassBase without having to pass it a whole array of generic classes to get the function to work, but I don't want to reference the higher level classes because there are a dozen of those. Am I the victim of my own cleverness or is there an avenue that I haven't considered yet?

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  • Representing element as boolean with JAXB?

    - by Marcus
    We have this XML: <Summary> <ValueA>xxx</ValueA> <ValueB/> </Summary> <ValueB/> will never have any attributes or inner elements. It's a boolean type element - it exists (true) or it doesn't (false). JAXB generated a Summary class with a String valueA member, which is good. But for ValueB, JAXB generated a ValueB inner class and a corresponding member: @XmlElement(name = "ValueB") protected Summary.ValueB valueB; But what I'd like is a boolean member and no inner class: @XmlElement(name = "ValueB") protected boolean valueB; How can you do this? I'm not looking to regenerate the classes, I'd like to just make the code change manually. Update: In line with the accepted answer, we created a new method returning the boolean value conditional on whether valueB == null. As we are using Hibernate, we annotated valueB with @Transient and annotated the boolean getter with Hibernate's @Column annotation.

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  • How can you adjust the height of a jquery UI accordian?

    - by KallDrexx
    In my UI I have an accordian setup that so far functions <div id="object_list"> <h3>Section 1</h3> <div>...content...</div> // More sections </div> The accordian works properly when it is first formed, and it seems to adjust itself well for the content inside each of the sections. However, if I then add more content into the accordian after the .accordian() call (via ajax), the inner for the section ends up overflowing. Since the accordian is being formed with almost no content, all the inner divs are extremely small, and thus the content overflows and you get accordians with scrollbars inside with almost no viewing area. I have attempted to add min-height styles to the object_list div, and the content divs to no avail. Adding the min-height to the inner divs kind of worked, but it messed up the accordian's animations, and adding it to the object_list div did absolutely nothing. How can I get a reasonable size out of the content sections even when there is not enough content to fill those sections?

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  • Convert SQL to LINQ in MVC3 with Ninject

    - by Jeff
    I'm using MVC3 and still learning LINQ. I'm having some trouble trying to convert a query to LINQ to Entities. I want to return an employee object. SELECT E.EmployeeID, E.FirstName, E.LastName, MAX(EO.EmployeeOperationDate) AS "Last Operation" FROM Employees E INNER JOIN EmployeeStatus ES ON E.EmployeeID = ES.EmployeeID INNER JOIN EmployeeOperations EO ON ES.EmployeeStatusID = EO.EmployeeStatusID INNER JOIN Teams T ON T.TeamID = ES.TeamID WHERE T.TeamName = 'MyTeam' GROUP BY E.EmployeeID, E.FirstName, E.LastName ORDER BY E.FirstName, E.LastName What I have is a few tables, but I need to get only the newest status based on the EmployeeOpertionDate. This seems to work fine in SQL. I'm also using Ninject and set my query to return Ienumerable. I played around with the group by option but it then returns IGroupable. Any guidance on converting and returning the property object type would be appreciated. Edit: I started writing this out in LINQ but I'm not sure how to properly return the correct type or cast this. public IQueryable<Employee> GetEmployeesByTeam(int teamID) { var q = from E in context.Employees join ES in context.EmployeeStatuses on E.EmployeeID equals ES.EmployeeID join EO in context.EmployeeOperations on ES.EmployeeStatusID equals EO.EmployeeStatusID join T in context.Teams on ES.TeamID equals T.TeamID where T.TeamName == "MyTeam" group E by E.EmployeeID into G select G; return q; } Edit2: This seems to work for me public IQueryable<Employee> GetEmployeesByTeam(int teamID) { var q = from E in context.Employees join ES in context.EmployeeStatuses on E.EmployeeID equals ES.EmployeeID join EO in context.EmployeeOperations.OrderByDescending(eo => eo.EmployeeOperationDate) on ES.EmployeeStatusID equals EO.EmployeeStatusID join T in context.Teams on ES.TeamID equals T.TeamID where T.TeamID == teamID group E by E.EmployeeID into G select G.FirstOrDefault(); return q; }

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  • Fun with casting and inheritance

    - by Vaccano
    NOTE: This question is written in a C# like pseudo code, but I am really going to ask which languages have a solution. Please don't get hung up on syntax. Say I have two classes: class AngleLabel: CustomLabel { public bool Bold; // code to allow the label to be on an angle } class Label: CustomLabel { public bool Bold; // Code for a normal label // Maybe has code not in an AngleLabel (align for example). } They both decend from this class: class CustomLabel: Control { protected bool Bold; } The bold field is exposed as public in the descended classes. No interfaces are available on the classes. Now, I have a method that I want to beable to pass in a CustomLabel and set the Bold property. Can this be done without having to 1) find out what the real class of the object is and 2) cast to that object and then 3) make seperate code for each variable of each label type to set bold. Kind of like this: public void SetBold(customLabel: CustomLabel) { AngleLabel angleLabel; NormalLabel normalLabel; if (angleLabel is AngleLabel ) { angleLabel= customLabel as AngleLabel angleLabel.Bold = true; } if (label is Label) { normalLabel = customLabel as Label normalLabel .Bold = true; } } It would be nice to maybe make one cast and and then set bold on one variable. What I was musing about was to make a fourth class that just exposes the bold variable and cast my custom label to that class. Would that work? If so, which languages would it work for? (This example is drawn from an old version of Delphi (Delphi 5)). I don't know if it would work for that language, (I still need to try it out) but I am curious if it would work for C++, C# or Java. If not, any ideas on what would work? (Remember no interfaces are provided and I can not modify the classes.) Any one have a guess?

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  • What are the lengths/limits C preprocessor as a language creation tool? Where can I learn more about

    - by Weston C
    In his FAQ @ http://www2.research.att.com/~bs/bs_faq.html#bootstrapping, Bjarne Stroustrup says: To build [Cfront, the first C++ compiler], I first used C to write a "C with Classes"-to-C preprocessor. "C with Classes" was a C dialect that became the immediate ancestor to C++... I then wrote the first version of Cfront in "C with Classes". When I read this, it piqued my interest in the C preprocessor. I'd seen its macro capabilities as suitable for simplifying common expressions but hadn't thought about its ability to significantly add to syntax and semantics on the level that I imagine bringing classes to C took. So now I have a couple of questions on my mind: 1) Are there other examples of this approach to bootstrapping a language off of C? 2) Is the source to Stroustrup's original work available anywhere? 3) Where could I learn more about the specifics of utilizing this technique? 4) What are the lengths/limits of that approach? Could one, say, create a set of preprocessor macros that let someone write in something significantly Lisp/Scheme like?

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  • Drupal theme preprocess function - primary links and suckerfish menus

    - by slimcady
    I have a preprocess function that works fine when the menu is single level list. However I would like it to work w/ suckerfish menus. I want to add a class to the top level menu item so that I can style it. This is the code I used for the single level menu: function cti_flex_preprocess_page(&$vars, $hook) { // Make a shortcut for the primary links variables $primary_links = $vars['primary_links']; // Loop thru the menu, adding a new class for CSS selectors $i = 1; foreach ($primary_links as $link => $attributes){ // Append the new class to existing classes for each menu item $class = $attributes['attributes']['class'] . " item-$i"; // Add revised classes back to the primary links temp variable $primary_links[$link]['attributes']['class'] = $class; $link['title'] = '<span class="hide">' . check_plain($link['title']) . '</span>'; $i++; } // end the foreach loop // reset the variable to contain the new markup $vars['primary_links'] = $primary_links; } I've been trying to use the menu_tree() function to no avail, for example: function cti_flex_preprocess_page(&$vars, $hook) { // Make a shortcut for the primary links variables $primary_links = $vars['primary_links']; // Loop thru the menu, adding a new class for CSS selectors $i = 1; foreach ($primary_links as $link => $attributes){ // Append the new class to existing classes for each menu item $class = $attributes['attributes']['class'] . " item-$i"; // Add revised classes back to the primary links temp variable $primary_links[$link]['attributes']['class'] = $class; $link['title'] = '<span class="hide">' . check_plain($link['title']) . '</span>'; $i++; } // end the foreach loop // reset the variable to contain the new markup $vars['primary_links_tree'] = menu_tree(variable_get('menu_primary_links_source', '$primary_links')); } Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

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