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  • jquery menu ul li

    - by eyalb
    i have a tree menu that i need to open on specific branch. 1. on click on an A element i open the all next UL. now i want to close all other UL exept the ones that are parents of the A element. i want to write a function that will get an argument that is a A ID and will open the menu in the right place. example of my code

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  • Moving the ScrollBar To the Selected Node In A TreeView Control

    - by Nick LaMarca
    I have a treeview control where I am dynamically selecting a node depending on user interaction. when a node is selected I want to be able to have the scrollbar go to the location of that selected node in the tree. The scrollbar is simply made by overflow:auto in the div tag where the treeview is located. Can someone give me some detailed code to accomplish this? Thanks in advance.

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  • confusing java data structures

    - by London
    Maybe the title is not appropriate but I couldn't think of any other at this moment. My question is what is the difference between LinkedList and ArrayList or HashMap and THashMap . Is there a tree structure already for Java(ex:AVL,Black-white) or balanced or not balanced(linked list). If this kind of question is not appropriate for SO please let me know I will delete it. thank you

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  • python copytree with negated ignore pattern

    - by Chris H
    I'm trying to use python to copy a tree of files/directories. is it possible to use copytree to copy everything that ends in foo? There is an ignore_patterns patterns function, can I give it a negated regular expression? Are they supported in python? eg. copytree(src, dest, False, ignore_pattern('!*.foo')) Where ! means NOT anything that ends in foo. thanks.

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  • Get the value of a textnode which is being shown on the screen via javascript.Not very easy.

    - by T_t
    I mean, assume a web page is very long and contain lots of words, now i just want to get the value of a textnode which is being shown on the screen.How could i do it? Thanks! :) what's more: I mean, i know how to get the value of a textnode,but if a web page is very lage and contains thousands of words, what i want to do is that,only get the shown textnode of the dom tree.That means if you slither a mouse wheel,some text disappear and some come into your vision.

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  • Migrating Application Configuration from Windows Registry to SQLite

    - by baris_a
    Currently, I am working on the migration mentioned in the title line. Problem is application configuration that is kept in registry has a tree like structure, for example: X |->Y |->Z |->SomeKey someValue W |->AnotherKey anotherValue and so on. How can I model this structure in SQLite (or any other DB)? If you have experience in similar problems, please send posts. Thanks in advance.

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  • LINQ display row numbers

    - by timvaines
    I simply want to include a row number against the returned results of my query. I found the following post that describes what I am trying to achieve but gives me an exception http://vaultofthoughts.net/LINQRowNumberColumn.aspx "An expression tree may not contain an assignment operator" In MS SQL I would just use the ROWNUMBER() function, I'm simply looking for the equivalent in LINQ.

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  • is there a 'git find'?

    - by Martin DeMello
    Is there a git find analogue of git grep, i.e., something that will find a filename by pattern in the tree? I've gone through a lot of git documentation and not found this, but I'm having a hard time believing it doesn't exist somewhere.

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  • Java: If I overwrite the .equals method, can I still test for reference equality with ==?

    - by shots fired
    I have the following situation: I need to sort trees based by height, so I made the Tree's comparable using the height attribute. However, I was also told to overwrite the equals and hashCode methods to avoid unpredictable behaviour. Still, sometimes I may want to compare the references of the roots or something along those lines using ==. Is that still possible or does the == comparison call the equals method?

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  • XML Document straight to Stored Proc Mapping in NHibernate

    - by ZekeTheGeek
    Hello. I'm building a mechanism to take XML data from a queue and call stored procs to save the data from the XML document directly to the database. This seems like something that NHibernate could address, but of course most of the information I find discusses going from objects to database instead of another data format (XML, in this case). Is there a way to use NHibernate in this fashion or am I barking up the wrong tree? Thanks.

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  • Unable to setup postgres on ubuntu (8.4 on 9.10)

    - by shabda
    I am trying to setup postgres on ubuntu, and I cant proceed as I cant find the location of pg_hba.conf (Postgres 8.4 on ubuntu 9.10) What I did setup postgres via aptitude This gave me ... /usr/share/postgresql/8.4# aptitude install postgresql Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: libreadline5{a} postgresql postgresql-8.4{a} postgresql-client-8.4{a} postgresql-client-common{a} postgresql-common{a} 0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/5,159kB of archives. After unpacking 18.8MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Y Writing extended state information... Done Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package libreadline5. (Reading database ... 17490 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libreadline5 (from .../libreadline5_5.2-6_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-client-common. Unpacking postgresql-client-common (from .../postgresql-client-common_101_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-client-8.4. Unpacking postgresql-client-8.4 (from .../postgresql-client-8.4_8.4.1-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-common. Unpacking postgresql-common (from .../postgresql-common_101_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql-8.4. Unpacking postgresql-8.4 (from .../postgresql-8.4_8.4.1-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package postgresql. Unpacking postgresql (from .../postgresql_8.4.1-1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up libreadline5 (5.2-6) ... Setting up postgresql-client-common (101) ... Setting up postgresql-client-8.4 (8.4.1-1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/8.4/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode. Setting up postgresql-common (101) ... Setting up postgresql-8.4 (8.4.1-1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/8.4/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode. Setting up postgresql (8.4.1-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Writing extended state information... Done tried to login as su - postgres Followed by createdb mytestdb This failed with could not connect to database postgres: could not connect to server: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"? So I though I need to enable local connections in pg_hba.conf, which I cant find. So I created a new file as sudo vim /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/pg_hba.conf With values local all all ident But I still cant login after restarting the service. What are next steps for me to take.

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  • Can someone help me install MYSQL server pelase? This is bugging me....

    - by Alex
    $ sudo aptitude install mysql-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: libhtml-template-perl{a} mysql-server mysql-server-5.0{a} mysql-server-core-5.0{a} 0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/27.7MB of archives. After unpacking 91.1MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y Writing extended state information... Done Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package mysql-server-core-5.0. (Reading database ... 17022 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.0 (from .../mysql-server-core-5.0_5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mysql-server-5.0. Unpacking mysql-server-5.0 (from .../mysql-server-5.0_5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libhtml-template-perl. Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (from .../libhtml-template-perl_2.9-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mysql-server. Unpacking mysql-server (from .../mysql-server_5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3_all.deb) ... Setting up mysql-server-core-5.0 (5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3) ... Setting up mysql-server-5.0 (5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3) ... * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld [ OK ] /var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-5.0.postinst: line 144: /etc/mysql/conf.d/old_passwords.cnf: No such file or directory dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.0 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.9-1) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server: mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.0; however: Package mysql-server-5.0 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: mysql-server-5.0 mysql-server E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) A package failed to install. Trying to recover: Setting up mysql-server-5.0 (5.1.30really5.0.75-0ubuntu10.3) ... * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld [ OK ] /var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-5.0.postinst: line 144: /etc/mysql/conf.d/old_passwords.cnf: No such file or directory dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.0 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server: mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.0; however: Package mysql-server-5.0 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: mysql-server-5.0 mysql-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Writing extended state information... Done Before I installed it, I ran this: sudo aptitude purge mysql-server mysql-server-5.0 This has happened before. I remember before, I did something with dpkg with fixed it.

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  • Sharepoint AD imported users are becomming sporadically corrupted, causing us to have to create a new account

    - by TrevJen
    Sharepoint 2007 MOSS with AD imported users. All servers are 2008. ***UPDATE More details in testing. This Sharepoint is in an AD Child domain (clients.mycompany.local), which is sub to the root of the AD tree (mycompany.local). The user is in the parent tree (as are half of the other functional users. I have elevated the user rights to Domain. In looking at the logs, it seems that the Sharepoint server is trying to authenticate them by querying the DC for the clients domain (which is the way it normally works and still works for all existing identically configured users). I think if I could force it to authenticate up to the top domain DC then it would be ok?? I have around 50 users, over the past 2 months, I have had a handful of the users suddenly unable to login to Sharepoint. When they login, they either get a blank screen or they are repropmted. These users are using accounts that have been used for many months, sometimes the problem originates with a password change. In all cases, the users account works on every other Active Directory authenticated resource (domain, exchange, LDAP). In the most recent case, last night I was forced deleted a user ("John smith") because of corruption. The orifinal account name was jsmith. I deleted him from active directory, then deleted him from the profile list in Sharepoint Shared Services. I could not find a way to delete him from the Sharepoint user list, but I reran the import after recreating his account (renamed it too just to be sure to "smithj"). At first, this did not wor, the user could still access all other resources but Sharepoint. then, some 30 minutes later it inexplicably started working. This morning, the user changed passwords, which immediatly broke the login on Sharepoint again. Logs by request from matt b Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 7888 Task Category: Office Server General Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: A runtime exception was detected. Details follow. Message: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Techinal Details: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPGlobal.HandleUnauthorizedAccessException(UnauthorizedAccessException ex) at Microsoft.SharePoint.Library.SPRequest.UpdateField(String bstrUrl, String bstrListName, String bstrXML) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.UpdateCore(Boolean bToggleSealed) – TrevJen 19 hours ago at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.Update() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.PushSchemaToList(Boolean& bAddedColumn) at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.SynchFull() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.Synch() at Microsoft.Office.Server.Diagnostics.FirstChanceHandler.ExceptionFilter(Boolean fRethrowException, TryBlock tryBlock, FilterBlock filter, CatchBlock catchBlock, FinallyBlock finallyBlock) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Log Name: Application Source: Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 5553 Task Category: User Profiles Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: failure trying to synch site 6fea15e2-0899-4c19-9016-44d77834c018 for ContentDB b2002b0b-3d4c-411a-8c4f-3d047ca9322c WebApp 3aff7051-455d-4a70-a377-5b1c36df618e. Exception message was Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)). – TrevJen 18 hours ago

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  • creating a heirarchy of terminals or workspaces

    - by intuited
    <rant This question occurred to me ('occurred' meaning 'whispered seductively in my ear for the 100th time') while using GNU-screen, so I'll make that my example. However this is a much more general question about user interfaces and what I perceive as a flawmissing feature in every implementation I've yet seen. I'm wondering if there is some way to create a heirarchy/tree of terminals in a screen session. EG I'd like to have something like 1 bash 1.1 bash 1.2 bash 2 bash 3 bash 3.1 bash 3.1.1 bash 3.1.2 bash It would be good if the terminals could be labelled instead of having to be navigated to via some arrangement that I suspect doesn't exist. So then you could jump to one using eg ^A:goto happydays or ^A:goto dykstra.angry. So to generalize that: Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, gnome-terminal, roxterm, konsole, yakuake, OpenOffice, Microsoft Office, Mr. Snuffaluppagus's Funtime Carousel™, and Your Mom's Jam Browser™ all offer the ability to create a flat set of tabs containing documents of an identical nature: web pages, terminals, documents, fun rideable animals, and jams. GNU-screen implements the same functionality without using tabs. Linux and OS/X window managers provide the ability to organize windows into an array of workspaces, which amounts to again, the same deal. Over the past few years, this has become a more or less ubiquitous concept which has been righteously welcomed into the far reaches of the computer interface funfest. Heavy users of these systems quickly encounter a problem with it: the set of entities is flat. In the case of workspaces, an option may be available to create a 2d array. However none of these applications furnish their users with the ability to create heirarchies, similar to filesystem directory structures, containing instances of their particular contained type. I for one am consistently bothered by this, and am wondering if the community can offer some wisdom as to why this has not happened in any of the foremost collections of computational functionality our culture has yet produced. Or if perhaps it has and I'm just an ignorant savage. I'd like to be able to not only group things into a tree structure, but also to create references (aka symbolic links, aka pointers) from one part of the structure to another, as well as apply properties (eg default directory, colorscheme, ...) recursively downward from a given node. I see no reason why we shouldn't be able to save these structures as known sessions, and apply tags to particular instances. So then you can sort through them by tag, find them by name, or just use the arrow keys (with an appropriate modifier) to move left or right and in or out of a given level. Another key combo would serve to create a branch in the place of the current terminal/webpage/lifelike statue/spreadsheet/spreadsheet sheet/presentation/jam and move that entity into the new branch, then create a fresh one as a sibling to it: a second leaf node within the same branch node. They would get along well. I find it a bit astonishing that this hasn't happened yet, and the only reason I can venture as a guess is that the creators of these fine systems do not consider such functionality to be useful to a significant portion of their userbase. I posit that the probability that that such an assumption would be correct is pretty low. On the other hand, given the relative ease with which such structures can be implemented using modern libraries/languages, it doesn't seem likely that difficulty of implementation would be a major roadblock. If it could be done in 1972 or whenever within the constraints of a filesystem driver, it should be relatively painless to implement in 2010 in a fullblown application. Given that all of these systems are capable of maintaining a set of equivalent entities, it seems unlikely that a major infrastructure overhaul would be necessary in order to enable a navigable heirarchy of them. </rant Mostly I'm just looking to start up a discussion and/or brainstorming on this topic. Any ideas, examples, criticism, or analysis are quite welcome. * Mr. Snuffaluppagus's Funtime Carousel is a registered trademark of Children's Television Workshop Inc. * Your Mom's Jam Browser is a registered trademark of Your Mom Inc.

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  • Debian Lenny to Debian Squeeze upgrade problems

    - by Roland Soós
    Hi! Yesterday I made a dist-upgrade on my Debian Lenny server. I thought it will be easy as an usual upgrade, but it's not. I got a lot of problem after the update: # apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-2.6-amd64 : Depends: linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64 but it is not installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. Then I tried the suggestion: # apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libio-compress-base-perl libatk1.0-0 libts-0.0-0 libmime-types-perl libc-client2007b libgtk2.0-common libxfixes3 libgsf-1-common hicolor-icon-theme libfile-remove-perl libxcomposite1 libltdl3-dev libneon27 libmd5-perl libwmf0.2-7 libilmbase6 libatk1.0-data djvulibre-desktop libdirectfb-1.0-0 fam libxinerama1 libcroco3 libopenexr6 libgsf-1-114 libmail-box-perl libdjvulibre21 openssl-blacklist librsvg2-2 libio-compress-zlib-perl libsysfs2 libbeecrypt6 libxdamage1 libobject-realize-later-perl libuser-identity-perl libgtk2.0-bin libxi6 libxcursor1 portmap libxrandr2 libgtk2.0-0 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64 Suggested packages: linux-doc-2.6.32 The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 121 not upgraded. 98 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/28.6 MB of archives. After this operation, 103 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "hu_HU.UTF-8" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: Nincs ilyen f?jl vagy k?nyvt?r Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 37915 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64 (from .../linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64_2.6.32-30_amd64.deb) ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: Nincs ilyen f?jl vagy k?nyvt?r dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64_2.6.32-30_amd64.deb (--unpack): failed in write on buffer copy for backend dpkg-deb during `./lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-realtek.ko': No space left on device configured to not write apport reports dpkg-deb: subprocess paste killed by signal (Broken pipe) locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: Nincs ilyen f?jl vagy k?nyvt?r Running postrm hook script /sbin/update-grub. Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ... Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.26-2-amd64 Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 2.6.32-5-amd64 /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-2.6.32-5-amd64_2.6.32-30_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) # dpkg-reconfigure locales perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "hu_HU.UTF-8" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: Nincs ilyen f?jl vagy k?nyvt?r /usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: locales is broken or not fully installed Then I stucked. Do you have any idea how could I solve this?

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  • How to connect FreeBSD Jail to network

    - by jgtumusiime
    So recently I successfully installed and configured a freebsd jail and I would like to install software within my jail but I cannot connect to the network. I'm trying to setup an apache+php+mysql installation within the jail and have the webserver accessible by users. Here is my rc.conf for the jail. ... jail_enable="YES" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails jail_list="mambo2" # Space separated list of names of jails jail_mambo2_rootdir="/usr/jails/j01" # jail's root directory jail_mambo2_hostname="mambo2.ug" # jail's hostname jail_mambo2_ip="192.168.100.174" # jail's IP address jail_mambo2_devfs_enable="YES" # mount devfs in the jail jail_mambo2_devfs_ruleset="mambo2_ruleset" # devfs ruleset to apply to jail here is my jail ifconfig output mambo2# ifconfig rl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=8<VLAN_MTU> ether 00:c1:28:00:48:db media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active plip0: flags=108810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,NEEDSGIANT> metric 0 mtu 1500 lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 mambo2# It does not show the IP address I configured within /etc/rc.conf. But, when I list the running jails, it shows the right IP address. Here is a list of jails running [root@mambo /usr/home/jtumusiime]# jls JID IP Address Hostname Path 5 192.168.100.174 mambo2.ug /usr/jails/j01 I also created a /etc/resolv.conf for nameservers. This was not in existence so I'm not quite sure if it is necessary? mambo2# cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.100.251 nameserver 8.8.8.8 mambo2# my host has 4 ip addresses, 3 public and one private: 192.168.100.173 I tried creating a jail using ezjail and this does not work out. [root@mambo /usr/src]# ezjail-admin update -p -i Error: Cannot find your copy of the FreeBSD source tree in . Consider using 'ezjail-admin install' to create the base jail from an ftp server. [root@mambo /usr/src]# I have an updated copy of freebsd 7.1 source tree from SVN in /usr/src/ [root@mambo /usr/src]# svn info Path: . URL: http://svn.freebsd.org/base/release/7.1.0 Repository Root: http://svn.freebsd.org/base Repository UUID: ccf9f872-aa2e-dd11-9fc8-001c23d0bc1f Revision: 243371 Node Kind: directory Schedule: normal Last Changed Author: kensmith Last Changed Rev: 186660 Last Changed Date: 2009-01-01 01:57:14 +0300 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) [root@mambo /usr/src]# and I did #make buildworld while building the first jail i.e mambo2 Here is an excerpt of ouput of ezjail-admin install ... 221 Goodbye. Trying 193.162.146.4... Connected to ftp.freebsd.org. 220 ftp.beastie.tdk.net FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready. 331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password. 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. 200 Type set to I. 550 pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/i386/7.1-RELEASE/base: No such file or directory. 221 Goodbye. Could not fetch base from ftp.freebsd.org. Maybe your release (7.1-RELEASE) is specified incorrectly or the host ftp.freebsd.org does not provide that release build. Use the -r option to specify an existing release or the -h option to specify an alternative ftp server. Querying your ftp-server... The ftp server you specified (ftp.freebsd.org) seems to provide the following builds: Trying 193.162.146.4... total 10 drwxrwxr-x 13 1006 1006 512 Feb 20 2011 8.2-RELEASE drwxrwxr-x 13 1006 1006 512 Apr 10 2012 8.3-RELEASE lrwxr-xr-x 1 1006 1006 16 Jan 7 2012 9.0-RELEASE -> i386/9.0-RELEASE drwxrwxr-x 7 1006 1006 1024 Feb 19 2012 ISO-IMAGES -rw-rw-r-- 1 1006 1006 637 Nov 23 2005 README.TXT drwxrwxr-x 5 1006 1006 512 Nov 2 02:59 i386 I do not want to upgrade my freebsd installation. I have googled around; but all in vail. Thank you

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  • How LINQ to Object statements work

    - by rajbk
    This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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