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• Saving form values to database after a user logs in

  - by redfalcon

  Hi. We have a form with ratings to submit for a certain restaurant. After the user has entered some values and wants to submit them, we check whether the user is logged in or not. If not, we display a login form and let the user put in his account data and redirect him to the restaurant he wanted to submit a rating for. The problem is, that after he successfully logged in himself, the submitted values are not saved to the database (which works fine if the user is already logged in). So I wondered if it is possible, to somehow save the data although the user is not logged in. I thought of maybe saving the filled values in a variable and have then automatically re-entered after we redirected the user. But I guess this wont work because we use before_filter :login_required, :only => [ :create ] So we couldnt even access the filled in values, since we display the login-form before the method has processed the values in the form, right? Any idea how we can make rails to save the values or at least have them automatically re-entered to the form? Thanks!

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• Populate CruiseControl email publisher user addresses from file

  - by Unsliced

  Currently my CruiseControl.NET email publisher has its list of users hard-coded in the build config file <publishers> [ ... ] <email from="[email protected]" mailhost="stmp.domain.com" mailport="25" includeDetails="TRUE"> <replyto>[email protected]</replyto> <users> <user name="a.user" group="buildmaster" address="[email protected]"/> <user name="b.user" group="developers" address="[email protected]"/> </users> <groups> <group name="developers"> <notifications> <notificationType>Failed</notificationType> <notificationType>Fixed</notificationType> </notifications> </group> <group name="buildmaster"> <notifications> <notificationType>Always</notificationType> </notifications> </group> </groups> <modifierNotificationTypes> <NotificationType>Failed</NotificationType> <NotificationType>Fixed</NotificationType> </modifierNotificationTypes> </email> </publishers> I'd like to be able to read the list of users from an external file. We have dozens of build files and I'd like to streamline the process of adding new users and removing ones that are no longer interested. Can I do this?

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• [RPM Building] How to take user input during install

  - by Sam

  So when I create a debian package, I am able to write a post-installation shell script that runs just fine. Currently mine is configured to do echo "Please enter your MySQL Database user (default root)" read MYSQL_USER echo "Please enter the MySQL Database user password (default root)" read -s MYSQL_PASS DBEXIST=0 CMD="create database lportal;use lportal;" (mysql -u$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASS -e "$CMD") || ((DBEXIST++)) if [ $DBEXIST -ne 0 ]; then echo "Setup finished, but MySQL already has an lportal table. This could be from a previous installation of Liferay. If you want a fresh installation of this bundle, please remove the lportal table and reinstall this package." fi This works fine for Ubuntu. However, I can't seem to get user input to work with RPMs for Fedora. Is there a good way to take user input? From what I understand, RPMs were designed not to allow interactive installs. However I can't see a better way to do this.. Is there possibly a way to automatically find local MySQL settings without asking the user? Otherwise, what's the best way to ask for user input?

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• implementing user tracking (logging) in Rails 3

  - by seth.vargo

  Hi, I'm creating a Rails application in which logging individual user actions is vital. Every time a user clicks a url, I want to log the action along with all parameters. Here is my current implementation: class CreateActivityLogs < ActiveRecord::Migration create_table :activity_logs do |t| t.references :user t.string :ip_address t.string :referring_url t.string :current_url t.text :params t.text :action t.timestamps end end   class ActivityLog < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end In a controller, I'd like to be able to do something like the following: ... ActivityLog::log @user.id, params, 'did foo with bar' ... I'd like to have the ActivityLog::log method automatically get the IP address, referring url, and current url (I know how to do this already) and create a new record in the table. So, my questions are: How do I do this? How do I use ActivityLog without having to create an instance everytime I want to log? Is this the best way? Some people have argued for a flat-file log for this kind of logging - however, I want admins to be able to see a user's activity in the backend as well, so I thought a database solution may be better?

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• SharePoint 2010 User Profile Synchronization

  - by manemawanna

  Hello, I'm completely new to working with SharePoint and Windows Server, but last week I was given a small brief to play with SharePoint 2010 to see how I got along with it. Anyway I've set up a SharePoint server and had a mess around to get some new sites and pages created etc, but I'm now looking to have a try at importing some AD groups. As part of this I've look at these tutorials, here and here. So far I've got through to the process of starting the User Profile Service which works fine, but when I get it starting the User Profile Synchronization service it sits on starting. But when I refresh the page or go to the monitoring section it shows it as aborted. Now I'm new to administering servers like I say and when I start the User Profile Synchronization service it tries to run as NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE and asks for a password so I've been providing it with the admin password, now I'm not sure if this is part of the issue or not as I've checked the log files and they seem to say that it doesn't have permissions, which is fair enough, but I can't see how you can change the account even if I wanted to. So if anyone could help it would be appreciated, if you need any further information to help with an answer, just let me know.

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• Deleted, then added user w/ same name, now logs on w/ temp profile

  - by labyrinth

  I am a new admin at a high school lab and am trying to spearhead separation of normal IT accounts from IT admin accounts. I made my normal account (e.g. ITuser) and an admin account (e.g. ITuser-adm) on the server (Win Server 2008 R2). I used both accounts on my my main desktop for about a day, but decided I hadn't set up the admin account correctly. I deleted the my admin account, then made a new one with the same name. The problem is that on my main desktop (Windows 7 Pro), whenever I log in with my admin account, it gives the following errors: Windows has backed up this user profile. Windows will automatically try to use the backup profile the next time this user logs on. (Error 1515) Windows cannot find the local profile and is logging you on with a temporary profile. Changes you make to this profile will be lost when you log off. (Error 1511) This is more of a nuisance than anything for me, I just thought I could use the same name for a user account I'd just deleted since they would have separate SSIDs anyway. If it's less trouble, I could just make a new admin account. Or I could just keep using it as is since I don't need to be saving anything locally anyway and the typical folder redirects work fine. I'm just curious and want to understand what's going on. There are no errors listed regarding the registry.

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• How to add an SSH user to my Ubuntu 12 server to upload PHP files

  - by user229209

  I have an Ubuntu 12 VPS and wanted to create a user account to upload and download my PHP code. So when logged in as root I created a user "chris" and then created a directory /var/www/chris I want "chris" to be able to upload and run files to the /var/www/chris directory. Permissions for the chris dir look like this: drwxrwxr-x 2 root chris 4096 Aug 20 03:35 chris As root I created a sample file called abc.php and put it in the chris dir. It worked fine when I test it in a browser. I logged in as chris and uploaded a file called 1234.php. That did not work. I just got a blank PHP page. The code was identical in both files. So it is not the code. The permissions now look like this: -rw-r--r-- 1 root chris 59 Aug 20 03:34 1234.php -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 Aug 20 03:21 abc.php How do I alow the "chris" user to upload files and get them to work?

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• A Domain Admin user doesn't have effective Administrative rights on a Domain Computer

  - by rwetzeler

  I am a developer who is setting up a virtual domain environment of testing purposes and am having trouble with the setup. I have created a new DC on a new Forest... call it dev.contoso.com. I have setup a virtual internal network for all machines that are going to be apart of this virtual test environment and have given each machine a static IP address in the 192.169.150.0 subnet. I have added machine1.dev.contoso.com to the domain dev.contoso.com. I have also provisioned a user account (adminuser) in the domain and made that user a member of Domain Admins group. Upon logging into machine1 using my newly created Domain Admin account, I cannot access/run any files on machine1. When I go into the advanced permissions for the c:\ folder and goto properties - Security Tab - Advanced - Effective Permissions and search for the dev\adminuser (mentioned above), I get an error saying: Windows can't calculate the effective permissions for admin user What do I need to do to get Administrative rights on Machine1? I am using Server 2008 R2 for both the AD controller and machine1.

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• apache-user & root access

  - by ahmedshaikhm

  I want to develop few scripts in php that will invoke following commands; using exec() function service network restart crontab -u root /xyz/abc/fjs/crontab etc. The issue is that Apache executes script as apache user (I am on CentOS 5), regardless of adding apache into wheel or doing good, the bad and the ugly group assignment does not run commands (as mentioned above). Following are my configurations; My /etc/sudoers root ALL=(ALL) ALL apache ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL As I've tried couple of combination with sudoer & httpd.conf, the recent httpd.conf look something as follows; my httpd.conf User apache Group wheel my PHP script exec("service network start", $a); print_r($a); exec("sudo -u root service network start", $a); print_r($a); Output Array ( [0] => Bringing up loopback interface: [FAILED] [1] => Bringing up interface eth0: [FAILED] [2] => Bringing up interface eth0_1: [FAILED] [3] => Bringing up interface eth1: [FAILED] ) Array ( [0] => Bringing up loopback interface: [FAILED] [1] => Bringing up interface eth0: [FAILED] [2] => Bringing up interface eth0_1: [FAILED] [3] => Bringing up interface eth1: [FAILED] ) Without any surprise, when I invoke restart network services via ssh, using similar user like apache, the command successfully executes. Its all about accessing such commands via HTTP Protocol. I am sure cPanel/Plesk kind of software do use something like sudoer or something and what I am trying to do is basically possible. But I need your help to understand which piece I am missing? Thanks a lot!

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• Failed to generate a user instance of SQL Server

  - by Goondocks

  I'm using Windows 7 Beta and trying to install a web application locally. This web site uses Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express (SQLEXPRESS) and a MDB file in the web site's ~/App_Data folder. I was instructed to configure IIS7 to use Classic .NET AppPool for this web application. Each time the web site loads, I receive the following error: There was an error trying to connect to the Database Server: Failed to generate a user instance of SQL Server due to failure in retrieving the user's local application data path. Please make sure the user has a local user profile on the computer. The connection will be closed. The Internet is packed with articles written on this subject. The prevailing wisdom seems to be: Configure the SQL Express Service to use the Local System account. Delete the following directory: C:\Users\username\AppData\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server Data\SQLEXPRESS Neither of these fixes have made any impact. I have tinkered with permissions and settings for hours to no avail. Can anyone suggest a fix or help me understand how to get more detailed information about the problem.

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• Running Upstart user jobs on startup

  - by dgel

  I am running Ubuntu server 11.04. I have created an Upstart user job as described here. I have the following file at my /home/myuser/.init/sensors.conf: start on started mysql stop on stopping mysql chdir /home/myuser/mydir/project exec /home/myuser/mydir/env/bin/python /home/myuser/mydir/project/manage.py sensors respawn respawn limit 10 90 As myuser I can start, stop, and reload the job fine- it works perfectly: $ start sensors sensors start/running, process 1332 $ stop sensors sensors stop/waiting The problem is that the job is not starting automatically at boot when mysql starts. After a fresh boot, mysql is running but my sensors job is not. What's strange, is that although the job doesn't begin on bootup, if I use sudo to restart mysql it does indeed start my job. The following commands are run as myuser from a fresh startup: $ status sensors sensors stop/waiting $ sudo restart mysql mysql start/running, process 1209 $ status sensors sensors start/running, process 1229 The documentation for Upstart user jobs is pretty limited. What is the correct technique to have a user job start automatically on startup of the system? I know I can just throw something in rc.local to start it, or I could move my sensors.conf to /etc/init but I'm curious if there is a way to do it using just Upstart.

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• SharePoint Business Connectivity Services (BCS) Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'

  - by g18c

  I am running SharePoint 2010 with SQL 2012, I am trying to get Business Connectivity Services (BCS) running but I am facing a double-hope authentication issue. Everytime I try to connect to the external BCS list created in SharePoint designer, I get the error Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. In the event viewer on the SQL server I see a login failure for an anonymous user from the SP server IP address. Background information below: I have enabled Kerberos under SharePoint Central admin. I have the following AD domain accounts: SP_Farm - main website pool SP_Services - for SharePoint services (including BCS) SQL_Engine - SQL database engine I then created the following with SetSPN: SetSPN -S http/intranet mydomain\SP_Farm SetSPN -S http/intranet.mydomain.local mydomain\SP_Farm SetSPN -S SPSvc/SPS mydomain\SP_Farm SetSPN -S MSSQLSvc/SQL1 mydomain\SQL_DatabaseEngine SetSPN -S MSSQLSvc/SQL1.mydomain.local mydomain\SQL_DatabaseEngine SetSPN -S MSSQLSvc/SQL1:1433 mydomain\SQL_DatabaseEngine SetSPN -S MSSQLSvc/SQL1.mydomain.local:1433 mydomain\SQL_DatabaseEngine I then delegated the AD accounts for any authentication protocol to the following: SP_Farm - SP_Farm (http service type, intranet) SP_Farm - SQL_DatabaseEngine (MSSQLSvc, sql1) SP_Service - SP_Service (SPSvc) SP_Service - SQL_DatabaseEngine (MSSQLSvc, sql1) I have also checked the WFE is being logged on to with Kerberos, with the WFE server event log showing event ID 4624 with Kerberos authentication, this is OK. The SQL is also showing connections authenticated as Kerberos from the WFE with the following query: Select s.session_id, s.login_name, s.host_name, c.auth_scheme from sys.dm_exec_connections c inner join sys.dm_exec_sessions s on c.session_id = s.session_id Despite the above, credentials are not passed from the client through the SharePoint server to the SQL server, only the anonymous account is used. I get the following error in the WFE server for 'BusinessData' ID 8080: Could not open connection using 'data source=sql1.mydomain.local;initial catalog=MSCRM;integrated security=SSPI;pooling=true;persist security info=false' in App Domain '/LM/W3SVC/1848937658/ROOT-1-129922939694071446'. The full exception text is: Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. If I set a username and password with the Secure Store Service and set the external list to use the impersonated credentials, the list works. Any ideas what I have missed and what can be tried next?

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• AD User Passwords expiring without any notifications?

  - by scooter133

  We setup password Policies in Active Directory to Expire peoples passwords after so many days. Well it looks like the time has come for the Expiration of the Passwords and people are getting locked out... There has been no warning of user passwords about to expire. They just come in to work and they cannot log in, the phones no longer connect, nothing. Reset the password and all is good. Some of the users are locked out, though most are not, they just cannot log in. On setting the password Expiration, I didn't see anything about nor warning the users of the impending expiration. Seems like it used to warn you 15 days or so before it would expire. Clients range from: WinXP, WinVista, Win7 and Server 2008R2 Remote Desktop Services. How can I make sure my users are warned of the Expiration? Resultant Set of Policy for User that was not prompted: Account Policies/Password Policy Policy Setting Winning GPO Enforce password history 10 passwords remembered Default Domain Policy Maximum password age 270 days Default Domain Policy Minimum password age 0 days Default Domain Policy Minimum password length 4 characters Default Domain Policy Password must meet complexity requirements Disabled Default Domain Policy Store passwords using reversible encryption Disabled Default Domain Policy Account Policies/Account Lockout Policy Policy Setting Winning GPO Account lockout duration 20 minutes Default Domain Policy Account lockout threshold 5 invalid logon attempts Default Domain Policy Reset account lockout counter after 15 minutes Default Domain Policy Local Policies/Audit Policy Policy Setting Winning GPO Audit account logon events Failure Default Domain Policy Audit account management Success, Failure Default Domain Policy Audit directory service access Success, Failure Default Domain Policy Audit logon events Failure Default Domain Policy Audit policy change Success, Failure Default Domain Policy Audit privilege use Failure Default Domain Policy Local Policies/Security Options Interactive Logon Policy Setting Winning GPO Interactive logon: Prompt user to change password before expiration 7 days Default Domain Policy

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• Install IIS on Server 2003 unattended via PowerShell as a service user (no terminal session)

  - by maik

  I've been racking my brain with this for a bit and figured I would ask here to see if anyone could enlighten me. As the title says, I'm trying to install the IIS role on Server 2003 using an unattended install method launched via a service. We're using RightScale and most of what we want to accomplish is pretty straightforward. I created an unattend file for use with sysocmgr.exe: [Components] iis_common = ON iis_www = ON iis_www_vdir_scripts = ON iis_inetmgr = ON fp_extensions = ON iis_ftp = ON And I invoke it like so: sysocmgr.exe /i:%windir%\inf\sysoc.inf /u:C:\path\to\iis-unattend.txt /r /x /q If I run that from a command prompt while logged in as Administrator it works just fine, but if it runs via RightScript (the RightScale user on the server, which is a local admin) it fails somewhere in the middle and the logs I get are rather unhelpful. The thing is I can do this same thing with the SNMP Client (which is a Windows component, not a server role) and it works with no problems while run via the script service user. My best guess is that sysocmgr.exe is expecting a GUI element to be there during the role installation and since the service user has no terminal session it coughs and dies. That's just a wild stab in the dark.

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• Understanding Exchange User Monitor (ExMon) Output

  - by SturdyErde

  I recently downloaded and ran ExMon while trying to troubleshoot Outlook connectivity problems due to high CPU usage on Exchange Server 2010 SP2 UR8. The tool provides a great set of data, but I have not yet figured out how to make great use of it. My first question is why the Exchange Server itself shows up as a high-use MAPI client in the ExMon data. Among the users' client versions I see build numbers listed for Outlook 2013, 2010, and yes, even 2007 clients. I also see build number 14.2.387.0, which represents Exchange Server 2010 SP2 Update Rollup 8 (+/- some other patch that makes it not quite match the UR8 number). There are many user rows that list only "::1" and/or the short hostname of my Exchange server in the 'Client IP Addresses' column. Some other columns include the end-user's actual IP address and the Exchange server's IP address. ExMon shows that it is actually Exchange Server that is utilizing the highest percentage of CPU that is used for MAPI calls. I had expected to see 1 IP address and version number for each user reported by ExMon. Instead, most records show multiple version #'s (Exchange ver and Outlook ver) and multiple IPs (Exchange IP and client IP). Can anyone explain the reason for this to me, please?

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• iptables captive portal remove user

  - by Burgos

  I followed this guide: http://aryo.info/labs/captive-portal-using-php-and-iptables.html I am implementing captive portal using iptables. I've setup web server and iptables on linux router, and everything is working as it should. I can allow user to access internet with sudo iptables -I internet -t mangle -m mac --mac-source USER_MAC_ADDRESS -j RETURN and I can remove access with sudo iptables -D internet -t mangle -m mac --mac-source USER_MAC_ADDRESS -j RETURN However, on removal, user can still open last viewed page as many times he wants (if he restart his Ethernet adapter, future connections will be closed). On blog page I found a script /usr/sbin/conntrack -L \ |grep $1 \ |grep ESTAB \ |grep 'dport=80' \ |awk \ "{ system(\"conntrack -D --orig-src $1 --orig-dst \" \ substr(\$6,5) \" -p tcp --orig-port-src \" substr(\$7,7) \" \ --orig-port-dst 80\"); }" Which should remove their "redirection" connection track, as it is written, but when I execute that script, nothing happens - user still have access to that page. When I execute /usr/sbin/conntrack -L | grep USER_IP after executing script I am having nothing returned, so my questions: Is there anything else that can help me clean these track? Obviously - I can't reset nor mine, nor users network adapter.

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• Migrating Linux user data to Windows profiles automatically

  - by scott ryan

  I have what seems to be an incredibly simple problem with a very simple solution but I'm having some trouble connecting dots. I have an aging server running Ubuntu Server which hosts roaming profiles. I am switching to a Windows Server 2012 DS shortly. Users used to be named firstinitial.lastname and we are switching to firstname.lastname. I need to transfer things like favorites, documents, etc. from the roaming Linux profile to the user's local Windows profile. So, the way I think it'd work is by using a login script. I think I'd use a script to mount the Linux server's /home for each user, then do copy to various paths (documents, pictures, etc.). But, how do I automate this for each user that logs in? I'm working with a nonprofit, so doing this by hand would probably be out of their budget. I'm open to suggestions, though. What I want is basically Windows Easy Migration, but I'm fairly certain that won't work under Wine... (Kidding, I promise). Thanks!

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• Finding the current user authenticated by basic auth (Apache)

  - by jtd

  When you log in through a basic auth page, is the username you authenticated as stored anywhere (on the server or client machine), maybe in an environment variable? Background: I have a common web administration page for an e-mail server and I'd like to know who is doing what. When a user successfully logs in via basic auth, I somehow want to be able to identify them and log their actions. So each time a request is submitted, I can write to a log file. The basic format would be: $username ran a $function against $useraccount so if a user changed someone's permissions, eg: Admin-Bob ran a permission change against User-Scott So if errors occur, I can easily trace back in the log file what actions lead to the cause. I tried checking the %ENV hash to no avail, any Ideas? I don't really want to get into PHP-like sessions, because that would mean scrapping my basic auth, which gives me a fine degree of control already. If I have to code something with sessions, I'd need to implement a system to block users after maximum tries and so on, which I don't really want to code. I think this is better geared towards serverfault because it pertains to Apache moreso than the programming language. Sessions can be done in a myriad of languages.

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• umask seems to vary by user

  - by paullb

  I've got a development Ubuntu system for which I have several users: myself (with full sudo) and about 5 other users. (I've set up the system so everything in this respect is still at its default setting) I'm trying to set the system up so that multiple people can collaborate in a single directory by using grouing and I want the default permissions to be 664. However when some users edit files the permissions were 644. After a lot of investigating most users have a umask (checked at the prompt) of 0002 and when they create files they are 664 (as expected) but there are 2 (myself and one other) who have 0022 umask (so the files that come out are 644 and nobody else can write to them). I've looked everywhere but can't figure out why a couple users wind up with a different umask e.g. there is nothing the .bash_profile or anything like that) Any ideas for the source of the discrepancy? /etc/bashrc if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi /etc/profile if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi EDIT: My (bad) ~/.bashrc # .bashrc # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi # User specific aliases and functions export LANG=en_US.utf8 Other user (good) .bashrc # .bashrc # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi # User specific aliases and functions

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• proftpd initial directory for each user

  - by Dels

  After successfully setting up proftpd server, i want to add initial directory for each users, i have 2 user, webadmin that can access all folder and upload that can only access upload folder ... # Added config DefaultRoot ~ RequireValidShell off AuthUserFile /etc/proftpd/passwd # VALID LOGINS <Limit LOGIN> AllowUser webadmin, upload DenyALL </Limit> <Directory /home/webadmin> <Limit ALL> DenyAll </Limit> <Limit DIRS READ WRITE> AllowUser webadmin </Limit> </Directory> <Directory /home/webadmin/upload> <Limit ALL> DenyAll </Limit> <Limit DIRS READ WRITE> AllowUser upload </Limit> </Directory> All set ok, but i need to tell my ftp client initial directory for each user (otherwise it keep fail to retrieve directory), which i think it should be automatically set for each user (no need to type initial directory in ftp client)

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• Restoring a fresh home folder in a shared user domain environment

  - by Cocoabean

  I am using a tool called pGINA that adds another credential provider to my Windows 7 clients so we can authenticate campus users via campus LDAP. We have the default Windows credential providers setup to authenticate off of our Active Directory, but we have students in our classes that don't have entries in our AD, and we need to know who they are to allow them internet access. Once these LDAP users login using pGINA, they are all redirected to the same AD account, a 'kiosk' account with GPOs in place to prevent anything malicious. My concern is that my users will accidentally save personal login information or files in that shared profile, and another user may login later and have access to a previous user's Gmail account, as the AppData folder on each computer is shared by anyone logging into the kiosk user. I've looked into MS's 'roll-your-own' SteadyState but it didn't seem to have what I wanted. I tried to write a PS script to copy a pre-saved clean version of the profile from a network share, but I just kept running into issues with CredSSP delegation and accessing the share from the UNC path. Others have recommended something like DeepFreeze but I'd like to do it without 3rd party tools if possible.

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• IIS Request Filtering Rule for User Agent

  - by alexp

  I'm trying to block requests from a certain bot. I've added a request filtering rule, but I know it is still hitting the site because it shows up in Google Analytics. Here is the filtering rule I added: <security> <requestFiltering> <filteringRules> <filteringRule name="Block GomezAgent" scanUrl="false" scanQueryString="false"> <scanHeaders> <add requestHeader="User-Agent" /> </scanHeaders> <denyStrings> <add string="GomezAgent+3.0" /> </denyStrings> </filteringRule> </filteringRules> </requestFiltering> </security> This is an example of the user agent I'm trying to block. Mozilla/5.0+(Windows+NT+6.1;+WOW64;+rv:13.0;+GomezAgent+3.0)+Gecko/20100101+Firefox/13.0.1 In some ways it seems to work. If I use Chrome to spoof my user agent, I get a 404, as expected. But the bot traffic is still showing up in my analytics. What am I missing?

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• Limited bandwidth and transfer rates per user.

  - by Cx03

  I searched for a while but couldn't find anything concrete, hopefully someone can help me. I'm going to be running a Debian server on a gigabit port, and want to give each user his/her fair share of internet access. The first objective is easy - transfer rates (speed) per user. From what I've looked at, IPTables/Shorewall could do the job easy. Is this easy to setup, or could one of you point me at a config? I was hoping to limit users at 300mbit or 650mbit each. The second objective gets complicated. Due to the usage of the boxes, most of the traffic will be internal network traffic that does NOT get counted to the quota. However, I still need to limit the external traffic, and if they go over, cut off access (or throttle traffic to a very low speed (10mbit?)). Let's say the user has a 3TB external traffic limit. The IF part is: If the hostname they are exchanging the traffic with DOES NOT MATCH .ovh. or .kimsufi. (company owns multiple TLDs), count to the quota. Once said quota exceeds 3TB, choke them. Where could I find a system to count that for me? It would also need to reset or be able to be manually reset on a monthly basis. Thanks ahead of time!

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• Using Oracle Proxy Authentication with JPA (eclipselink-Style)

  - by olaf.heimburger

  Security is a very intriguing topic. You will find it everywhere and you need to implement it everywhere. Yes, you need. Unfortunately, one can easily forget it while implementing the last mile. The Last Mile In a multi-tier application it is a common practice to use connection pools between the business layer and the database layer. Connection pools are quite useful to speed database connection creation and to split the load. Another very common practice is to use a specific, often called technical, user to connect to the database. This user has authentication and authorization rules that apply to all application users. Imagine you've put every effort to define roles for different types of users that use your application. These roles are necessary to differentiate between normal users, premium users, and administrators (I bet you will find or already have more roles in your application). While these user roles are pretty well used within your application, once the flow of execution enters the database everything is gone. Each and every user just has one role and is the same database user. Issues? What Issues? As long as things go well, this is not a real issue. However, things do not go well all the time. Once your application becomes famous performance decreases in certain situations or, more importantly, current and upcoming regulations and laws require that your application must be able to apply different security measures on a per user role basis at every stage of your application. If you only have a bunch of users with the same name and role you are not able to find the application usage profile that causes the performance issue, or which user has accessed data that he/she is not allowed to. Another thread to your role concept is that databases tend to be used by different applications and tools. These tools can be developer tools like SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, etc. or end user applications like BI Publisher, Oracle Forms and so on. These tools have no idea of your applications role concept and access the database the way they think is appropriate. A big oversight for your perfect role model and a big nightmare for your Chief Security Officer. Speaking of the CSO, brings up another issue: Password management. Once your technical user account is compromised, every user is able to do things that he/she is not expected to do from the design of your application. Counter Measures In the Oracle world a common counter measure is to use Virtual Private Database (VPD). This restricts the values a database user can see to the allowed minimum. However, it doesn't help in regard of a connection pool user, because this one is still not the real user. Oracle Proxy Authentication Another feature of the Oracle database is Proxy Authentication. First introduced with version 9i it is a quite useful feature for nearly every situation. The main idea behind Proxy Authentication is, to create a crippled database user who has only connect rights. Even if this user is compromised the risks are well understood and fairly limited. This user can be used in every situation in which you need to connect to the database, no matter which tool or application (see above) you use.The proxy user is perfect for multi-tier connection pools. CREATE USER app_user IDENTIFIED BY abcd1234; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO app_user; But what if you need to access real data? Well, this is the primary use case, isn't it? Now is the time to bring the application's role concept into play. You define database roles that define the grants for your identified user groups. Once you have these groups you grant access through the proxy user with the application role to the specific user. CREATE ROLE app_role_a; GRANT app_role_a TO scott; ALTER USER scott GRANT CONNECT THROUGH app_user WITH ROLE app_role_a; Now, hr has permission to connect to the database through the proxy user. Through the role you can restrict the hr's rights the are needed for the application only. If hr connects to the database directly all assigned role and permissions apply. Testing the Setup To test the setup you can use SQL*Plus and connect to your database: $ sqlplus app_user[hr]/abcd1234 Java Persistence API The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a fairly easy means to build applications that retrieve data from the database and put it into Java objects. You use plain old Java objects (POJOs) and mixin some Java annotations that define how the attributes of the object are used for storing data from the database into the Java object. Here is a sample for objects from the HR sample schema EMPLOYEES table. When using Java annotations you only specify what can not be deduced from the code. If your Java class name is Employee but the table name is EMPLOYEES, you need to specify the table name, otherwise it will fail. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.io.Serializable; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.NamedQueries; import javax.persistence.NamedQuery; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name = "Employee.findAll", query = "select o from Employee o") }) @Table(name = "EMPLOYEES") public class Employee implements Serializable { @Column(name="COMMISSION_PCT") private Double commissionPct; @Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID") private Long departmentId; @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 25) private String email; @Id @Column(name="EMPLOYEE_ID", nullable = false) private Long employeeId; @Column(name="FIRST_NAME", length = 20) private String firstName; @Column(name="HIRE_DATE", nullable = false) private Timestamp hireDate; @Column(name="JOB_ID", nullable = false, length = 10) private String jobId; @Column(name="LAST_NAME", nullable = false, length = 25) private String lastName; @Column(name="PHONE_NUMBER", length = 20) private String phoneNumber; private Double salary; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "MANAGER_ID") private Employee employee; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee") private List employeeList; public Employee() { } public Employee(Double commissionPct, Long departmentId, String email, Long employeeId, String firstName, Timestamp hireDate, String jobId, String lastName, Employee employee, String phoneNumber, Double salary) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; this.departmentId = departmentId; this.email = email; this.employeeId = employeeId; this.firstName = firstName; this.hireDate = hireDate; this.jobId = jobId; this.lastName = lastName; this.employee = employee; this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; this.salary = salary; } public Double getCommissionPct() { return commissionPct; } public void setCommissionPct(Double commissionPct) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; } public Long getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(Long departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Long getEmployeeId() { return employeeId; } public void setEmployeeId(Long employeeId) { this.employeeId = employeeId; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public Timestamp getHireDate() { return hireDate; } public void setHireDate(Timestamp hireDate) { this.hireDate = hireDate; } public String getJobId() { return jobId; } public void setJobId(String jobId) { this.jobId = jobId; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; } public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) { this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } public Double getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(Double salary) { this.salary = salary; } public Employee getEmployee() { return employee; } public void setEmployee(Employee employee) { this.employee = employee; } public List getEmployeeList() { return employeeList; } public void setEmployeeList(List employeeList) { this.employeeList = employeeList; } public Employee addEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().add(employee); employee.setEmployee(this); return employee; } public Employee removeEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().remove(employee); employee.setEmployee(null); return employee; } } JPA could be used in standalone applications and Java EE containers. In both worlds you normally create a Facade to retrieve or store the values of the Entities to or from the database. The Facade does this via an EntityManager which will be injected by the Java EE container. Here is sample Facade Session Bean for a Java EE container. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import javax.ejb.Local; import javax.ejb.Remote; import javax.ejb.Stateless; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; import javax.persistence.Query; import javax.interceptor.AroundInvoke; import javax.interceptor.InvocationContext; import oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleConnection; import org.eclipse.persistence.config.EntityManagerProperties; import org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerImpl; @Stateless(name = "DataFacade", mappedName = "ProxyUser-TestEJB-DataFacade") @Remote @Local public class DataFacadeBean implements DataFacade, DataFacadeLocal { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "TestEJB") private EntityManager em; private String username; public Object queryByRange(String jpqlStmt, int firstResult, int maxResults) { // setSessionUser(); Query query = em.createQuery(jpqlStmt); if (firstResult 0) { query = query.setFirstResult(firstResult); } if (maxResults 0) { query = query.setMaxResults(maxResults); } return query.getResultList(); } public Employee persistEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); em.persist(employee); return employee; } public Employee mergeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); return em.merge(employee); } public void removeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); employee = em.find(Employee.class, employee.getEmployeeId()); em.remove(employee); } /** select o from Employee o */ public List getEmployeeFindAll() { Query q = em.createNamedQuery("Employee.findAll"); return q.getResultList(); } Putting Both Together To use Proxy Authentication with JPA and within a Java EE container you have to take care of the additional requirements: Use an OCI JDBC driver Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user Use an OCI JDBC driver To use the OCI JDBC driver you need to set up your JDBC data source file to use the correct JDBC URL. hr jdbc:oracle:oci8:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XE))) oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver user app_user 62C32F70E98297522AD97E15439FAC0E SQL SELECT 1 FROM DUAL jdbc/hrDS Application Additionally you need to make sure that the version of the shared libraries of the OCI driver match the version of the JDBC driver in your Java EE container or Java application and are within your PATH (on Windows) or LD_LIBRARY_PATH (on most Unix-based systems). Installing the Oracle Database Instance Client software works perfectly. Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user This part needs some modification of your application software and session facade. Session Facade Changes In the Session Facade we must ensure that every call that goes through the EntityManager must be prepared correctly and uniquely assigned to this session. The second is really important, as the EntityManager works with a connection pool and can not guarantee that we set the proxy user on the connection that will be used for the database activities. To avoid changing every method call of the Session Facade we provide a method to set the username of the user that connects through the proxy user. This method needs to be called by the Facade client bfore doing anything else. public void setUsername(String name) { username = name; } Next we provide a means to instruct the TopLink EntityManager Delegate to use Oracle Proxy Authentication. (I love small helper methods to hide the nitty-gritty details and avoid repeating myself.) private void setSessionUser() { setSessionUser(username); } private void setSessionUser(String user) { if (user != null && !user.isEmpty()) { EntityManagerImpl emDelegate = ((EntityManagerImpl)em.getDelegate()); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.ORACLE_PROXY_TYPE, OracleConnection.PROXYTYPE_USER_NAME); emDelegate.setProperty(OracleConnection.PROXY_USER_NAME, user); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.EXCLUSIVE_CONNECTION_MODE, "Always"); } } The final step is use the EJB 3.0 AroundInvoke interceptor. This interceptor will be called around every method invocation. We therefore check whether the Facade methods will be called or not. If so, we set the user for proxy authentication and the normal method flow continues. @AroundInvoke public Object proxyInterceptor(InvocationContext invocationCtx) throws Exception { if (invocationCtx.getTarget() instanceof DataFacadeBean) { setSessionUser(); } return invocationCtx.proceed(); } Benefits Using Oracle Proxy Authentification has a number of additional benefits appart from implementing the role model of your application: Fine grained access control for temporary users of the account, without compromising the original password. Enabling database auditing and logging. Better identification of performance bottlenecks. References Effective Oracle Database 10g Security by Design, David Knox TopLink Developer's Guide, Chapter 98

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• pam_unix(sshd:session) session opened for user NOT ROOT by (uid=0), then closes immediately using using TortiseSVN

  - by codewaggle

  I'm having problems accessing an SVN repository using TortoiseSVN 1.7.8. The SVN repository is on a CentOS 6.3 box and appears to be functioning correctly. # svnadmin --version # svnadmin, version 1.6.11 (r934486) I can access the repository from another CentOS box with this command: svn list svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest But when I attempt to browse the repository using TortiseSVN from a Win 7 workstation I'm unable to do so using the following path: svn+ssh://[email protected]/var/svn/joetest I'm able to login via SSH from the workstation using Putty. The results are the same if I attempt access as root. I've given ownership of the repository to USER:USER and ran chmod 2700 -R /var/svn/. Because I can access the repository via ssh from another Linux box, permissions don't appear to be the problem. When I watch the log file using tail -fn 2000 /var/log/secure, I see the following each time TortiseSVN asks for the password: Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: Accepted password for USER from xx.xxx.xx.xxx port 59101 ssh2 Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user USER by (uid=0) Sep 26 17:34:31 dev sshd[30361]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user USER I'm actually able to login, but the session is then closed immediately. It caught my eye that the session is being opened for USER by root (uid=0), which may be correct, but I'll mention it in case it has something to do with the problem. I looked into modifying the svnserve.conf, but as far as I can tell, it's not used when accessing the repository via svn+ssh, a private svnserve instance is created for each log in via this method. From the manual: There's still a third way to invoke svnserve, and that's in “tunnel mode”, with the -t option. This mode assumes that a remote-service program such as RSH or SSH has successfully authenticated a user and is now invoking a private svnserve process as that user. The svnserve program behaves normally (communicating via stdin and stdout), and assumes that the traffic is being automatically redirected over some sort of tunnel back to the client. When svnserve is invoked by a tunnel agent like this, be sure that the authenticated user has full read and write access to the repository database files. (See Servers and Permissions: A Word of Warning.) It's essentially the same as a local user accessing the repository via file:/// URLs. The only non-default settings in sshd_config are: Protocol 2 # to disable Protocol 1 SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV ChallengeResponseAuthentication no GSSAPIAuthentication yes GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes UsePAM yes AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS X11Forwarding no Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server Any thoughts?

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