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  • Part 1: What are EBS Customizations?

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    Everything what is not shipped as Oracle standard may be called customization. And very often we differentiate between setup and customization, although setup can also be required when working with customizations.This highlights one of the first challenges, because someone needs to track setup brought over with customizations and this needs to be synchronized with the (standard) setup done manually. This is not only a tracking issue, but also a documentation issue. I will cover this in one of the following blogs in more detail.But back to the topic itself. Mainly our code pieces (java, pl/sql, sql, shell scripts), custom objects (tables, views, packages etc.) and application objects (concurrent programs, lookups, forms, reports, OAF pages etc.) are treated as customizations. In general we define two types: customization by extension and customization by modification. For sure we like to minimize standard code modifications, but sometimes it is just not possible to provide a certain functionality without doing it.Keep in mind that the EBS provides a number of alternatives for modifications, just to mention some:Files in file system    add your custom top before the standard top to the pathBI Publisher Report    add a custom layout and disable the standard layout, automatically yours will be taken.Form /OAF Change    use personalization or substitutionUsing such techniques you are on the safe site regarding standard patches, but for sure a retest is always required!Many customizations are growing over the time, initially it was just one file, but in between we have 5, 10 or 15 files in our customization pack. The more files you have, the more important is the installation order.Last but not least also personalization's are treated as customizations, although you may not use any deployment pack to transfer such personalisation's (but you can). For OAF personalization's you can use iSetup, I have also enabled iSetup to allow Forms personalizations to transport.Interfaces and conversion objects are quite often also categorized as customizations and I promote this decision. Your development standards are related to all these kinds of custom code whether we are exchanging data with users (via form or report) or with other systems (via inbound or outbound interface).To cover all these types of customizations two acronyms have been defined: RICE and CEMLI.RICE = Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, and ExtensionsCEMLI = Customization, Extension, Modification, Localization, IntegrationThe word CEMLI has been introduced by Oracle On Demand and is used within Oracle projects quite often, but also RICE is well known as acronym.It doesn't matter which acronym you are using, the main task here is to classify and categorize your customizations to allow everyone to understand when you talk about RICE- 211, CEMLI XXFI_BAST or XXOM_RPT_030.Side note: Such references are not automatically objects prefixes, but they are often used as such. I plan also to address this point in one other blog.Thank you!Volker

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  • Part 2: The Customization Lifecycle

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    To understand the challenges when working with Customizations better, please allow me to explain my understanding from the Customization Lifecycle.  The starting point is the functional GAP list. Any GAP can lead to a customization (but not have to). The decision is driven by priority, gain, costs, future functionality, accepted workarounds etc. Let's assume the customization has been accepted as such - including estimation. (Otherwise this blog would not have any value)Now the customization life-cycle starts and could look like this:-    Functional specification-    Technical specification-    Technical development-    Functional setup-    Module Test-    System Test-    Integration Test (if required)-    Acceptance Test-    Production mode-    Usage-    10 x Rework-    10 x Retest -    2 x Upgrade-    2 x Upgrade Test-    Usage-    10 x Rework-    10 x Retest -    1 x Upgrade-    1 x Upgrade Test-    Usage-    Review for Retirement-    Accepted Retirement-    De-installationWhat I like to highlight herewith is that any material and documentation you create upfront or during the first phases will usually be used multiple times, partial or complete, will be enhanced, reviewed, retested. The better the quality right from the beginning is, the better we can perform the next steps.What I see very often is the wish to remove a customization, our customers are upgrading and they like to get at least some of the customizations replaced with standard functionality. To be able to support this process best, the customization documentation should contain at least the following key information: What is/are the business process(es) where this customization is used or linked to?Who was involved in the different customization phases?What are the objects comprising the customization?What is the setup necessary for the customization?What setup comes with the customization, what has to be done via other tools or manually?What are the test steps and test results (in all test areas)?What are linked customizations? What is the customization complexity?How is this customization classified?Which technologies were used?How many days were needed to create/test/upgrade the customization?Etc.If all this is available, a replacement / retirement can be done much more efficient and precise, or an estimation and upgrade itself can be executed with much better support.In the following blog entries I will explain in more detail why we suggest tracking such information, by whom this task shall be done and how.Volker Eckardt

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  • Part 9: EBS Customizations, how to track

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    In the previous blogs we were concentrating on the preparation tasks. We have defined standards, we know about the tools and techniques we will start with. Additionally, we have defined the modification strategy, and how to handle such topics best. Now we are ready to take the requirements! Such requirements coming over in spreadsheets, word files (like GAP documents), or in any other format. As we have to assign some attributes, we start numbering all that and assign a short name to each of these requirements (=CEMLI reference). We may also have already a Functional person assigned, and we might involve someone from the tech team to estimate, and we like to assign a status such as 'planned', 'estimated' etc. All these data are usually kept in spreadsheets, but I would put them into a database (yes, I am from Oracle :). If you don't have any good looking and centralized application already, please give a try with Oracle APEX. It should be up and running in a day and the imported sheets are than manageable concurrently!  For one of my clients I have created this CEMLI-DB; in between enriched with a lot of additional functionality, but initially it was just a simple centralized CEMLI tracking application. Why I am pointing out again the centralized method to manage such data? Well, your data quality will dramatically increase, if you let your project members see (also review and update) "your" data.  APEX allows you to filter, sort, print, and also export. And if you can spend some time to define proper value lists, everyone will gain from. APEX allows you to work in 'agile' mode, means you can improve your application step by step. Let's say you like to reference a document, or even upload the same, you can do that. Or, you need to classify the CEMLIs by release, just add this release field, same for business area or CEMLI type. One CEMLI record may then look like this: Prepare one or two (online) reports, to be ready to present your "workload" to the project management. Use such extracts also when you work offline (to prioritize etc.). But as soon as you are again connected, feed the data back into the central application. Note: I have combined this application with an additional issue tracker.  Here the most important element is the CEMLI reference, which acts as link to any other application (if you are not using APEX also as issue tracker :).  Please spend a minute to define such a reference (see blog Part 8: How to name Customizations).   Summary: Building the bridge from Gap analyse to the development has to be done in a controlled way. Usually the information is provided differently, but it is suggested to collect all requirements centrally. Oracle APEX is a great solution to enter and maintain such information in a structured, but flexible way. APEX helped me a lot to work with distributed development teams during the complete development cycle.

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  • Part 3: Customization Strategy or how long does it take

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    The previous part in this blog should have made us aware, that many procedures are required to manage all these steps. To review your status let me ask you a question:What is your Customization Strategy?Your answer might be something like, 'customization strategy, well, we have standards and we let requirement documents approve'.Let me ask you another question:How long does it take to redeploy all your customizations into a fresh installation?In 90% of all installations the answer to this question would be: we can't!Although no one would have to do it (hopefully), just thinking about it and recognizing that we have today too many manual steps involved, different procedures and sometimes (undocumented) manual steps to complete a customization installation. And ... in general too many customizations.Why is working with customizations often so complicated and time consuming?Here are the key reasons as I have identified them in my projects:Customization standards defined, but not maintainedDifferent knowledge on developer side (results getting an individual developer touch)No need to automate deployment (not forced by client)Different documentation styles, not easy to hand over to someone elseDifferent development concepts, difficult for the maintenanceJust the minimum present for testing, often positive testing onlyDeviations from naming conventions accepted, although definedComplicated procedures, therefore sometimes partially ignoredAnd last but not least, hand made version control (still)If you would have to 'redeploy all your customizations' you would have to Follow all your own standards and best practiceTrack deviations and define corrective tasksAutomate as much as possible, minimize manual tasksDo not allow any change coming in without version controlUtilize products to support you in deploymentMinimize hand made scripts and extensive documentationReview regularly used techniques to guarantee that all are in line with the current release and also easy maintainableCreate solution libraries and force the team to contribute and reuseDefine quality activities and execute themDefine a procedure to release customizationsI know, it is easy to write down, but much harder to manage. Will provide some guidelines in my next blog.Volker

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  • Concatenate Gridview Data

    - by zahid mahmood
    I have a gridview with following Data CustomerName item qty tom sugar 1 kg Peter Rice 2 Kg Jhone Sugar .5 kg tom Rice 5 Kg Peter Tea .5 Kg tom Tea 1 kg now I want to display data with the following format: tom sugar 1kg, Rice 5 kg, Tea 1 kg Peter Rice 1kg, Tea .5 kg Jhone Sugar .5kg how to achieve this

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  • What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System?

    In order to understand what an Enterprise Resource Planning System is let us look at a classic American kids snack, the Rice Krispy Treat if we conceptually view the treat as a company’s internal applications as a whole.  Furthermore we can view a company’s departmentalized software applications as the theoretical Rice Krispies in the treat. In addition, the Rice Krispies consist of a combination of ingredients that be broken down into data, user interfaces and business logic. Next, we have the margarine or butter that is used to help the marshmallows bind with the Rice Krispies; this role in our conceptual view is taken by a data source typically as a relational database management system. Finally we have the melted marshmallows which act as the ERP software that connects all of the individual departmental software applications in to one unified system that allows all user one unified system to interact with all of the individual dispersed systems. An example of this would be if a customer places an order with a telephone operator and once the orders is processed an employee in the shipping department can see the order ready for fulfillment on his order screen. The ERP acts a go between for various independent departmental systems so that they can integrate with one another.

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  • Rewriting from headers in Postfix

    - by inxilpro
    I want to configure Postfix to replace the 'From' header in all forwarded/aliased messages with a custom email address, and the 'Reply-To' header with the original sender's address. Is that something that can be done with a simple configuration change, or am I looking at a more complex problem? For example: Original Message: From: "John Smith" <[email protected]> To: "Jane Rice" <[email protected]> Would get translated to: From: "My Email Forwarding Service" <[email protected]> Reply-To: "John Smith" <[email protected]> To: "Jane Rice" <[email protected]> Ideally, I would also have it rewrite the message body (adding something about how the message was forwarded for them), but I know that's much more difficult. We have a number of email aliases, and everytime someone reports spam they received through their alias, our server gets flagged. I'm trying to minimize that damage as much as possible. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • How to future-proof my touch-enabled web application?

    - by Rice Flour Cookies
    I recently went out and purchased a touch-screen monitor with the intention of learning how to program touch-enabled web applications. I had reviewed the MDN documentation about touch events, as well as the W3C specification. To get started, I wrote a very short test page with two event handlers: one for the mousedown event and one for the touchstart event. I fired up the web page in IE and touched the document and found that only the mousedown event fired. I saw the same behavior with Firefox, only to find out later that Firefox can be set to enable the touchstart event using about:config. When touch events are enabled, the touchstart event fires, but not mousedown. Chrome was even stranger: it fired both events when I touched the document: touchstart and mousedown, in that order. Only on my Android phone does it appear to be the case that only the touchstart event fires when I touch the document. I did a a Google search and ended up on two interesting pages. First, I found the page on CanIUse for touch events: http://caniuse.com/#feat=touch Can I Use clearly indicates that IE does not support touch events as of this writing, and Firefox only supports touch events if they are manually enabled. Furthermore, all four browsers I mentioned treat the touch in a completely different way. It boils down to this: IE: simulated mouse click Firefox with touch disabled: simulated mouse click Firefox with touch enabled: touch event Chrome: touch event and simulated mouse click Android: touch event What is more frustrating is that Google also found a Microsoft page called RethinkIE. RethinkIE brags about touch support in IE; as a matter of fact, one of their slogans is "Touch the Web". It links to a number of touch-based application. I followed some of these links, and as best I can tell, it's just like CanIUse described; no proper touch support; just simulated mouse clicks. The MDN (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Touch) and W3C (http://www.w3.org/TR/touch-events/) documentation describe a far richer interface; an interface that doesn't just simulate mouse clicks, but keeps track of multiple touches at once, the contact area, rotation, and force of each touch, and unique identifiers for each touch so that they can be tracked individually. I don't see how simulated mouse clicks can ever touch the above described functionality, which, once again, is part of the W3C specification, although it is listed as "non-normative", meaning that a browser can claim to be standards-compliant without implementing it. (Why bother making it part of the standard, then?) What motivated my research is that I've written an HTML5 application that doesn't work on Android because Android doesn't fire mouse events. I'm now afraid to try to implement touch for my application because the browsers all behave so differently. I imagine that at some time in the future, the browsers might start handling touch similarly, but how can I tell how they might be handled in the future short of writing code to handle the behavior of each individual browser? Is it possible to write code today that will work with touch-enabled browsers for years to come? If so, how?

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  • What is the difference between "contracting" and "consulting"? [closed]

    - by Rice Flour Cookies
    Possible Duplicate: Contractor vs Consultant I read a discussion thread on Slashdot the other day where some developers were discussing taking on "consulting" and "contracting" jobs. My understanding is that both of these terms imply an individual selling his services as a programmer on his own terms as opposed to working for an employer. What is the difference between these two: "consulting" and "contracting"?

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  • Can't use laptop display?

    - by Ian Rice
    I've just installed Ubuntu 11.10 with a LiveCD. During the installation, nothing was shown on screen unless I plugged in an external monitor. Same thing happens within Ubuntu. I have an Emachines E525. Could this just be a backlight issue or something? It works fine on Windows though. If anyone could help, that'd be great. Please explain everything throughly if you can though, I'm new to all of this.

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  • Compiz Fusion And Unity Tool

    - by David Michael Rice
    I tried to install compiz fusion on ubuntu studio 13 and all I got was this Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: compiz-fusion-plugins-extra:i386 : Depends: compiz-core:i386 but it is not going to be installed Depends: compiz-fusion-plugins-main:i386 but it is not going to be installed Recommends: compizconfig-settings-manager:i386 but it is not going to be installed compiz-gnome : Depends: libcompizconfig0 but it is not going to be installed compizconfig-settings-manager : Depends: python-compizconfig (>= 1:0.9.9~daily13.04.18.1~13.04-0ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed libcompizconfig-backend-gconf:i386 : Depends: libcompizconfig0:i386 but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. david@Nebuchadnezzar:~$ Also I installed Unity tweak tool through the software center, and now I cannot find it at all, not even in search apps. I feel like every time I try to install something I have to jump through flaming hoops...

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  • What is the proper jargon to refer to a variable wrapped inside a function closure?

    - by Rice Flour Cookies
    In JavaScript, there is no such thing as a "private" variable. In order to achieve encapsulation and information hiding in JavaScript, I can wrap a variable inside a function closure, like so: var counter = (function() { var i = 0; var fn = {}; fn.increment = function() { i++; }; fn.get = function() { return i; }; return fn; {)(); counter.increment(); counter.increment(); alert(counter.get()); // alerts '2' Since I don't call i a private variable in JavaScript, what do I call it?

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  • Is there any research about daily differences in productivity by the same programmer?

    - by Rice Flour Cookies
    There has been a flurry of activity on the internet discussing a huge difference between the productivity of the best programmers versus the productivity of the worst. Here's a typical Google result when researching this topic: http://www.devtopics.com/programmer-productivity-the-tenfinity-factor/ I've been wondering if there has been any research or serious discussion about differences in day-to-day productivity by the same programmer. I think that personally, there is a huge variance in how much I can get done on a day by day basis, so I was wondering if anyone else feels the same way or has done any research.

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  • Theoretically bug-free programs

    - by user2443423
    I have read lot of articles which state that code can't be bug-free, and they are talking about these theorems: Halting problem Gödel's incompleteness theorem Rice's theorem Actually Rice's theorem looks like an implication of the halting problem and the halting problem is in close relationship with Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Does this imply that every program will have at least one unintended behavior? Or does it mean that it's not possible to write code to verify it? What about recursive checking? Let's assume that I have two programs. Both of them have bugs, but they don't share the same bug. What will happen if I run them concurrently? And of course most of discussions talked about Turing machines. What about linear-bounded automation (real computers)?

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  • Browsing Bombs After a Short While

    - by Peder Rice
    After a reboot, my internet connection lasts perhaps a half hour or so before tanking. I can ping (by both IP and hostname), but I cannot browse. If I restart the "Network Store Interface Service", my connection comes back. What could be failing with that service or its dependent services that would kill my ability to browse? For some system info, I'm using a Sony Vaio with a fully-patched Windows Vista install and with an Intel 3945ABG wireless adapter.

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  • Form-Fitting Laptop Hard Drive?

    - by Peder Rice
    Not sure how to explain this exactly... if you need me to clarify, please add a comment and I'll address it. I'm looking for a USB hard drive that conforms to a laptop. Perhaps something that can be plugged in and carried around, tossed into a backpack without fear of ruining the connector or accidentally coming unplugged. Has anyone seen a hard drive like this?

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  • Ping bind errors in Operations Manager 2007

    - by Andrew Rice
    I am having an issue in SCOM 2007 R2. I am routinely getting the following errors: Failed to ping or bind to the RID Master FSMO role holder. The default gateway is not pingable. Failed to ping or bind to the Infrastructure Master FSMO role holder. The default gateway is not pingable. Failed to ping or bind to the Domain Naming Master FSMO role holder. The default gateway is not pingable. Failed to ping of bind to the Schema Master FSMO role holder. The default gateway is not pingable. The weird thing about these errors if I log into the server in question or if I log in to the SCOM server I can ping everything just fine. To top it all off the server in question is the role holder for 2 of the roles it is complaining about (RID and Infrastructure). Any thoughts as to what might be going on?

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  • Importing from CSV and sorting by Date

    - by Andrew Rice
    I have the following script that parses an HR output file looking for employees and outputs information such as Hire Dare, First Name, Last Name, Supervisor etc. The problem I have is that in the current format I think the Hire Date column is being treated as a string so in effect it orders the output by month (i.e. 1/1/01 comes before 2/2/98). Is there a way to map that column to a date/time so it sorts properly? Import-CSV -delimiter "`t" Output.tab | Where-Object {$_.'First Nae' -like '*And*'} | Sort-Object 'Hire Date' | ft 'Hire Date', 'First Name'

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  • Ping results "echo'd" out to a text file on Windows XP machine has unusual character rather than the outcome

    - by Richard Rice
    Here is the situation. I have a Windows XP machine that I would like to ping another machine and send the output to a text file for review at a later date. This is quite a standard question with several answers on this website and others. The issue I have is that when reviewing the txt file afterwards, the outcome of the ping appears as a strange character. A screenshot of the text file output can be found at the following link. Please note its the first 8 ping outputs that have a strange character. The %%B was me hoping that would output what I wanted! (Cannot upload image to any hosting websites because the company I work for seems to be afraid of them ....) Here is the code I'm using: @echo off For /f "tokens=1-2 delims=/:" %%b in ("%TIME%") do (set mytime=%%a%%b) PING 1.1.1.1 -n 1 -w 1000 >NUL for /f "tokens=*" %%A in ('ping 192.168.5.2 -w 10 -n 1') do (echo %date% %time% %%A >> C:\Temp\Ping_Checks\GarrickSide.txt && GOTO Ping ) :Ping PING 1.1.1.1 -n 1 -w 1000 >NUL for /f "tokens=* skip=2" %%A in ('ping 192.168.5.2 -w 10 -n 1') do (echo %date% %time% %%A >> C:\Temp\Ping_Checks\GarrickSide.txt && GOTO Ping ) This code works fine on a Windows 7 machine, but not on a Windows XP machine. It appears that the echo command isn't outputting the right data, but I don't understand this enough to correct it. Can anyone spot where I'm going wrong?

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  • How can "set timestamp" be a slow query?

    - by Peder
    My slow query log is full of entries like the following # Query_time: 1.016361 Lock_time: 0.000000 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 0 SET timestamp=1273826821; COMMIT; I guess the set timestamp command is issued by replication but I don't understand how set timestamp can take over a second. Any ideas?

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  • T-SQL: Build Nested Set From Parent-Child Relationship

    - by Peder Rice
    I have a table that stores my Customer hierarchy with a nested set (due to the specific design of the application, I wasn't able to leverage just a Customer/Parent Customer mapping table). To simplify maintenance of this table, I've built a couple of stored procedures to handle moving nodes around and creating new nodes, but it's significantly more work than maintaining a Customer/Parent Customer table. Further, these structures are very fragile. So I'm looking for a way to have a Customer/Parent Customer table and then convert that table to a nested set on demand. Does anyone have a link to such an implementation?

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  • HTML form requirements specification

    - by Peder
    I am building a framework that will validate forms both client-side (javascript) and server-side based on a form requirements specification written in json. The purpose is to get rid of logically equivalent code on the server and client to make the code more maintainable, faster to write, and less buggy. The specification format may look something like: { '&lt;field_name>' : ['&lt;validation_function>', 'req', ['&lt;requirement>', &lt;param>], ...], ... } ( the requirement list is ordered so that the user can get most basic error messages first, the 'req' requirement must come first if it exists and means that the field is required) e.g.) { 'name' : ['string', 'req', ['min',6], ['max',150], ['match', /^[\sa-z0-9ÅÄÖåäö&]$/i], ['not_match', /^tmp_/]], 'email' : ['email', 'req'], 'email_confirm' : ['same_as', 'email'], 'password' : ['string', 'req', ['min', 6], ['max', 64], ['match', /^[a-z0-9\!@#\$%^&*_+.]$/i] ], } Does anyone know of a similar technology? I think the Rails validation framework solves the problem on the wrong level because I have found that forms often operate on more than one model.

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  • Ingredient Substitutes while Baking

    - by Rekha
    In our normal cooking, we substitute the vegetables for the gravies we prepare. When we start baking, we look for a good recipe. At least one or two ingredient will be missing. We do not know where to substitute what to bring same output. So we finally drop the plan of baking. Again after a month, we get the interest in baking. Again one or two lack of ingredient and that’s it. We keep on doing this for months. When I was going through the cooking blogs, I came across a site with the Ingredient Substitutes for Baking: (*) is to indicate that this substitution is ideal from personal experience. Flour Substitutes ( For 1 cup of Flour) All Purpose Flour 1/2 cup white cake flour plus 1/2 cup whole wheat flour 1 cup self-rising flour (omit using salt and baking powder if the recipe calls for it since self raising flour has it already) 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons cake flour 1/2 cup (75 grams) whole wheat flour 7/8 cup (130 grams) rice flour (starch) (do not replace all of the flour with the rice flour) 7/8 cup whole wheat Bread Flour 1 cup all purpose flour 1 cup all purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten (*) Cake Flour Place 2 tbsp cornstarch in 1 cup and fill the rest up with All Purpose flour (*) 1 cup all purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons Pastry flour Place 2 tbsp cornstarch in 1 cup and fill the rest up with All Purpose flour Equal parts of All purpose flour plus cake flour (*) Self-rising Flour 1½ teaspoons of baking powder plus ½ teaspoon of salt plus 1 cup of all-purpose flour. Cornstarch (1 tbsp) 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour 1 tablespoon arrowroot 4 teaspoons quick-cooking tapioca 1 tablespoon potato starch or rice starch or flour Tapioca (1 tbsp) 1 – 1/2 tablespoons all-purpose flour Cornmeal (stone ground) polenta OR corn flour (gives baked goods a lighter texture) if using cornmeal for breading,crush corn chips in a blender until they have the consistency of cornmeal. maize meal Corn grits Sweeteners ( for Every 1 cup ) * * (HV) denotes Healthy Version for low fat or fat free substitution in Baking Light Brown Sugar 2 tablespoons molasses plus 1 cup of white sugar Dark Brown Sugar 3 tablespoons molasses plus 1 cup of white sugar Confectioner’s/Powdered Sugar Process 1 cup sugar plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch Corn Syrup 1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup water 1 cup Golden Syrup 1 cup honey (may be little sweeter) 1 cup molasses Golden Syrup Combine two parts light corn syrup plus one part molasses 1/2 cup honey plus 1/2 cup corn syrup 1 cup maple syrup 1 cup corn syrup Honey 1- 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup water 3/4 cup maple syrup plus 1/2 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup corn syrup plus 1/2 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup light molasses plus 1/2 cup granulated white sugar 1 1/4 cups granulated white or brown sugar plus 1/4 cup additional liquid in recipe plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar Maple Syrup 1 cup honey,thinned with water or fruit juice like apple 3/4 cup corn syrup plus 1/4 cup butter 1 cup Brown Rice Syrup 1 cup Brown sugar (in case of cereals) 1 cup light molasses (on pancakes, cereals etc) 1 cup granulated sugar for every 3/4 cup of maple syrup and increase liquid in the recipe by 3 tbsp for every cup of sugar.If baking soda is used, decrease the amount by 1/4 teaspoon per cup of sugar substituted, since sugar is less acidic than maple syrup Molasses 1 cup honey 1 cup dark corn syrup 1 cup maple syrup 3/4 cup brown sugar warmed and dissolved in 1/4 cup of liquid ( use this if taste of molasses is important in the baked good) Cocoa Powder (Natural, Unsweetened) 3 tablespoons (20 grams) Dutch-processed cocoa plus 1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar, lemon juice or white vinegar 1 ounce (30 grams) unsweetened chocolate (reduce fat in recipe by 1 tablespoon) 3 tablespoons (20 grams) carob powder Semisweet baking chocolate (1 oz) 1 oz unsweetened baking chocolate plus 1 Tbsp sugar Unsweetened baking chocolate (1 oz ) 3 Tbsp baking cocoa plus 1 Tbsp vegetable oil or melted shortening or margarine Semisweet chocolate chips (1 cup) 6 oz semisweet baking chocolate, chopped (Alternatively) For 1 cup of Semi sweet chocolate chips you can use : 6 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder, 7 tablespoons sugar ,1/4 cup fat (butter or oil) Leaveners and Diary * * (HV) denotes Healthy Version for low fat or fat free substitution in Baking Compressed Yeast (1 cake) 1 envelope or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast 1 packet (1/4 ounce) Active Dry yeast 1 cake fresh compressed yeast 1 tablespoon fast-rising active yeast Baking Powder (1 tsp) 1/3 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar 1/2 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or plain yogurt 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/3 cup molasses. When using the substitutions that include liquid, reduce other liquid in recipe accordingly Baking Soda(1 tsp) 3 tsp Baking Powder ( and reduce the acidic ingredients in the recipe. Ex Instead of buttermilk add milk) 1 tsp potassium bicarbonate Ideal substitution – 2 tsp Baking powder and omit salt in recipe Cream of tartar (1 tsp) 1 teaspoon white vinegar 1 tsp lemon juice Notes from What’s Cooking America – If cream of tartar is used along with baking soda in a cake or cookie recipe, omit both and use baking powder instead. If it calls for baking soda and cream of tarter, just use baking powder.Normally, when cream of tartar is used in a cookie, it is used together with baking soda. The two of them combined work like double-acting baking powder. When substituting for cream of tartar, you must also substitute for the baking soda. If your recipe calls for baking soda and cream of tarter, just use baking powder. One teaspoon baking powder is equivalent to 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar. If there is additional baking soda that does not fit into the equation, simply add it to the batter. Buttermilk (1 cup) 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar (white or cider) plus enough milk to make 1 cup (let stand 5-10 minutes) 1 cup plain or low fat yogurt 1 cup sour cream 1 cup water plus 1/4 cup buttermilk powder 1 cup milk plus 1 1/2 – 1 3/4 teaspoons cream of tartar Plain Yogurt (1 cup) 1 cup sour cream 1 cup buttermilk 1 cup crème fraiche 1 cup heavy whipping cream (35% butterfat) plus 1 tablespoon freshly squeezed lemon juice Whole Milk (1 cup) 1 cup fat free milk plus 1 tbsp unsaturated Oil like canola (HV) 1 cup low fat milk (HV) Heavy Cream (1 cup) 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup melted butter.(whipping wont work) Sour Cream (1 cup) (pls refer also Substitutes for Fats in Baking below) 7/8 cup buttermilk or sour milk plus 3 tablespoons butter. 1 cup thickened yogurt plus 1 teaspoon baking soda. 3/4 cup sour milk plus 1/3 cup butter. 3/4 cup buttermilk plus 1/3 cup butter. Cooked sauces: 1 cup yogurt plus 1 tablespoon flour plus 2 teaspoons water. Cooked sauces: 1 cup evaporated milk plus 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice. Let stand 5 minutes to thicken. Dips: 1 cup yogurt (drain through a cheesecloth-lined sieve for 30 minutes in the refrigerator for a thicker texture). Dips: 1 cup cottage cheese plus 1/4 cup yogurt or buttermilk, briefly whirled in a blender. Dips: 6 ounces cream cheese plus 3 tablespoons milk,briefly whirled in a blender. Lower fat: 1 cup low-fat cottage cheese plus 1 tablespoon lemon juice plus 2 tablespoons skim milk, whipped until smooth in a blender. Lower fat: 1 can chilled evaporated milk whipped with 1 teaspoon lemon juice. 1 cup plain yogurt plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch 1 cup plain nonfat yogurt Substitutes for Fats in Baking * * (HV) denoted Healthy Version for low fat or fat free substitution in Baking Butter (1 cup) 1 cup trans-free vegetable shortening 3/4 cups of vegetable oil (example. Canola oil) Fruit purees (example- applesauce, pureed prunes, baby-food fruits). Add it along with some vegetable oil and reduce any other sweeteners needed in the recipe since fruit purees are already sweet. 1 cup polyunsaturated margarine (HV) 3/4 cup polyunsaturated oil like safflower oil (HV) 1 cup mild olive oil (not extra virgin)(HV) Note: Butter creates the flakiness and the richness which an oil/purees cant provide. If you don’t want to compromise that much to taste, replace half the butter with the substitutions. Shortening(1 cup) 1 cup polyunsaturated margarine like Earth Balance or Smart Balance(HV) 1 cup + 2tbsp Butter ( better tasting than shortening but more expensive and has cholesterol and a higher level of saturated fat; makes cookies less crunchy, bread crusts more crispy) 1 cup + 2 tbsp Margarine (better tasting than shortening but more expensive; makes cookies less crunchy, bread crusts tougher) 1 Cup – 2tbsp Lard (Has cholesterol and a higher level of saturated fat) Oil equal amount of apple sauce stiffly beaten egg whites into batter equal parts mashed banana equal parts yogurt prune puree grated raw zucchini or seeds removed if cooked. Works well in quick breads/muffins/coffee cakes and does not alter taste pumpkin puree (if the recipe can handle the taste change) Low fat cottage cheese (use only half of the required fat in the recipe). Can give rubbery texture to the end result Silken Tofu – (use only half of the required fat in the recipe). Can give rubbery texture to the end result Equal parts of fruit juice Note: Fruit purees can alter the taste of the final product is used in large quantities. Cream Cheese (1 cup) 4 tbsps. margarine plus 1 cup low-fat cottage cheese – blended. Add few teaspoons of fat-free milk if needed (HV) Heavy Cream (1 cup) 1 cup evaporated skim milk (or full fat milk) 1/2 cup low fat Yogurt plus 1/2 low fat Cottage Cheese (HV) 1/2 cup Yogurt plus 1/2 Cottage Cheese Sour Cream (1 cup) 1 cup plain yogurt (HV) 3/4 cup buttermilk or plain yogurt plus 1/3 cup melted butter 1 cup crème fraiche 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough whole milk to fill 1 cup (let stand 5-10 minutes) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese plus 1/2 cup low-fat or nonfat yogurt (HV) 1 cup fat-free sour cream (HV) Note: How to Make Maple Syrup Substitute at home For 1 Cup Maple Syrup 1/2 cup granulated sugar 1 cup brown sugar, firmly packed 1 cup boiling water 1 teaspoon butter 1 teaspoon maple extract or vanilla extract Method In a heavy saucepan, place the granulated sugar and keep stirring until it melts and turns slightly brown. Alternatively in another pan, place brown sugar and water and bring to a boil without stirring. Now mix both the sugars and simmer in low heat until they come together as one thick syrup. Remove from heat, add butter and the extract. Use this in place of maple syrup. Store it in a fridge in an air tight container. Even though this was posted in their site long back, I found it helpful. So posting it for you. via chefinyou . cc image credit: flickr/zetrules

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