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• How should I generate the partitions / pairs for the Chinese Postman problem?

  - by Simucal

  I'm working on a program for class that involves solving the Chinese Postman problem. Our assignment only requires us to write a program to solve it for a hard-coded graph but I'm attempting to solve it for the general case on my own. The part that is giving me trouble is generating the partitions of pairings for the odd vertices. For example, if I had the following labeled odd verticies in a graph: 1 2 3 4 5 6 I need to find all the possible pairings / partitions I can make with these vertices. I've figured out I'll have i paritions given: n = num of odd verticies k = n / 2 i = ((2k)(2k-1)(2k-2)...(k+1))/2 So, given the 6 odd verticies above, we will know that we need to generate i = 15 partitions. The 15 partions would look like: 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 5 4 6 1 2 3 6 4 5 ... 1 6 ... Then, for each partition, I take each pair and find the shortest distance between them and sum them for that partition. The partition with the total smallest distance between its pairs is selected, and I then double all the edges between the shortest path between the odd vertices (found in the selected partition). These represent the edges the postman will have to walk twice. At first I thought I had worked out an appropriate algorithm for generating these partitions / pairs but it is flawed. I found it wasn't a simple permutation/combination problem. Does anyone who has studied this problem before have any tips that can help point me in the right direction for generating these partitions?

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• Multithreading 2D gravity calculations

  - by Postman

  I'm building a space exploration game and I've currently started working on gravity ( In C# with XNA). The gravity still needs tweaking, but before I can do that, I need to address some performance issues with my physics calculations. This is using 100 objects, normally rendering 1000 of them with no physics calculations gets well over 300 FPS (which is my FPS cap), but any more than 10 or so objects brings the game (and the single thread it runs on) to its knees when doing physics calculations. I checked my thread usage and the first thread was killing itself from all the work, so I figured I just needed to do the physics calculation on another thread. However when I try to run the Gravity.cs class's Update method on another thread, even if Gravity's Update method has nothing in it, the game is still down to 2 FPS. Gravity.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { Vector2 Force = new Vector2(); foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { if (e2.Key != e.Key) { float distance = Vector2.Distance(entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position, entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position); if (distance > (entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Texture.Width / 2 + entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Texture.Width / 2)) { double angle = Math.Atan2(entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position.Y - entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position.Y, entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position.X - entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position.X); float mult = 0.1f * (entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Mass * entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Mass) / distance * distance; Vector2 VecForce = new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(angle), (float)Math.Sin(angle)); VecForce.Normalize(); Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); } } } entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position += Force; } } Yeah, I know. It's a nested foreach loop, but I don't know how else to do the gravity calculation, and this seems to work, it's just so intensive that it needs its own thread. (Even if someone knows a super efficient way to do these calculations, I'd still like to know how I COULD do it on multiple threads instead) EntityEngine.cs (manages an instance of Gravity.cs) public class EntityEngine { public Dictionary<string, Entity> Entities = new Dictionary<string, Entity>(); public Gravity gravity; private Thread T; public EntityEngine() { gravity = new Gravity(this); } public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { Entities[e.Key].Update(); } T = new Thread(new ThreadStart(gravity.Update)); T.IsBackground = true; T.Start(); } } EntityEngine is created in Game1.cs, and its Update() method is called within Game1.cs. I need my physics calculation in Gravity.cs to run every time the game updates, in a separate thread so that the calculation doesn't slow the game down to horribly low (0-2) FPS. How would I go about making this threading work? (any suggestions for an improved Planetary Gravity system are welcome if anyone has them) I'm also not looking for a lesson in why I shouldn't use threading or the dangers of using it incorrectly, I'm looking for a straight answer on how to do it. I've already spent an hour googling this very question with little results that I understood or were helpful. I don't mean to come off rude, but it always seems hard as a programming noob to get a straight meaningful answer, I usually rather get an answer so complex I'd easily be able to solve my issue if I understood it, or someone saying why I shouldn't do what I want to do and offering no alternatives (that are helpful). Thank you for the help!

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• Increasing efficiency of N-Body gravity simulation

  - by Postman

  I'm making a space exploration type game, it will have many planets and other objects that will all have realistic gravity. I currently have a system in place that works, but if the number of planets goes above 70, the FPS decreases an practically exponential rates. I'm making it in C# and XNA. My guess is that I should be able to do gravity calculations between 100 objects without this kind of strain, so clearly my method is not as efficient as it should be. I have two files, Gravity.cs and EntityEngine.cs. Gravity manages JUST the gravity calculations, EntityEngine creates an instance of Gravity and runs it, along with other entity related methods. EntityEngine.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { e.Value.Update(); } gravity.Update(); } (Only relevant piece of code from EntityEngine, self explanatory. When an instance of Gravity is made in entityEngine, it passes itself (this) into it, so that gravity can have access to entityEngine.Entities (a dictionary of all planet objects)) Gravity.cs namespace ExplorationEngine { public class Gravity { private EntityEngine entityEngine; private Vector2 Force; private Vector2 VecForce; private float distance; private float mult; public Gravity(EntityEngine e) { entityEngine = e; } public void Update() { //First loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { //Reset the force vector Force = new Vector2(); //Second loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { //Make sure the second value is not the current value from the first loop if (e2.Value != e.Value ) { //Find the distance between the two objects. Because Fg = G * ((M1 * M2) / r^2), using Vector2.Distance() and then squaring it //is pointless and inefficient because distance uses a sqrt, squaring the result simple cancels that sqrt. distance = Vector2.DistanceSquared(e2.Value.Position, e.Value.Position); //This makes sure that two planets do not attract eachother if they are touching, completely unnecessary when I add collision, //For now it just makes it so that the planets are not glitchy, performance is not significantly improved by removing this IF if (Math.Sqrt(distance) > (e.Value.Texture.Width / 2 + e2.Value.Texture.Width / 2)) { //Calculate the magnitude of Fg (I'm using my own gravitational constant (G) for the sake of time (I know it's 1 at the moment, but I've been changing it) mult = 1.0f * ((e.Value.Mass * e2.Value.Mass) / distance); //Calculate the direction of the force, simply subtracting the positions and normalizing works, this fixes diagonal vectors //from having a larger value, and basically makes VecForce a direction. VecForce = e2.Value.Position - e.Value.Position; VecForce.Normalize(); //Add the vector for each planet in the second loop to a force var. Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); //I have tried Force += VecForce * mult, and have not noticed much of an increase in speed. } } } //Add that force to the first loop's planet's position (later on I'll instead add to acceleration, to account for inertia) e.Value.Position += Force; } } } } I have used various tips (about gravity optimizing, not threading) from THIS question (that I made yesterday). I've made this gravity method (Gravity.Update) as efficient as I know how to make it. This O(N^2) algorithm still seems to be eating up all of my CPU power though. Here is a LINK (google drive, go to File download, keep .Exe with the content folder, you will need XNA Framework 4.0 Redist. if you don't already have it) to the current version of my game. Left click makes a planet, right click removes the last planet. Mouse moves the camera, scroll wheel zooms in and out. Watch the FPS and Planet Count to see what I mean about performance issues past 70 planets. (ALL 70 planets must be moving, I've had 100 stationary planets and only 5 or so moving ones while still having 300 fps, the issue arises when 70+ are moving around) After 70 planets are made, performance tanks exponentially. With < 70 planets, I get 330 fps (I have it capped at 300). At 90 planets, the FPS is about 2, more than that and it sticks around at 0 FPS. Strangely enough, when all planets are stationary, the FPS climbs back up to around 300, but as soon as something moves, it goes right back down to what it was, I have no systems in place to make this happen, it just does. I considered multithreading, but that previous question I asked taught me a thing or two, and I see now that that's not a viable option. I've also thought maybe I could do the calculations on my GPU instead, though I don't think it should be necessary. I also do not know how to do this, it is not a simple concept and I want to avoid it unless someone knows a really noob friendly simple way to do it that will work for an n-body gravity calculation. (I have an NVidia gtx 660) Lastly I've considered using a quadtree type system. (Barnes Hut simulation) I've been told (in the previous question) that this is a good method that is commonly used, and it seems logical and straightforward, however the implementation is way over my head and I haven't found a good tutorial for C# yet that explains it in a way I can understand, or uses code I can eventually figure out. So my question is this: How can I make my gravity method more efficient, allowing me to use more than 100 objects (I can render 1000 planets with constant 300+ FPS without gravity calculations), and if I can't do much to improve performance (including some kind of quadtree system), could I use my GPU to do the calculations?

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• Redirect email based on Source IP / Hostname

  - by PostMan

  So, we have a situation where we would like to be able to redirect (ignoring original destination) emails coming through out exchange server (locally sent) to a different email address. The situation is as follows: Testing a new server, this hosts a lot of our custom applications / scheduled tasks (as does the production version of this server). Instead of changing config files / parameters for these applications we'd rather leave them as they are, as we want to be as close to production as possible, however we don't want the emails go to the staff they would normally go to, we'd rather they were sent to a test email address where we are able to confirm the results. The emails look exactly like the production emails (same from / to / cc / bcc) except their source, hence why we'd like to know if the ability to redirect based on hostname exists. Cheers.

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• Mercurial Merging only certain changesets

  - by PostMan

  Ok, so we recently converted from SVN to Mercurial. We are using TortoiseHG normally. In our one repository we have all of our projects, C++ / .NET / ASP. We have about 100 projects, all using common library projects. So it would be quite difficult task to create multiple repo's for each project. Now, we have the default branch, and let's say branchA. I'm working on BranchA and adding my uber changes to it, and I change a common library, let's say an extension method I want to commit this to branchA and default, how would I go about this? However, I don't want all my changes from branchA to be merged into default, and I don't want all the other changes from default Hopefully this is sufficient information!

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• database table design

  - by e.b.white

  I design the tables as below for the system which looks like a package delivering system For example, after user received the package, postman should record in system, and the state(history table) is "delivered",and operator is this postman, the current state(state table) is of course "delivered" history table: +---------------+--------------------------+ | Field | Desc | +---------------+--------------------------+ | id | PRIMARY KEY | +---------------+--------------------------+ | package_id | package_tacking_id | +---------------+--------------------------+ | state | package_state | +---------------+--------------------------+ | operators | operators | +---------------+--------------------------+ | create_time| create_time | +---------------+--------------------------+ state table: +---------------+--------------------------+ | Field | Desc | +---------------+--------------------------+ | id | PRIMARY KEY | +---------------+--------------------------+ | package_id | package_tacking_id | +---------------+--------------------------+ | state | latest_package_state | +---------------+--------------------------+ Above is just the basic information to record, some other information( like invoice, destination,...) should be recored as well. But there are different service types like s1 and s2, for s1 it is not needed to record invoice but s1 need, and maybe s1 need some other information to record (like the tel of end user). After all, at delivering way stations there are additional information to record, and for different service type the information type is different. My question is: 1. For different service type, shall I need to declare different tables(option A) or just one big table which can record all information for all types(option B)? 2. If option A, since the basic information above is MUST, how can prevent from declaring there duplicate fields in different tables?

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• ADSI, SQL, Exchange Server 2010

  - by WernerCD

  Maybe I'm barking up the wrong tree... We have a Domain Controller "DC1". We have Exchange Server 2010 "Postman". Say I have an Address Book: And I add a few contacts to it: How then do I get the data from that contact via ADSI? Say I want the Job Title or CustomerID field that I filled out in the Contacts list? SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(ADSI, 'SELECT EXTENSIONATTRIBUTE15 ,DISPLAYNAME ,GIVENNAME ,NAME ,SN ,SAMACCOUNTNAME FROM ''LDAP://DC=ATLANTICGENERAL,DC=ORG'' WHERE USERACCOUNTCONTROL=512 AND SAMACCOUNTTYPE=805306368 AND OBJECTCLASS=''PERSON'' AND OBJECTCLASS=''USER'' ORDER BY SAMACCOUNTTYPE ') How can I tie the Contact Card to an Active Directory User, so that I can edit either the AD account information OR the Exchange information and have them synced up?

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• Code golf: find all anagrams

  - by Charles Ma

  An word is an anagram if the letters in that word can be re-arranged to form a different word. Task: Find all sets of anagrams given a word list Input: a list of words from stdin with each word separated by a new line e.g. A A's AOL AOL's Aachen Aachen's Aaliyah Aaliyah's Aaron Aaron's Abbas Abbasid Abbasid's Output: All sets of anagrams, with each set separated by a separate line Example run: ./anagram < words marcos caroms macros lump's plum's dewar's wader's postman tampons dent tend macho mocha stoker's stroke's hops posh shop chasity scythia ... I have a 149 char perl solution which I'll post as soon as a few more people post :) Have fun!

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• Servicestack CorsFeature Global Options Handler Not Firing on Certain Routes;

  - by gizmoboy

  I've got a service setup using the CorsFeature, and am using the approach that mythz suggested in other answers, collected in a function used in the appHost file: private void ConfigureCors(Funq.Container container) { Plugins.Add(new CorsFeature(allowedOrigins: "*", allowedMethods: "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS", allowedHeaders: "Content-Type, Authorization, Accept", allowCredentials: true)); PreRequestFilters.Add((httpReq, httpRes) => { //Handles Request and closes Responses after emitting global HTTP Headers if (httpReq.HttpMethod == "OPTIONS") { httpRes.EndRequest(); } }); } However, the pre-request filter is only firing on some of the service requests. One of the base entities we have in the service is a question entity, and there are custom routes defined as follows: [Route("/question")] [Route("/question/{ReviewQuestionId}", "GET,DELETE")] [Route("/question/{ReviewQuestionId}/{ReviewSectionId}", "GET")] Using POSTMAN to fire test queries (all using the OPTIONS verb), we can see that this will fire the pre-request filter: http://localhost/myservice/api/question/ But this will not: http://localhost/myservice/api/question/66 Presumably, this is because the second and third routes explicitly defined the verbs they accept, and OPTIONS isn't one of them. Is it really necessary to spell out OPTIONS in every defined route that restricts the verbs supported?

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• Verifying SMTP “MAIL FROM:” Matches “From:” Header in DATA

  - by dkovacevic

  Is there ever a legitimate reason for the SMTP “MAIL FROM:” field to not match the “From:” field in the DATA section of a message, besides mailing lists? From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1750194/smtp-why-does-email-needs-envelope-and-what-does-the-envelope-mean: “But, to continue your snail mail metaphor, most professional letters will contain the sender's and recipient's addresses printed on the letter itself. Those addresses are not necessary for the postman, but are instead a courtesy to the recipient. So it's sensible that email would work the same way.” The problem with this line of logic lies here: “courtesy to the recipient”. Including the “From:” address in an email via SMTP is not a courtesy; it is required if the recipient is to be able to send a reply. From: How to limit the From header to match MAIL FROM in postfix?: “But if you really want to ensure From: and MAIL FROM then you have to apply header_checks so that Return-Path: matches From:” What are the implications of doing this? Mailing lists would obviously be a problem. Are there any other legitimate uses of differing “MAIL FROM:” and “From:” header information?

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• What's wrong with this HTTP POST request?

  - by bigboy

  I'm trying to fuzz a server using the Sulley fuzzing framework. I observe the following stream in Wireshark. The error talks about a problem with JSON parsing, however, when I try the same HTTP POST request using Google Chrome's Postman extension, it succeeds. Can anyone please explain what could be wrong about this HTTP POST request? The JSON seems valid. POST /restconf/config HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:8080 Accept: */* Content-Type: application/yang.data+json { "toaster:toaster" : { "toaster:toasterManufacturer" : "Geqq", "toaster:toasterModelNumber" : "asaxc", "toaster:toasterStatus" : "_." }} HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 Content-Type: */* Transfer-Encoding: chunked Date: Sat, 07 Jun 2014 05:26:35 GMT Connection: close 152 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <errors xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-restconf"> <error> <error-type>protocol</error-type> <error-tag>malformed-message</error-tag> <error-message>Error parsing input: Root element of Json has to be Object</error-message> </error> </errors> 0

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• High latency issue for web service call from amazon aws ec2 to local server

  - by SibzTer

  We have a legacy web application that is running in our data center on premises located in Houston. We have a developed a new .net 4 based web application in order to provide new features to customers. The new web application is hosted in amazon aws ec2 environment (N. Virginia region us-east-1b zone). In order to get seamlessly integrate with the legacy application the new web application makes web service calls to retrieve data. We are seeing an unusually high latency time in the order of 5+ seconds for these web service calls. The exact same web service call returns in less than a second on our local PCs (which makes sense given physical proximity to the actual server). The weird part is that we have developers in California who also have the same milliseconds response time. We are testing the web service response using third party tools such as SoapUI, Google Chrome extensions such as Advanced REST Client, Postman REST Client, etc. As if this wasnt weird enough, we have noticed the same low latency from certain other ec2 instances while testing which are in the same region and availability zone as well. If we experienced the high latency consistently from all the ec2 instances I could understand. But there is something else going on. Comparing the various stats and results between the low latency and high latency ec2 servers do not show any significant differences: ping (constant 40ms), tracert, winmtr, etc. We have instances that are in the VPC as well. So I tried both the public and private IP address of the web service host server and that didnt make a difference either for the above results. We need to resolve this latency issue as this is causing the resulting web pages to load very slowly (almost 15+ seconds which is simply unacceptable). The ec2 instances have Windows Server Datacenter 64 bit. Let me know if there is any other infor I can provide to help diagnose this.

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• Postfix cannot deliver mail to Cyrus mailbox on Ubuntu 11.10 server

  - by user105804

  I have installed and configured Postfix and Cyrus IMAP server with webcyradm according to this document - http://www.delouw.ch/linux/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/html/index.html . I can access webcyradm interface, I can create new domains and new users, and I can login via IMAP after creating the user account. However, Postfix fails to deliver mail to cyrus mailboxes. Mail log contains errors shown below. Installing any IMAP server other than cyrus is not an option because it is needed by the web application. Please advise me how to make Postfix deliver email to cyrus mailboxes. The solution should not necessary include web-cyradm, but there should be a web interface for managing mail domains and mailboxes as user-friendly as possible. Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: accepted connection Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: lmtp connection preauth'd as postman Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/cleanup[4868]: 065D5240035: message-id=<[email protected]> Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: verify_user(user.imap0001) failed: Mailbox does not exist Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/bounce[4867]: 6C6CA24185C: sender non-delivery notification: 065D5240035 Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 065D5240035: from=<>, size=3372, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 6C6CA24185C: removed Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/lmtp[4866]: 53421240372: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp], delay=165, delays=165/0.02/0.17/0.09, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp] said: 550-Mailbox unknown. Either there is no mailbox associated with this 550-name or you do not have authorization to see it. 550 5.1.1 User unknown (in reply to RCPT TO command))

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• Need some help/advice on WCF Per-Call Service and NServiceBus interop.

  - by Alexey

  I have WCF Per-Call service wich provides data for clients and at the same time is integrated with NServiceBus. All statefull objects are stored in UnityContainer wich is integrated into custom service host. NServiceBus is configured in service host and uses same container as service instances. Every client has its own instance context(described by Juval Lowy in his book in chapter about Durable Services). If i need to send request over bus I just use some kind of dispatcher and wait response using Thread.Sleep().Since services are per-call this is ok afaik. But I am confused a bit about messages from bus, that service must handle and provide them to clients. For some data like stock quotes I just update some kind of statefull object and and then, when clients invoke GetQuotesData() just provide data from this object. But there are numerous service messages like new quote added and etc. At this moment I have an idea to implement something like "Postman daemon" =)) and store this type of messages in instance context. Then client will invoke "GetMail()",recieve those messages and parse them. Problem is that NServiceBus messages are "Interface based" and I cant pass them over WCF, so I need to convert them to types derieved from some abstract class. Dunno what is best way to handle this situation. Will be very gratefull for any advice on this. Thanks in advance.

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• What is the best way to translate this recursive python method into Java?

  - by Simucal

  In another question I was provided with a great answer involving generating certain sets for the Chinese Postman Problem. The answer provided was: def get_pairs(s): if not s: yield [] else: i = min(s) for j in s - set([i]): for r in get_pairs(s - set([i, j])): yield [(i, j)] + r for x in get_pairs(set([1,2,3,4,5,6])): print x This will output the desire result of: [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)] [(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 6)] [(1, 2), (3, 6), (4, 5)] [(1, 3), (2, 4), (5, 6)] [(1, 3), (2, 5), (4, 6)] [(1, 3), (2, 6), (4, 5)] [(1, 4), (2, 3), (5, 6)] [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)] [(1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 5)] [(1, 5), (2, 3), (4, 6)] [(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 6)] [(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4)] [(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 5)] [(1, 6), (2, 4), (3, 5)] [(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4)] This really shows off the expressiveness of Python because this is almost exactly how I would write the pseudo-code for the algorithm. I especially like the usage of yield and and the way that sets are treated as first class citizens. However, there in lies my problem. What would be the best way to: 1.Duplicate the functionality of the yield return construct in Java? Would it instead be best to maintain a list and append my partial results to this list? How would you handle the yield keyword. 2.Handle the dealing with the sets? I know that I could probably use one of the Java collections which implements that implements the Set interface and then using things like removeAll() to give me a set difference. Is this what you would do in that case? Ultimately, I'm looking to reduce this method into as concise and straightforward way as possible in Java. I'm thinking the return type of the java version of this method will likely return a list of int arrays or something similar. How would you handle the situations above when converting this method into Java?

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• Cloud to On-Premise Connectivity Patterns

  - by Rajesh Raheja

  Do you have a requirement to convert an Opportunity in Salesforce.com to an Order/Quote in Oracle E-Business Suite? Or maybe you want the creation of an Oracle RightNow Incident to trigger an on-premise Oracle E-Business Suite Service Request creation for RMA and Field Scheduling? If so, read on. In a previous blog post, I discussed integrating TO cloud applications, however the use cases above are the reverse i.e. receiving data FROM cloud applications (SaaS) TO on-premise applications/databases that sit behind a firewall. Oracle SOA Suite is assumed to be on-premise with with Oracle Service Bus as the mediation and virtualization layer. The main considerations for the patterns are are security i.e. shielding enterprise resources; and scalability i.e. minimizing firewall latency. Let me use an analogy to help visualize the patterns: the on-premise system is your home - with your most valuable possessions - and the SaaS app is your favorite on-line store which regularly ships (inbound calls) various types of parcels/items (message types/service operations). You need the items at home (on-premise) but want to safe guard against misguided elements of society (internet threats) who may masquerade as postal workers and vandalize property (denial of service?). Let's look at the patterns. Pattern: Pull from Cloud The on-premise system polls from the SaaS apps and picks up the message instead of having it delivered. This may be done using Oracle RightNow Object Query Language or SOAP APIs. This is particularly suited for certain integration approaches wherein messages are trickling in, can be centralized and batched e.g. retrieving event notifications on an hourly schedule from the Oracle Messaging Service. To compare this pattern with the home analogy, you are avoiding any deliveries to your home and instead go to the post office/UPS/Fedex store to pick up your parcel. Every time. Pros: On-premise assets not exposed to the Internet, firewall issues avoided by only initiating outbound connections Cons: Polling mechanisms may affect performance, may not satisfy near real-time requirements Pattern: Open Firewall Ports The on-premise system exposes the web services that needs to be invoked by the cloud application. This requires opening up firewall ports, routing calls to the appropriate internal services behind the firewall. Fusion Applications uses this pattern, and auto-provisions the services on the various virtual hosts to secure the topology. This works well for service integration, but may not suffice for large volume data integration. Using the home analogy, you have now decided to receive parcels instead of going to the post office every time. A door mail slot cut out allows the postman can drop small parcels, but there is still concern about cutting new holes for larger packages. Pros: optimal pattern for near real-time needs, simpler administration once the service is provisioned Cons: Needs firewall ports to be opened up for new services, may not suffice for batch integration requiring direct database access Pattern: Virtual Private Networking The on-premise network is "extended" to the cloud (or an intermediary on-demand / managed service offering) using Virtual Private Networking (VPN) so that messages are delivered to the on-premise system in a trusted channel. Using the home analogy, you entrust a set of keys with a neighbor or property manager who receives the packages, and then drops it inside your home. Pros: Individual firewall ports don't need to be opened, more suited for high scalability needs, can support large volume data integration, easier management of one connection vs a multitude of open ports Cons: VPN setup, specific hardware support, requires cloud provider to support virtual private computing Pattern: Reverse Proxy / API Gateway The on-premise system uses a reverse proxy "API gateway" software on the DMZ to receive messages. The reverse proxy can be implemented using various mechanisms e.g. Oracle API Gateway provides firewall and proxy services along with comprehensive security, auditing, throttling benefits. If a firewall already exists, then Oracle Service Bus or Oracle HTTP Server virtual hosts can provide reverse proxy implementations on the DMZ. Custom built implementations are also possible if specific functionality (such as message store-n-forward) is needed. In the home analogy, this pattern sits in between cutting mail slots and handing over keys. Instead, you install (and maintain) a mailbox in your home premises outside your door. The post office delivers the parcels in your mailbox, from where you can securely retrieve it. Pros: Very secure, very flexible Cons: Introduces a new software component, needs DMZ deployment and management Pattern: On-Premise Agent (Tunneling) A light weight "agent" software sits behind the firewall and initiates the communication with the cloud, thereby avoiding firewall issues. It then maintains a bi-directional connection either with pull or push based approaches using (or abusing, depending on your viewpoint) the HTTP protocol. Programming protocols such as Comet, WebSockets, HTTP CONNECT, HTTP SSH Tunneling etc. are possible implementation options. In the home analogy, a resident receives the parcel from the postal worker by opening the door, however you still take precautions with chain locks and package inspections. Pros: Light weight software, IT doesn't need to setup anything Cons: May bypass critical firewall checks e.g. virus scans, separate software download, proliferation of non-IT managed software Conclusion The patterns above are some of the most commonly encountered ones for cloud to on-premise integration. Selecting the right pattern for your project involves looking at your scalability needs, security restrictions, sync vs asynchronous implementation, near real-time vs batch expectations, cloud provider capabilities, budget, and more. In some cases, the basic "Pull from Cloud" may be acceptable, whereas in others, an extensive VPN topology may be well justified. For more details on the Oracle cloud integration strategy, download this white paper.

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• Cloud to On-Premise Connectivity Patterns

  - by Rajesh Raheja

  Do you have a requirement to convert an Opportunity in Salesforce.com to an Order/Quote in Oracle E-Business Suite? Or maybe you want the creation of an Oracle RightNow Incident to trigger an on-premise Oracle E-Business Suite Service Request creation for RMA and Field Scheduling? If so, read on. In a previous blog post, I discussed integrating TO cloud applications, however the use cases above are the reverse i.e. receiving data FROM cloud applications (SaaS) TO on-premise applications/databases that sit behind a firewall. Oracle SOA Suite is assumed to be on-premise with with Oracle Service Bus as the mediation and virtualization layer. The main considerations for the patterns are are security i.e. shielding enterprise resources; and scalability i.e. minimizing firewall latency. Let me use an analogy to help visualize the patterns: the on-premise system is your home - with your most valuable possessions - and the SaaS app is your favorite on-line store which regularly ships (inbound calls) various types of parcels/items (message types/service operations). You need the items at home (on-premise) but want to safe guard against misguided elements of society (internet threats) who may masquerade as postal workers and vandalize property (denial of service?). Let's look at the patterns. Pattern: Pull from Cloud The on-premise system polls from the SaaS apps and picks up the message instead of having it delivered. This may be done using Oracle RightNow Object Query Language or SOAP APIs. This is particularly suited for certain integration approaches wherein messages are trickling in, can be centralized and batched e.g. retrieving event notifications on an hourly schedule from the Oracle Messaging Service. To compare this pattern with the home analogy, you are avoiding any deliveries to your home and instead go to the post office/UPS/Fedex store to pick up your parcel. Every time. Pros: On-premise assets not exposed to the Internet, firewall issues avoided by only initiating outbound connections Cons: Polling mechanisms may affect performance, may not satisfy near real-time requirements Pattern: Open Firewall Ports The on-premise system exposes the web services that needs to be invoked by the cloud application. This requires opening up firewall ports, routing calls to the appropriate internal services behind the firewall. Fusion Applications uses this pattern, and auto-provisions the services on the various virtual hosts to secure the topology. This works well for service integration, but may not suffice for large volume data integration. Using the home analogy, you have now decided to receive parcels instead of going to the post office every time. A door mail slot cut out allows the postman can drop small parcels, but there is still concern about cutting new holes for larger packages. Pros: optimal pattern for near real-time needs, simpler administration once the service is provisioned Cons: Needs firewall ports to be opened up for new services, may not suffice for batch integration requiring direct database access Pattern: Virtual Private Networking The on-premise network is "extended" to the cloud (or an intermediary on-demand / managed service offering) using Virtual Private Networking (VPN) so that messages are delivered to the on-premise system in a trusted channel. Using the home analogy, you entrust a set of keys with a neighbor or property manager who receives the packages, and then drops it inside your home. Pros: Individual firewall ports don't need to be opened, more suited for high scalability needs, can support large volume data integration, easier management of one connection vs a multitude of open ports Cons: VPN setup, specific hardware support, requires cloud provider to support virtual private computing Pattern: Reverse Proxy / API Gateway The on-premise system uses a reverse proxy "API gateway" software on the DMZ to receive messages. The reverse proxy can be implemented using various mechanisms e.g. Oracle API Gateway provides firewall and proxy services along with comprehensive security, auditing, throttling benefits. If a firewall already exists, then Oracle Service Bus or Oracle HTTP Server virtual hosts can provide reverse proxy implementations on the DMZ. Custom built implementations are also possible if specific functionality (such as message store-n-forward) is needed. In the home analogy, this pattern sits in between cutting mail slots and handing over keys. Instead, you install (and maintain) a mailbox in your home premises outside your door. The post office delivers the parcels in your mailbox, from where you can securely retrieve it. Pros: Very secure, very flexible Cons: Introduces a new software component, needs DMZ deployment and management Pattern: On-Premise Agent (Tunneling) A light weight "agent" software sits behind the firewall and initiates the communication with the cloud, thereby avoiding firewall issues. It then maintains a bi-directional connection either with pull or push based approaches using (or abusing, depending on your viewpoint) the HTTP protocol. Programming protocols such as Comet, WebSockets, HTTP CONNECT, HTTP SSH Tunneling etc. are possible implementation options. In the home analogy, a resident receives the parcel from the postal worker by opening the door, however you still take precautions with chain locks and package inspections. Pros: Light weight software, IT doesn't need to setup anything Cons: May bypass critical firewall checks e.g. virus scans, separate software download, proliferation of non-IT managed software Conclusion The patterns above are some of the most commonly encountered ones for cloud to on-premise integration. Selecting the right pattern for your project involves looking at your scalability needs, security restrictions, sync vs asynchronous implementation, near real-time vs batch expectations, cloud provider capabilities, budget, and more. In some cases, the basic "Pull from Cloud" may be acceptable, whereas in others, an extensive VPN topology may be well justified. For more details on the Oracle cloud integration strategy, download this white paper.

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