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• A new CAPTCHA using sentences?

  - by Xeoncross

  I was just thinking about how recaptcha is getting harder when I thought about another posible solution. Images won't last forever so we will need something else some day - like human logic or emotion. Google and others are trying grouping images by category (find the image that doesn't belong) but that requires a large amount of images and doesn't work for the blind. Anyway, what if a massive collection of text was gathered (public-domain books from each language) and a sentence was shown to the user with 1 (or 2) words that were a select box of choices? Only computers that knew correct English/Spanish/German grammar would be able to tell which of the words belonged in the sentence. Would there be any problems with this approach? I would assume that it would be easy enough for anyone that knew the language that the sentense was displayed in to figure out the answer easier than trying to read the reCAPTCHA text. Plus, storing an insane number of sentences would only take a couple gigabytes of space and wouldn't take anywhere near the CPU time creating images/audio takes. In other words, anyone could host their own captcha system with minimal impact on system performance. Is there a problem with this approach? More specifically I'm looking for the main problem with this approach. migrated from stackoverflow

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• Designing web-based plugin systems correctly so they don't waste as many resources?

  - by Xeoncross

  Many CMS systems which rely on third parties for much of their code often build "plugin" or "hooks" systems to make it easy for developers to modify the codebase's actions without editing the core files. This usually means an Observer or Event design pattern. However, when you look at systems like wordpress you see that on every page they load some kind of bootstrap file from each of the plugin's folders to see if that plugin will need to run that request. Its this poor design that causes systems like wordpress to spend many extra MB's of memory loading and parsing unneeded items each page. Are there alternative ways to do this? I'm looking for ideas in building my own. For example, Is there a way to load all this once and then cache the results so that your system knows how to lazy-load plugins? In other words, the system loads a configuration file that specifies all the events that plugin wishes to tie into and then saves it for future requests? If that also performs poorly, then perhaps there is a special file-structure that could be used to make educated guesses about when certain plugins are unneeded to fullfil the request. Any ideas? If anyone wants an example of the "plugin" concept you can find one here.

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• Finding a new programming language for web development?

  - by Xeoncross

  I'm wondering if there are any un-biased resources that give good, specific overviews of programming languages and their intended goals. I would like to learn a new language, but visiting the sites of each language isn't working. Each one talks about how great it is without much mention of it's weaknesses or specific goals. Ruby is a dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. Python is a programming language that lets you work more quickly and integrate your systems more effectively. Having been a PHP developer for years, Vic Cherubini sums up my plight well: I knew PHP well, had my own framework, and could work quickly to get something up and running. I programmed like this throughout the MVC revolution. I got better and better jobs (read: better paying, better title) as a PHP developer, but all along the way realizing that the code I wrote on my own time was great, and the code I worked with at work was horrible. Like, worse than horrible. Atrocious. OS Commerce level bad. Having side projects kept me sane, because the code I worked with at work made me miserable. This is why I'm retiring from PHP for my side projects and new programming ventures. I'm spent with PHP. Exhausted, if you will. I've reached a level where I think I'm at the top with it as a language and if I don't move on to a new language soon, I'll be done completely with programming and I do not want that. Languages I've looked at include JavaScript (for node.js), Ruby, Python, & Erlang. I've even thought about Scala or C++. The problem is figuring out which ones are built to handle my needs the best. So where can I go to skip the hype and get real information about the maturity of a platform, the size of the community, and the strengths & weaknesses of that language. If I know these then picking a language to continue my web development should be easy.

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• Why are UUID / GUID's in the format they are?

  - by Xeoncross

  Globally Unique Identifiers (GUID) are a grouped string with a specific format which I assume has a security reason. A GUID is most commonly written in text as a sequence of hexadecimal digits separated into five groups, such as: 3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3301 Why aren't GUID/UUID strings just random bytes encoded using hexadecimal of X length? This text notation contains the following fields, separated by hyphens: | Hex digits | Description |------------------------- | 8 | Data1 | 4 | Data2 | 4 | Data3 | 4 | Initial two bytes from Data4 | 12 | Remaining six bytes from Data4 There are also several versions of the UUID standards. Version 4 UUIDs are generally internally stored as a raw array of 128 bits, and typically displayed in a format something like: uuid:xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx

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• What failure can kill a long running IRC client? [closed]

  - by Xeoncross

  I have an IRC bot that I built in PHP using sockets that attempts to run forever and (if disconnected) reconnects again. I have it listening to several channels. Apparently it's fairly resilient, because it can run for several days before the process ends and CRON has to start it up again. However, based on the fact the process ends I'm assuming there are other conditions I'm not accounting for that are causing problems. I have nothing in my error logs giving me a hint. In addition, sometimes the process will continue running - but I notice it's no longer present in any of the channels on the IRC server which makes me think it violated some part of the protocol. I have logic setup to handle: reply to PING's correctly reconnect on disconnect (and reconnect to channels) respond to private messages (so someone doesn't ban it) prevent memory leaks What other failure could be killing my long-running IRC client?

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• Are Promises/A a good event design pattern to implement even in synchronous languages like PHP?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have always kept an eye out for event systems when writing code in scripting languages. Web applications have a history of allowing the user to add plugins and modules whenever needed. In most PHP systems you have a global/singleton event object which all interested parties tie into and wait to be alerted to changes. Event::on('event_name', $callback); Recently more patterns like the observer have been used for things like jQuery. $(el).on('event', callback); Even PHP now has built in classes for it. class Blog extends SplSubject { public function save() { $this->notify(); } } Anyway, the Promises/A proposal has caught my eye. It is designed for asynchronous systems, but I'm wondering if it is also a good design to implement now that even synchronous languages like PHP are changing. Combining Dependency Injection with Promises/A seems it might be the best combination for handling events currently.

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• Which part of the computer needs all the power from the PSU?

  - by Xeoncross

  A couple years ago I was building a new Core 2 Quad system and after reading all the reviews was convinced that I would need at least a 400 watt power supply unit (PSU). I bought a 500W Antec EarthWatts However, last year I bought a Kill-A-Watt power meter to test some things around our house and found that my PC was only using 80W of power while idle! (C2Q, 4GB RAM, SATA HD, & DVD burner) Well, here I am building another computer with a 65watt Core 2 CPU in it and I'm wondering if I can skimp out this time and get a 300watt or so unit since my usage doesn't seem to be what everyone claims it is. I'm sure that the people in the reviews who exhausted 500watt PSU weren't lying - so what is it that uses all that? The high-end dual SLI video cards? Lots of SATA drives? Overclocking?

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• Postfix server configuration values explained?

  - by Xeoncross

  I am trying to setup a single server to send out email from a single domain but I'm having trouble identifying the correct values for these Postfix settings. mydomain = example.com myhostname = example.com myorigin = $mydomain mydestination = $example, localhost.$example, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all Can someone can explain them so I know what I should be setting them to? Things like $mydomain appear to be added at runtime by the script. This seems to work (emails come from [email protected]) but I am weary of using values for parameters I don't understand.

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• How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• Trouble installing Lagarith Lossless Codec (Codec Removal?)

  - by Xeoncross

  I had been using the Lagarith Lossless Codec with camstudio on Windows XP Pro SP3 for a little while before I switched to Ubuntu. Now I'm back trying to do something on windows and the codec is now missing. I tried to install it via the .exe and even manually with the .inf but it's not being listed by camstudio as installed. I'm wondering if one of the other codecs I installed might have messed with it and yet some of the files are still fine so whatever method the installers use to check for existing files before install is returning positive and not re-installing it. How can I get Lagarith to work again? Maybe I need to know how to uninstall codecs.

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• How powerful of a PC do you need to edit HD videos?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have a Core2Quad Q8200 (2.3GHz) with 4GB of RAM, a 512MB PCIe video card, and a SATA-2 HD. Yet it still isn't fast enough to edit 720i/p video in Sony Vegas or Adobe Premiere/Aftereffects. My RAM usage never peaks over 1.6GB, but my CPU cores make it to 95% quick! Right now the preview panes in all these programs lag to bad to actually work on the videos. I get to see 1-3 frames every second or two! So how fast do I have to go? At what point will my CPU be fast enough to actually edit these videos? I have to assume that regular people and their regular sub $2k computers can actually work with this footage. Another way to answer this is, how fast is the PC you used to edit videos? Update: I'ts worth noting that now that I have Adobe Pre/AF CS4 I am more interested in getting that working than my older Vegas 6. If you didn't have to re-run RAM preview every, single, time you made one change it would be my answer. But since I like to test many filters and effects before choosing one - I have to re-render a 1-sec section of footage over-and-over and it drives me nuts waiting. Perhaps a motherboard with Dual Xeon chips or something would be able to handle this. It would probably be as much as a dual-crossfire setup and would also speed up other applications.

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• Can't bind spawn-fcgi to address

  - by Xeoncross

  Following some nice instructions I am almost through setting up PHP to run on nginx. However, every time I try to start spawn-fcgi I get an error message demo@desktop:/usr/bin$ sudo /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi start spawn-fcgi: bind failed: Cannot assign requested address My /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi startup script is: #!/bin/bash PHP_SCRIPT=/usr/bin/php-fastcgi FASTCGI_USER=demo RETVAL=0 case "$1" in start) su - $FASTCGI_USER -c $PHP_SCRIPT RETVAL=$? ;; stop) killall -9 php5-cgi RETVAL=$? ;; restart) killall -9 php5-cgi su - $FASTCGI_USER -c $PHP_SCRIPT RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo "Usage: php-fastcgi {start|stop|restart}" exit 1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL console output which loads /usr/bin/php-fastcgi #!/bin/sh /usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -C 6 -u demo -f /usr/bin/php5-cgi One thing to note is that I am running the PHP cgi as the user "demo" which is my account.

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• Proper umask on linux webservers?

  - by Xeoncross

  Most VPS have a team of 1+ user(s) that don't do anything but configure the system and work on the web site and/or database. I would assume all the team members would be a group like "developers" so they could all work on files in the web root as needed. With this in mind, would umask 007 be a much better setting than the default of 022? After all, there shouldn't be any "other/world" users since this machines primary purpose is to serve web pages. All the developers have access and there aren't any "guests" logging in...

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• Autoloading Development or Production configs (best practices)

  - by Xeoncross

  When programming sites you usually have one set of config files for the development environment and another set for the production server (or one file with both settings). I am assuming all projects should be handled by version control like git or svn. Manual file transfers (like FTP) is wrong on so many levels. How you enable/disable the correct settings (so that your system knows which ones to use) is a problem for me. Each system I work on just kind of jimmy-rigs a solution. Below are the 3 methods I know of and I am hoping that someone can submit a more elegant solutions. 1) File Based The system loads a folder structure based on the URL requested. /site.com /site.fakeTLD /lib index.php For example, if the url is http://site.com then the system loads the production config files located in the site.com folder. However, if I'm working on the site locally I visit http://site.fakeTLD to work on the local copy of the site. To setup this I edit my hosts file and add site.fakeTLD to point to my own computer (127.0.0.1/localhost) and then create a vhost in apache. So now I can work on the codebase locally and then push to the server without any trouble. The problem is that this is susceptible to a "host" injection attack. So someone loading site.com could set the host to site.fakeTLD and then the system would load my development config files instead of production. 2) Config Based The config files contain on section for development - and one for production. The problem is that each time you go to push your changes to the repo you have to edit the file to specify which set of config options should be used. $use = 'production'; //'development'; This leaves the repo open to human error should one of the developers forget to enable the right setting. 3) File System Check Based All the development machines have an extra empty file called "development.txt" or something. Each time the system loads it checks for this file - if found then it knows it is in development mode - if missing then it knows it is in production mode. Since the file is NEVER ADDED to the repo then it will never be pushed (and checked out) on the production machine. However, this just doesn't feel right and causes a slight slow down since all filesystem checks are slow.

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• Proper 16:9 video size for non-HD 4:3 video (for youtube/vimeo)

  - by Xeoncross

  Since High Definition video came out on all the online sites it has changed the default aspect ratio of the player from 4:3 to 16:9. This means that for people posting SD video you have to resize some of your videos to get them to fit right. For example, NTSC DVD quality (aka 480i/p) is 720x480 pixels (width x height). However, low-end High Definition (720i/p) is 1280x720. Resolution Chart Anyway, now that the video players are built for HD you will find that uploading standard quality videos will result in videos that are "letter boxed" which means they have extra black bars on the top and bottom (or sides). Correct me if I'm wrong, but in order to get a 720x480 video to fit a box that is designed for HD the best practice would be to crop some of it off so that it fits as 720x404 since: 16/9 = 1.78 (1.7777777777778) 720/405 = 1.78 405x1.78 = 720.9 The same would stand for 640x480 (old TV quality) video that would need to be 640x360 correct? I'm asking because I'm not sure about all this and whether this is the proper way to fix these letter-boxing/display problems.

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• Dynamic nginx domain root path based on hostname?

  - by Xeoncross

  I am trying to setup my development nginx/PHP server with a basic master/catch-all vhost config so that I can created unlimited ___.framework.loc domains as needed. server { listen 80; index index.html index.htm index.php; # Test 1 server_name ~^(.+)\.frameworks\.loc$; set $file_path $1; root /var/www/frameworks/$file_path/public; include /etc/nginx/php.conf; } However, nginx responds with a 404 error for this setup. I know nginx and PHP are working and have permission because the localhost config I'm using works fine. server { listen 80 default; server_name localhost; root /var/www/localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; include /etc/nginx/php.conf; } What should I be checking to find the problem? Here is a copy of that php.conf they are both loading. location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_index index.php; # Keep these parameters for compatibility with old PHP scripts using them. fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; # Some default config fastcgi_connect_timeout 20; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; }

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• How do you use 4GB of RAM?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have a Quad Core Intel PC with 4GB of RAM - I've been using it over a year to run web server stress tests (ab.exe -n 5000 -c 500), encode HD video, play games, open hundreds of tabs in multiple browsers (simultaneously), worked on multi-layered +8000px art in photoshop and just about every other thing you can think of. As of yet I've never passed 2.3GB of RAM usage. How in the world do you use all 4GB? Is there any use for it?

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• How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• Trouble installing Lagarith Lossless Codec

  - by Xeoncross

  I had been using the Lagarith Lossless Codec with camstudio on Windows XP Pro SP3 for a little while before I switched to Ubuntu. Now I'm back trying to do something on windows and the codec is now missing. I tried to install it via the .exe and even manually with the .inf but it's not being listed by camstudio as installed. I'm wondering if one of the other codecs I installed might have messed with it and yet some of the files are still fine so whatever method the installers use to check for existing files before install is returning positive and not re-installing it. How can I get Lagarith to work again? Maybe I need to know how to uninstall codecs.

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• Relax Linux - it's just me! (filesystem permissions)

  - by Xeoncross

  One of my favorite things about Linux is also the most annoying - file system permissions. In production machines and web servers I love how everything is so secure and locked down - but on development machines it really slows me down. I'll give one example out of the many that I discover weekly. Like most people, I dual-boot Ubuntu and Windows so I can continue using the Adobe CS4 suite. I often design web themes and other things while I'm still using windows. Later I'll boot into Ubuntu to take the themes and write the backend PHP for them. After mounting the windows C: drive partition I can copy the template files over so I can begin editing them. However, thanks to Linux desire to protect me I find that after coping the files I end up with a totally locked set of files where even I don't have read-write permissions. So after carful consideration about the tremendous risks that the HTML files pose to me - I chmod them so that I and apache can begin using them. Now given, the chmod process isn't that hard - but after you chmod enough files per day you get sick of doing it. I'm constantly creating, fetch, editing, and removing files from my user, git repos, php, or other random processes. This is a personal development machine after all. Everything changes on a day by day basis. So my question is, how can I get linux to relax about what I'm doing with my HTML/JS/PHP/TXT/SQL/etc. files so that I can work faster without constantly stopping to chmod things? I pinky-promise I won't hack into my account with an HTML file. ;)

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• Database which only holds indexes and last X records in memory?

  - by Xeoncross

  I'm looking for a data store that is very memory efficient while still allowing many object changes per second and disregarding ACID compliance for the last X records. I need this database for a server with not much memory and I can make a key-value store, document, or SQL database work. The idea is that indexes/keys are the only thing I need in memory and all the actual values/objects/rows can be saved on disk do to the low read rate (I just want index/key lookup to be fast). I also don't want records constantly being flushed to disk, so I would like the last X number of records to be held in memory so that 100 or so of them can all be written at once. I don't care if I lose the last 10 seconds worth of objects/values. I do care if the database as a whole is in danger of becoming corrupt. Is there a data-store like this?

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• The best LCD monitors for reading text?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have been using an 19" Acer AL1916A B for several years now. While possibly failing in other areas - the text was incredibly sharp. Which is very important for someone like me that spends all day writing code. My eyes are very finely tuned and I can see refresh rates and even the smallest pixel overflows from anti-aliasing. Unfortunately it finally died. I then tried a 19" widescreen Acer X193w+ and found that the text was much less sharp. I also tried a 19" widescreen Samsung 920nw and was also disappointed. (by the way, widescreen is a great invention for companies - the same price for less screen!). I am looking for a couple of options of LCD's that hands-down render text ultra sharp and clear. This isn't subjective - an LCD either has sharp text or it doesn't. Anyone with delicate eyes can see the difference and knows what I'm talking about. Please also bare in mind that you're vision can adjust to a given screen; rendering your judgment biased if you do not constantly use other monitors also. If you use windows with ClearType enabled please do not reply.

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• Proper 16:9 video size for non-HD 4:3 video (for youtube/vimeo)

  - by Xeoncross

  Since High Definition video came out on all the online sites it has changed the default aspect ratio of the player from 4:3 to 16:9. This means that for people posting SD video you have to resize some of your videos to get them to fit right. For example, NTSC DVD quality (aka 480i/p) is 720x480 pixels (width x height). However, low-end High Definition (720i/p) is 1280x720. Anyway, now that the video players are built for HD you will find that uploading standard quality videos will result in videos that are "letter boxed" which means they have extra black bars on the top and bottom (or sides). Correct me if I'm wrong, but in order to get a 720x480 video to fit a box that is designed for HD the best practice would be to crop some of it off so that it fits as 720x404 since: 16/9 = 1.78 (1.7777777777778) 720/405 = 1.78 405x1.78 = 720.9 The same would stand for 640x480 (old TV quality) video that would need to be 640x360 correct? I'm asking because I'm not sure about all this and whether this is the proper way to fix these letter-boxing/display problems.

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• What linux permissions are need for www?

  - by Xeoncross

  I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Normal users in a group like "websites" or added to "www-data" Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www. Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be.

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• How should I manage VPS email?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have been slowly learning how to run a linux VPS for a while now. Since I build websites I'm confident with running and securing a web server like nginx... or at least there haven't been any casualties yet. However, email scares me. Almost all websites require email to communicate with users. Most of the time email is only needed on my sites during registration as a means of verification. I hardly ever need to accept incoming mail back. Nevertheless, my lack off understanding of how email servers can be abused is worrying me. Not only do you need to secure email servers - you also have to prove to the world that your emails are legit and constantly fight against being blacklisted. Insuring my emails 'good name' is not something I want to devote my life too. What should someone like me do to send emails from my VPS? Should I look for a company to send email through that can worry about this for me? Should I just use google apps until my sites are large enough to worry about? Or is all this just ignorant fear and running your own email server (that actually works) really is easy?

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