Here is the typical way to use a condition variable:

// The reader(s)
lock(some_mutex);
if(protected_by_mutex_var != desired_value)
    some_condition.wait(some_mutex);
unlock(some_mutex);

// The writer
lock(some_mutex);
protected_by_mutex_var = desired_value;
unlock(some_mutex);
some_condition.notify_all();

But if protected_by_mutex_var is set atomically by say, a compare-and-swap instruction, does the mutex serve any purpose (other than that pthreads and other APIs require you to pass in a mutex)? Is it protecting state used to implement the condition? If not, is it safe then to do this?:

// The writer
protected_by_mutex_var = desired_value;
some_condition.notify_all();

With the writer never directly interacting with the reader's mutex? If so, is it even necessary that different readers use the same mutex?