I'm working with geometry a bit at the moment and am converting a lot between degrees and radians. Unfortunately, both of these are represented by double, so there's compile time warning/error if I try to pass a value in degrees where radians are expected.

I believe F# has a compile-time solution for this (called units of measure.) I'd like to do something similar in C#.

As another example, imagine a SQL library that accepts various query parameters as strings. It'd be good to have a way of enforcing that only clean strings were allowed to be passed in at runtime, and the only way to get a clean string was to pass through some SQL injection attack preventing logic.

The obvious solution is to wrap the double/string/whatever in a new type to give it the type information the compiler needs. I'm curious if anyone has an alternative solution. If you do think wrapping is the only/best way, then please go into some of the downsides of the pattern (and any upsides I haven't mentioned too.) I'm especially concerned about the performance of abstracted primitive numeric types on my calculations at runtime.