Here's a simplified version of some code I'm working on:

void
stuff(int fd)
{
    int ret1, ret2;
    char buffer[32];

    ret1 = recv(fd, buffer, 32, MSG_PEEK | MSG_DONTWAIT);

    /* Error handling -- and EAGAIN handling -- would go here.  Bail if
       necessary.  Otherwise, keep going.  */

    /* Can this call to recv fail, setting errno to EAGAIN?  */
    ret2 = recv(fd, buffer, ret1, 0);
}

If we assume that the first call to recv succeeds, returning a value between 1 and 32, is it safe to assume that the second call will also succeed? Can ret2 ever be less than ret1? In which cases?

(For clarity's sake, assume that there are no other error conditions during the second call to recv: that no signal is delivered, that it won't set ENOMEM, etc. Also assume that no other threads will look at fd.

I'm on Linux, but MSG_DONTWAIT is, I believe, the only Linux-specific thing here. Assume that the right fnctl was set previously on other platforms.)