When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

Posted by user272840 on Super User See other posts from Super User or by user272840
Published on 2013-11-09T21:39:02Z Indexed on 2013/11/09 21:58 UTC
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I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now:

1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.)

2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup?

3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this?

Conclusion:

I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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