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  • The Best Websites for Free Online Courses, Certificates, Degrees, and Educational Resources

    - by Lori Kaufman
    Have you thought about expanding your knowledge by taking some courses? There are several colleges and other sites that offer free online courses, certificate programs, some degree programs, and education resources for teachers and professors. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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  • What is your opinion on free software? [closed]

    - by Joe D
    I use mostly free software on my main machine, and most programs that I write come out under either the GPL or BSD. I dislike proprietary software and prefer not to use it if a free software alternative is viable (read as: good enough). What are your opinions on free software? Do you use or develop for it? Why do you use it? Why don't you? Are you as extremist as RMS, and use only free software?

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  • Tools and Utilities for the .NET Developer

    - by mbcrump
    Tweet this list! Add a link to my site to your bookmarks to quickly find this page again! Add me to twitter! This is a list of the tools/utilities that I use to do my job/hobby. I wanted this page to load fast and contain information that only you care about. If I have missed a tool that you like, feel free to contact me and I will add it to the list. Also, this list took a lot of time to complete. Please do not steal my work, if you like the page then please link back to my site. I will keep the links/information updated as new tools/utilities are created.  Windows/.NET Development – This is a list of tools that any Windows/.NET developer should have in his bag. I have used at some point in my career everything listed on this page and below is the tools worth keeping. Name Description License AnkhSVN Subversion support for Visual Studio. It also works with VS2010. Free Aurora XAML Designer One of the best XAML creation tools available. Has a ton of built in templates that you can copy/paste into VS2010. COST/Trial BeyondCompare Beyond Compare 3 is the ideal tool for comparing files and folders on your Windows or Linux system. Visualize changes in your code and carefully reconcile them. COST/Trial BuildIT Automated Task Tool Its main purpose is to automate tasks, whether it is the final packaging of a product, an automated daily build, maybe sending out a mailing list, even backing-up files. Free C Sharper for VB Convert VB to C#. COST CLRProfiler Analyze and improve the behavior of your .NET app. Free CodeRush Direct competitor to ReSharper, contains similar feature. This is one of those decide for yourself. COST/Trial Disk2VHD Disk2vhd is a utility that creates VHD (Virtual Hard Disk - Microsoft's Virtual Machine disk format) versions of physical disks for use in Microsoft Virtual PC or Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machines (VMs). Free Eazfuscator.NET Is a free obfuscator for .NET. The main purpose is to protect intellectual property of software. Free EQATEC Profiler Make your .NET app run faster. No source code changes are needed. Just point the profiler to your app, run the modified code, and get a visual report. COST Expression Studio 3/4 Comes with Web, Blend, Sketch Flow and more. You can create websites, produce beautiful XAML and more. COST/Trial Expresso The award-winning Expresso editor is equally suitable as a teaching tool for the beginning user of regular expressions or as a full-featured development environment for the experienced programmer or web designer with an extensive knowledge of regular expressions. Free Fiddler Fiddler is a web debugging proxy which logs all HTTP(s) traffic between your computer and the internet. Free Firebug Powerful Web development tool. If you build websites, you will need this. Free FxCop FxCop is an application that analyzes managed code assemblies (code that targets the .NET Framework common language runtime) and reports information about the assemblies, such as possible design, localization, performance, and security improvements. Free GAC Browser and Remover Easy way to remove multiple assemblies from the GAC. Assemblies registered by programs like Install Shield can also be removed. Free GAC Util The Global Assembly Cache tool allows you to view and manipulate the contents of the global assembly cache and download cache. Free HelpScribble Help Scribble is a full-featured, easy-to-use help authoring tool for creating help files from start to finish. You can create Win Help (.hlp) files, HTML Help (.chm) files, a printed manual and online documentation (on a web site) all from the same Help Scribble project. COST/Trial IETester IETester is a free Web Browser that allows you to have the rendering and JavaScript engines of IE9 preview, IE8, IE7 IE 6 and IE5.5 on Windows 7, Vista and XP, as well as the installed IE in the same process. Free iTextSharp iText# (iTextSharp) is a port of the iText open source java library for PDF generation written entirely in C# for the .NET platform. Use the iText mailing list to get support. Free Kaxaml Kaxaml is a lightweight XAML editor that gives you a "split view" so you can see both your XAML and your rendered content. Free LINQPad LinqPad lets you interactively query databases in a LINQ. Free Linquer Many programmers are familiar with SQL and will need a help in the transition to LINQ. Sometimes there are complicated queries to be written and Linqer can help by converting SQL scripts to LINQ. COST/Trial LiquidXML Liquid XML Studio 2010 is an advanced XML developers toolkit and IDE, containing all the tools needed for designing and developing XML schema and applications. COST/Trial Log4Net log4net is a tool to help the programmer output log statements to a variety of output targets. log4net is a port of the excellent log4j framework to the .NET runtime. We have kept the framework similar in spirit to the original log4j while taking advantage of new features in the .NET runtime. For more information on log4net see the features document. Free Microsoft Web Platform Installer The Microsoft Web Platform Installer 2.0 (Web PI) is a free tool that makes getting the latest components of the Microsoft Web Platform, including Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server Express, .NET Framework and Visual Web Developer easy. Free Mono Development Don't have Visual Studio - no problem! This is an open Source C# and .NET development environment for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X Free Net Mass Downloader While it’s great that Microsoft has released the .NET Reference Source Code, you can only get it one file at a time while you’re debugging. If you’d like to batch download it for reading or to populate the cache, you’d have to write a program that instantiated and called each method in the Framework Class Library. Fortunately, .NET Mass Downloader comes to the rescue! Free nMap Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for network exploration or security auditing. Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. Free NoScript (Firefox add-in) The NoScript Firefox extension provides extra protection for Firefox, Flock, Seamonkey and other Mozilla-based browsers: this free, open source add-on allows JavaScript, Java and Flash and other plug-ins to be executed only by trusted web sites of your choice (e.g. your online bank), and provides the most powerful Anti-XSS protection available in a browser. Free NotePad 2 Notepad2, a fast and light-weight Notepad-like text editor with syntax highlighting. This program can be run out of the box without installation, and does not touch your system's registry. Free PageSpy PageSpy is a small add-on for Internet Explorer that allows you to select any element within a webpage, select an option in the context menu, and view detailed information about both the coding behind the page and the element you selected. Free Phrase Express PhraseExpress manages your frequently used text snippets in customizable categories for quick access. Free PowerGui PowerGui is a free community for PowerGUI, a graphical user interface and script editor for Microsoft Windows PowerShell! Free Powershell Comes with Win7, but you can automate tasks by using the .NET Framework. Great for network admins. Free Process Explorer Ever wondered which program has a particular file or directory open? Now you can find out. Process Explorer shows you information about which handles and DLLs processes have opened or loaded. Also, included in the SysInterals Suite. Free Process Monitor Process Monitor is an advanced monitoring tool for Windows that shows real-time file system, Registry and process/thread activity. Free Reflector Explore and analyze compiled .NET assemblies, viewing them in C#, Visual Basic, and IL. This is an Essential for any .NET developer. Free Regular Expression Library Stuck on a Regular Expression but you think someone has already figured it out? Chances are they have. Free Regulator Regulator makes Regular Expressions easy. This is a must have for a .NET Developer. Free RenameMaestro RenameMaestro is probably the easiest batch file renamer you'll find to instantly rename multiple files COST ReSharper The one program that I cannot live without. Supports VS2010 and offers simple refactoring, code analysis/assistance/cleanup/templates. One of the few applications that is worth the $$$. COST/Trial ScrewTurn Wiki ScrewTurn Wiki allows you to create, manage and share wikis. A wiki is a collaboratively-edited, information-centered website: the most famous is Wikipedia. Free SharpDevelop What is #develop? SharpDevelop is a free IDE for C# and VB.NET projects on Microsoft's .NET platform. Free Show Me The Template Show Me The Template is a tool for exploring the templates, be their data, control or items panel, that comes with the controls built into WPF for all 6 themes. Free SnippetCompiler Compiles code snippets without opening Visual Studio. It does not support .NET 4. Free SQL Prompt SQL Prompt is a plug-in that increases how fast you can work with SQL. It provides code-completion for SQL server, reformatting, db schema information and snippets. Awesome! COST/Trial SQLinForm SQLinForm is an automatic SQL code formatter for all major databases  including ORACLE, SQL Server, DB2, UDB, Sybase, Informix, PostgreSQL, Teradata, MySQL, MS Access etc. with over 70 formatting options. COST/OnlineFree SSMS Tools SSMS Tools Pack is an add-in for Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) including SSMS Express. Free Storm STORM is a free and open source tool for testing web services. Free Telerik Code Convertor Convert code from VB to C Sharp and Vice Versa. Free TurtoiseSVN TortoiseSVN is a really easy to use Revision control / version control / source control software for Windows.Since it's not an integration for a specific IDE you can use it with whatever development tools you like. Free UltraEdit UltraEdit is the ideal text, HTML and hex editor, and an advanced PHP, Perl, Java and JavaScript editor for programmers. UltraEdit is also an XML editor including a tree-style XML parser. An industry-award winner, UltraEdit supports disk-based 64-bit file handling (standard) on 32-bit Windows platforms (Windows 2000 and later). COST/Trial Virtual Windows XP Comes with some W7 version and allows you to run WinXP along side W7. Free VirtualBox Virtualization by Sun Microsystems. You can virtualize Windows, Linux and more. Free Visual Log Parser SQL queries against a variety of log files and other system data sources. Free WinMerge WinMerge is an Open Source differencing and merging tool for Windows. WinMerge can compare both folders and files, presenting differences in a visual text format that is easy to understand and handle. Free Wireshark Wireshark is one of the best network protocol analyzer's for Unix and windows. This has been used several times to get me out of a bind. Free XML Notepad 07 Old, but still one of my favorite XML viewers. Free Productivity Tools – This is the list of tools that I use to save time or quickly navigate around Windows. Name Description License AutoHotKey Automate almost anything by sending keystrokes and mouse clicks. You can write a mouse or keyboard macro by hand or use the macro recorder. Free CLCL CLCL is clipboard caching utility. Free Ditto Ditto is an extension to the standard windows clipboard. It saves each item placed on the clipboard allowing you access to any of those items at a later time. Ditto allows you to save any type of information that can be put on the clipboard, text, images, html, custom formats, ..... Free Evernote Remember everything from notes to photos. It will synch between computers/devices. Free InfoRapid Inforapid is a search tool that will display all you search results in a html like browser. If you click on a word in that browser, it will start another search to the word you clicked on. Handy if you want to trackback something to it's true origin. The word you looked for will be highlighted in red. Clicking on the red word will open the containing file in a text based viewer. Clicking on any word in the opened document will start another search on that word. Free KatMouse The prime purpose of the KatMouse utility is to enhance the functionality of mice with a scroll wheel, offering 'universal' scrolling: moving the mouse wheel will scroll the window directly beneath the mouse cursor (not the one with the keyboard focus, which is default on Windows OSes). This is a major increase in the usefulness of the mouse wheel. Free ScreenR Instant Screencast with nothing to download. Works with Mac or PC and free. Free Start++ Start++ is an enhancement for the Start Menu in Windows Vista. It also extends the Run box and the command-line with customizable commands.  For example, typing "w Windows Vista" will take you to the Windows Vista page on Wikipedia! Free Synergy Synergy lets you easily share a single mouse and keyboard between multiple computers with different operating systems, each with its own display, without special hardware. It's intended for users with multiple computers on their desk since each system uses its own monitor(s). Free Texter Texter lets you define text substitution hot strings that, when triggered, will replace hotstring with a larger piece of text. By entering your most commonly-typed snippets of text into Texter, you can save countless keystrokes in the course of the day. Free Total Commander File handling, FTP, Archive handling and much more. Even works with Win3.11. COST/Trial Available Wizmouse WizMouse is a mouse enhancement utility that makes your mouse wheel work on the window currently under the mouse pointer, instead of the currently focused window. This means you no longer have to click on a window before being able to scroll it with the mouse wheel. This is a far more comfortable and practical way to make use of the mouse wheel. Free Xmarks Bookmark sync and search between computers. Free General Utilities – This is a list for power user users or anyone that wants more out of Windows. I usually install a majority of these whenever I get a new system. Name Description License µTorrent µTorrent is a lightweight and efficient BitTorrent client for Windows or Mac with many features. I use this for downloading LEGAL media. Free Audacity Audacity® is free, open source software for recording and editing sounds. It is available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and other operating systems. Learn more about Audacity... Also check our Wiki and Forum for more information. Free AVast Free FREE Antivirus. Free CD Burner XP Pro CDBurnerXP is a free application to burn CDs and DVDs, including Blu-Ray and HD-DVDs. It also includes the feature to burn and create ISOs, as well as a multilanguage interface. Free CDEX You can extract digital audio CDs into mp3/wav. Free Combofix Combofix is a freeware (a legitimate spyware remover created by sUBs), Combofix was designed to scan a computer for known malware, spyware (SurfSideKick, QooLogic, and Look2Me as well as any other combination of the mentioned spyware applications) and remove them. Free Cpu-Z Provides information about some of the main devices of your system. Free Cropper Cropper is a screen capture utility written in C#. It makes it fast and easy to grab parts of your screen. Use it to easily crop out sections of vector graphic files such as Fireworks without having to flatten the files or open in a new editor. Use it to easily capture parts of a web site, including text and images. It's also great for writing documentation that needs images of your application or web site. Free DropBox Drag and Drop files to sync between computers. Free DVD-Fab Converts/Copies DVDs/Blu-Ray to different formats. (like mp4, mkv, avi) COST/Trial Available FastStone Capture FastStone Capture is a powerful, lightweight, yet full-featured screen capture tool that allows you to easily capture and annotate anything on the screen including windows, objects, menus, full screen, rectangular/freehand regions and even scrolling windows/web pages. Free ffdshow FFDShow is a DirectShow decoding filter for decompressing DivX, XviD, H.264, FLV1, WMV, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, MPEG-4 movies. Free Filezilla FileZilla Client is a fast and reliable cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots of useful features and an intuitive graphical user interface. You can also download a server version. Free FireFox Web Browser, do you really need an explanation? Free FireGestures A customizable mouse gestures extension which enables you to execute various commands and user scripts with five types of gestures. Free FoxIt Reader Light weight PDF viewer. You should install this with the advanced setting or it will install a toolbar and setup some shortcuts. Free gSynchIt Synch Gmail and Outlook. Even supports Outlook 2010 32/64 bit COST/Trial Available Hulu Desktop At home or in a hotel, this has replaced my cable/satellite subscription. Free ImgBurn ImgBurn is a lightweight CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu-ray burning application that everyone should have in their toolkit! Free Infrarecorder InfraRecorder is a free CD/DVD burning solution for Microsoft Windows. It offers a wide range of powerful features; all through an easy to use application interface and Windows Explorer integration. Free KeePass KeePass is a free open source password manager, which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. Free LastPass Another password management, synchronize between browsers, automatic form filling and more. Free Live Essentials One download and lots of programs including Mail, Live Writer, Movie Maker and more! Free Monitores MonitorES is a small windows utility that helps you to turnoff monitor display when you lock down your machine.Also when you lock your machine, it will pause all your running media programs & set your IM status message to "Away" / Custom message(via options) and restore it back to normal when you back. Free mRemote mRemote is a full-featured, multi-tab remote connections manager. Free Open Office OpenOffice.org 3 is the leading open-source office software suite for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases and more. It is available in many languages and works on all common computers. It stores all your data in an international open standard format and can also read and write files from other common office software packages. It can be downloaded and used completely free of charge for any purpose. Free Paint.NET Simple, intuitive, and innovative user interface for editing photos. Free Picasa Picasa is free photo editing software from Google that makes your pictures look great. Free Pidgin Pidgin is an easy to use and free chat client used by millions. Connect to AIM, MSN, Yahoo, and more chat networks all at once. Free PING PING is a live Linux ISO, based on the excellent Linux From Scratch (LFS) documentation. It can be burnt on a CD and booted, or integrated into a PXE / RIS environment. Free Putty PuTTY is an SSH and telnet client, developed originally by Simon Tatham for the Windows platform. Free Revo Uninstaller Revo Uninstaller Pro helps you to uninstall software and remove unwanted programs installed on your computer easily! Even if you have problems uninstalling and cannot uninstall them from "Windows Add or Remove Programs" control panel applet.Revo Uninstaller is a much faster and more powerful alternative to "Windows Add or Remove Programs" applet! It has very powerful features to uninstall and remove programs. Free Security Essentials Microsoft Security Essentials is a new, free consumer anti-malware solution for your computer. Free SetupVirtualCloneDrive Virtual CloneDrive works and behaves just like a physical CD/DVD drive, however it exists only virtually. Point to the .ISO file and it appears in Windows Explorer as a Drive. Free Shark 007 Codec Pack Play just about any file format with this download. Also includes my W7 Media Playlist Generator. Free Snagit 9 Screen Capture on steroids. Add arrows, captions, etc to any screenshot. COST/Trial Available SysinternalsSuite Go ahead and download the entire sys internals suite. I have mentioned multiple programs in this suite already. Free TeraCopy TeraCopy is a compact program designed to copy and move files at the maximum possible speed, providing the user with a lot of features. Free for Home TrueCrypt Free open-source disk encryption software for Windows 7/Vista/XP, Mac OS X, and Linux Free TweetDeck Fully featured Twitter client. Free UltraVNC UltraVNC is a powerful, easy to use and free software that can display the screen of another computer (via internet or network) on your own screen. The program allows you to use your mouse and keyboard to control the other PC remotely. It means that you can work on a remote computer, as if you were sitting in front of it, right from your current location. Free Unlocker Unlocks locked files. Pretty simple right? Free VLC Media Player VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video formats Free Windows 7 Media Playlist This program is special to my heart because I wrote it. It has been mentioned on podcast and various websites. It allows you to quickly create wvx video playlist for Windows Media Center. Free WinRAR WinRAR is a powerful archive manager. It can backup your data and reduce the size of email attachments, decompress RAR, ZIP and other files downloaded from Internet and create new archives in RAR and ZIP file format. COST/Trial Available Blogging – I use the following for my blog. Name Description License Insert Code for Windows Live Writer Insert Code for Windows Live Writer will format a snippet of text in a number of programming languages such as C#, HTML, MSH, JavaScript, Visual Basic and TSQL. Free LiveWriter Included in Live Essentials, but the ultimate in Windows Blogging Free PasteAsVSCode Plug-in for Windows Live Writer that pastes clipboard content as Visual Studio code. Preserves syntax highlighting, indentation and background color. Converts RTF, outputted by Visual Studio, into HTML. Free Desktop Management – The list below represent the best in Windows Desktop Management. Name Description License 7 Stacks Allows users to have "stacks" of icons in their taskbar. Free Executor Executor is a multi purpose launcher and a more advanced and customizable version of windows run. Free Fences Fences is a program that helps you organize your desktop and can hide your icons when they are not in use. Free RocketDock Rocket Dock is a smoothly animated, alpha blended application launcher. It provides a nice clean interface to drop shortcuts on for easy access and organization. With each item completely customizable there is no end to what you can add and launch from the dock. Free WindowsTab Tabbing is an essential feature of modern web browsers. Window Tabs brings the productivity of tabbed window management to all of your desktop applications. Free

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  • Some new free tools enter the SQL marketplace

    - by AaronBertrand
    A while back, I started collecting links for free SQL Server resources available to everyone in the community. I created a blog post called " Useful, free resources for SQL Server " to serve as a launching point for the links I'd been collecting. I'm in the process of going back and updating that post, but in the meantime, I wanted to highlight a couple of big events that happened in the past week. Atlantis Interactive Last week Matt Whitfield ( blog | twitter ) announced that his company's commercial...(read more)

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  • Some new free tools enter the SQL marketplace

    - by AaronBertrand
    A while back, I started collecting links for free SQL Server resources available to everyone in the community. I created a blog post called " Useful, free resources for SQL Server " to serve as a launching point for the links I'd been collecting. I'm in the process of going back and updating that post, but in the meantime, I wanted to highlight a couple of big events that happened in the past week. Atlantis Interactive Last week Matt Whitfield ( blog | twitter ) announced that his company's commercial...(read more)

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  • Best & Free 4 Amazon Affiliate Plugins For WordPress

    - by RogerB
    Are you gearing up to earn from your web blog? Are you writing product reviews & would like income by doing just that? Amazon associates allows you to do this. There are various plugins available out there..both free & premium to integrate the product links on your blog pages that are related to your blog [...] Related posts:Amazon.com WordPress Plugins 10 useful SEO Plugins For WordPress The Top 10 WordPress RSS Plugins

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  • MAMP + Python MySQLDB - trouble installing

    - by Frederico
    I'm currently running the latest version of MAMP on my Snow Leopard OSX, and I'm trying to install MySQLDB. Downloaded: MySQL-python-1.2.3c1 I went into the setup_posix.py and adjusted the location of the mysql_config to the one in MAMP: mysql_config.path = "/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysql_config" When trying to build I get the error below. Could anyone give me a hand please: creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6 gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch i386 -arch ppc -arch x86_64 -pipe -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'gamma',1) -D_version_=1.2.3c1 -I/Applications/MAMP/Library/include/mysql -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/_mysql.o -fno-omit-frame-pointer -D_P1003_1B_VISIBLE -DSIGNAL_WITH_VIO_CLOSE -DSIGNALS_DONT_BREAK_READ -DIGNORE_SIGHUP_SIGQUIT -DDONT_DECLARE_CXA_PURE_VIRTUAL _mysql.c:36:23: error: my_config.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:38:19: error: mysql.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:39:26: error: mysqld_error.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:40:20: error: errmsg.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:76: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘MYSQL’ _mysql.c:90: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘MYSQL_RES’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_Exception’: _mysql.c:120: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_errno’ _mysql.c:120: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:123: error: ‘CR_MAX_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:123: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once _mysql.c:123: error: for each function it appears in.) _mysql.c:131: error: ‘CR_COMMANDS_OUT_OF_SYNC’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:132: error: ‘ER_DB_CREATE_EXISTS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:133: error: ‘ER_SYNTAX_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:134: error: ‘ER_PARSE_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:135: error: ‘ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:136: error: ‘ER_WRONG_DB_NAME’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:137: error: ‘ER_WRONG_TABLE_NAME’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:138: error: ‘ER_FIELD_SPECIFIED_TWICE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:139: error: ‘ER_INVALID_GROUP_FUNC_USE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:140: error: ‘ER_UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSION’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:141: error: ‘ER_TABLE_MUST_HAVE_COLUMNS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:170: error: ‘ER_DUP_ENTRY’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:213: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_error’ _mysql.c:213: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:213: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_server_init’: _mysql.c:308: warning: label ‘finish’ defined but not used _mysql.c:234: warning: unused variable ‘item’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘groupc’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘i’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘cmd_argc’ _mysql.c:232: warning: unused variable ‘s’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_Initialize’: _mysql.c:363: error: ‘MYSQL_RES’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:363: error: ‘result’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:368: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:368: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:377: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:380: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_use_result’ _mysql.c:380: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:382: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_store_result’ _mysql.c:382: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:383: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:386: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:389: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_num_fields’ _mysql.c:390: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘nfields’ _mysql.c:391: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:392: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_fetch_fields’ _mysql.c:438: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_traverse’: _mysql.c:450: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:451: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_clear’: _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:463: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_Initialize’: _mysql.c:475: error: ‘MYSQL’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:475: error: ‘conn’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:500: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:501: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:525: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:547: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_init’ _mysql.c:547: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:550: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_options’ _mysql.c:550: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:550: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:554: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:554: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:555: error: ‘CLIENT_COMPRESS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:558: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:558: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_NAMED_PIPE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:560: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:560: error: ‘MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:562: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:562: error: ‘MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:564: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:564: error: ‘MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:567: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:567: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:575: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_real_connect’ _mysql.c:575: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:590: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_traverse’: _mysql.c:671: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:672: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_clear’: _mysql.c:680: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:680: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:680: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:680: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:681: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_close’: _mysql.c:696: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:698: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_close’ _mysql.c:698: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:700: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_affected_rows’: _mysql.c:722: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:723: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_affected_rows’ _mysql.c:723: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_debug’: _mysql.c:739: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_debug’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_dump_debug_info’: _mysql.c:757: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:759: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_dump_debug_info’ _mysql.c:759: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_autocommit’: _mysql.c:783: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_query’ _mysql.c:783: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_commit’: _mysql.c:806: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_rollback’: _mysql.c:828: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_errno’: _mysql.c:940: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:941: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_error’: _mysql.c:956: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:957: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:957: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_escape_string’: _mysql.c:981: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_escape_string’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_escape’: _mysql.c:1088: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_describe’: _mysql.c:1168: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1168: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1171: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1172: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1173: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1184: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘IS_NOT_NULL’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_field_flags’: _mysql.c:1204: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1204: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1207: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1208: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1209: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: At top level: _mysql.c:1250: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘MYSQL_ROW’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_row_to_tuple’: _mysql.c:1256: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1258: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_fetch_lengths’ _mysql.c:1258: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1258: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c:1261: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:1262: error: ‘row’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c: At top level: _mysql.c:1275: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘MYSQL_ROW’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_row_to_dict’: _mysql.c:1280: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1280: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1282: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1284: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1284: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c:1285: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1288: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:1289: error: ‘row’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c: At top level: _mysql.c:1314: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘MYSQL_ROW’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_row_to_dict_old’: _mysql.c:1319: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1319: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1321: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1323: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1323: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c:1324: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1327: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:1328: error: ‘row’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c: At top level: _mysql.c:1350: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘MYSQL_ROW’ _mysql.c: In function ‘mysql_fetch_row’: _mysql.c:1361: error: ‘MYSQL_ROW’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1361: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘row’ _mysql.c:1365: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:1366: error: ‘row’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1366: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_fetch_row’ _mysql.c:1366: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1369: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:1372: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1380: error: too many arguments to function ‘convert_row’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_fetch_row’: _mysql.c:1404: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘MYSQL_ROW’ _mysql.c:1419: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1431: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:1445: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_num_rows’ _mysql.c:1445: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_character_set_name’: _mysql.c:1512: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_get_client_info’: _mysql.c:1603: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_get_client_info’ _mysql.c:1603: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_get_host_info’: _mysql.c:1617: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1618: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_get_host_info’ _mysql.c:1618: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1618: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_get_proto_info’: _mysql.c:1632: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1633: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_get_proto_info’ _mysql.c:1633: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_get_server_info’: _mysql.c:1647: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1648: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_get_server_info’ _mysql.c:1648: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1648: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_info’: _mysql.c:1664: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1665: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_info’ _mysql.c:1665: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1665: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_insert_id’: _mysql.c:1697: error: ‘my_ulonglong’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1697: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘r’ _mysql.c:1699: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1701: error: ‘r’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:1701: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_insert_id’ _mysql.c:1701: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_kill’: _mysql.c:1718: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1720: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_kill’ _mysql.c:1720: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_field_count’: _mysql.c:1739: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1741: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_num_fields’: _mysql.c:1756: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1757: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_num_rows’: _mysql.c:1772: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1773: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_ping’: _mysql.c:1802: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1803: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1805: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_ping’ _mysql.c:1805: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_query’: _mysql.c:1826: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1828: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_real_query’ _mysql.c:1828: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_select_db’: _mysql.c:1856: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1858: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_select_db’ _mysql.c:1858: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_shutdown’: _mysql.c:1877: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1879: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_shutdown’ _mysql.c:1879: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_stat’: _mysql.c:1904: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1906: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_stat’ _mysql.c:1906: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:1906: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_store_result’: _mysql.c:1927: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1928: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:1937: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_thread_id’: _mysql.c:1966: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1968: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_thread_id’ _mysql.c:1968: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_use_result’: _mysql.c:1988: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:1989: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:1998: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_dealloc’: _mysql.c:2016: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_repr’: _mysql.c:2028: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:2029: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_data_seek’: _mysql.c:2047: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:2048: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_data_seek’ _mysql.c:2048: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_row_seek’: _mysql.c:2061: error: ‘MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:2061: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘r’ _mysql.c:2063: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:2064: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:2069: error: ‘r’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:2069: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_row_tell’ _mysql.c:2069: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:2070: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_row_seek’ _mysql.c:2070: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_row_tell’: _mysql.c:2082: error: ‘MYSQL_ROW_OFFSET’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:2082: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘r’ _mysql.c:2084: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:2085: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:2090: error: ‘r’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:2090: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:2091: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_dealloc’: _mysql.c:2099: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_free_result’ _mysql.c:2099: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c: At top level: _mysql.c:2330: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:2337: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:2344: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:2351: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:2358: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:2421: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:2421: error: initializer element is not constant _mysql.c:2421: error: (near initialization for ‘_mysql_ResultObject_memberlist[0].offset’) _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_getattr’: _mysql.c:2443: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:36:23: error: my_config.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:38:19: error: mysql.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:39:26: error: mysqld_error.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:40:20: error: errmsg.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:76: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘MYSQL’ _mysql.c:90: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘MYSQL_RES’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_Exception’: _mysql.c:120: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_errno’ _mysql.c:120: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:123: error: ‘CR_MAX_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:123: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once _mysql.c:123: error: for each function it appears in.) _mysql.c:131: error: ‘CR_COMMANDS_OUT_OF_SYNC’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:132: error: ‘ER_DB_CREATE_EXISTS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:133: error: ‘ER_SYNTAX_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:134: error: ‘ER_PARSE_ERROR’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:135: error: ‘ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:136: error: ‘ER_WRONG_DB_NAME’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:137: error: ‘ER_WRONG_TABLE_NAME’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:138: error: ‘ER_FIELD_SPECIFIED_TWICE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:139: error: ‘ER_INVALID_GROUP_FUNC_USE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:140: error: ‘ER_UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSION’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:141: error: ‘ER_TABLE_MUST_HAVE_COLUMNS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:170: error: ‘ER_DUP_ENTRY’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:213: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_error’ _mysql.c:213: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:213: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘PyString_FromString’ makes pointer from integer without a cast _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_server_init’: _mysql.c:308: warning: label ‘finish’ defined but not used _mysql.c:234: warning: unused variable ‘item’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘groupc’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘i’ _mysql.c:233: warning: unused variable ‘cmd_argc’ _mysql.c:232: warning: unused variable ‘s’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_Initialize’: _mysql.c:363: error: ‘MYSQL_RES’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:363: error: ‘result’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:368: error: ‘MYSQL_FIELD’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:368: error: ‘fields’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:377: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘use’ _mysql.c:380: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_use_result’ _mysql.c:380: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:382: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_store_result’ _mysql.c:382: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:383: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘result’ _mysql.c:386: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:389: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_num_fields’ _mysql.c:390: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘nfields’ _mysql.c:391: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:392: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_fetch_fields’ _mysql.c:438: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_traverse’: _mysql.c:450: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:451: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ResultObject_clear’: _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:462: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:463: error: ‘_mysql_ResultObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_Initialize’: _mysql.c:475: error: ‘MYSQL’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:475: error: ‘conn’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:500: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:501: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c:525: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:547: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_init’ _mysql.c:547: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:550: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_options’ _mysql.c:550: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:550: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:554: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:554: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:555: error: ‘CLIENT_COMPRESS’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:558: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:558: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_NAMED_PIPE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:560: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:560: error: ‘MYSQL_INIT_COMMAND’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:562: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:562: error: ‘MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:564: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:564: error: ‘MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_GROUP’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:567: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:567: error: ‘MYSQL_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE’ undeclared (first use in this function) _mysql.c:575: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mysql_real_connect’ _mysql.c:575: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘connection’ _mysql.c:590: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ _mysql.c: In function ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_traverse’: _mysql.c:671: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘converter’ _mysql.c:

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  • Isn't GPL enough to make a software free as in free speech?

    - by user61852
    I have read people rebutting the fact that a certain software is free as in free speech, even when it is licensed under GPL. Some say Java isn't free because to obtain a professional certification you must get it from Oracle. Some say Java JDK is not free to re-distribute. Some people even say the openJDK is not free or open. But Java is officially GPL. Doesn't GPL explicitly mean you are free to re-distribute ? Isn't GPL enough to make a software free as in free speech ? How can Java be both GPL and not-free as in free speech ? Is there is any license that trully makes a software free beyond any possible subjetive point of view? EDIT: These question is not about names or trademarks, it's about the code.

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  • function objects versus function pointers

    - by kumar_m_kiran
    Hi All, I have two questions related to function objects and function pointers, Question : 1 When I read the different uses sort algorithm of STL, I see that the third parameter can be a function objects, below is an example class State { public: //... int population() const; float aveTempF() const; //... }; struct PopLess : public std::binary_function<State,State,bool> { bool operator ()( const State &a, const State &b ) const { return popLess( a, b ); } }; sort( union, union+50, PopLess() ); Question : Now, How does the statement, sort(union, union+50,PopLess()) work? PopLess() must be resolved into something like PopLess tempObject.operator() which would be same as executing the operator () function on a temporary object. I see this as, passing the return value of overloaded operation i.e bool (as in my example) to sort algorithm. So then, How does sort function resolve the third parameter in this case? Question : 2 Question Do we derive any particular advantage of using function objects versus function pointer? If we use below function pointer will it derive any disavantage? inline bool popLess( const State &a, const State &b ) { return a.population() < b.population(); } std::sort( union, union+50, popLess ); // sort by population PS : Both the above references(including example) are from book "C++ Common Knowledge: Essential Intermediate Programming" by "Stephen C. Dewhurst". I was unable to decode the topic content, thus have posted for help. Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Compiling a program with a legacy version of gcc

    - by wyatt
    This is probably a very difficult problem to troubleshoot with the information I can practically provide, but I'm hoping someone might be able to at least point me in a possible direction. I'm trying to install HTK (http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/), which, according to this page needs to be installed using gcc 3.4. Their method of implementing backwards compatibility: #yum install compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-gcc-34 won't work for me as I'm running Ubuntu (On that note, I take it I can't simply install YUM and the subsequent package, since it's an entirely different distro, but if I'm wrong I'd love to hear it). I instead installed two versions of gcc 3.4 - 3.4.0 and 3.4.6 using instructions from this site. I then added the lines suggested by that page to the top of the makefile (on this note, what's the difference between makefile and makefile.in? I tried adding the lines to the top of both files regardless), both for version 3.4.0 and 3.4.6, but both failed. I also tried, on the off-chance, compiling it with my current version (4.4.1), but that also failed. I got the errors: (cd HTKLib && make HTKLib.a) \ || case "" in k) fail=yes;; ) exit 1;; esac; make1: Entering directory /home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib' gcc -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="i686"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -c -o HGraf.o HGraf.c HGraf.c:73:77: error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:74:23: error: X11/Xutil.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:75:21: error: X11/Xos.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:77:27: error: X11/keysymdef.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:87: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:88: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘rootW’ HGraf.c:91: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theCmap’ HGraf.c:92: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theGC’ HGraf.c:93: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘gcs’ HGraf.c:95: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:96: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘report’ HGraf.c:97: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘hints’ HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXcopy’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXor’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXxor’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXinvert’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:151: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallFonts’: HGraf.c:164: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:164: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once HGraf.c:164: error: for each function it appears in.) HGraf.c:164: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XLoadQueryFont’ HGraf.c:164: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:167: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: At top level: HGraf.c:176: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HGetEvent’: HGraf.c:219: error: ‘XEvent’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:219: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘xev’ HGraf.c:223: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFlush’ HGraf.c:223: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:225: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XEventsQueued’ HGraf.c:225: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:226: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XNextEvent’ HGraf.c:226: error: ‘xev’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:228: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:230: error: ‘ButtonPress’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:235: error: ‘ButtonRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:240: error: ‘MotionNotify’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:245: error: ‘KeyPress’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:249: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DecodeKeyPress’ HGraf.c:251: error: ‘KeyRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:257: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HEventsPending’: HGraf.c:281: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:281: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HMousePos’: HGraf.c:288: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:288: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘root’ HGraf.c:293: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryPointer’ HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘root’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘child’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallColours’: HGraf.c:311: error: ‘XColor’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:311: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘greyDef’ HGraf.c:317: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XParseColor’ HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:317: error: ‘colourDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:320: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XAllocColor’ HGraf.c:334: error: ‘whiteDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:334: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryColor’ HGraf.c:335: error: ‘blackDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:341: error: ‘greyDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetColour’: HGraf.c:361: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetForeground’ HGraf.c:361: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:361: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetGrey’: HGraf.c:370: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:370: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLines’: HGraf.c:388: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLines’ HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawRectangle’: HGraf.c:395: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawRectangle’ HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillRectangle’: HGraf.c:402: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillRectangle’ HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLine’: HGraf.c:408: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLine’ HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillPolygon’: HGraf.c:414: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillPolygon’ HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawArc’: HGraf.c:427: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawArc’ HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillArc’: HGraf.c:440: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillArc’ HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HPrintf’: HGraf.c:451: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawString’ HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HCopyArea’: HGraf.c:457: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCopyArea’ HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HPlotVector’: HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetFontSize’: HGraf.c:490: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:490: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:499: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:502: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetFont’ HGraf.c:502: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:502: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetLineWidth’: HGraf.c:511: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetLineAttributes’ HGraf.c:511: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘LineSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘JoinRound’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘FillSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetXMode’: HGraf.c:517: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:517: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreX’: HGraf.c:523: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XTextWidth’ HGraf.c:523: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreY’: HGraf.c:529: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextWidth’: HGraf.c:535: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextHeight’: HGraf.c:541: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawImage’: HGraf.c:550: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:550: error: ‘xi’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:557: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDestroyImage’ HGraf.c:558: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XGetImage’ HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘AllPlanes’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘XYPixmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:562: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutPixel’ HGraf.c:564: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutImage’ HGraf.c:564: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFlush’: HGraf.c:570: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGCs’: HGraf.c:780: error: ‘XGCValues’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:780: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘values’ HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCLineWidth’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCFunction’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCForeground’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:785: error: ‘values’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateGC’ HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:790: error: ‘GCPlaneMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGlobals’: HGraf.c:800: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultScreen’ HGraf.c:800: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:801: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:801: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultColormap’ HGraf.c:802: error: ‘rootW’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:802: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘RootWindow’ HGraf.c:803: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:803: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultGC’ HGraf.c:804: error: ‘theVisual’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:804: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultVisual’ HGraf.c:805: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayCells’ HGraf.c:806: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayWidth’ HGraf.c:807: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayHeight’ HGraf.c:808: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayPlanes’ HGraf.c:809: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘WhitePixel’ HGraf.c:810: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘BlackPixel’ HGraf.c: In function ‘MakeXGraf’: HGraf.c:817: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:817: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘window’ HGraf.c:818: error: ‘XSetWindowAttributes’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:818: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘setwinattr’ HGraf.c:823: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:823: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XOpenDisplay’ HGraf.c:824: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDisplayName’ HGraf.c:828: error: ‘parent’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:829: error: ‘window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:829: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateSimpleWindow’ HGraf.c:831: error: ‘CWBackingStore’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:831: error: ‘setwinattr’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:831: error: ‘WhenMapped’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:832: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XChangeWindowAttributes’ HGraf.c:834: error: ‘hints’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PPosition’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMaxSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMinSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:841: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetStandardProperties’ HGraf.c:841: error: ‘None’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSelectInput’ HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ExposureMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: error: ‘KeyPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ButtonPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘ButtonReleaseMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionHintMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:845: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XMapWindow’ HGraf.c:845: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:850: error: ‘report’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:851: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:852: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSendEvent’ HGraf.c:852: error: ‘False’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘TermHGraf’: HGraf.c:861: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:862: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCloseDisplay’ make[1]: *** [HGraf.o] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory/home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib' make: ** [HTKLib/HTKLib.a] Error 1 Thank you for any help you can provide.

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  • Open Source but not Free Software (or vice versa)

    - by TRiG
    The definition of "Free Software" from the Free Software Foundation: “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it means that the program's users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so. The definition of "Open Source Software" from the Open Source Initiative: Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. Integrity of The Author's Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. These definitions, although they derive from very different ideologies, are broadly compatible, and most Free Software is also Open Source Software and vice versa. I believe, however, that it is possible for this not to be the case: It is possible for software to be Open Source without being Free, or to be Free without being Open Source. Questions Is my belief correct? Is it possible for software to fall into one camp and not the other? Does any such software actually exist? Please give examples. Clarification I've already accepted an answer now, but I seem to have confused a lot of people, so perhaps a clarification is in order. I was not asking about the difference between copyleft (or "viral", though I don't like that term) and non-copyleft ("permissive") licenses. Nor was I asking about your personal idiosyncratic definitions of "Free" and "Open". I was asking about "Free Software as defined by the FSF" and "Open Source Software as defined by the OSI". Are the two always the same? Is it possible to be one without being the other? And the answer, it seems, is that it's impossible to be Free without being Open, but possible to be Open without being Free. Thank you everyone who actually answered the question.

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  • When is a SQL function not a function?

    - by Rob Farley
    Should SQL Server even have functions? (Oh yeah – this is a T-SQL Tuesday post, hosted this month by Brad Schulz) Functions serve an important part of programming, in almost any language. A function is a piece of code that is designed to return something, as opposed to a piece of code which isn’t designed to return anything (which is known as a procedure). SQL Server is no different. You can call stored procedures, even from within other stored procedures, and you can call functions and use these in other queries. Stored procedures might query something, and therefore ‘return data’, but a function in SQL is considered to have the type of the thing returned, and can be used accordingly in queries. Consider the internal GETDATE() function. SELECT GETDATE(), SomeDatetimeColumn FROM dbo.SomeTable; There’s no logical difference between the field that is being returned by the function and the field that’s being returned by the table column. Both are the datetime field – if you didn’t have inside knowledge, you wouldn’t necessarily be able to tell which was which. And so as developers, we find ourselves wanting to create functions that return all kinds of things – functions which look up values based on codes, functions which do string manipulation, and so on. But it’s rubbish. Ok, it’s not all rubbish, but it mostly is. And this isn’t even considering the SARGability impact. It’s far more significant than that. (When I say the SARGability aspect, I mean “because you’re unlikely to have an index on the result of some function that’s applied to a column, so try to invert the function and query the column in an unchanged manner”) I’m going to consider the three main types of user-defined functions in SQL Server: Scalar Inline Table-Valued Multi-statement Table-Valued I could also look at user-defined CLR functions, including aggregate functions, but not today. I figure that most people don’t tend to get around to doing CLR functions, and I’m going to focus on the T-SQL-based user-defined functions. Most people split these types of function up into two types. So do I. Except that most people pick them based on ‘scalar or table-valued’. I’d rather go with ‘inline or not’. If it’s not inline, it’s rubbish. It really is. Let’s start by considering the two kinds of table-valued function, and compare them. These functions are going to return the sales for a particular salesperson in a particular year, from the AdventureWorks database. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_inline(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS TABLE AS  RETURN (     SELECT e.LoginID as EmployeeLogin, o.OrderDate, o.SalesOrderID     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101') ) ; GO CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_multi(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS @results TABLE (     EmployeeLogin nvarchar(512),     OrderDate datetime,     SalesOrderID int     ) AS BEGIN     INSERT @results (EmployeeLogin, OrderDate, SalesOrderID)     SELECT e.LoginID, o.OrderDate, o.SalesOrderID     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101')     ;     RETURN END ; GO You’ll notice that I’m being nice and responsible with the use of the DATEADD function, so that I have SARGability on the OrderDate filter. Regular readers will be hoping I’ll show what’s going on in the execution plans here. Here I’ve run two SELECT * queries with the “Show Actual Execution Plan” option turned on. Notice that the ‘Query cost’ of the multi-statement version is just 2% of the ‘Batch cost’. But also notice there’s trickery going on. And it’s nothing to do with that extra index that I have on the OrderDate column. Trickery. Look at it – clearly, the first plan is showing us what’s going on inside the function, but the second one isn’t. The second one is blindly running the function, and then scanning the results. There’s a Sequence operator which is calling the TVF operator, and then calling a Table Scan to get the results of that function for the SELECT operator. But surely it still has to do all the work that the first one is doing... To see what’s actually going on, let’s look at the Estimated plan. Now, we see the same plans (almost) that we saw in the Actuals, but we have an extra one – the one that was used for the TVF. Here’s where we see the inner workings of it. You’ll probably recognise the right-hand side of the TVF’s plan as looking very similar to the first plan – but it’s now being called by a stack of other operators, including an INSERT statement to be able to populate the table variable that the multi-statement TVF requires. And the cost of the TVF is 57% of the batch! But it gets worse. Let’s consider what happens if we don’t need all the columns. We’ll leave out the EmployeeLogin column. Here, we see that the inline function call has been simplified down. It doesn’t need the Employee table. The join is redundant and has been eliminated from the plan, making it even cheaper. But the multi-statement plan runs the whole thing as before, only removing the extra column when the Table Scan is performed. A multi-statement function is a lot more powerful than an inline one. An inline function can only be the result of a single sub-query. It’s essentially the same as a parameterised view, because views demonstrate this same behaviour of extracting the definition of the view and using it in the outer query. A multi-statement function is clearly more powerful because it can contain far more complex logic. But a multi-statement function isn’t really a function at all. It’s a stored procedure. It’s wrapped up like a function, but behaves like a stored procedure. It would be completely unreasonable to expect that a stored procedure could be simplified down to recognise that not all the columns might be needed, but yet this is part of the pain associated with this procedural function situation. The biggest clue that a multi-statement function is more like a stored procedure than a function is the “BEGIN” and “END” statements that surround the code. If you try to create a multi-statement function without these statements, you’ll get an error – they are very much required. When I used to present on this kind of thing, I even used to call it “The Dangers of BEGIN and END”, and yes, I’ve written about this type of thing before in a similarly-named post over at my old blog. Now how about scalar functions... Suppose we wanted a scalar function to return the count of these. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_scalar(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS int AS BEGIN     RETURN (         SELECT COUNT(*)         FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o         LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e         ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID         WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid         AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')         AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101')     ); END ; GO Notice the evil words? They’re required. Try to remove them, you just get an error. That’s right – any scalar function is procedural, despite the fact that you wrap up a sub-query inside that RETURN statement. It’s as ugly as anything. Hopefully this will change in future versions. Let’s have a look at how this is reflected in an execution plan. Here’s a query, its Actual plan, and its Estimated plan: SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, dbo.FetchSales_scalar(p.SalesPersonID, y.year) AS NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID; We see here that the cost of the scalar function is about twice that of the outer query. Nicely, the query optimizer has worked out that it doesn’t need the Employee table, but that’s a bit of a red herring here. There’s actually something way more significant going on. If I look at the properties of that UDF operator, it tells me that the Estimated Subtree Cost is 0.337999. If I just run the query SELECT dbo.FetchSales_scalar(281,2003); we see that the UDF cost is still unchanged. You see, this 0.0337999 is the cost of running the scalar function ONCE. But when we ran that query with the CROSS JOIN in it, we returned quite a few rows. 68 in fact. Could’ve been a lot more, if we’d had more salespeople or more years. And so we come to the biggest problem. This procedure (I don’t want to call it a function) is getting called 68 times – each one between twice as expensive as the outer query. And because it’s calling it in a separate context, there is even more overhead that I haven’t considered here. The cheek of it, to say that the Compute Scalar operator here costs 0%! I know a number of IT projects that could’ve used that kind of costing method, but that’s another story that I’m not going to go into here. Let’s look at a better way. Suppose our scalar function had been implemented as an inline one. Then it could have been expanded out like a sub-query. It could’ve run something like this: SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, (SELECT COUNT(*)     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = p.SalesPersonID     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,y.year-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,y.year-2000+1,'20000101')     ) AS NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID; Don’t worry too much about the Scan of the SalesOrderHeader underneath a Nested Loop. If you remember from plenty of other posts on the matter, execution plans don’t push the data through. That Scan only runs once. The Index Spool sucks the data out of it and populates a structure that is used to feed the Stream Aggregate. The Index Spool operator gets called 68 times, but the Scan only once (the Number of Executions property demonstrates this). Here, the Query Optimizer has a full picture of what’s being asked, and can make the appropriate decision about how it accesses the data. It can simplify it down properly. To get this kind of behaviour from a function, we need it to be inline. But without inline scalar functions, we need to make our function be table-valued. Luckily, that’s ok. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_inline2(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS table AS RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) as NumSales     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101') ); GO But we can’t use this as a scalar. Instead, we need to use it with the APPLY operator. SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, n.NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID OUTER APPLY dbo.FetchSales_inline2(p.SalesPersonID, y.year) AS n; And now, we get the plan that we want for this query. All we’ve done is tell the function that it’s returning a table instead of a single value, and removed the BEGIN and END statements. We’ve had to name the column being returned, but what we’ve gained is an actual inline simplifiable function. And if we wanted it to return multiple columns, it could do that too. I really consider this function to be superior to the scalar function in every way. It does need to be handled differently in the outer query, but in many ways it’s a more elegant method there too. The function calls can be put amongst the FROM clause, where they can then be used in the WHERE or GROUP BY clauses without fear of calling the function multiple times (another horrible side effect of functions). So please. If you see BEGIN and END in a function, remember it’s not really a function, it’s a procedure. And then fix it. @rob_farley

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  • PHP: Echo function output in function-line, not line of function call

    - by Brill
    I have a problem with my self-coded template system. The content is inserted by Include(). Now I need to add a meta redirect to one page. I know, meta redirect is not the safest way, but I need it because of it's delay possibility. Now i'm looking for a way to influence the wrapping page (template) by the wrapped page (content). So I thought a function can do this job. <?php function test($testvar){ echo $testvar;} ?> <hr /> <?php test("testtext"); ?> Of course the text echos in the line of the function call, not in the function line. Is there a way to make the function echo in the line of the function itself? In this case above the horizontal rule, not below? Of course every other best pratice for this "template problem" ist welcome! THX

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  • MYSQL stored function - create function (function definition) problem using FORMAT

    - by Jason Fonseca
    Hi all, I keep receiving an error with the following code. I am trying to make a function that will format a field (content=0.0032) into a varchar/percent (content=0.32%). At the moment i'm just trying to get format to work, and it throws up an error "Error Code : 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'len);" The function definition for "Format" is "Format(X,d)" where x is the number and d is the number of decimal places to round too. It then should output a string ###,###,###.## etc. My code is as follows: DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS percent; DELIMITER $$ CREATE /*[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]*/ FUNCTION `auau7859_aba`.`percent`(num DOUBLE, len INT) RETURNS VARCHAR(10) DETERMINISTIC BEGIN RETURN FORMAT(num,len); END$$ DELIMITER ; Save me...Luke

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  • Can overloading is possible with two version of function, constant member function and function with

    - by GG
    Hello, I just came across various overloading methods like type of parameter passed, varying number of parameters, return type etc. I just want to know that can I overload a function with following two version //function which can modify member String& MyClass::doSomething(); //constant member function String& MyClass::doSomething() const; Please let me know the reason behind it. Thanks, GG

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  • Sites To Download Free eBooks For Kindle

    - by Gopinath
    Amazon Kindle is the top selling gadget of this holiday season and many of you would have received it as a gift. For those who got a Amazon Kindle here are few websites that offer free eBooks to fulfil reading appetite at no cost. 1. Free Kindle Books – Amazon Website – This page on Amazon lists nice collection of free books available for Kindle that includes Serial by Jack Kiborn, The Wild’s Call by Jeri Smith, Star Wars by John Jackson MIller and several other books from a list of 40 books. 2. Project Gutenberg: This site as 33,000 + free books that not work let you read on Kindle but also on iPad, PCs and smart phones.  This site is very popular for free ebooks. 3. Google E-Bookstore: Google’s eBookStore has thousands of free ebooks for Kindle in their free books section. 4. Internet Archive: Here you find millions of rare print works that are especially useful for academic research. Multiple language books are also available for Kindle. 5. Open Library: This site is sort of Wikipedia for eBooks with over 20 million user-contributed books and magazines. They are all Kindle friendly. 6. ManyBooks.net: Nearly 30,000 titles, many of which have been pulled from Project Gutenberg. Has a good collection of little-known Creative Commons works. 7. Freebooks.com – the public domain section of this site contains many free ebooks that are perfect for your Kindle. 8. freecomputerbooks.com, freetechbooks.com and onlinecomputerbooks.com - if you are geek and looking for technology books, this is the site you should visit to grab free books. Image credit: bike/flickr This article titled,Sites To Download Free eBooks For Kindle, was originally published at Tech Dreams. Grab our rss feed or fan us on Facebook to get updates from us.

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  • eventmachine on debian fails install via rubygems

    - by Max
    this has been killing me for the last 5 hours. I don't seem to be able to get eventmachine running on my debian box. here this output: $ gem install thin Building native extensions. This could take a while... ERROR: Error installing thin: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/bin/ruby extconf.rb checking for rb_trap_immediate in ruby.h,rubysig.h... no checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... yes checking for inotify_init() in sys/inotify.h... yes checking for writev() in sys/uio.h... yes checking for rb_wait_for_single_fd()... yes checking for rb_enable_interrupt()... yes checking for rb_time_new()... yes checking for sys/event.h... no checking for epoll_create() in sys/epoll.h... yes creating Makefile make compiling kb.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from kb.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from kb.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from kb.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from kb.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling rubymain.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from rubymain.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from rubymain.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from rubymain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from rubymain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling ssl.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from ssl.cpp:23: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from ssl.cpp:23: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from ssl.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from ssl.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling cmain.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from cmain.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from cmain.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from cmain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from cmain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:96: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:107: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:117: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:127: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:269: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:279: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:289: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:299: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:309: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:329: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:678: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling em.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from em.cpp:23: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from em.cpp:23: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from em.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from em.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp: In member function 'bool EventMachine_t::_RunEpollOnce()': em.cpp:578: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp:578: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp: In member function 'bool EventMachine_t::_RunSelectOnce()': em.cpp:974: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp:974: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp: At global scope: em.cpp:1057: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1079: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1265: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1338: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1510: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1593: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1856: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1982: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2046: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2070: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2142: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2361: fatal error: error writing to /tmp/ccdlOK0T.s: No space left on device compilation terminated. make: *** [em.o] Error 1 Gem files will remain installed in /home/eventhub/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p125/gems/eventmachine-1.0.1 for inspection. Results logged to /home/eventhub/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p125/gems/eventmachine-1.0.1/ext/gem_make.out Any thoughts? I read a lot of different ways to solve this issue, but none of them worked. Thanks

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  • [PHP] function().function() VS function()function()

    - by kwokwai
    Hi all, I was writing a foreach Loop in PHP5. Here is the script: foreach(range('A','Z') as $char) // line 1 { // line 2 echo strtoupper($char)strtolower($char); // line 3 } // line 4 And I got this error message Parse error: parse error, unexpected T_STRING in testing.php on line 3 I spent almost an hour to figure out I should add a dot between two functions like this: echo strtoupper($char).strtolower($char); So I can't tell the difference between these two lines of codes: echo strtoupper($char).strtolower($char); echo strtoupper($char)strtolower($char);

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  • Why do you use not free software and what not free software do you use?

    - by 0101
    I prefer to use free software, because I believe its more universal(I can use it anywhere, I can tell people about it and they will have no problem with using it) - i like to say "learn once, use anywhere". I was wondering why people use not free software when free alternatives exists?(for example JIRA, Clover for code coverage, not free marge tools, etc.). P.S. I only use TotalCmd that is not free, but I was not able to find any good alternative(I even wrote one myself, but It was not as great). P.S. I dont want to start any flamewar, Im just curious what is your take on it.

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  • Is Java free/open source or it isn't?

    - by user1598390
    On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright. OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open source implementation of the Java programming language. It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) with a linking exception. Why there are still people that say Java is not open source or free as in free speech ? Am I missing something? Is Java still privative ?

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  • Is Java free/open source or not?

    - by user1598390
    On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright. OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open source implementation of the Java programming language. It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) with a linking exception. Why there are still people that say Java is not open source or free as in free speech ? Am I missing something? Is Java still privative ?

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  • Using a pre-existing function for a new row

    - by Jonathan Kushner
    I have an Excel document that contains X columns and N number of rows. The very last column of a row performs a SUM of the first X-1 columns. The problem I have is, the user of this Excel document progressively adds rows to the document, and because of this, the function does not exist yet in the last column for new rows. I need a way to have this function exist in new rows dynamically (the user is not Excel-savvy and doesn't have the ability to just drag the function down a row).

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  • Error in running script [closed]

    - by SWEngineer
    I'm trying to run heathusf_v1.1.0.tar.gz found here I installed tcsh to make build_heathusf work. But, when I run ./build_heathusf, I get the following (I'm running that on a Fedora Linux system from Terminal): $ ./build_heathusf Compiling programs to build a library of image processing functions. convexpolyscan.c: In function ‘cdelete’: convexpolyscan.c:346:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘bcopy’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c: In function ‘mycalloc’: myalloc.c:68:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘mymalloc’: myalloc.c:101:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘myfree’: myalloc.c:129:27: error: invalid storage class for function ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:12: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default] myalloc.c: At top level: myalloc.c:150:13: warning: conflicting types for ‘store_link’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c:150:13: error: static declaration of ‘store_link’ follows non-static declaration myalloc.c:91:4: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘store_link’ was here myalloc.c:164:24: error: conflicting types for ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:14: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘find_link’ was here Building the mammogram resizing program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mkimage.o -o mkimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [mkimage] Error 1 Building the breast segmentation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common breastsegment.o segment.o -o breastsegment -L../common -lmammo -lm breastsegment.o: In function `render_segmentation_sketch': breastsegment.c:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x58): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x12f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1b9): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1c6): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1e1): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x53): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x71): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x387): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x546): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x651): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x691): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x10d4): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x14da): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1698): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1834): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1850): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x186a): more undefined references to `mycalloc' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x1bbc): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1c4a): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1c7c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1d8e): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1d9b): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1da8): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dba): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dc9): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x1dd8): more undefined references to `myfree' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x20bf): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `segment_breast': segment.c:(.text+0x24cd): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x6ac): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label': cc_label.c:(.text+0x20c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x6c2): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0xbaa): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_0bkgd': cc_label.c:(.text+0xe17): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x12d7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x17e7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x18c5): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_4connect': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1cf0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x2195): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x26a4): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1b06): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [breastsegment] Error 1 Building the mass feature generation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common afumfeature.o -o afumfeature -L../common -lmammo -lm afumfeature.o: In function `afum_process': afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd9c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xe80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x11f8): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1207): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1214): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [afumfeature] Error 1 Building the mass detection program. make: Nothing to be done for `all'. Building the performance evaluation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common DDSMeval.o polyscan.o -o DDSMeval -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [DDSMeval] Error 1 Building the template creation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mktemplate.o polyscan.o -o mktemplate -L../common -lmammo -lm Building the drawimage program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common drawimage.o -o drawimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [drawimage] Error 1 Building the compression/decompression program jpeg. gcc -O2 -DSYSV -DNOTRUNCATE -c lexer.c lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyin’) lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyout’) lexer.c: In function ‘initparser’: lexer.c:387:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘MakeLink’: lexer.c:443:16: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:447:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:452:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:455:34: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:458:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:460:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strcpy’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘getstr’: lexer.c:548:26: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:552:4: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:28: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:561:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘parser’: lexer.c:794:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:798:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1074:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1078:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1116:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1120:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1154:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1158:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1190:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1247:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1251:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1283:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘yylook’: lexer.c:1867:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1867:20: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:12: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:23: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] make: *** [lexer.o] Error 1

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  • Why lock-free data structures just aren't lock-free enough

    - by Alex.Davies
    Today's post will explore why the current ways to communicate between threads don't scale, and show you a possible way to build scalable parallel programming on top of shared memory. The problem with shared memory Soon, we will have dozens, hundreds and then millions of cores in our computers. It's inevitable, because individual cores just can't get much faster. At some point, that's going to mean that we have to rethink our architecture entirely, as millions of cores can't all access a shared memory space efficiently. But millions of cores are still a long way off, and in the meantime we'll see machines with dozens of cores, struggling with shared memory. Alex's tip: The best way for an application to make use of that increasing parallel power is to use a concurrency model like actors, that deals with synchronisation issues for you. Then, the maintainer of the actors framework can find the most efficient way to coordinate access to shared memory to allow your actors to pass messages to each other efficiently. At the moment, NAct uses the .NET thread pool and a few locks to marshal messages. It works well on dual and quad core machines, but it won't scale to more cores. Every time we use a lock, our core performs an atomic memory operation (eg. CAS) on a cell of memory representing the lock, so it's sure that no other core can possibly have that lock. This is very fast when the lock isn't contended, but we need to notify all the other cores, in case they held the cell of memory in a cache. As the number of cores increases, the total cost of a lock increases linearly. A lot of work has been done on "lock-free" data structures, which avoid locks by using atomic memory operations directly. These give fairly dramatic performance improvements, particularly on systems with a few (2 to 4) cores. The .NET 4 concurrent collections in System.Collections.Concurrent are mostly lock-free. However, lock-free data structures still don't scale indefinitely, because any use of an atomic memory operation still involves every core in the system. A sync-free data structure Some concurrent data structures are possible to write in a completely synchronization-free way, without using any atomic memory operations. One useful example is a single producer, single consumer (SPSC) queue. It's easy to write a sync-free fixed size SPSC queue using a circular buffer*. Slightly trickier is a queue that grows as needed. You can use a linked list to represent the queue, but if you leave the nodes to be garbage collected once you're done with them, the GC will need to involve all the cores in collecting the finished nodes. Instead, I've implemented a proof of concept inspired by this intel article which reuses the nodes by putting them in a second queue to send back to the producer. * In all these cases, you need to use memory barriers correctly, but these are local to a core, so don't have the same scalability problems as atomic memory operations. Performance tests I tried benchmarking my SPSC queue against the .NET ConcurrentQueue, and against a standard Queue protected by locks. In some ways, this isn't a fair comparison, because both of these support multiple producers and multiple consumers, but I'll come to that later. I started on my dual-core laptop, running a simple test that had one thread producing 64 bit integers, and another consuming them, to measure the pure overhead of the queue. So, nothing very interesting here. Both concurrent collections perform better than the lock-based one as expected, but there's not a lot to choose between the ConcurrentQueue and my SPSC queue. I was a little disappointed, but then, the .NET Framework team spent a lot longer optimising it than I did. So I dug out a more powerful machine that Red Gate's DBA tools team had been using for testing. It is a 6 core Intel i7 machine with hyperthreading, adding up to 12 logical cores. Now the results get more interesting. As I increased the number of producer-consumer pairs to 6 (to saturate all 12 logical cores), the locking approach was slow, and got even slower, as you'd expect. What I didn't expect to be so clear was the drop-off in performance of the lock-free ConcurrentQueue. I could see the machine only using about 20% of available CPU cycles when it should have been saturated. My interpretation is that as all the cores used atomic memory operations to safely access the queue, they ended up spending most of the time notifying each other about cache lines that need invalidating. The sync-free approach scaled perfectly, despite still working via shared memory, which after all, should still be a bottleneck. I can't quite believe that the results are so clear, so if you can think of any other effects that might cause them, please comment! Obviously, this benchmark isn't realistic because we're only measuring the overhead of the queue. Any real workload, even on a machine with 12 cores, would dwarf the overhead, and there'd be no point worrying about this effect. But would that be true on a machine with 100 cores? Still to be solved. The trouble is, you can't build many concurrent algorithms using only an SPSC queue to communicate. In particular, I can't see a way to build something as general purpose as actors on top of just SPSC queues. Fundamentally, an actor needs to be able to receive messages from multiple other actors, which seems to need an MPSC queue. I've been thinking about ways to build a sync-free MPSC queue out of multiple SPSC queues and some kind of sign-up mechanism. Hopefully I'll have something to tell you about soon, but leave a comment if you have any ideas.

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