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• Truly understand the threshold for document set in document library in SharePoint

  - by ybbest

  Recently, I am working on an issue with threshold. The problem is that when the user navigates to a view of the document library, it displays the error message “list view threshold is exceeded”. However, in the view, it has no data. The list view threshold limit is 5000 by default for the non-admin user. This limit is not the number of items returned by your query; it is the total number of items the database needs to read to calculate the returned result set. So although the view does not return any result but to calculate the result (no data to show), it needs to access more than 5000 items in the database. To fix the issue, you need to create an index for the column that you use in the filter for the view. Let’s look at the problem in details. You can download a solution to replicate this issue here. 1. Go to Central Admin ==> Web Application Management ==>General Settings==> Click on Resource Throttling 2. Change the list view threshold in web application from 5000 to 2000 so that I can show the problem without loading more than 5000 items into the list. FROM TO 3. Go to the page that displays the approved view of the Loan application document set. It displays the message as shown below although I do not have any data returned for this view. 4. To get around this, you need to create an index column. Go to list settings and click on the Index columns. 5. Click on the “Create a new index” link. 6. Select the LoanStatus field as I use this filed as the filter to create the view. 7. After the index is created now I can access the approved view, as you can see it does not return any data. Notes: List View Threshold: Specify the maximum number of items that a database operation can involve at one time. Operations that exceed this limit are prohibited. References: SharePoint lists V: Techniques for managing large lists Manage large SharePoint lists for better performance http://blogs.technet.com/b/speschka/archive/2009/10/27/working-with-large-lists-in-sharepoint-2010-list-throttling.aspx

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• kernel module compiling error

  - by wati

  sh@ubuntu:/home/ccpp/helloworld$ make gcc-4.6 -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include -c -o hello-1.o hello-1.c hello-1.c:4:0: warning: "MODULE" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition hello-1.c:6:0: warning: "_KERNEL_" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:4:0, from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/types.h:13:2: warning: #warning "Attempt to use kernel headers from user space, see http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelHeaders" [-Wcpp] In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_LIST_HEAD’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:26:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:27:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:41:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:42:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:43:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:44:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:62:28: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:76:22: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:88:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:89:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del_entry’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:107:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:108:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_replace’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:126:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:128:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_last’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:179:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:188:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty_careful’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:206:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:207:40: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_rotate_left’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:219:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_singular’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:35: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:49: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:236:37: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:19: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:238:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:239:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:240:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:241:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:242:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:265:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:277:32: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:278:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:280:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:281:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:283:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:284:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:296:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:308:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:322:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:339:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_HLIST_NODE’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:572:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:573:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_unhashed’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:578:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:583:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:588:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:589:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:592:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:598:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:599:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_head’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:612:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:613:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:20: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:616:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_before’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:625:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:627:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_after’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:16: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:634:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:637:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_fake’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_move_list’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:655:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:657:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:12:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h: At top level: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h:5:23: fatal error: asm/cache.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make: *** [hello-1.o] Error 1 i got this error after compiling an helloworld program my program is #define MODULE #define LINUX #define _KERNEL_ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> int init_module(void) { printk("<1>hello World 1.\n"); return 0; } void cleanup_module(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "goodbye world 1.\n"); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); my make file is: TARGET := hello-1 WARN := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes INCLUDE := -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include CFLAGS := -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE} CC := gcc-4.6 ${TARGET}.o: ${TARGET}.c .PHONY: clean clean: rm -rf ${TARGET}.o iam usin kernel 3.2.0.25 as novice i can't able to figure out where the problem is I SEARCHED EVERY THING I CAN TO KNOW ABOUT THIS ERROR BUT I CANT UNDERSTAND &I GET IRRELEVANT DOCS anybody help me please

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• vmware network installation problem

  - by shantanu

  After installation from vmware_bunddle it shows network device error during configuration(First run). Log File: 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Log for VMware Workstation pid=5766 version=8.0.2 build=build-591240 option=Release 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| I120: The process is 64-bit. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Host codepage=UTF-8 encoding=UTF-8 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Host is Linux 3.2.0-19-generic Ubuntu precise (development branch) 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/usr/lib/vmware/settings": No such file or directory. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /usr/lib/vmware/settings. Using default values. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/root/.vmware/config": No such file or directory. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /root/.vmware/config. Using default values. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/root/.vmware/preferences": No such file or directory. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.880+06:00| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| I120: PREF Failed to load user preferences. 2012-04-03T20:01:24.881+06:00| vthread-3| W110: Logging to /tmp/vmware-root/modconfig-5766.log 2012-04-03T20:01:25.200+06:00| vthread-3| I120: modconf query interface initialized 2012-04-03T20:01:25.201+06:00| vthread-3| I120: modconf library initialized 2012-04-03T20:01:25.269+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.278+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.278+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-04-03T20:01:25.278+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.278+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.284+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.306+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.355+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.355+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.362+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.383+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.434+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.502+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.507+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.511+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.516+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.521+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.561+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.566+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.571+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.576+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.581+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.586+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.586+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-04-03T20:01:25.586+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.586+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.593+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.614+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.663+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.740+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.747+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.752+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.757+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.762+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.767+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.767+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-04-03T20:01:25.767+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-04-03T20:01:25.767+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:25.772+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.792+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:25.843+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:26.838+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:26.848+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:26.853+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:26.858+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:26.863+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:28.460+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:28.460+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:28.466+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:28.488+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:28.542+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:28.542+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmmon. 2012-04-03T20:01:28.553+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmmon module. 2012-04-03T20:01:28.615+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:36.499+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmmon from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:01:36.507+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmmon.ko 2012-04-03T20:01:58.314+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:01:58.315+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:01:58.336+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:58.379+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:01:58.431+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:01:58.431+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmnet. 2012-04-03T20:01:58.431+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmnet module. 2012-04-03T20:01:58.541+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmnet-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:05.973+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to compile module vmnet! 2012-04-03T20:02:05.984+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:02:05.984+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:02:05.990+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:06.015+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:06.067+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:02:06.067+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmblock. 2012-04-03T20:02:06.067+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmblock module. 2012-04-03T20:02:06.141+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:13.531+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmblock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:02:13.532+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmblock.ko 2012-04-03T20:02:19.090+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:02:19.090+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:02:19.097+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:19.117+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:19.173+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:02:19.173+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-04-03T20:02:19.174+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-04-03T20:02:19.284+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:28.525+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmci from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:02:28.526+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmci.ko 2012-04-03T20:02:31.760+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:02:31.760+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:02:31.766+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:31.786+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:31.838+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:02:31.838+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-04-03T20:02:31.839+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-04-03T20:02:31.864+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:33.684+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vsock. 2012-04-03T20:02:33.685+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vsock module. 2012-04-03T20:02:33.809+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:02:41.050+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vsock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:02:41.051+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vsock.ko 2012-04-03T20:03:02.757+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.762+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.767+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.771+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.776+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.782+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:02.782+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-04-03T20:03:02.782+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.782+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:02.790+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:02.814+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:02.865+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.958+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.968+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.973+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.978+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:02.983+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:04.372+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:04.372+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:04.378+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:04.399+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:04.452+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:04.452+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmmon. 2012-04-03T20:03:04.452+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmmon module. 2012-04-03T20:03:04.486+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:05.976+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmmon from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:03:05.977+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmmon.ko 2012-04-03T20:03:09.056+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:09.057+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:09.065+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:09.090+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:09.142+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:09.142+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmnet. 2012-04-03T20:03:09.142+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmnet module. 2012-04-03T20:03:09.169+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmnet-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:12.072+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Failed to compile module vmnet! 2012-04-03T20:03:12.090+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:12.090+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:12.098+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:12.121+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:12.179+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:12.179+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmblock. 2012-04-03T20:03:12.179+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmblock module. 2012-04-03T20:03:12.205+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:15.340+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmblock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:03:15.341+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmblock.ko 2012-04-03T20:03:18.451+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:18.451+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:18.457+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:18.480+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:18.531+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:18.531+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-04-03T20:03:18.531+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-04-03T20:03:18.569+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:19.787+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmci from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:03:19.789+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vmci.ko 2012-04-03T20:03:22.933+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-19-generic. 2012-04-03T20:03:22.933+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic 2012-04-03T20:03:22.939+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:22.959+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:23.009+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-19-generic is valid. 2012-04-03T20:03:23.009+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-04-03T20:03:23.009+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-04-03T20:03:23.034+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:24.227+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module vsock. 2012-04-03T20:03:24.227+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vsock module. 2012-04-03T20:03:24.254+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-04-03T20:03:26.125+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vsock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc. 2012-04-03T20:03:26.126+06:00| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-19-generic/misc/vsock.ko My System details: cpu : AMD APU dual core E450 ram: 2GB ubuntu: 12.04 (64 bit) I have downloaded Latest vmware version. Thanks in advance

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• Linux Kernel not upgraded (from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10) - can't remove old kernels and can't install new apps

  - by Tony Breyal

  Question: How do I remove old kernel images which refuse to be removed? Context: Yesterday I upgraded Ubuntu from 12.04 to 12.10. However, the linux kernel has not upgraded from 3.2 to 3.5 as I would have expected. $ uname -r 3.2.0-32-generic $ uname -a Linux tony-b 3.2.0-32-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ cat /proc/version Linux version 3.2.0-32-generic (buildd@batsu) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 Not sure why that happened there. I wanted to install Audacity (v2.0.1-1_amd64) to edit a lecture audio file. When trying this operation through Ubuntu Software Center, it says that to install audacity, four items will need to be removed: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic So I click "Install Anyway" but it fails with the following output: installArchives() failed: (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic Error in function: Setting up grub-pc (2.00-7ubuntu11) ... /usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: warning: Sector 32 is already in use by the program `FlexNet'; avoiding it. This software may cause boot or other problems in future. Please ask its authors not to store data in the boot track. Installation finished. No error reported. Generating grub.cfg ... dpkg: error processing grub-pc (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 It seems I need to remove the old linux images somehow. I have tried this through (1) Synaptic, (2) Ubuntu Tweak, and (3) Computer Janitor. The first two fail, whilst Computer Janitor won't even open. The output from Synaptic is: E: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 E: linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic: subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 How do I remove these old images? Thank you kindly in advance for any help on this matter. P.S. Further information: $ dpkg --list | grep linux-image rH linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic 3.2.0-30.48 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rH linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 3.2.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.5.0.17.19 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image But trying to remove using the command line fails too e.g.: $ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. 5 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 597 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y (Reading database ... 259675 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-27-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Removing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-31-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-31-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-31-generic Generating grub.cfg ... run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic.postrm line 328. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (--remove): subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports has already been reached Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• No sound after video card replaced (AMD Radeon HD 7770)

  - by Sean

  Issue: no sound System: Dual boot Windows 7 (sda) Ubuntu 12.04 (sdb) 2 harddrives Dell XPS 730 Video card: AMD Radeo HD 7770 Diamond Multimedia Sound card: Creative Labs SB X-Fi Additional info: My sound used to work. Then, my old video card (NVIDIA geforce 280) died. I bought and installed a new video card: Radeon HD 7770. After this, my sound no longer worked in ubuntu (Win7 audio still works). Everything else in ubuntu, such as video, works fine. I suspect it has something to do with the fact that the Radeon card includes sound capability. Problem Details: If I click on System Settings - Sound, the panel freezes and stops responding indefinitely. The sound volume icon at the top of the screen (by the clock) shows 3 dashes beside it "---", and an empty drop-down box shows if I click on it. (Possibly related to 1.) When I reboot my machine, I get the message: "gnome settings daemon not responding". I have to force the reboot. I reinstalled ubunbu (perserving my home directory) and the problem persists. Diagnostics info: Following procedure outlined here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting The following is a list of terminal commands, and their output: $ aplay -l List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices There is no listing beyond that, and the command freezes until I hit control-c $ lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio" 00:0f.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 High Definition Audio (rev a2) Subsystem: Dell Device 0224 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23 Memory at dfff0000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel -- 01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Device aab0 Subsystem: Diamond Multimedia Systems Device aab0 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 43 Memory at dfefc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel -- 03:0a.0 Audio device: Creative Labs SB X-Fi Subsystem: Creative Labs Device 6002 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 Memory at dbff4000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Memory at dbc00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2M] Memory at d4000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64M] I/O ports at 8c00 [size=32] Capabilities: <access denied> Notice the Diamond Multimedia Systems Device - that seems to be my video card sound. My video card is Diamond multimedia. Also there's the weird NVIDIA device in there. That must either be a remnant of my now removed NVIDIA graphics card, or else some kind of on-board thing. Not sure which. $ killall pulseaudio This allows me to open system settings - sound. But the "Test Sound" button makes no sound And the output volume + mute controls are greyed / disabled at 0 volume. It also allows me to click on the sound control in the "task bar" (beside the clock), and a volume slider drops down, but it is disabled / greyed at 0 volume. $ find /lib/modules/uname -r | grep snd /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-88pm860x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic3x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8900.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8978.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320dac33.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm9090.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-sta32x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max98088.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max9850.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-rt5631.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8903.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8580.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8523.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max9877.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ads117x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8955.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8804.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-sgtl5000.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8750.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm2000.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic32x4.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4642.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad193x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8753.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4535.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8985.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8350.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-dfbmcs320.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs42l51.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic26.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8737.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-uda1380.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8776.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8995.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tpa6130a2.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8727.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm5100.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8991.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8510.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-jz4740-codec.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8400.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-lm4857.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8960.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-alc5623.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs4270.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic23.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8993.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8961.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8940.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-uda134x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad1836.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8994.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8782.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs4271.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8974.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8983.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8962.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4641.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm-hubs.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8971.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8996.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wl1273.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adav80x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-spdif.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-pcm3008.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cx20442.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4671.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8711.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad73311.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max98095.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm9081.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8741.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm1250-ev1.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8988.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adau1373.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8731.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-l3.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ssm2602.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-da7210.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4104.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8904.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8728.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8770.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8990.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/snd-soc-core.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/synth/emux/snd-emux-synth.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/synth/snd-util-mem.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-hrtimer.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-hwdep.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-pcm.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-rawmidi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/oss/snd-mixer-oss.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-page-alloc.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-dummy.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-virmidi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-device.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi-event.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi-emul.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-timer.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/snd-pdaudiocf.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pcmcia/vx/snd-vxpocket.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/6fire/snd-usb-6fire.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usbmidi-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/caiaq/snd-usb-caiaq.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-usx2y.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-us122l.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usb-audio.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl3/snd-opl3-synth.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl3/snd-opl3-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl4/snd-opl4-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl4/snd-opl4-synth.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-portman2x4.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-serial-u16550.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-mts64.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-mtpav.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/mpu401/snd-mpu401.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/mpu401/snd-mpu401-uart.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/vx/snd-vx-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-dummy.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-aloop.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/pcsp/snd-pcsp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-virmidi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-firewire-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-firewire-speakers.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-isight.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-tea6330t.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-tea575x-tuner.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4113.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-pt2258.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4117.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4xxx-adda.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4114.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-cs8427.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-i2c.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1-synth.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/korg1212/snd-korg1212.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8830.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8820.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8810.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/aw2/snd-aw2.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-sis7019.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-ens1371.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/vx222/snd-vx222.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-via82xx.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-atiixp-modem.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-cs4281.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-sonicvibes.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-intel8x0.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-maestro3.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ac97/snd-ac97-codec.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-fm801.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/nm256/snd-nm256.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-realtek.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-cmedia.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-conexant.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-intel.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-analog.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-hdmi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-idt.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-ca0110.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-cirrus.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-via.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-ca0132.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-si3054.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/riptide/snd-riptide.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-ens1370.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-als4000.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-intel8x0m.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ca0106/snd-ca0106.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-cs5530.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/cs5535audio/snd-cs5535audio.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-rme32.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ymfpci/snd-ymfpci.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ctxfi/snd-ctxfi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-azt3328.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/cs46xx/snd-cs46xx.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/lx6464es/snd-lx6464es.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice1712.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice17xx-ak4xxx.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice1724.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/mixart/snd-mixart.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ali5451/snd-ali5451.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/lola/snd-lola.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-oxygen-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-oxygen.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-virtuoso.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-via82xx-modem.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/pcxhr/snd-pcxhr.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-indigo.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-echo3g.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-mona.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-layla20.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-gina20.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-layla24.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-mia.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-indigoiox.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-darla24.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-indigoio.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-indigodjx.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-gina24.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-darla20.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/echoaudio/snd-indigodj.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-cmipci.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/asihpi/snd-asihpi.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-ad1889.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/rme9652/snd-rme9652.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/rme9652/snd-hdspm.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/rme9652/snd-hdsp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/trident/snd-trident.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-atiixp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-als300.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-bt87x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-rme96.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/opti9xx/snd-miro.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/opti9xx/snd-opti92x-ad1848.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/opti9xx/snd-opti93x.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/opti9xx/snd-opti92x-cs4231.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-gusextreme.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-interwave.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-gusmax.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-interwave-stb.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-gus-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/gus/snd-gusclassic.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-emu8000-synth.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb16-dsp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sbawe.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb8-dsp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb16.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb16-csp.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb8.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-jazz16.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-es18xx.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-azt2320.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-cmi8330.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-als100.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/msnd /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/msnd/snd-msnd-classic.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/msnd/snd-msnd-pinnacle.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/msnd/snd-msnd-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/cs423x/snd-cs4231.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/cs423x/snd-cs4236.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/es1688/snd-es1688-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/es1688/snd-es1688.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-adlib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/ad1848/snd-ad1848.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/ad1816a/snd-ad1816a.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/galaxy/snd-azt1605.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/galaxy/snd-azt2316.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/wavefront/snd-wavefront.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/wss/snd-wss-lib.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-sc6000.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-sscape.ko /lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-opl3sa2.ko

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• apt-get install was interrupted

  - by user3475299

  I am new to Ubuntu. I got the following lines after an interrupted apt-get install. Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.13.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.13.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-29-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 14: /etc/default/grub: nouveau.modeset=0: not found run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic.postinst line 1025. No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: error processing package linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic: linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic; however: Package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.13.0.29.35); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic: linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic: linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic (= 3.13.0-29.53); however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic depends on linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic (= 3.13.0-29.53); however: Package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-generic: linux-signed-image-generic depends on linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic; however: Package linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-generic: linux-signed-generic depends on linux-signed-image-generic (= 3.13.0.29.35); however: Package linux-signed-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-3.13.0-27-generic: linux-signed-image-3.13.0-27-generic depends on linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic (= 3.13.0-27.50); however: Package linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic is not configured yet. linux-signed-image-3.13.0-27-generic depends on linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic (= 3.13.0-27.50); however: Package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-image-3.13.0-27-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up libxkbcommon-x11-0:amd64 (0.4.1-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up libqt5gui5:amd64 (5.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu14.2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ... Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic linux-signed-image-3.13.0-29-generic linux-signed-image-generic linux-signed-generic linux-signed-image-3.13.0-27-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• How do I free up more space in /boot?

  - by user6722

  My /boot partition is nearly full and I get a warning every time I reboot my system. I already deleted old kernel packages (linux-headers...), actually I did that to install a newer kernel version that came with the automatic updates. After installing that new version, the partition is nearly full again. So what else can I delete? Are there some other files associated to the old kernel images? Here is a list of files that are on my /boot partition: :~$ ls /boot/ abi-2.6.31-21-generic lost+found abi-2.6.32-25-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-10-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-2.6.31-21-generic abi-2.6.38-12-generic System.map-2.6.32-25-generic abi-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.0.0-12-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.0.0-13-generic System.map-2.6.38-12-generic abi-3.0.0-14-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic boot System.map-3.0.0-12-generic config-2.6.31-21-generic System.map-3.0.0-13-generic config-2.6.32-25-generic System.map-3.0.0-14-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.31-21-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-25-generic config-2.6.38-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.0.0-12-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic config-3.0.0-13-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic config-3.0.0-14-generic vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic extlinux vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic grub vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic initrd.img-2.6.31-21-generic vmlinuz-2.6.31-21-generic initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic Currently, I'm using the 3.0.0-14-generic kernel.

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• Is there something like List<String, Int32, Int32> (multidimensional generic list)

  - by Alex

  I need something similar to List<String, Int32, Int32>. List only supports one type at a time, and Dictionary only two at a time. Is there a clean way to do something like the above (a multidimensional generic list/collection)?

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• How to write a generic service in WCF

  - by rezaxp

  In one of my recent projects I needed a generic service as a facade to handle General activities such as CRUD.Therefor I searched as Many as I could but there was no Idea on generic services so I tried to figure it out by my self.Finally,I found a way :Create a generic contract as below :[ServiceContract] public interface IEntityReadService<TEntity>         where TEntity : EntityBase, new()     {         [OperationContract(Name = "Get")]         TEntity Get(Int64 Id);         [OperationContract(Name = "GetAll")]         List<TEntity> GetAll();         [OperationContract(Name = "GetAllPaged")]         List<TEntity> GetAll(int pageSize, int currentPageIndex, ref int totalRecords);         List<TEntity> GetAll(string whereClause, string orderBy, int pageSize, int currentPageIndex, ref int totalRecords);            }then create your service class :  public class GenericService<TEntity> :IEntityReadService<TEntity> where TEntity : EntityBase, new() {#region Implementation of IEntityReadService<TEntity>         public TEntity Get(long Id)         {             return BusinessController.Get(Id);         }         public List<TEntity> GetAll()         {             try             {                 return BusinessController.GetAll().ToList();             }             catch (Exception ex)             {                                  throw;             }                      }         public List<TEntity> GetAll(int pageSize, int currentPageIndex, ref int totalRecords)         {             return                 BusinessController.GetAll(pageSize, currentPageIndex, ref totalRecords).ToList();         }         public List<TEntity> GetAll(string whereClause, string orderBy, int pageSize, int currentPageIndex, ref int totalRecords)         {             return                 BusinessController.GetAll(pageSize, currentPageIndex, ref totalRecords, whereClause, orderBy).ToList();         }         #endregion} Then, set your EndPoint configuration in this way :<endpoint address="myAddress" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="myBindingConfiguration1" contract="Contracts.IEntityReadService`1[[Entities.mySampleEntity, Entities]], Service.Contracts" />

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• Removing old kernel entries in Grub

  - by To Do

  I regularly delete old kernels leaving only the latest two entries using Synaptic. I'm using Precise. However in my Grub "previous Linux version" menu there are quite a few entries labelled 2.6.8. I cannot find these linux-images in Synaptic. dpkg -l | grep linux-image Gives: rc linux-image-3.0.0-17-generic 3.0.0-17.30 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64 ii linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic 3.4.0-030400.201205210521 Linux kernel image for version 3.4.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.29.31 Generic Linux kernel image Sudo update-grub gives: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows Vista (loader) on /dev/sda1 sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic gives: E: Unable to locate package linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic' My boot folder contains the following: abi-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic abi-2.6.38-11-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-8-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-3.2.0-27-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.2.0-29-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.4.0-030400-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic System.map-3.2.0-27-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-3.2.0-29-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-3.4.0-030400-generic config-3.2.0-27-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-3.2.0-29-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.4.0-030400-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic extlinux vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic grub vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic and ls -l /etc/grub.d yields: total 56 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6715 Apr 17 20:16 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5522 Oct 1 2011 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7407 May 17 09:22 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6335 Apr 17 20:16 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1588 May 3 2011 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7603 Apr 17 20:16 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 1 2011 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Oct 1 2011 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 1 2011 README gdisk -l /dev/sda yields: Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format. *************************************************************** Disk /dev/sda: 312581808 sectors, 149.1 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): F832A498-05E1-4615-B5B1-757ACB4A757A Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 312581774 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 4183661 sectors (2.0 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 61442047 29.3 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 3 163842048 169986047 2.9 GiB 8200 Linux swap 4 169986048 312578047 68.0 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 5 61444096 159666175 46.8 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Please help with removing the old and inexistent kernels from Grub.

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• How can I remove old kernels/install new ones when /boot is full?

  - by Marcel

  I know this question is asked many times before, however with me it is just a bit different I guess. # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 224G 5.2G 208G 3% / udev 1.9G 4.0K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 777M 260K 777M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/sda2 90M 88M 0 100% /boot /dev/sda6 1.9G 514M 1.3G 29% /tmp My boot partition is full. Current Kernel: # uname -r 3.2.0-35-generic All Kernels: # dpkg --list | grep linux-image ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-34-generic 3.2.0-34.53 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic 3.2.0-35.55 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic 3.2.0-37.58 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic 3.2.0-38.60 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iU linux-image-generic 3.2.0.37.45 Generic Linux kernel image So I thought of removing the 3.2.0.32-generic kernel with: # sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-generic : Depends: linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45) but 3.2.0.38.46 is to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). No success. When I try apt-get -f install it also fails: # apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: linux-headers-3.2.0-34 linux-headers-3.2.0-35 linux-headers-3.2.0-34-generic linux-headers-3.2.0-35-generic Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-image-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-image-generic 2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 5 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/4,334 B of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13.1) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (3.2.0-37.58) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-37-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic (3.2.0-38.60) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-38-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic with 1. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Any help would really be appreciated. Update: I did: sudo rm /boot/*-3.2.0-32-generic /boot/*-3.2.0-34-generic After that the following problem with apt-get -f install: root@localhost:/# apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: linux-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/1,722 B of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-image-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: linux-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• VMware Player 4.04 on Ubuntu 12.04 will not compile

  - by stephen mew

  I installed VMware-Player-4.0.4-744019.i386.bundle onto Ubuntu 11.10. This worked fine. I then upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04 The upgrade appeared to be successful. I then tried to start VMware Player and I got a popup "VMware Kernel Module Updater" I accept the process (click Install) The updater process runs, the output of which is; Stopping VMWare Services [green tick] Virtual Machine Monitor [RED exclamation mark] Virtual Network Device [green tick] VMware Blocking Filesystem [green tick] Virtual Machine Communication Interface [green tick] VMCI Sockets Error popup; Unable to start services See log file /tmp/vmware-root/modconfig-11912.log" Looking in the log file It seems that these are the complaints. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-07-11T15:35:49.683Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to compile module vmnet! I tried the patch for 4.0.3 and it did not work. Can anyone point me in the right direction here ? log file; 2012-07-11T15:35:18.618Z| vthread-3| I120: Log for VMware Workstation pid=11912 version=8.0.4 build=build-744019 option=Release 2012-07-11T15:35:18.618Z| vthread-3| I120: The process is 32-bit. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.618Z| vthread-3| I120: Host codepage=UTF-8 encoding=UTF-8 2012-07-11T15:35:18.618Z| vthread-3| I120: Host is Linux 3.2.0-26-generic Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 2012-07-11T15:35:18.616Z| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-07-11T15:35:18.616Z| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/usr/lib/vmware/settings": No such file or directory. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.616Z| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-11T15:35:18.616Z| vthread-3| I120: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /usr/lib/vmware/settings. Using default values. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/root/.vmware/config": No such file or directory. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /root/.vmware/config. Using default values. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: Msg_Reset: 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/root/.vmware/preferences": No such file or directory. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-11T15:35:18.617Z| vthread-3| I120: PREF Failed to load user preferences. 2012-07-11T15:35:18.618Z| vthread-3| W110: Logging to /tmp/vmware-root/modconfig-11912.log 2012-07-11T15:35:19.054Z| vthread-3| I120: modconf query interface initialized 2012-07-11T15:35:19.056Z| vthread-3| I120: modconf library initialized 2012-07-11T15:35:19.158Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.168Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.168Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-07-11T15:35:19.168Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.168Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.175Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.201Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.291Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.292Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.296Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.326Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.417Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.480Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.489Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.498Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.507Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.517Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.566Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.575Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.584Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.593Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.602Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.606Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.606Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-07-11T15:35:19.606Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.606Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.611Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.635Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.741Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.787Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.796Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.805Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.814Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.824Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/preferred/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to find /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed version test: /lib/modules/preferred/build/include/linux/version.h not found. 2012-07-11T15:35:19.829Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:19.834Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.857Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:19.945Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:25.503Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:25.514Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:25.523Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:25.533Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:25.542Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:26.338Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:26.338Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:26.343Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:26.368Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:26.455Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:26.455Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmmon. 2012-07-11T15:35:26.455Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmmon module. 2012-07-11T15:35:26.484Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:35.469Z| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmmon from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmmon.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc. 2012-07-11T15:35:35.470Z| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc/vmmon.ko 2012-07-11T15:35:39.713Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:39.713Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:39.719Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:39.753Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:39.845Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:39.845Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmnet. 2012-07-11T15:35:39.846Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmnet module. 2012-07-11T15:35:39.913Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmnet-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:49.683Z| vthread-3| I120: Failed to compile module vmnet! 2012-07-11T15:35:49.704Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:35:49.705Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:35:49.729Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:49.874Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:49.961Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:35:49.961Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmblock. 2012-07-11T15:35:49.961Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmblock module. 2012-07-11T15:35:50.159Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:35:59.283Z| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmblock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmblock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc. 2012-07-11T15:35:59.284Z| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc/vmblock.ko 2012-07-11T15:36:04.318Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:36:04.319Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:36:04.324Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:04.344Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:04.427Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:36:04.427Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-07-11T15:36:04.428Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-07-11T15:36:04.456Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:15.728Z| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vmci from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc. 2012-07-11T15:36:15.730Z| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc/vmci.ko 2012-07-11T15:36:20.349Z| vthread-3| I120: Trying to find a suitable PBM set for kernel 3.2.0-26-generic. 2012-07-11T15:36:20.350Z| vthread-3| I120: Validating path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic 2012-07-11T15:36:20.355Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:20.378Z| vthread-3| I120: Your GCC version: 4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:20.464Z| vthread-3| I120: Header path /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include for kernel release 3.2.0-26-generic is valid. 2012-07-11T15:36:20.464Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vmci. 2012-07-11T15:36:20.464Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vmci module. 2012-07-11T15:36:20.514Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vmci-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:22.732Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module vsock. 2012-07-11T15:36:22.732Z| vthread-3| I120: Extracting the sources of the vsock module. 2012-07-11T15:36:22.783Z| vthread-3| I120: Building module with command: /usr/bin/make -j -C /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock-only auto-build SUPPORT_SMP=1 HEADER_DIR=/lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/build/include CC=/usr/bin/gcc GREP=/usr/bin/make IS_GCC_3=no VMCCVER=4.6 2012-07-11T15:36:33.825Z| vthread-3| I120: Installing module vsock from /tmp/vmware-root/modules/vsock.o to /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc. 2012-07-11T15:36:33.826Z| vthread-3| I120: Registering file: /usr/lib/vmware-installer/2.0/vmware-installer --register-file vmware-vmx regular /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/misc/vsock.ko

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• SEO: Nested List vs List, Split Over Divs vs Definition List

  - by Jon P

  From an SEO perspective which, if any, is better: Option 1: Nested lists with h2 tags <ul id="mainpoints"> <li><h2>Powerful Analysis</h2> <ul> <li>Charting and indicators</li> <li>Daily trading signals</li> <li>Company health checks</li> </ul> </li> <li><h2>World Market Data</h2> <ul> [List Items removed for brevity] </ul> </li> <li><h2>Daily Market Data</h2> <ul> [List Items removed for brevity] </ul> </li> </ul> Option 2: Divs with h2 and lists <div id="mainpoints"> <div> <h2>Powerful Analysis</h2> <ul> <li>Charting and indicators</li> <li>Daily trading signals</li> <li>Company health checks</li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>World Market Data</h2> <ul> [List Items removed for brevity] </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Daily Market Data</h2> <ul> [List Items removed for brevity] </ul> </div> </div> Option 3: Definition List <dl id="mainpoints"> <dt>Powerful Analysis</dt> <dd>- Charting and indicators</dd> <dd>- Daily trading signals</dd> <dd>- Company health checks</dd> <dt>World Market Data</dt> [List Items removed for brevity] <dt>Daily Market Data</dt> [List Items removed for brevity] </dl> My instincts tell me that semanticaly the pure list options (1 & 3) are the best and that h2 may be more SEO friendly (1 & 2) which would point to option 1 as being the best option. I do love the lean makeup of the definition list but will I take an SEO hit by losing the h2 tags? Before anyone asks, h2 is not valid markup in a dt tag. Are my instincts right with a nested list being the way to go?

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• Upgrade issues due to broken "dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic" error

  - by tsukune1791

  okay, I've recently upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 and I've been having some issues. I don't know if its a bug or not, but I thought I would submit it here. Okay here's a little background; I ran the distro update from the update manager and got a couple errors that I didn't catch. the computer restarted, and when I logged the Launcher and my top bar of the Ubuntu desktop didn't load. While it was trying to load a couple error messages came up, I think they were called "apport", saying they couldn't send the bug information for some reason. I believe it said somethings wrong with my internet connection, but nothing's wrong with it. Anyway I tried running some things in terminal, namely sudo apt-get -f install sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade and keep getting the following errors; dustin@marceau-laptop:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade [sudo] password for dustin: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 4 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic (3.2.0-24.37) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-runlilo 3.2.0-24-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic Fatal: No images have been defined. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-runlilo exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.24.26); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic Fatal: No images have been defined. run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//runlilo exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic initramfs-tools localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/man: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/gnome/help: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/omf: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/doc/kde/HTML: 0 KiB Total disk space freed by localepurge: 0 KiB E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) And my Ubuntu desktop is still not working. I can log into Gnome and Ubuntu 2D but the Launcher, I think it's call, doesn't load. Can someone help me fix these error, or point me in the right direction to get them fixed? It is much appriciated.

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• Can I delete Generic kernel if I use Generic

  - by user206049

  I currently can't update my release as there is not enough space on boot. I just have the one kernel version there, but seem to have both the Generic and Low Latency versions. uname -r just shows 3.8.0-32-lowlatency ls -lah /boot shows -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 899K Oct 2 00:00 abi-3.8.0-32-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 899K Oct 7 09:27 abi-3.8.0-32-lowlatency -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152K Oct 2 00:00 config-3.8.0-32-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152K Oct 7 09:27 config-3.8.0-32-lowlatency drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 2.0K Jan 1 1970 efi drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1.0K Oct 22 10:05 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M Oct 22 09:51 initrd.img-3.8.0-32-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M Oct 22 10:05 initrd.img-3.8.0-32-lowlatency drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12K Feb 25 2013 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173K Dec 5 2012 memtest86+.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 175K Dec 5 2012 memtest86+_multiboot.bin -rw------- 1 root root 3.0M Oct 2 00:00 System.map-3.8.0-32-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3.0M Oct 7 09:27 System.map-3.8.0-32-lowlatency -rw------- 1 root root 5.2M Oct 2 00:00 vmlinuz-3.8.0-32-generic -rw------- 1 root root 5.2M Oct 7 09:27 vmlinuz-3.8.0-32-lowlatency So what can I do to allow me to update? Apparently I need 174m on boot and am 40m short.

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• Converting non-generic List type to Generic List type in Java 1.5

  - by Shaun F

  I have a List that is guaranteed to contain just one type object. This is created by some underlying code in a library that I cannot update. I want to create a List<ObjectType> based on the incoming List object so that my calling code is talking to List<ObjectType>. What's the best way to convert the List (or any other object collection) to a List<ObjectType>.

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• Testing if a list contains another list with Python

  - by None

  How can I test if a list contains another list. Say there was a function called contains: contains([1,2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns [2, 3] (contains returns [start, end]) contains([1,3], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([1, 2], [[1, 2], 3) # Returns False contains([[1, 2]], [[1, 2], 3]) # Returns [0, 0] Edit: contains([2, 1], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([-1, 1, 2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([0, 1, 2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns [1, 3]

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• Counting nonzero elements in a list with Python list comprehensions

  - by AntiRush

  I have a list of integers and I need to count how many of them are 0. I'm currently doing it with a list comprehension that looks like this: sum([1 for x in frequencies if x > 0]) It seems like a decent comprehension but I don't really like the "1"; it seems like a bit of a magic number. Is there a more Pythonish way to do this?

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• Counting positive elements in a list with Python list comprehensions

  - by AntiRush

  I have a list of integers and I need to count how many of them are 0. I'm currently doing it with a list comprehension that looks like this: sum([1 for x in frequencies if x > 0]) It seems like a decent comprehension but I don't really like the "1"; it seems like a bit of a magic number. Is there a more Pythonish way to do this?

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• Hover effect for parent unordered list inherited by child list

  - by elvista

  I have a simple menu <ul id="menu"> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item 1</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item 2</a></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="#">Menu Item 3</a> <ul> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item a</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item b</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item c</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="#">Menu Item 4</a></li> </ul> and ul#menu li a:hover {font-weight:bold;} The problem I am facing is when I hover above a ul li li, the parent as well as all its siblings gets the hover effect. I only want the list item I hovered above to get the effect. I tried ul#menu li.leaf a: hover {..}, ul#menu li.expanded a: hover {..} , but even in that case, when I hover above li.expanded, it's child inherits the style. How do I fix this?

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• Using pointers, references, handles to generic datatypes, as generic and flexible as possible

  - by Patrick

  In my application I have lots of different data types, e.g. Car, Bicycle, Person, ... (they're actually other data types, but this is just for the example). Since I also have quite some 'generic' code in my application, and the application was originally written in C, pointers to Car, Bicycle, Person, ... are often passed as void-pointers to these generic modules, together with an identification of the type, like this: Car myCar; ShowNiceDialog ((void *)&myCar, DATATYPE_CAR); The 'ShowNiceDialog' method now uses meta-information (functions that map DATATYPE_CAR to interfaces to get the actual data out of Car) to get information of the car, based on the given data type. That way, the generic logic only has to be written once, and not every time again for every new data type. Of course, in C++ you could make this much easier by using a common root class, like this class RootClass { public: string getName() const = 0; }; class Car : public RootClass { ... }; void ShowNiceDialog (RootClass *root); The problem is that in some cases, we don't want to store the data type in a class, but in a totally different format to save memory. In some cases we have hundreds of millions of instances that we need to manage in the application, and we don't want to make a full class for every instance. Suppose we have a data type with 2 characteristics: A quantity (double, 8 bytes) A boolean (1 byte) Although we only need 9 bytes to store this information, putting it in a class means that we need at least 16 bytes (because of the padding), and with the v-pointer we possibly even need 24 bytes. For hundreds of millions of instances, every byte counts (I have a 64-bit variant of the application and in some cases it needs 6 GB of memory). The void-pointer approach has the advantage that we can almost encode anything in a void-pointer and decide how to use it if we want information from it (use it as a real pointer, as an index, ...), but at the cost of type-safety. Templated solutions don't help since the generic logic forms quite a big part of the application, and we don't want to templatize all this. Additionally, the data model can be extended at run time, which also means that templates won't help. Are there better (and type-safer) ways to handle this than a void-pointer? Any references to frameworks, whitepapers, research material regarding this?

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• How to access generic property without knowing the closed generic type

  - by Martin Booka Weser

  I have a generic Type as follows public class TestGeneric<T> { public T Data { get; set; } public TestGeneric(T data) { this.Data = data; } } If i have now an object (which is coming from some external source) from which i know that it's type is of some closed TestGeneric<, but i don't know the TypeParameter T. Now I need to access the Data of my object. Problem is that i can't cast the object, since i don't know exactly to which closed TestGeneric. I use // thx to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/457676/c-reflection-check-if-a-class-is-derived-from-a-generic-class private static bool IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(Type rawGeneric, Type subclass) { while (subclass != typeof(object)) { var cur = subclass.IsGenericType ? subclass.GetGenericTypeDefinition() : subclass; if (rawGeneric == cur) { return true; } subclass = subclass.BaseType; } return false; } to make sure, my object is of the generic type. The code in question is as follows: public static void Main() { object myObject = new TestGeneric<string>("test"); // or from another source if (IsSubclassOfRawGeneric(typeof(TestGeneric<>), myObject.GetType())) { // the following gives an InvalidCastException // var data = ((TestGeneric<object>)myObject).Data; // if i try to access the property with reflection // i get an InvalidOperationException var dataProperty = typeof(TestGeneric<>).GetProperty("Data"); object data = dataProperty.GetValue(myObject, new object[] { }); } } I need the Data regardless of its type (well, if i could ask for its type using GetType() would be fine, but not necessary) since i just want to dump it in xml using ToString(). Any suggestions? Thanx.

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• Generic C# Class: Set "Generic" Property

  - by BlaM

  I'm quite new to C#, so I might have a problem that C# has a simple solution for. I have a generic class with a property of "generic" type. I want to have a function to set that property, but I need to convert it to do so. public class BIWebServiceResult<T> { public T Data; public delegate StatusCode StringToStatusCode(string Input); public void SetData(string Input, StringToStatusCode StringToError) { if (StringToError(Input) == 0) { if (Data is string[]) { Data = new string[1]; Data[0] = Input; } else if (Data is string) { Data = Input; } else if (Data is bool) { Data = DetectBool(Input); } } } private bool DetectBool(string Compare) { return Compare == "true"; } } The problem with that approach is, that it does not work :) (No that's not all code, just a snippet to show what my problem is) It doesn't even compile, because "Data = new string[]" can't work if Data is - for example - boolean. How do I implement a function that behaves differently depending on the type of my generic property?

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• Generic Http Module

  - by MartinF

  The problem I am trying to make a generic http module in asp.net C# for handling roles defined by an enum which i want to be able to change by a generic parameter. This will make it possible to use the generic module with any kind of enum defined for each project. The module hooks into the Authenticate event of the FormsAuthenticationModule, and is called on each request to the website. The module exposes public events which could be defined in the global.asax. But i cant seem to figure out how to make the generic http module work like a non generic module. There is 3 main problems. I cant register the generic http module in the web.config like any other module as i cant specify the generic parameter, or is possible somehow ? The way to solve that as far as i can figure out is to create a non-generic http module that intializes the generic HttpModule (the generic parameter is defined in a custom section for the module in the web.config). But that introduces the next problem. I cant find out how to make the public events exposed by the generic module available to hook into through the global.asax as you would normally do with a non-generic module by just making a public method with the name like ModuleClassName_PublicEventName. The init() method on the http module gets an reference to the HttpApplication object created in the global.asax. I dont know if it somehow could be possible with reflection to search for the methods and if they are defined in the global.asax (HttpApplication super class) hook them up with the correct event handler ? or if any methods on the HttpApplication object can be used? How would i store and later get a reference to the generic module created in the non-generic module ? I can get the non-generic module with HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.Modules.Get("TheModule"); but is there any way i can store a reference to the generic module in the non-generic module (cant figure out how it should be possible), or store it somewhere else so i can always get it? If I can get a reference to the generic module from the global.asax etc. the events mentioned in nr. 2 can be manually wired to the methods. Thoughts and other possible solutions Instead of registering the module in the web.config it can be manually initialized by overridding the Init method of the HttpApplication and calling the Init method on the module. But that will introduce some new problems. The module will no longer be added to the the ModulesCollection. So I will need to store a reference somewhere else. This could be done with a property in the global.asax, and by implementing an interface, or by creating an generic abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, that the global.asax could inherit from. In the generic abstract base type i could also override the init method. It will still not automatically hook up methods in the global.asax with events in the generic module. If it is possible with reflection to search for defined methods in the super type of the HttpApplication it could be automatically done that way. But i can wire the methods in the global.asax with the events in the generic module manually either in the Init method or anywhere else by getting reference to the generic module. It doesnst really need to implement the IHttpModule interface if i choose to manually initalize the generic module. I could just aswell move all the code to the abstract base type inheriting from the HttpApplication. I would prefer to register the module simply by defining it in the web.config as it will be the easiest and most natural / logical solution. Also it would be great if it could be kept as a HttpModule instead of having to define a an abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, else it will be more thighed up and not as loose and plugable as i wanted it to be (but maybe it is not possible). Another alternative would be to make it all static. As far as i can figure out i would have to somehow make sure that only one method can be added to the public static events, so it wont add a reference each time a new instance of the global.asax is created. I simply cant find out what is the best solution. I have been messing around with this and thinking about it for days now. Maybe there is an option that i havent thought of ? Hope anyone out there can help me.

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• understanding list[i-1] vs list[i]-1

  - by user3720527

  Hopefully this is a simple answer that I am just failing to understand. Full code is public static void mystery(int[] list) { for( int i = list.length - 1; i>1; i --) { if (list[i] > list[i - 1]) { list[i -1] = list[i] - 2; list[i]++; } } } } and lets say we are using a list of [2,3,4]. I know that it will output 2,2,5 but I am unclear how to actually work through it. I understand that the list.length is 3 here, and I understand that the for loop will only run once, but I am very unclear what happens at the list[i - 1] = list[i] - 2; area. Should it be list[2-1] = list[2] - 2? How does the two being outside the bracket effect it differently? Much thanks.

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