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  • null pointers vs. Null Object Pattern

    - by GlenH7
    Attribution: This grew out of a related P.SE question My background is in C / C++, but I have worked a fair amount in Java and am currently coding C#. Because of my C background, checking passed and returned pointers is second-hand, but I acknowledge it biases my point of view. I recently saw mention of the Null Object Pattern where the idea is than an object is always returned. Normal case returns the expected, populated object and the error case returns empty object instead of a null pointer. The premise being that the calling function will always have some sort of object to access and therefore avoid null access memory violations. So what are the pros / cons of a null check versus using the Null Object Pattern? I can see cleaner calling code with the NOP, but I can also see where it would create hidden failures that don't otherwise get raised. I would rather have my application fail hard (aka an exception) while I'm developing it than have a silent mistake escape into the wild. Can't the Null Object Pattern have similar problems as not performing a null check? Many of the objects I have worked with hold objects or containers of their own. It seems like I would have to have a special case to guarantee all of the main object's containers had empty objects of their own. Seems like this could get ugly with multiple layers of nesting.

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  • Cast from Void* to TYPE* using C++ style cast: static_cast or reinterpret_cast

    - by David Relihan
    So if your converting from Void* to Type* or from Type* to Void* should you use: void func(void *p) { Params *params = static_cast<Params*>(p); } or void func(void *p) { Params *params = reinterpret_cast<Params*>(p); } To me static_cast seems the more correct but I've seen both used for the same purpose. Also, does the direction of the conversion matter. i.e. should I still use static_cast for: _beginthread(func,0,static_cast<void*>(params) I have read the other questions on C++ style casting but I'm still not sure what the correct way is for this scenario (I think it is static_cast)

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  • How do I fix a noisy input device (Internal Mic)? snd_hda_intel - debug included

    - by hazrpg
    As the title says, I'm having trouble with a very noisy audio input device - the internal mic or any plugged in mics. So far I've narrowed it down to an problem in ALSA since my debug info is showing a lot of "null" values. Can anyone help? Debug Info: http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=e0c6fb7e10624bf7691aa2b405cf0d3968e56c63 Exert from the debug: model : (null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null),(null)

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  • Unity completely broken after upgrade to 12.10?

    - by NlightNFotis
    I am facing a very frustrating issue with my computer right now. I successfully upgraded to Ubuntu 12.10 this afternoon, but after the upgrade, the graphical user interface seems completely broken. To be more specific, I can not get the Unity bar to appear on the right. I have tried many things, including (but not limited to) purging and then reinstalling the fglrx drivers, apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop, apt-get install --reinstall unity, tried to remove the Xorg and Compiz configurations, checked to see if the Ubuntu Unity wall was enabled (it was) in ccsm, all to no avail. Could someone help me troubleshoot and essentially fix this issue? NOTE: This is the output when I try to enable unity via a terminal: compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: core compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: core unity-panel-service: no process found compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: reset compiz (core) - Error: Failed to load plugin: reset compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: ccp compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: ccp compizconfig - Info: Backend : gsettings compizconfig - Info: Integration : true compizconfig - Info: Profile : unity compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: composite compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: composite compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: opengl X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 153 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 22 Current serial number in output stream: 22 compiz (core) - Info: Unity is not supported by your hardware. Enabling software rendering instead (slow). compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: opengl Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 compiz (core) - Error: Plugin initScreen failed: opengl compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: opengl compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: opengl compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: decor compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: decor compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available compiz (decor) - Warn: requested a pixmap type decoration when compositing isn't available Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: imgpng compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: imgpng compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: vpswitch compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: vpswitch compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: resize compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: resize Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: compiztoolbox compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: compiztoolbox compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: move compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: move compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: gnomecompat compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: gnomecompat compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: mousepoll compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: mousepoll compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: wall compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: wall compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: wall compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: wall compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: wall compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: regex compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: regex compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: snap compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: snap compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: unitymtgrabhandles compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: unitymtgrabhandles compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: unitymtgrabhandles compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: unitymtgrabhandles compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: unitymtgrabhandles compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: place compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: place compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: grid compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: grid Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: animation compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: animation compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: animation compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: animation compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: animation compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: fade compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: fade compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: fade compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: fade compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: fade compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: session compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: session compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: expo compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: expo compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: expo compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: expo compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: expo compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: ezoom compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: ezoom compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: ezoom compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: ezoom compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: ezoom compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: workarounds compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: workarounds compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: scale compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: scale compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded. compiz (core) - Error: Plugin init failed: scale compiz (core) - Error: Failed to start plugin: scale compiz (core) - Info: Unloading plugin: scale Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: glXQueryExtensionsString is NULL for screen 0 Segmentation fault (core dumped)

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  • Listing both null and not null in mysql query

    - by tomasz
    Let's say I have the table NAME | ID | REF foo1 | 1 | NULL foo2 | 2 | 1234 foo2 | 3 | 567 foo1 | 4 | NULL foo3 | 5 | 89 I'd like to count all instances of NULL and NOT NULL in one query so that I can say NAME | null | not null foo1 | 0 | 2 foo2 | 2 | 0 foo3 | 0 | 1 I could run these two queries select NAME,count(*) from TABLE where REF is not null select NAME,count(*) from TABLE where REF is null But I'm sure there must be a simple way to do it in one mysql query.

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  • Null check error message as "is null" or "was null"

    - by Timo Westkämper
    When doing null checks in Java code, and you throw IllegalArgumentExceptions for null values, what kind of message template do you use? We tend to use something like this public User getUser(String username){ if (username == null){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("username is null"); } // ... } What is better : "is null" or "was null", and why? For me "is null" feels more natural.

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  • So which null equals this null, that null? maybe this null, or is it this null?

    - by GrumpyOldDBA
    Tuning takes many routes and I get into some interesting situations and often make some exciting finds, see http://sqlblogcasts.com/blogs/grumpyolddba/archive/2010/05/17/just-when-you-thought-it-was-safe.aspx for an example. Today I encountered a multitude of Foreign Key constraints on a table, now FKs are often candidates for indexes and as none of the defined keys had an index it required a closer look. I view foreign key constraints as somewhat of a pain, excessive keys can cause excessive related...(read more)

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  • Trying to install realtek drivers for ASUS USB-N13, encountering "Compile make driver error: 2"

    - by limp_chimp
    I'm trying to put an ASUS USB-N13 wireless adapter in my desktop running Ubuntu 12.04. The details of my problem are identical to the one described in this question: Connecting Asus USB-N13 Wireless Adapter. As such, I'm running through the exact steps laid out in the top-rated answer to that question. All was going well until I get to building the drivers. sudo bash install.sh produces the following output: ################################################## Realtek Wi-Fi driver Auto installation script Novembor, 21 2011 v1.1.0 ################################################## Decompress the driver source tar ball: rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405.tar.gz rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/autoconf_rtl8712_usb_linux.h rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/clean rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl8712_cmd.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/config rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/crypto/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/crypto/rtl871x_security.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/debug/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/debug/rtl871x_debug.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/eeprom/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/eeprom/rtl871x_eeprom.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/efuse/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/efuse/rtl8712_efuse.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/hal/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/hal/rtl8712/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/hal/rtl8712/hal_init.c [...truncated for space...] rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/ioctl/rtl871x_ioctl_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/ioctl/rtl871x_ioctl_query.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/ioctl/rtl871x_ioctl_rtl.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/ioctl/rtl871x_ioctl_set.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/Kconfig rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/led/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/led/rtl8712_led.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/Makefile rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mlme/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mlme/ieee80211.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mlme/rtl871x_mlme.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mp/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mp/rtl871x_mp.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/mp/rtl871x_mp_ioctl.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/cmd_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/ioctl_cfg80211.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/io_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/mlme_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/recv_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/rtw_android.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_dep/linux/xmit_linux.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_intf/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_intf/linux/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_intf/linux/os_intfs.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_intf/linux/usb_intf.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/os_intf/osdep_service.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/pwrctrl/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/pwrctrl/rtl871x_pwrctrl.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/recv/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/recv/rtl8712_recv.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/recv/rtl871x_recv.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/rf/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/rf/rtl8712_rf.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/rf/rtl871x_rf.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/runwpa rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/sta_mgt/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/sta_mgt/rtl871x_sta_mgt.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/wlan0dhcp rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/wpa1.conf rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/xmit/ rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/xmit/rtl8712_xmit.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/xmit/rtl871x_xmit.c rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405 Authentication requested [root] for make clean: rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko *~ rm .tmp_versions -fr ; rm Module.symvers -fr cd cmd ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd crypto ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd debug ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd eeprom ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd hal/rtl8712 ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd io ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd ioctl ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd led ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd mlme ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd mp ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd os_dep/linux ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd os_intf ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd os_intf/linux ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd pwrctrl ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd recv ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd rf ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd sta_mgt ; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd xmit; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko cd efuse; rm -fr *.mod.c *.mod *.o .*.cmd *.ko Authentication requested [root] for make driver: make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/3.2.0-23-generic/build M=/home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405 modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic' CC [M] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.o In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:23:0: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/osdep_service.h: In function ‘_init_timer’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/osdep_service.h:151:17: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_ht.h:25:0, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/drv_types.h:67, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:24: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h: In function ‘get_da’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:350:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:350:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:353:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:353:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:356:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:356:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:359:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:359:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h: In function ‘get_sa’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:374:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:374:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:377:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:377:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:380:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:380:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:383:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:383:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h: In function ‘get_hdr_bssid’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:397:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:397:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:400:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:400:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:403:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/wifi.h:403:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/drv_types.h:70:0, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:24: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_cmd.h: At top level: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_cmd.h:107:25: error: field ‘event_tasklet’ has incomplete type In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/drv_types.h:72:0, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:24: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_xmit.h:355:24: error: field ‘xmit_tasklet’ has incomplete type In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/drv_types.h:73:0, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:24: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_recv.h:205:24: error: field ‘recv_tasklet’ has incomplete type In file included from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/drv_types.h:73:0, from /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:24: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_recv.h: In function ‘rxmem_to_recvframe’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_recv.h:435:30: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/include/rtl871x_recv.h:435:9: warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size [-Wint-to-pointer-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c: In function ‘_init_cmd_priv’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:93:75: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:101:60: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c: In function ‘_init_evt_priv’: /home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.c:135:59: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] make[2]: *** [/home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/cmd/rtl871x_cmd.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [_module_/home/thinkpad20/Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405/driver/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic' make: *** [modules] Error 2 ################################################## Compile make driver error: 2 Please check error Mesg ################################################## I'm not a superuser, only a hobbyist. I really just want this to work ~.~ so I can get on with my life. Sigh. Anyway, grumbling aside, I hope people can help.

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Use Cast() and TypeOf() to Change Sequence Type

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. We’ve seen how the Select() extension method lets you project a sequence from one type to a new type which is handy for getting just parts of items, or building new items.  But what happens when the items in the sequence are already the type you want, but the sequence itself is typed to an interface or super-type instead of the sub-type you need? For example, you may have a sequence of Rectangle stored in an IEnumerable<Shape> and want to consider it an IEnumerable<Rectangle> sequence instead.  Today we’ll look at two handy extension methods, Cast<TResult>() and OfType<TResult>() which help you with this task. Cast<TResult>() – Attempt to cast all items to type TResult So, the first thing we can do would be to attempt to create a sequence of TResult from every item in the source sequence.  Typically we’d do this if we had an IEnumerable<T> where we knew that every item was actually a TResult where TResult inherits/implements T. For example, assume the typical Shape example classes: 1: // abstract base class 2: public abstract class Shape { } 3:  4: // a basic rectangle 5: public class Rectangle : Shape 6: { 7: public int Widtgh { get; set; } 8: public int Height { get; set; } 9: } And let’s assume we have a sequence of Shape where every Shape is a Rectangle… 1: var shapes = new List<Shape> 2: { 3: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 4: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 5: // ... 6: }; To get the sequence of Shape as a sequence of Rectangle, of course, we could use a Select() clause, such as: 1: // select each Shape, cast it to Rectangle 2: var rectangles = shapes 3: .Select(s => (Rectangle)s) 4: .ToList(); But that’s a bit verbose, and fortunately there is already a facility built in and ready to use in the form of the Cast<TResult>() extension method: 1: // cast each item to Rectangle and store in a List<Rectangle> 2: var rectangles = shapes 3: .Cast<Rectangle>() 4: .ToList(); However, we should note that if anything in the list cannot be cast to a Rectangle, you will get an InvalidCastException thrown at runtime.  Thus, if our Shape sequence had a Circle in it, the call to Cast<Rectangle>() would have failed.  As such, you should only do this when you are reasonably sure of what the sequence actually contains (or are willing to handle an exception if you’re wrong). Another handy use of Cast<TResult>() is using it to convert an IEnumerable to an IEnumerable<T>.  If you look at the signature, you’ll see that the Cast<TResult>() extension method actually extends the older, object-based IEnumerable interface instead of the newer, generic IEnumerable<T>.  This is your gateway method for being able to use LINQ on older, non-generic sequences.  For example, consider the following: 1: // the older, non-generic collections are sequence of object 2: var shapes = new ArrayList 3: { 4: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 13 }, 5: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 20 }, 6: // ... 7: }; Since this is an older, object based collection, we cannot use the LINQ extension methods on it directly.  For example, if I wanted to query the Shape sequence for only those Rectangles whose Width is > 5, I can’t do this: 1: // compiler error, Where() operates on IEnumerable<T>, not IEnumerable 2: var bigRectangles = shapes.Where(r => r.Width > 5); However, I can use Cast<Rectangle>() to treat my ArrayList as an IEnumerable<Rectangle> and then do the query! 1: // ah, that’s better! 2: var bigRectangles = shapes.Cast<Rectangle>().Where(r => r.Width > 5); Or, if you prefer, in LINQ query expression syntax: 1: var bigRectangles = from s in shapes.Cast<Rectangle>() 2: where s.Width > 5 3: select s; One quick warning: Cast<TResult>() only attempts to cast, it won’t perform a cast conversion.  That is, consider this: 1: var intList = new List<int> { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 }; 2:  3: // casting ints to longs, this should work, right? 4: var asLong = intList.Cast<long>().ToList(); Will the code above work?  No, you’ll get a InvalidCastException. Remember that Cast<TResult>() is an extension of IEnumerable, thus it is a sequence of object, which means that it will box every int as an object as it enumerates over it, and there is no cast conversion from object to long, and thus the cast fails.  In other words, a cast from int to long will succeed because there is a conversion from int to long.  But a cast from int to object to long will not, because you can only unbox an item by casting it to its exact type. For more information on why cast-converting boxed values doesn’t work, see this post on The Dangers of Casting Boxed Values (here). OfType<TResult>() – Filter sequence to only items of type TResult So, we’ve seen how we can use Cast<TResult>() to change the type of our sequence, when we expect all the items of the sequence to be of a specific type.  But what do we do when a sequence contains many different types, and we are only concerned with a subset of a given type? For example, what if a sequence of Shape contains Rectangle and Circle instances, and we just want to select all of the Rectangle instances?  Well, let’s say we had this sequence of Shape: 1: var shapes = new List<Shape> 2: { 3: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 4: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 5: new Circle { Radius = 10 }, 6: new Square { Side = 13 }, 7: // ... 8: }; Well, we could get the rectangles using Select(), like: 1: var onlyRectangles = shapes.Where(s => s is Rectangle).ToList(); But fortunately, an easier way has already been written for us in the form of the OfType<T>() extension method: 1: // returns only a sequence of the shapes that are Rectangles 2: var onlyRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>().ToList(); Now we have a sequence of only the Rectangles in the original sequence, we can also use this to chain other queries that depend on Rectangles, such as: 1: // select only Rectangles, then filter to only those more than 2: // 5 units wide... 3: var onlyBigRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>() 4: .Where(r => r.Width > 5) 5: .ToList(); The OfType<Rectangle>() will filter the sequence to only the items that are of type Rectangle (or a subclass of it), and that results in an IEnumerable<Rectangle>, we can then apply the other LINQ extension methods to query that list further. Just as Cast<TResult>() is an extension method on IEnumerable (and not IEnumerable<T>), the same is true for OfType<T>().  This means that you can use OfType<TResult>() on object-based collections as well. For example, given an ArrayList containing Shapes, as below: 1: // object-based collections are a sequence of object 2: var shapes = new ArrayList 3: { 4: new Rectangle { Width = 3, Height = 5 }, 5: new Rectangle { Width = 10, Height = 13 }, 6: new Circle { Radius = 10 }, 7: new Square { Side = 13 }, 8: // ... 9: }; We can use OfType<Rectangle> to filter the sequence to only Rectangle items (and subclasses), and then chain other LINQ expressions, since we will then be of type IEnumerable<Rectangle>: 1: // OfType() converts the sequence of object to a new sequence 2: // containing only Rectangle or sub-types of Rectangle. 3: var onlyBigRectangles = shapes.OfType<Rectangle>() 4: .Where(r => r.Width > 5) 5: .ToList(); Summary So now we’ve seen two different ways to get a sequence of a superclass or interface down to a more specific sequence of a subclass or implementation.  The Cast<TResult>() method casts every item in the source sequence to type TResult, and the OfType<TResult>() method selects only those items in the source sequence that are of type TResult. You can use these to downcast sequences, or adapt older types and sequences that only implement IEnumerable (such as DataTable, ArrayList, etc.). Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,LINQ,Little Wonders,TypeOf,Cast,IEnumerable<T>

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  • Check parameters annotated with @Nonnull for null?

    - by David Harkness
    We've begun using FindBugs with and annotating our parameters with @Nonnull appropriately, and it works great to point out bugs early in the cycle. So far we have continued checking these arguments for null using Guava's checkNotNull, but I would prefer to check for null only at the edges--places where the value can come in without having been checked for null, e.g., a SOAP request. // service layer accessible from outside public Person createPerson(@CheckForNull String name) { return new Person(Preconditions.checkNotNull(name)); } ... // internal constructor accessed only by the service layer public Person(@Nonnull String name) { this.name = Preconditions.checkNotNull(name); // remove this check? } I understand that @Nonnull does not block null values itself. However, given that FindBugs will point out anywhere a value is transferred from an unmarked field to one marked @Nonnull, can't we depend on it to catch these cases (which it does) without having to check these values for null everywhere they get passed around in the system? Am I naive to want to trust the tool and avoid these verbose checks? Bottom line: While it seems safe to remove the second null check below, is it bad practice? This question is perhaps too similar to Should one check for null if he does not expect null, but I'm asking specifically in relation to the @Nonnull annotation.

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  • Get non-overlapping dates ranges for prices history data

    - by Anonymouse
    Hello, Let's assume that I have the following table: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PricesHist]( [Product] varchar NOT NULL, [Price] [float] NOT NULL, [StartDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [EndDate] [datetime] NOT NULL ) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D2C00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D2C00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D2D00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D2D00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 2.5, CAST(0x00009D2E00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D2E00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3000000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3000000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3100000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3100000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3400000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3400000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 2.5, CAST(0x00009D3500000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3500000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3600000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3600000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3700000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3700000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3800000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3800000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3A00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3A00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3B00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3B00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 2.5, CAST(0x00009D3C00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3C00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3D00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3D00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3E00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3E00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D3F00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D3F00000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4100000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4100000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4200000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4200000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 2.5, CAST(0x00009D4300000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4300000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4400000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4400000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4500000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4500000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4600000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4600000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 4.9, CAST(0x00009D4800000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4800000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[PricesHist] ([Product], [Price], [StartDate], [EndDate]) VALUES (N'Apples', 2.5, CAST(0x00009D4A00000000 AS DateTime), CAST(0x00009D4A00000000 AS DateTime)) As you can see, there are two prices on that month for Apples. 4.90 and 2.50. In order to tidy this table up, I need to get this information as a date range rather than a row per day as it currently is. I can obviously do this with Min and Max aggregates easily but the ranges overlap and other business code expect non-overlapping ranges. I also tried to achieve this with self joins and row_number(), but without much success... Here is what I'm trying to achieve as the output: Product | StartDate | EndDate | Price ------------------------------------------- Apples | 01 Mar 2010 | 02 Mar 2010 | 4.90 Apples | 03 Mar 2010 | 03 Mar 2010 | 2.50 Apples | 05 Mar 2010 | 09 Mar 2010 | 4.90 Apples | 10 Mar 2010 | 10 Mar 2010 | 2.50 Apples | 11 Mar 2010 | 16 Mar 2010 | 4.90 Apples | 17 Mar 2010 | 17 Mar 2010 | 2.50 Apples | 18 Mar 2010 | 23 Mar 2010 | 4.90 Apples | 24 Mar 2010 | 24 Mar 2010 | 2.50 Apples | 25 Mar 2010 | 30 Mar 2010 | 4.90 Apples | 31 Mar 2010 | 31 Mar 2010 | 2.50 What would please be the best approach to get this done? Thanks a lot in advance,

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  • Trouble with a query

    - by Mark Allison
    Hi there, I'm having trouble with a query in SQL Server 2008 on some forex trading data. I have a trades table and an orders table. A trade needs to comprise of 2 or more orders. DDL schema and sample data below. What I want to do is write a query that shows the profit/loss in pips for each trade. A pip is 1/1000th of a currency. So the difference between USD 1.3441 and 1.3442 is 1 pip in forex-speak. A trade usually has one entry order and multiple exit orders. So for example if I buy 3 lots of the currency pair GBP/USD at the exchange rate of 1.6100 and then sell 1 lot at 1.6150, 1 lot at 1.6200 and 1 lot at 1.6250 then the profit is (1.6150 - 1.6100) + (1.6200 - 1.6100) + (1.6250 - 1.6100), or 50 + 100 + 150 = 300 pips profit. The trade could also go the other way (Shorting). For example the currency pair can be sold first before it's bought back later at a cheaper price. I would like a query that returns the following: tradeId, currencyPair, profitInPips It seems like a pretty straightforward query, but it's eluding me right now. Here's my DDL and sample data: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[trades]( [tradeId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [currencyPair] [char](6) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_trades] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [tradeId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[trades] ON INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (1, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (2, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (3, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (4, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (5, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (6, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (7, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (8, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (9, N'GBPUSD') INSERT [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId], [currencyPair]) VALUES (10, N'GBPUSD') SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[trades] OFF GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[orders]( [orderId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [tradeId] [int] NOT NULL, [amount] [decimal](18, 1) NOT NULL, [buySell] [char](1) NOT NULL, [rate] [decimal](18, 6) NOT NULL, [orderDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_orders] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [orderId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO SET ANSI_PADDING OFF GO SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[orders] ON INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (1, 1, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.606500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF40083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (2, 1, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.615500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF400A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (3, 2, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.608000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF500000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (4, 2, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.603000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF50083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (5, 2, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.605500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF50107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (6, 3, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.595500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF70083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (7, 3, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.590500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF700C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (8, 3, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.594500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CF701499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (9, 4, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.611000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (10, 4, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.616000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB00A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (11, 4, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.611500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFB0107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (12, 5, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (13, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.618000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (14, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.623000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFC0083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (15, 5, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.628000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009CFD00C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (16, 6, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.632000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D020083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (17, 6, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.637000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0200A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (18, 6, CAST(2.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.630000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0200C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (19, 7, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.634500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0201499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (20, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.639500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0300000000 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (21, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.644500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D030083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (22, 7, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.637500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0300C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (23, 8, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.625000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0400C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (24, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.620000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D050083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (25, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.615000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0500A4CB80 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (26, 8, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.623000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D050107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (27, 9, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.618000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600C5C100 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (28, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600D63BC0 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (29, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.608000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0600E6B680 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (30, 9, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.613300 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0601391C40 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (31, 10, CAST(3.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'B', CAST(1.614500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D090083D600 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (32, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.619500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D090107AC00 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (33, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.624500 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0901499700 AS DateTime)) INSERT [dbo].[orders] ([orderId], [tradeId], [amount], [buySell], [rate], [orderDateTime]) VALUES (34, 10, CAST(1.0 AS Decimal(18, 1)), N'S', CAST(1.619000 AS Decimal(18, 6)), CAST(0x00009D0A0083D600 AS DateTime)) SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[orders] OFF /****** Object: ForeignKey [FK_orders_trades] Script Date: 04/02/2010 15:05:31 ******/ ALTER TABLE [dbo].[orders] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_orders_trades] FOREIGN KEY([tradeId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[trades] ([tradeId]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[orders] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_orders_trades] GO Thanks in advance for any help!

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  • MySql query optimization help

    - by rohitgu
    I have few queries and am not able to figure out how to optimize them, QUERY 1 select * from t_twitter_tracking where classified is null and tweetType='ENGLISH' order by id limit 500; QUERY 2 Select count(*) as cnt, DATE_FORMAT(CONVERT_TZ(wrdTrk.createdOnGMTDate,'+00:00','+05:30'),'%Y-%m-%d') as dat from t_twitter_tracking wrdTrk where wrdTrk.word like ('dell') and CONVERT_TZ(wrdTrk.createdOnGMTDate,'+00:00','+05:30') between '2010-12-12 00:00:00' and '2010-12-26 00:00:00' group by dat; Both these queries run on the same table, CREATE TABLE `t_twitter_tracking` ( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `word` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, `tweetId` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `twtText` VARCHAR(800) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `language` TEXT NULL, `links` TEXT NULL, `tweetType` VARCHAR(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `source` TEXT NULL, `sourceStripped` TEXT NULL, `isTruncated` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `inReplyToStatusId` BIGINT(30) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `inReplyToUserId` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `rtUsrProfilePicUrl` TEXT NULL, `isFavorited` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `inReplyToScreenName` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `latitude` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `longitude` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `retweetedStatus` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `statusInReplyToStatusId` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `statusInReplyToUserId` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `statusFavorited` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `statusInReplyToScreenName` TEXT NULL, `screenName` TEXT NULL, `profilePicUrl` TEXT NULL, `twitterId` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL, `name` TEXT NULL, `location` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `bio` TEXT NULL, `url` TEXT NULL COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci', `utcOffset` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `timeZone` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `frenCnt` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT '0', `createdAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL, `createdOnGMT` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `createdOnServerTime` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL, `follCnt` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT '0', `favCnt` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT '0', `totStatusCnt` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `usrCrtDate` VARCHAR(200) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `humanSentiment` VARCHAR(30) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `replied` BIT(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `replyMsg` TEXT NULL, `classified` INT(32) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `createdOnGMTDate` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL, `locationDetail` TEXT NULL, `geonameid` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `country` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `continent` CHAR(2) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `placeLongitude` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL, `placeLatitude` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), INDEX `id` (`id`, `word`), INDEX `createdOnGMT_index` (`createdOnGMT`) USING BTREE, INDEX `word_index` (`word`) USING BTREE, INDEX `location_index` (`location`) USING BTREE, INDEX `classified_index` (`classified`) USING BTREE, INDEX `tweetType_index` (`tweetType`) USING BTREE, INDEX `getunclassified_index` (`classified`, `tweetType`) USING BTREE, INDEX `timeline_index` (`word`, `createdOnGMTDate`, `classified`) USING BTREE, INDEX `createdOnGMTDate_index` (`createdOnGMTDate`) USING BTREE, INDEX `locdetail_index` (`country`, `id`) USING BTREE, FULLTEXT INDEX `twtText_index` (`twtText`) ) COLLATE='utf8_general_ci' ENGINE=MyISAM ROW_FORMAT=DEFAULT AUTO_INCREMENT=12608048; The table has more than 10 million records. How can I optimize it?

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  • PHP: why is this null different from the other null

    - by matthy
    hi i tried 2 things what should be the same however it my testing says different does anyone know why the only thing i do is put it in a variable... if ($_SESSION[$something] === null) echo("this is null"); $_SESSION[$something] does not exists so it indeed says: "this is null". now look at this $theSession = $_SESSION[$something]; if (theSession === null) echo("this is null"); now it does not say "this is null" while it should be exactly the same right?

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  • Difference between null==object and object==null

    - by priyank.mp
    Hi I would like to know diff between the above comparisons? I am getting null pointer exception when I check object.getItems() == null. But if I change it to null == object.getItems(), it workes fine. I did look into this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2938476/what-is-the-difference-between-null-object-and-objectnull-closed But I didnt get satisfactory answer.

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  • "Null" is null or not an object error in IE javascript

    - by user89691
    The following code executes fine in Firefox and Chrome, but gives an error: 'null' is null or not an object when executed in Internet Explorer. if (xmlhttp.responseXML != null) { var xmlDoc = xmlhttp.responseXML.documentElement ; var ResultNodes = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName ("Result") ; <---- error here if (ResultNodes != null) { (I would have thought the line after the one indicated would be more likely to return the error but the debugger says the run-time error is at the line indicated) Any ideas why?

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  • "Null" is null or not an object error in IE javascript

    - by rossmcm
    The following code executes fine in Firefox and Chrome, but gives an error: 'null' is null or not an object when executed in Internet Explorer. if (xmlhttp.responseXML != null) { var xmlDoc = xmlhttp.responseXML.documentElement ; var ResultNodes = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName ("Result") ; <---- error here if (ResultNodes != null) { (I would have thought the line after the one indicated would be more likely to return the error but the debugger says the run-time error is at the line indicated) Any ideas why?

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  • Null object that is not null

    - by Guillaume
    Hello, I use 2 threads to act like a produce/consumer using double queue (http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/DoubleQueue.aspx). Sometimes in my 2nd thread, I get an object that is NULL but it should not be as I filled it in the first thread. I tried this: if(myObject.Data == null) { Console.WriteLine("Null Object") // <-- Breakpoint here } When I my break point hits, I can watch myObject.Data and indeed it's NULL, but when I hit F10 and then go to the next line (which is } ) myObject.Data is not NULL. I also added a lock on myObject before if .... to be sure that no one whould use this object. How is that possible and what can I do ?

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  • Returning null vs Throwing exceptions

    - by Svish
    Is in a bit of disagreement with a more experienced developer on this issue, and was wondering what you guys here think about this. Environment is Java, EJB 3, services, etc. The code I wrote calls a service to get things and to create things. Problem was that I got null pointer exceptions in places that didn't make sense. For example when I asked the service to create an object, I got null back. And when I tried to look up an object with an id I knew existed, I still got null back. Was like it was ignoring me. Spent some time trying to figure out what was wrong in my code (since I'm less experienced I usually assume I have messed up). Turns out the reason was security. If the user principal using my service didn't have the right permissions to use the service I called from my service, then that service simply returned null. The services that are here already are usually not documented either, so this is just something you have to know... somehow... So here is the thing: I mean that this is rather confusing as a developer interacting with this service. To me it would make much more sense if that service thew an exception which would tell me that hey, you don't have the proper permissions to get info about this thing or to create this new thing. I would then immediately know why my service wasn't working as expected. However, he argued that asking is not wrong. Exceptions should only be thrown when there is an error and asking for a thing is not an error. Even if you don't have permission to "see" that the thing you asked for. The things are often looked up in a GUI by users and for those users not having the right permissions, these things simply "do not exist". So, in short: Asking is not wrong, hence no exception. Get methods return null because to those users those things "doesn't exist". Create methods return null because nothing was created, since the user wasn't allowed to create anything. So, what do you guys think? Is this normal and/or good practice? I prefer exceptions as I prefer throwing and catching exceptions because I find it much easier to know what's going on. So I would for example also prefer to throw a NotFoundException if you asked for an id which didn't exist, rather than returning null. Anyways, just curious to what others think about this as I'm not the most experienced developer yet.

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  • MySQL Database Query Problem

    - by moustafa
    I need your help!!!. I need to query a table in my database that has record of goods sold. I want the query to detect a particular product and also calculate the quantity sold. The product are 300 now, but it would increase in the future. Below is a sample of my DB Table #---------------------------- # Table structure for litorder #---------------------------- CREATE TABLE `litorder` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `address` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `xdate` date NOT NULL default '0000-00-00', `ref` varchar(20) NOT NULL default '', `code1` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code2` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code3` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code4` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code5` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code6` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code7` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code8` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code9` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code10` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code11` varchar(50) character set latin1 collate latin1_bin NOT NULL default '', `code12` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code13` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code14` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code15` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `product1` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product2` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product3` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product4` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product5` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product6` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product7` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product8` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product9` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product10` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product11` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product12` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product13` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product14` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product15` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `price1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `totalNaira` double(20,0) NOT NULL default '0', `totalDollar` int(20) NOT NULL default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='InnoDB free: 4096 kB; InnoDB free: 4096 kB; InnoDB free: 409'; #---------------------------- # Records for table litorder #---------------------------- insert into litorder values (27, 'Sanyaolu Fisayo', '14 Adegboyega Street Palmgrove Lagos', '2010-05-31', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 002', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- HAUSA', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 16, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12800, 12800, 60000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '85600', 563), (28, 'Irenonse Esther', 'Lagos,Nigeria', '2010-06-01', '', 'DL 005', 'DL 008', 'FC 004', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'GET HEALTHY DVD', 'YOUR FUTURE DVD', 'FOREVER FACE CAP (YELLOW)', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 1000, 900, 2000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2000, 1800, 6000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '9800', 64), (29, 'Kalu Lekway', 'Lagos, Nigeria', '2010-06-01', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2400, 18000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '20400', 133), (30, 'Dele', 'Ilupeju', '2010-06-02', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8000, 30000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '38000', 250);

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  • null coalescing operator for javascript?

    - by Daniel Schaffer
    I assumed this question has already been asked here, but I couldn't find any, so here it goes: Is there a null coalescing operator in Javascript? For example, in C#, I can do this: String someString = null; var whatIWant = someString ?? "Cookies!"; The best approximation I can figure out for Javascript is using the conditional operator: var someString = null; var whatIWant = someString ? someString : 'Cookies!'; Which is sorta icky IMHO. Can I do better?

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  • wcf web service in post method, object properties are null, although the object is not null

    - by Abdalhadi Kolayb
    i have this problem in post method when i send object parameter to the method, then the object is not null, but all its properties have the default values. here is data module: [DataContract] public class Products { [DataMember(Order = 1)] public int ProdID { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public string ProdName { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 3)] public float PrpdPrice { get; set; } } and here is the interface: [OperationContract] [WebInvoke( Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "AddProduct", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.WrappedRequest, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)] string AddProduct([MessageParameter(Name = "prod")]Products prod); public string AddProduct(Products prod) { ProductsList.Add(prod); return "return string"; } here is the json request: Content-type:application/json {"prod":[{"ProdID": 111,"ProdName": "P111","PrpdPrice": 111}]} but in the server the object received: {"prod":[{"ProdID": 0,"ProdName": NULL,"PrpdPrice": 0}]}

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  • Oral Tradition Check: Two Hundred Meanings for "NULL" in SQL

    - by Thomas L Holaday
    Two decades ago, the topic of "NULL" came up in conversation with a scholarly colleague. As I remember it, he said that C.J.Date, in an essay critical of commercial implementations of SQL, had listed over two hundred meanings for NULL. To my regret, I did not persist the details; but finding that list has since been on my Bucket List. Has anyone else heard this legend? Was it perhaps not Date, but another critic of commercial implementations of SQL?

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