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  • Orthographic Projection with variable FOV

    - by cubrman
    We are building agame with orthographic view. The problem we face is the fact that with different resolution you can see different area of the game world. E.g. if you have higher resolution you can see more around you. To solve this we currently use a common scale factor that every model is scaled by, depending on resolution. But this has drawbacks when drawing shadows - I cannot set a higher view angle for the orthographic shadow camera, while when using the perspective shadow camera I get significantly worse shadow quality. So the question is is there any way to controll FOV when using orthographic projection, or, more specifically, what is the easiest way to scale the world uniformly up or down with orthographic projection matrix? I saw that in 3ds MAX you can control FOV for an orthographic camera I wonder how they implemented it.

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  • Simulating 3D 'cards' with just orthographic rendering

    - by meds
    I am rendering textured quads from an orthographic perspective and would like to simulate 'depth' by modifying UVs and the vertex positions of the quads four points (top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right). I've found if I make the top left and bottom right corners y position be the same I don't get a linear 'skew' but rather a warped one where the texture covering the top triangle (which makes up the quad) seems to get squashed while the bottom triangles texture looks normal. I can change UVs, any of the four points on the quad (but only in 2D space, it's orthographic projection anyway so 3D space won't matter much). So basically I'm trying to simulate perspective on a two dimensional quad in orthographic projection, any ideas? Is it even mathematically possible/feasible? ideally what I'd like is a situation where I can set an x/y rotation as well as a virtual z 'position' (which simulates z depth) through a function and see it internally calclate the positions/uvs to create the 3D effect. It seems like this should all be mathematical where a set of 2D transforms can be applied to each corner of the quad to simulate depth, I just don't know how to make it happen. I'd guess it requires trigonometry or something, I'm trying to crunch the math but not making much progress. here's what I mean: Top left is just the card, center is the card with a y rotation of X degrees and right most is a card with an x and y rotation of different degrees.

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  • WPF Orthographic Camera. Region of view

    - by Evgeny
    Hello. I added Orthographic Camera to my project. I want to show my chart on screen proportional. For example height is 4 and width 4 (region from -2 to 2). I set width to 4 and it perfectly fit my square in widht. but i have problem with height. The chart top and bottom is always out of screen space. Why this happens and how to set to camera view the same width and height ? Camera position: 0,0,5 Viewport have size: 571.5x497 On image we can see on vertical axis points from 2 to -2 but on vertical much more. How to make them same? Image: http://i076.radikal.ru/1003/96/273c74ed9add.png Sorry for my English.

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  • Orthographic Zooming with 0,0 at top/left

    - by Sean M.
    I'm trying to implement zooming on my 2D game. Since it's using orthographic projection, I thought it would be easy to implement zooming. After looking around the internet, I found a bunch of explanations and samples on how to do this if (0,0) is the center of the screen with the orthographic projection. The problem is, my ortho projection has (0,0) at the top-left (similar to XNA/Monogame, and a couple others). I could not find any examples about how to implement zooming to the center of the screen when the center is not (0,0). And help/links/code examples would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Picture rendered from above and below using an Orthographic camera do not match

    - by Roy T.
    I'm using an orthographic camera to render slices of a model (in order to voxelize it). I render each slice both from above and below in order to determine what is inside each slice. I am using an orthographic camera The model I render is a simple 'T' shape constructed from two cubes. The cubes have the same dimensions and have the same Y (height) coordinate. See figure 1 for a render of it in Blender. I render this model once directly from above and once directly from below. My expectation was that I would get exactly the same image (except for mirroring over the y-axis). However when I render using a very low resolution render target (25x25) the position (in pixels) of the 'T' is different when rendered from above as opposed to rendered from below. See figure 2 and 3. The pink blocks are not part of the original rendering but I've added them so you can easily count/see the differences. Figure 2: the T rendered from above Figure 3: the T rendered from below This is probably due to what I've read about pixel and texel coordinates which might be biased to the top-left as seen from the camera. Since I'm using the same 'up' vector for both of my camera's my bias only shows on the x-axis. I've tried to change the position of the camera and it's look-at by, what I thought, should be half a pixel. I've tried both shifting a single camera and shifting both cameras and while I see some effect I am not able to get a pixel-by-pixel perfect copy from both camera's. Here I initialize the camera and compute, what I believe to be, half pixel. boundsDimX and boundsDimZ is a slightly enlarged bounding box around the model which I also use as the width and height of the view volume of the orthographic camera. Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(boundsDimX, boundsDimZ, 0.5f, sliceHeight + 0.5f); Vector3 halfPixel = new Vector3(boundsDimX / (float)renderTarget.Width, 0, boundsDimY / (float)renderTarget.Height) * 0.5f; This is the code where I set the camera position and camera look ats // Position camera if (downwards) { float cameraHeight = bounds.Max.Y + 0.501f - (sliceHeight * i); Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3 ( boundsCentre.X, // possibly adjust by half a pixel? cameraHeight, boundsCentre.Z ); camera.Position = cameraPosition; camera.LookAt = new Vector3(cameraPosition.X, cameraHeight - 1.0f, cameraPosition.Z); } else { float cameraHeight = bounds.Max.Y - 0.501f - (sliceHeight * i); Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3 ( boundsCentre.X, cameraHeight, boundsCentre.Z ); camera.Position = cameraPosition; camera.LookAt = new Vector3(cameraPosition.X, cameraHeight + 1.0f, cameraPosition.Z); } Main Question Now you've seen all the problems and code you can guess it. My main question is. How do I align both camera's so that they each render exactly the same image (mirrored along the Y axis)? Figure 1 the original model rendered in blender

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  • Obtaining a world point from a screen point with an orthographic projection

    - by vargonian
    I assumed this was a straightforward problem but it has been plaguing me for days. I am creating a 2D game with an orthographic camera. I am using a 3D camera rather than just hacking it because I want to support rotating, panning, and zooming. Unfortunately the math overwhelms me when I'm trying to figure out how to determine if a clicked point intersects a bounds (let's say rectangular) in the game. I was under the impression that I could simply transform the screen point (the clicked point) by the inverse of the camera's View * Projection matrix to obtain the world coordinates of the clicked point. Unfortunately this is not the case at all; I get some point that seems to be in some completely different coordinate system. So then as a sanity check I tried taking an arbitrary world point and transforming it by the camera's View*Projection matrices. Surely this should get me the corresponding screen point, but even that didn't work, and it is quickly shattering any illusion I had that I understood 3D coordinate systems and the math involved. So, if I could form this into a question: How would I use my camera's state information (view and projection matrices, for instance) to transform a world point to a screen point, and vice versa? I hope the problem will be simpler since I'm using an orthographic camera and can make several assumptions from that. I very much appreciate any help. If it makes a difference, I'm using XNA Game Studio.

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  • Z Order in 2D with orthographic projection and texture atlas

    - by Carbon Crystal
    I am working with a 2D game in OpenGL ES and have a question about z-order together with a texture atlas. I am using an orthographic projection because I want pixel-perfect rendering of 2D sprites, however from what I can determine the draw order is really the only thing that will determine which textures (sprites) appear above or below their neighbors. That is, the "z-index" is a function of the order in which the textures are drawn as opposed to the z coordinate on the vertex array being drawn. So.. I have a texture atlas to save binding multiple textures for each draw call but this immediately creates a problem if there is more than one atlas in play. If I need to draw textures from more than one atlas (typically the case if I have too many sprites to fit in a single atlas of a reasonable size), then I can't maintain a "draw order" across atlases unless I want to bind/unbind the atlas textures more than once.. which kinda defeats the purpose. Does anyone have any clues as to what the best approach is here? Currently I'm running under an assumption that I will have to declare different fixed "depths" (e.g foreground, background etc) in my 2D scene and assume that the z-order for sprites at a given depth is the same. Then I can have as many atlases as I need at each depth and simply draw the depths in order (along with their associated atlases) I'd love to hear what other people are doing.

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  • Orthographic Projection Issue

    - by Nick
    I have a problem with my Ortho Matrix. The engine uses the perspective projection fine but for some reason the Ortho matrix is messed up. (See screenshots below). Can anyone understand what is happening here? At the min I am taking the Projection matrix * Transform (Translate, rotate, scale) and passing to the Vertex shader to multiply the Vertices by it. VIDEO Shows the same scene, rotating on the Y axis. http://youtu.be/2feiZAIM9Y0 void Matrix4f::InitOrthoProjTransform(float left, float right, float top, float bottom, float zNear, float zFar) { m[0][0] = 2 / (right - left); m[0][1] = 0; m[0][2] = 0; m[0][3] = 0; m[1][0] = 0; m[1][1] = 2 / (top - bottom); m[1][2] = 0; m[1][3] = 0; m[2][0] = 0; m[2][1] = 0; m[2][2] = -1 / (zFar - zNear); m[2][3] = 0; m[3][0] = -(right + left) / (right - left); m[3][1] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[3][2] = -zNear / (zFar - zNear); m[3][3] = 1; } This is what happens with Ortho Matrix: This is the Perspective Matrix:

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  • Using GLOrtho to view Side, Front, Top perspectives of a 3D scene

    - by talldan
    Dear all, I'm building a game level editing app as part of a university project. In my application I have multiple viewports, a Perspective viewport and three orthographic views all setup to view the same scene. I've successfuly setup the orthographic views and can translate and scale them to mimic scrolling and zooming. Unfortunately, I'm having one problem - my scene still contains 3 dimensions, so objects viewed in orthographic mode of certain depths are clipped when they fall outside of my clipping volume. Most 3D authoring tools or level editors allow you to view all objects in orthographic mode regardless of depth. I guess what I need to do is scale my scene in the appropriate dimension so that all values lie between 1 and -1, is there a straightforward way of going about this? Or is there a different better approach. Thanks very much for your help, Dan

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  • How to create an Orthographic display in OpenGL (ES) that handles different screen sizes and orientations?

    - by Piku
    I'm trying to create an iPad/iPhone game using GLES2.0 that contains a 3D scene with a heads-up-display/GUI overlaid on the top. However, this problem would also apply if I were to port my game to a computer and run the game in a resizable window, or allow the user to change screen resolutions... When trying to make the 2D GUI/HUD work I've made the assumption that all I'm really doing is drawing a load of 2D textured 'quads' on the screen and am trying to treat the orthographic projection as an old-style 2D display with 0,0 in the upper left and screenWidth,ScreenHeight in the lower right. This causes me all sorts of confusion when I rotate my ipad into Landscape mode since I can't work out what to put into my projection and modelview matrices to turn everything around the right way. It also gets messy if I want to support the iPad's large screen, an iPhone or a Retina display since I have to then draw three sets of textures for everything and work out which ones to use. Should I be trying to map the 2D OpenGL co-ords 1:1 with the screen? While typing out this question it occurs to me that I could keep my origin in the centre, still running -1/+1 along the axes. This would let me scale my 2D content appropriately on the different screen sizes, but wouldn't I end up with the textures being scaled and possibly losing quality? I'm using OpenGLES 2.0 and have a matrix library that has equivalents to the GLES1.1 glOrthof() and glFrustrum() calls.

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  • How can I create an orthographic display that handles different screen dimensions?

    - by Piku
    I'm trying to create an iPad/iPhone game using GLES2.0 that contains a 3D scene with a heads-up-display/GUI overlaid on the top. However, this problem would also apply if I were to port my game to a computer and run the game in a resizable window, or allow the user to change screen resolutions... When trying to make the 2D GUI/HUD work I've made the assumption that all I'm really doing is drawing a load of 2D textured 'quads' on the screen and am trying to treat the orthographic projection as an old-style 2D display with 0,0 in the upper left and screenWidth,ScreenHeight in the lower right. This causes me all sorts of confusion when I rotate my ipad into Landscape mode since I can't work out what to put into my projection and modelview matrices to turn everything around the right way. It also gets messy if I want to support the iPad's large screen, an iPhone or a Retina display since I have to then draw three sets of textures for everything and work out which ones to use. Should I be trying to map the 2D OpenGL co-ords 1:1 with the screen? While typing out this question it occurs to me that I could keep my origin in the centre, still running -1/+1 along the axes. This would let me scale my 2D content appropriately on the different screen sizes, but wouldn't I end up with the textures being scaled and possibly losing quality? I'm using OpenGLES 2.0 and have a matrix library that has equivalents to the GLES1.1 glOrthof() and glFrustrum() calls.

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  • How do I reconstruct depth in deferred rendering using an orthographic projection?

    - by Jeremie
    I've been trying to get my world space position of my pixel but I4m missing something. I'm using a orthographic view for a 2.5d game. My depth is linear and this is my code. float3 lightPos = lightPosition; float2 texCoord = PostProjToScreen(PSIn.lightPosition)+halfPixel; float depth = tex2D(depthMap, texCoord); float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x *2-1; position.y = (1-texCoord.y)*2-1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1; position = mul(position, inViewProjection); //position.xyz/=position.w; // I comment it but even without it it doesn't work float4 normal = (tex2D(normalMap, texCoord)-.5f) * 2; normal = normalize(normal); float3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPos-position); float att = saturate(1.0f - length(lightDirection) /attenuation); float lightning = saturate (dot(normal, lightDirection)); lightning*= brightness; return float4(lightColor* lightning*att, 1); I'm using a sphere but it's not working the way I want. I reproject the texture properly onto the sphere but the light coordinates in the pixel shader seems to be stuck at zero even if when I move the light volume update properly.

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  • OpenGL/SharpGL - Points only on -near surface of Ortho projection?

    - by FTLPhysicsGuy
    When you create points using three dimensions for each point and you use an Ortho projection to view the points, would there be a reason that only the points on the -near surface would appear? For example, if you use (the SharpGL method) gl.Ortho(0, width, height, 0, -10, 10), only the points at z=10 (because the near surface is at -10) actually show up. I'm currently using SharpGL - but I'm hoping the issue I'm having isn't with that particular implementation/library. EDIT: I'm adding the code below that demonstrates the issue. Note that this example requires SharpGL and is in fact a modification of a WPF sample project that comes with the current SharpGL source code (the original sample project is called TwoDSample). The project requires a MainWindow.xaml and a MainWindow.xaml.cs. Here's the xaml: <Window x:Class="TwoDSample.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" xmlns:my="clr-namespace:SharpGL.WPF;assembly=SharpGL.WPF"> <Grid> <my:OpenGLControl Name="openGLControl1" OpenGLDraw="openGLControl1_OpenGLDraw" OpenGLInitialized="openGLControl1_OpenGLInitialized" Resized="openGLControl1_Resized"/> </Grid> </Window> Here is the code behind: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Navigation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using SharpGL.Enumerations; namespace TwoDSample { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } // NOTE: I use this to restrict the openGLControl1_OpenGLDraw method to // drawing only once after m_drawCount is set to zero; int m_drawCount = 0; private void openGLControl1_OpenGLDraw(object sender, SharpGL.SceneGraph.OpenGLEventArgs args) { // NOTE: Only draw once after m_drawCount is set to zero if (m_drawCount < 1) { // Get the OpenGL instance. var gl = args.OpenGL; gl.Color(1f, 0f, 0f); gl.PointSize(2.0f); // Draw 10000 random points. gl.Begin(BeginMode.Points); Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { double x = 10 + 400 * random.NextDouble(); double y = 10 + 400 * random.NextDouble(); double z = (double)random.Next(-10, 0); // Color the point according to z value gl.Color(0f, 0f, 1f); // default to blue if (z == -10) gl.Color(1f, 0f, 0f); // Red for z = -10 else if (z == -1) gl.Color(0f, 1f, 0f); // Green for z = -1 gl.Vertex(x, y, z); } gl.End(); m_drawCount++; } } private void openGLControl1_OpenGLInitialized(object sender, SharpGL.SceneGraph.OpenGLEventArgs args) { } private void openGLControl1_Resized(object sender, SharpGL.SceneGraph.OpenGLEventArgs args) { // NOTE: force the draw routine to happen again when resize occurs m_drawCount = 0; // Get the OpenGL instance. var gl = args.OpenGL; // Create an orthographic projection. gl.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection); gl.LoadIdentity(); // NOTE: Basically no matter what I do, the only points I see are those at // the "near" surface (with z = -zNear)--in this case, I only see green points gl.Ortho(0, openGLControl1.ActualWidth, openGLControl1.ActualHeight, 0, 1, 10); // Back to the modelview. gl.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview); } } }

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  • Orthogonal projection and texture coordinates in opengl

    - by knuck
    I'm writing a 2D game in Opengl. I already set up the orthogonal projection so I can easily know where a quad will end up on screen. The problem is, I also want to be able to map pixels directly to texture coords, so I also applied an orthogonal transformation (using gluOrtho2d) to the texture. Now I can map pixels directly using integers and glTexCoord2i. The thing is, after googling/reading/asking, I found out no one really knows (apparently) the behavior of glTexCoord2i, but it works just fine the way I'm using. Some sample test code I wrote follows: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2i(16,0); glVertex2f(X, Y); glTexCoord2i(16,16); glVertex2f(X, Y+32); glTexCoord2i(32, 16); glVertex2f(X+32, Y+32); glTexCoord2i(32, 0); glVertex2f(X+32, Y); glEnd(); So, is there any problem with what I'm doing, or is what I'm doing correct?

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  • Using CreateOrthographicOffCenter in XNA

    - by Jeffrey Kern
    I'm trying to figure out how to draw graphics in XNA, and someone else suggested this. But before I attempt to use this... If I create and use this camera, and set LEFT,TOP to 0 and WIDTH=256 and HEIGHT=240, anything I render to the screen will use these coordinates? So a box with a width and height of 1, if set to 0,0 will take up space from 0,0 to 1,1?

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  • switch from glOrtho to gluPerspective

    - by Knitex
    I have a car draw at (0,0) and some obstacles set up but right now my main concern is switching from glPerspective to glOrtho and vice-versa. All that i get when i switch from perspective to ortho is a black screen. void myinit(){ glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(60,ww/wh,1,100); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(-5,5,3,backcarx,topcarx,0,0,0,1); } void menu(int id){ /*menu selects if you want to view it in ortho or perspective*/ if(id == 1){ glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glViewport(0,0,ww,wh); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-2,100,-2,100,-1,1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glutPostRedisplay(); } if(id == 2){ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(60,ww/wh,1,100); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); viewx = backcarx - 10; viewy = backcary - 10; gluLookAt(viewx,viewy,viewz,backcarx,topcarx,0,0,0,1); } } i've tried using the clear depth buffer and still doesnt work.

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  • Orthographic unit translation mismatch on grid (e.g. 64 pixels translates incorrectly)

    - by Justin Van Horne
    I am looking for some insight into a small problem with unit translations on a grid. Setup 512x448 window 64x64 grid gl_Position = projection * world * position; projection is defined by ortho(-w/2.0f, w/2.0f, -h/2.0f, h/2.0f); This is a textbook orthogonal projection function. world is defined by a fixed camera position at (0, 0) position is defined by the sprite's position. Problem In the screenshot below (1:1 scaling) the grid spacing is 64x64 and I am drawing the unit at (64, 64), however the unit draws roughly ~10px in the wrong position. I've tried uniform window dimensions to prevent any distortion on the pixel size, but now I am a bit lost in the proper way in providing a 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection. Anyhow, here are some quick images to aide in the problem. I decided to super-impose a bunch of the sprites at what the engine believes is 64x offsets. When this seemed off place, I went about and did the base case of 1 unit. Which seemed to line up as expected. The yellow shows a 1px difference in the movement. Vertices It would appear that the vertices going into the vertex shader are correct. For example, in reference to the first image the data looks like this in the VBO: x y x y ---------------------------- tl | 0.0 24.0 64.0 24.0 bl | 0.0 0.0 -> 64.0 0.0 tr | 16.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 br | 16.0 24.0 80.0 24.0 With that said, all I am left to believe is that I am munging up my actual projection. So, I am looking for any insight into maintaining the 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection.

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  • How to switch to user perspective in Blender

    - by Cyanophage
    I've just started using Blender (v2.63) for the first time. I have used a lot of 3d modelling programs in the past but Blender's controls seem to be set up differently and it's taking a while to get used to it. The thing that is really bugging me at the moment is switching from user perspective to front/side/top views. I have my view in perspective mode and I want to switch to front view in orthographic mode and then switch back to the view I had before. It seems that the only way is to press numpad-0 to go to camera view, rotate the screen a bit to get rid of the annoying black outline and then switch it back to perspective mode. Then sometimes when I go back to front view it's in perspective mode which is annoying as you never want front view in perspective, only orthographic mode. My question: Is there a way I can be in my user view in perspective mode, switch to front/side/top views in orthographic mode and then switch back to where I was before in my user mode and be back in perspective mode?

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0: Mixing 2D with 3D

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    Is it possible to mix 2D and 3D graphics in a single OpenGL ES 2.0 game, please? I have plenty of 2D graphics in my game. The 2D graphics is represented by two triangular polygons (making up a rectangle) with texture on them. I use orthographic matrix to render the whole scene. However, I need to add some 3D effects into my game. Threfore, I wish to use perspective camera to render the meshes. Is it possible to mix orthographic and perspective camera in one scene? If yes, is there going to be a large performance cost for this? Is there any recommended approach to do this effectively? I wil have 90% of 2D graphics and only 10% of 3D. Target platform is OpenGL ES 2.0 (iOS, Android). I use C++ to develop. Thank you.

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  • OpenGL ES, orthopgraphics projection and viewport

    - by DarkDeny
    I want to make some simple 2D game on iOS to familiarize myself with OpenGL ES. I started with Ray Wenderlich tutorial (How To Create A Simple 2D iPhone Game with OpenGL ES 2.0 and GLKit). That tutorial is quite good, but I miss some parts of a puzzle. Ray creates orthographic projection using some magic numbers like 480 and 320. It is not clear to me why did he take these numbers, and as far as I can see - sprite is not mapped to the ipad simulator screen one-to-one pixel. I tried to play with parameters with which ortho matrix is created, but I cannot figure out what math is here. How can I calculate numbers (bottom, top, left, right, close, far) which will be parameters to orthographic projection matrix creation and have sprite on the screen shown in its original size?

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  • How do I use setFilmSize in panda3d to achieve the correct view?

    - by lhk
    I'm working with Panda3d and recently switched my game to isometric rendering. I moved the virtual camera accordingly and set an orthographic lens. Then I implemented the classes "Map" and "Canvas". A canvas is a dynamically generated mesh: a flat quad. I'm using it to render the ingame graphics. Since the game itself is still set in a 3d coordinate system I'm planning to rely on these canvases to draw sprites. I could have named this class "Tile" but as I'd like to use it for non-tile sketches (enemies, environment) as well I thought canvas would describe it's function better. Map does exactly what it's name suggests. Its constructor receives the number of rows and columns and then creates a standard isometric map. It uses the canvas class for tiles. I'm planning to write a map importer that reads a file to create maps on the fly. Here's the canvas implementation: class Canvas: def __init__(self, texture, vertical=False, width=1,height=1): # create the mesh format=GeomVertexFormat.getV3t2() format = GeomVertexFormat.registerFormat(format) vdata=GeomVertexData("node-vertices", format, Geom.UHStatic) vertex = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'vertex') texcoord = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'texcoord') # add the vertices for a flat quad vertex.addData3f(1, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 0) vertex.addData3f(1, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 0) prim = GeomTriangles(Geom.UHStatic) prim.addVertices(0, 1, 2) prim.addVertices(2, 3, 0) self.geom = Geom(vdata) self.geom.addPrimitive(prim) self.node = GeomNode('node') self.node.addGeom(self.geom) # this is the handle for the canvas self.nodePath=NodePath(self.node) self.nodePath.setSx(width) self.nodePath.setSy(height) if vertical: self.nodePath.setP(90) # the most important part: "Drawing" the image self.texture=loader.loadTexture(""+texture+".png") self.nodePath.setTexture(self.texture) Now the code for the Map class class Map: def __init__(self,rows,columns,size): self.grid=[] for i in range(rows): self.grid.append([]) for j in range(columns): # create a canvas for the tile. For testing the texture is preset tile=Canvas(texture="../assets/textures/flat_concrete",width=size,height=size) x=(i-1)*size y=(j-1)*size # set the tile up for rendering tile.nodePath.reparentTo(render) tile.nodePath.setX(x) tile.nodePath.setY(y) # and store it for later access self.grid[i].append(tile) And finally the usage def loadMap(self): self.map=Map(10, 10, 1) this function is called within the constructor of the World class. The instantiation of world is the entry point to the execution. The code is pretty straightforward and runs good. Sadly the output is not as expected: Please note: The problem is not the white rectangle, it's my player object. The problem is that although the map should have equal width and height it's stretched weirdly. With orthographic rendering I expected the map to be a perfect square. What did I do wrong ? UPDATE: I've changed the viewport. This is how I set up the orthographic camera: lens = OrthographicLens() lens.setFilmSize(40, 20) base.cam.node().setLens(lens) You can change the "aspect" by modifying the parameters of setFilmSize. I don't know exactly how they are related to window size and screen resolution but after testing a little the values above seem to work for me. Now everything is rendered correctly as long as I don't resize the window. Every change of the window's size as well as switching to fullscreen destroys the correct rendering. I know that implementing a listener for resize events is not in the scope of this question. However I wonder why I need to make the Film's height two times bigger than its width. My window is quadratic ! Can you tell me how to find out correct setting for the FilmSize ? UPDATE 2: I can imagine that it's hard to envision the behaviour of the game. At first glance the obvious solution is to pass the window's width and height in pixels to setFilmSize. There are two problems with that approach. The parameters for setFilmSize are ingame units. You'll get a way to big view if you pass the pixel size For some strange reason the image is distorted if you pass equal values for width and height. Here's the output for setFilmSize(800,800) You'll have to stress your eyes but you'll see what I mean

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  • DirectX Unproject troubles

    - by pivotnig
    I have an orthographic projection and I try to unproject a point from screen space. Following are the view and projection matrices: var w2 = ScreenWidthInPixels/2; var h2 = ScreenHeightInPixels/2; view = Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, 0, 0), Vector3.UnitY); proj = Matrix.OrthoOffCenterLH(-w2, w2, -h2, h2, 0.1f, 10f); Here is how I unproject a Point p, the point is given in screen pixels: var m = Vector3.Unproject(p, 0, 0, ScreenWidthInPixels, ScreenHeightInPixels, 0.1f, 10f, // znear and zfar view *proj); My code doesn't work, the matrix m contains only Nan. When I try to invert view * proj I get back a Matrix with only zeros. So I suspect my problem has something to do with the orthographic projection matrix. Here are my questions: Could the problem be caused by an underflow due to the large values in the OrthoOffCenterLH projection? What parameters do I have to pass for x,y,width,height in Unproject(...)? What significance has the minZ and maxZ parameter in Unproject(...)? Does it matter what I pass for p.Z in Unproject(...)?

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  • Strange 3D game engine camera with X,Y,Zoom instead of X,Y,Z

    - by Jenko
    I'm using a 3D game engine, that uses a 4x4 matrix to modify the camera projection, in this format: r r r x r r r y r r r z - - - zoom Strangely though, the camera does not respond to the Z translation parameter, and so you're forced to use X, Y, Zoom to move the camera around. Technically this is plausible for isometric-style games such as Age Of Empires III. But this is a 3D engine, and so why would they have designed the camera to ignore Z and respond only to zoom? Am I missing something here? I've tried every method of setting the camera and it really seems to ignore Z. So currently I have to resort to moving the main object in the scene graph instead of moving the camera in relation to the objects. My question: Do you have any idea why the engine would use such a scheme? Is it common? Why? Or does it seem like I'm missing something and the SetProjection(Matrix) function is broken and somehow ignores the Z translation in the matrix? (unlikely, but possible) Anyhow, what are the workarounds? Is moving objects around the only way? Edit: I'm sorry I cannot reveal much about the engine because we're in a binding contract. It's a locally developed engine (Australia) written in managed C# used for data visualizations. Edit: The default mode of the engine is orthographic, although I've switched it into perspective mode. Its probably more effective to use X, Y, Zoom in orthographic mode, but I need to use perspective mode to render everyday objects as well.

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  • Textures do not render on ATI graphics cards?

    - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen
    I'm rendering textured quads to an orthographic view in XNA through hardware instancing. On Nvidia graphics cards, this all works, tested on 3 machines. On ATI cards, it doesn't work at all, tested on 2 machines. How come? Culling perhaps? My orthographic view is set up like this: Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, -graphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, 0, 0, 1); And my elements are rendered with the Z-coordinate 0. Edit: I just figured out something weird. If I do not call this spritebatch code above doing my textured quad rendering code, then it won't work on Nvidia cards either. Could that be due to culling information or something like that? Batch.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone); ... spriteBatch.End(); Edit 2: Here's the full code for my instancing call. public void DrawTextures() { Batch.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Texture, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone, textureEffect); while (texturesToDraw.Count > 0) { TextureJob texture = texturesToDraw.Dequeue(); spriteBatch.Draw(texture.Texture, texture.DestinationRectangle, texture.TintingColor); } spriteBatch.End(); #if !NOTEXTUREINSTANCING // no work to do if (positionInBufferTextured > 0) { device.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; textureEffect.CurrentTechnique = textureEffect.Techniques["Technique1"]; textureEffect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(darkTexture); textureEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); if ((textureInstanceBuffer == null) || (positionInBufferTextured > textureInstanceBuffer.VertexCount)) { if (textureInstanceBuffer != null) textureInstanceBuffer.Dispose(); textureInstanceBuffer = new DynamicVertexBuffer(device, texturedInstanceVertexDeclaration, positionInBufferTextured, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); } if (positionInBufferTextured > 0) { textureInstanceBuffer.SetData(texturedInstances, 0, positionInBufferTextured, SetDataOptions.Discard); } device.Indices = textureIndexBuffer; device.SetVertexBuffers(textureGeometryBuffer, new VertexBufferBinding(textureInstanceBuffer, 0, 1)); device.DrawInstancedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, 0, 0, textureGeometryBuffer.VertexCount, 0, 2, positionInBufferTextured); // now that we've drawn, it's ok to reset positionInBuffer back to zero, // and write over any vertices that may have been set previously. positionInBufferTextured = 0; } #endif }

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  • how to implemet a nice scanline effect using libgdx

    - by Alexandre GUIDET
    I am working on an old school platformer based on libgdx. My first attempt is to make a little texture and fill a rect above the whole screen, but it seems that I am messing arround with the orthographic camera (I use two camera, one for the tilemap and one to project the scanline filter). Sometime the texture is stuck on the tilemap and sometime it is too large and cover the whole screen in black. Is my approach correct using two camera? Does someone have a solution to achieve this retro effect using libgdx (see maldita castilla)? Thanks

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