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  • Making a Background Scrolling in Stacking Game

    - by David Dimalanta
    Hmmm...Is it a good idea to use a LibGDX parallax background for making a stacking game (i.e. PAPA STACKer Lite)? For example, I'm starting to use the blocks to drag-n-drop it. Next, when the next piece reaches the top of the screen, it automatically scrolls to the next one where the available space left. Aside from that, is it also involved with the camera code (Orthographic Camera) that the screen size appeared like 720x1280 but actually it's 1440x2560 for example? And another thing, does the background scrolling have the option to scroll from start to finish and infinite?

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  • How exactly does XNA's SpriteBatch work?

    - by David Gouveia
    To be more precise, if I needed to recreate this functionality from scratch in another API (e.g. in OpenGL) what would it need to be capable of doing? I do have a general idea of some of the steps, such as how it prepares an orthographic projection matrix and creates a quad for each draw call. I'm not too familiar, however, with the batching process itself. Are all quads stored in the same vertex buffer? Does it need an index buffer? How are different textures handled? If possible I'd be grateful if you could guide me through the process from when SpriteBatch.Begin() is called until SpriteBatch.End(), at least when using the default Deferred mode.

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  • OpenGL 2D Rasterization Sub-Pixel Translations

    - by Armin Ronacher
    I have a tile based 2D engine where the projection matrix is an orthographic view of the world without any scaling applied. Thus: one pixel texture is drawn on the screen in the same size. That all works well and looks nice but if the camera makes a sub-pixel movement small lines appear between the tiles. I can tell you in advance what does not fix the problem: GL_NEAREST texture interpolation GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE What does “fix” the problem is anchoring the camera to the nearest pixel instead of doing a sub-pixel translation. I can live with that, but the camera movement becomes jerky. Any ideas how to fix that problem without resorting to the rounding trick I do currently?

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  • OpenGL ES 1 Pixel Error?

    - by Beginner001
    I am developing a game on android using OpenGL ES 1.0 for Android OS. It is a 2d game using a simple Orthographic projection and textures for the sprites. One of these textures has a small line (it looks like 1 pixel) all the way across the top that has the same colors as the bottom 1-pixel line of the texture. It is almost as if the bottom line of the image raster was copied and pasted as the top line as well. Is anyone familiar with this type of error? What could the problem be?

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  • Projecting onto different size screens by cropping

    - by Jason
    Hi, I am building a phone application which will display a shape on screen. The shape should look the same on different screen sizes. I. Decided the best way to do this is to show more of the background on larger screen keeping the shapes proportion the same on all screens. My problem is I am not sure how to achieve this, I can query the screen size at runtime and calculate how different it is from the six is designed for but I am not sure what to do with this value. What kind of projection should I use for my orthographic matrix an hour will I display more on larger screens and not loose information on smaller screens? Thanks, Jason.

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  • What should I worry about when changing OpenGL origin to upper left of screen?

    - by derivative
    For self education, I'm writing a 2D platformer engine in C++ using SDL / OpenGL. I initially began with pure SDL using the tutorials on sdltutorials.com and lazyfoo.net, but I'm now rendering in an OpenGL context (specifically immediate mode but I'm learning about VAOs/VBOs) and using SDL for interface, audio, etc. SDL uses a coordinate system with the origin in the upper left of the screen and the positive y-axis pointing down. It's easy to set up my orthographic projection in OpenGL to mirror this. I know that texture coordinates are a right-hand system with values from 0 to 1 -- flipping the texture vertically before rendering (well, flip the file before loading) yields textures that render correctly... which is fine if I'm drawing the entire texture, but ultimately I'll be using tilesets and can imagine problems. What should I be concerned about in terms of rendering when I do this? If anybody has any advice or they've done this themselves and can point out future pitfalls, that would be great, but really any thoughts would be appreciated.

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  • How to set orthgraphic matrix for a 2d camera with zooming?

    - by MahanGM
    I'm using ID3DXSprite to draw my sprites and haven't set any kind of camera projection matrix. How to setup an orthographic projection matrix for camera in DirectX which it would be able to support zoom functionality? D3DXMATRIX orthographicMatrix; D3DXMATRIX identityMatrix; D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&orthographicMatrix, nScreenWidth, nScreenHeight, 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &orthographicMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &identityMatrix); This code is for initial setup. Then, for zooming I multiply zoom factor in nScreenWidth and nScreenHeight.

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  • Edge flicker when moving Camera (2D)

    - by Matthias Reisner
    I have a Orthographic camera. I have a fixed landscape texture and a texture for a moveable object. If the object moves to the right the camera will also move with the object. When I also draw an score text that should have fixed position on the screen, that score text position will be update too if the camera's position gets updated so that it looks like that it is fixed on the screen. But if I do that, I have some edge flickering at the text object. I'am using SpriteBatch! Is there another approach to implement a fixed positioned object on the screen?

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  • Character equipment combinations

    - by JimFing
    I'm developing a 2d isometric game (typical Tolkien RPG) and wondering how to handle character/equipment combinations. So for example, the player wears leather boots with chain-mail and a wooden shield and a sword - but then picks up plate-armour instead of chain-mail. I'm using Blender3D to create objects, environments and characters in 3D, then a script runs to render all 3D meshes into 2D orthographic tile maps. So I can use this script to create all the combinations of character equipment for me, but there would be an explosion in terms of the combinations required.

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  • Camera placement sphere for an always fully visible object

    - by BengtR
    Given an object: With the bounds [x, y, z, width, height, depth] And an orthographic projection [left, right, bottom, top, near, far] I want to determine the radius of a sphere which allows me to randomly place my camera on so that: The object is fully visible from all positions on this sphere The sphere radius is the smallest possible value while still satisfying 1. Assume the object is centered around the origin. How can I find this radius? I'm currently using sqrt(width^2 + height^2 + depth^2) but I'm not sure that's the correct value, as it doesn't take the camera into account. Thanks for any advice. I'm sorry for confusing a few things here. My comments below should clarify what I'm trying to do actually.

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  • Drawing application on OpenGL for iOS (iPad)

    - by Alesia
    Some help is needed. I'm developing drawing application on OpenGL (deployment target 4.0) for iOS (iPad). We have 3 drawing tools: pen, marker (with alfa) and eraser. I draw with textures, using blending in orthographic projection. I can't use z-ordering because in this case I have to face a lot of troubles with cutting and erasing. The thing that I need is to make the pen be always on the top. When I first use marker and than pen - it's ok. But if I use pen first and marker over the pen - I can't see pen color under marker. I'd appreciate any help or advice. Thank you veeeeeery much!

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  • What should I do if my text exceeds my text render target boundaries?

    - by user1423893
    I have a method for drawing strings in 3D that does the following: Set a render target Draw each character as a quadrangle using a orthographic projection to the render target Unset the render target Draw the render target texture using a perspective projection and a world transform My problem is how to deal with strings whose characters length exceeds that of the render target dimensions? For example if I have string "This is a reallllllllllly long string" and the render target can't accommodate it, it will only capture "This is a realllll". The render target (and its size) could be set each frame but wouldn't that be far too costly?

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  • Understanding how to go from a scene to what's actually rendered to screen in OpenGL?

    - by Pris
    I want something that explains step by step how, after setting up a simple scene I can go from that 'world' space, to what's finally rendered on my screen (ie, actually implement something). I need the resource to clearly show how to derive and set up both orthographic and perspective projection matrices... basically I want to thoroughly understand what's going on behind the scenes and not plug in random things without knowing what they do. I've found lots of half explanations, presentation slides, walls of text, etc that aren't really doing much for me. I have a basic understanding of linear algebra/matrix transforms, and a rough idea of what's going on when you go from model space - screen, but not enough to actually implement it in code.

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  • Generate 2D cross-section polygon from 3D mesh

    - by nornagon
    I'm writing a game which uses 3D models to draw a scene (top-down orthographic projection), but a 2D physics engine to calculate response to collisions, etc. I have a few 3D assets for which I'd like to be able to automatically generate a hitbox by 'slicing' the 3D mesh with the X-Y plane and creating a polygon from the resultant edges. Google is failing me on this one (and not much helpful material on SO either). Suggestions?

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  • Stage3D Camera problem

    - by Thomas Versteeg
    I am trying to create a 2D Stage3D game where you can move the camera around the level in an RTS style. I thought about using Orthographic Matrix3D functions for this but when I try to scroll the whole "stage" also scrolls. This is the Camera code: public function Camera2D(width:int, height:int, zoom:Number = 1) { resize(width, height); _zoom = zoom; } public function resize(width:Number, height:Number):void { _width = width; _height = height; _projectionMatrix = makeMatrix(0, width, 0, height); _recalculate = true; } protected function makeMatrix(left:Number, right:Number, top:Number, bottom:Number, zNear:Number = 0, zFar:Number = 1):Matrix3D { return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([ 2 / (right - left), 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 / (top - bottom), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 / (zFar - zNear), 0, 0, 0, zNear / (zNear - zFar), 1 ])); } public function get viewMatrix():Matrix3D { if (_recalculate) { _recalculate = false; _viewMatrix.identity(); _viewMatrix.appendTranslation( -_width / 2 - _x, -_height / 2 - y, 0); _viewMatrix.appendScale(_zoom, _zoom, 1); _renderMatrix.identity(); _renderMatrix.append(_viewMatrix); _renderMatrix.append(_projectionMatrix); } return _renderMatrix; } Here are two screenshots to show what I mean: How do I only let the inside of the stage3D scroll and not the whole stage?

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  • Inverted textures

    - by brainydexter
    I'm trying to draw textures aligned with this physics body whose coordinate system's origin is at the center of the screen. (XNA)Spritebatch has its default origin set to top-left corner. I got the textures to be positioned correctly, but I noticed my textures are vertically inverted. That is, an arrow texture pointing Up , when rendered points down. I'm not sure where I am going wrong with the math. My approach is to convert everything in physic's meter units and draw accordingly. Matrix proj = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(scale * graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, scale, 0, 1); Matrix view = Matrix.Identity; effect.World = Matrix.Identity; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = proj; effect.TextureEnabled = true; effect.VertexColorEnabled = true; effect.Techniques[0].Passes[0].Apply(); SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone, effect); m_Paddles[1].Draw(gameTime); SpriteBatch.End(); where Paddle::Draw looks like: SpriteBatch.Draw(paddleTexture, mBody.Position, null, Color.White, 0f, new Vector2(16f, 16f), // origin of the texture 0.1875f, SpriteEffects.None, // width of box is 3*2 = 6 meters. texture is 32 pixels wide. to make it 6 meters wide in world space: 6/32 = 0.1875f 0); The orthographic projection matrix seem fine to me, but I am obviously doing something wrong somewhere! Can someone please help me figure out what am i doing wrong here ? Thanks

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  • How do I create a 2.5d parallax effect?

    - by Nikolay Dyankov
    I have a decent background in 3D graphics and programming, but I'm new to game development. I'm currently exploring different possibilities and I really want to make an RPG game. I was thinking about classic 2D isometric view, but I really love how Diablo 2 looks and feels to play. My question is - how can I achieve Diablo 2's parallax effect? Everything looks hand drawn with baked lights and shadows and looks awesome, but when you move around you notice some perspective. For example, let's say that I drew a big hall with columns in Photoshop with an orthographic perspective (classic pixel art style, just parallel lines). How would I give parallax effect to this scene when the character moves around? If I use camera-facing sprites for everything it would probably look OK in the distance, but it would be really fake when a character comes close to a column (cylinder) for example. Any suggestions? How did Blizzard make the parallax effect in Diablo 2? See this screenshot: http://guidesmedia.ign.com/guides/10629/images/act2tombs.jpg

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  • Stage3D: Camera pans the whole screen

    - by Thomas Versteeg
    I am trying to create a 2D Stage3D game where you can move the camera around the level in an RTS style. I thought about using Orthographic Matrix3D functions for this but when I try to scroll the whole "stage" also scrolls. This is the Camera code: public function Camera2D(width:int, height:int, zoom:Number = 1) { resize(width, height); _zoom = zoom; } public function resize(width:Number, height:Number):void { _width = width; _height = height; _projectionMatrix = makeMatrix(0, width, 0, height); _recalculate = true; } protected function makeMatrix(left:Number, right:Number, top:Number, bottom:Number, zNear:Number = 0, zFar:Number = 1):Matrix3D { return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([ 2 / (right - left), 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 / (top - bottom), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 / (zFar - zNear), 0, 0, 0, zNear / (zNear - zFar), 1 ])); } public function get viewMatrix():Matrix3D { if (_recalculate) { _recalculate = false; _viewMatrix.identity(); _viewMatrix.appendTranslation( -_width / 2 - _x, -_height / 2 - y, 0); _viewMatrix.appendScale(_zoom, _zoom, 1); _renderMatrix.identity(); _renderMatrix.append(_viewMatrix); _renderMatrix.append(_projectionMatrix); } return _renderMatrix; } And the camera is send directly to the GPU with: c3d.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix(Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, 0, cameraMatrix, true); And these are the shaders: ------Vertex Shader------ m44 op, va0, vc0 mov v0, va1.xy mov v0.z, va0.z ------Fragment Shader------ tex ft0, v0, fs0 <2d,linear,nomip> mov oc, ft1 Here is a example and here are two screenshots to show what I mean: How do I only let the inside of the stage3D scroll and not the whole stage?

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  • How to implement physical effect, perspective effect on Android

    - by asedra_le
    I'm researching about 2D game for Android to implement an Android Game Project. My project looks nearly like PaperToss. Instance of throwing a page, my game will throw a coin. Suppose that I have a coin put in three-dimensional that have coordinates at A(x,y,z). I throw that point ahead, after 1/100 second, that coin move from A(x,y,z) to A'(x',y',z'). By this way, I have two problems need to solve. Determine the formulas can be used to compute the coordinates of the coin at time t. This problem is under-researching. I have no idea to solve this problem. Mapping three-dimensional points to a two-dimensional and use those new coordinates (a two-dimensional coordinates) to draw our coin on screen. I have found two solutions for this problem: Orthographic projection & Perspective projection However, my old friend said that OpenGL supports to solve problems like my problems. Any body have experiences about my problems? Help me please :) Thank for reading my question.

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  • How to remove seams from a tile map in 3D?

    - by Grimshaw
    I am using my OpenGL custom engine to render a tilemap made with Tiled, using a well spread tileset from the web. There is nothing fancy going on. I load the TMX file from Tiled and generate vertex arrays and index arrays to render the tilemap. I am rendering this tilemap as a wall in my 3D world, meaning that I move around with a fly camera in my 3D world and at Z=0 there is a plane showing me my tiles. Everything is working correctly but I get ugly seems between the tiles. I've tried orthographic and perspective cameras and with either I found particular sets of parameters for the projection and view matrices where the artifacts did not show, but otherwise they are there 99% of the time in multiple patterns, depending on the zoom and camera parameters like field of view. Here's a screenshot of the artifact being shown: http://i.imgur.com/HNV1g4M.png Here's the tileset I am using (which Tiled also uses and renders correctly): http://i.imgur.com/SjjHK4q.png My tileset has no mipmaps and is set to GL_NEAREST and GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE values. I've looked around many articles in the internet and nothing helped. I tried uv correction so the uv fall at half of the texel, rather than the end of the texel to prevent interpolating with the neighbour value(which is transparency). I tried debugging with my geometry and I verified that with no texture and a random color in each tile, I don't seem to see any seams. All vertices have integer coordinates, i.e, the first tile is a quad from (0,0) to (1,1) and so on. Tried adding a little offset both to the UV and to the vertices to see if the gaps cease to exist. Disabled multisampling too. Nothing fixed it so far. Thanks.

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  • 3D rotation matrices deform object while rotating

    - by Kevin
    I'm writing a small 3D renderer (using an orthographic projection right now). I've run into some trouble with my 3D rotation matrices. They seem to squeeze my 3D object (a box primitive) at certain angles. Here's a live demo (only tested in Google Chrome): http://dl.dropbox.com/u/109400107/3D/index.html The box is viewed from the top along the Y axis and is rotating around the X and Z axis. These are my 3 rotation matrices (Only rX and rZ are being used): var rX = new Matrix([ [1, 0, 0], [0, Math.cos(radiants), -Math.sin(radiants)], [0, Math.sin(radiants), Math.cos(radiants)] ]); var rY = new Matrix([ [Math.cos(radiants), 0, Math.sin(radiants)], [0, 1, 0], [-Math.sin(radiants), 0, Math.cos(radiants)] ]); var rZ = new Matrix([ [Math.cos(radiants), -Math.sin(radiants), 0], [Math.sin(radiants), Math.cos(radiants), 0], [0, 0, 1] ]); Before projecting the verticies I multiply them by rZ and rX like so: vert1.multiply(rZ); vert1.multiply(rX); vert2.multiply(rZ); vert2.multiply(rX); vert3.multiply(rZ); vert3.multiply(rX); The projection itself looks like this: bX = (pos.x + (vert1.x*scale)); bY = (pos.y + (vert1.z*scale)); Where "pos.x" and "pos.y" is an offset for centering the box on the screen. I just can't seem to find a solution to this and I'm still relativly new to working with Matricies. You can view the source-code of the demo page if you want to see the whole thing.

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  • Quaternion LookAt for camera

    - by Homar
    I am using the following code to rotate entities to look at points. glm::vec3 forwardVector = glm::normalize(point - position); float dot = glm::dot(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), forwardVector); float rotationAngle = (float)acos(dot); glm::vec3 rotationAxis = glm::normalize(glm::cross(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), forwardVector)); rotation = glm::normalize(glm::quat(rotationAxis * rotationAngle)); This works fine for my usual entities. However, when I use this on my Camera entity, I get a black screen. If I flip the subtraction in the first line, so that I take the forward vector to be the direction from the point to my camera's position, then my camera works but naturally my entities rotate to look in the opposite direction of the point. I compute the transformation matrix for the camera and then take the inverse to be the View Matrix, which I pass to my OpenGL shaders: glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::inverse( cameraTransform->GetTransformationMatrix() ); The orthographic projection matrix is created using glm::ortho. What's going wrong?

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  • Isometric screen to 3D world coordinates efficiently

    - by Justin
    Been having a difficult time transforming 2D screen coordinates to 3D isometric space. This is the situation where I am working in 3D but I have an orthographic camera. Then my camera is positioned at (100, 200, 100), Where the xz plane is flat and y is up and down. I've been able to get a sort of working solution, but I feel like there must be a better way. Here's what I'm doing: With my camera at (0, 1, 0) I can translate my screen coordinates directly to 3D coordinates by doing: mouse2D.z = (( event.clientX / window.innerWidth ) * 2 - 1) * -(window.innerWidth /2); mouse2D.x = (( event.clientY / window.innerHeight) * 2 + 1) * -(window.innerHeight); mouse2D.y = 0; Everything okay so far. Now when I change my camera back to (100, 200, 100) my 3D space has been rotated 45 degrees around the y axis and then rotated about 54 degrees around a vector Q that runs along the xz plane at a 45 degree angle between the positive z axis and the negative x axis. So what I do to find the point is first rotate my point by 45 degrees using a matrix around the y axis. Now I'm close. So then I rotate my point around the vector Q. But my point is closer to the origin than it should be, since the Y value is not 0 anymore. What I want is that after the rotation my Y value is 0. So now I exchange my X and Z coordinates of my rotated vector with the X and Z coordinates of my non-rotated vector. So basically I have my old vector but it's y value is at an appropriate rotated amount. Now I use another matrix to rotate my point around the vector Q in the opposite direction, and I end up with the point where I clicked. Is there a better way? I feel like I must be missing something. Also my method isn't completely accurate. I feel like it's within 5-10 coordinates of where I click, maybe because of rounding from many calculations. Sorry for such a long question.

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  • Precise Touch Screen Dragging Issue: Trouble Aligning with the Finger due to Different Screen Resolution

    - by David Dimalanta
    Please, I need your help. I'm trying to make a game that will drag-n-drop a sprite/image while my finger follows precisely with the image without being offset. When I'm trying on a 900x1280 (in X [900] and Y [1280]) screen resolution of the Google Nexus 7 tablet, it follows precisely. However, if I try testing on a phone smaller than 900x1280, my finger and the image won't aligned properly and correctly except it still dragging. This is the code I used for making a sprite dragging with my finger under touchDragged(): x = ((screenX + Gdx.input.getX())/2) - (fruit.width/2); y = ((camera_2.viewportHeight * multiplier) - ((screenY + Gdx.input.getY())/2) - (fruit.width/2)); This code above will make the finger and the image/sprite stays together in place while dragging but only works on 900x1280. You'll be wondering there's camera_2.viewportHeight in my code. Here are for two reasons: to prevent inverted drag (e.g. when you swipe with your finger downwards, the sprite moves upward instead) and baseline for reading coordinate...I think. Now when I'm adding another orthographic camera named camera_1 and changing its setting, I recently used it for adjusting the falling object by meter per pixel. Also, it seems effective independently for smartphones that has smaller resolution and this is what I used here: show() camera_1 = new OrthographicCamera(); camera_1.viewportHeight = 280; // --> I set it to a smaller view port height so that the object would fall faster, decreasing the chance of drag force. camera_1.viewportWidth = 196; // --> Make it proportion to the original screen view size as possible. camera_1.position.set(camera_1.viewportWidth * 0.5f, camera_1.viewportHeight * 0.5f, 0f); camera_1.update(); touchDragged() x = ((screenX + (camera_1.viewportWidth/Gdx.input.getX()))/2) - (fruit.width/2); y = ((camera_1.viewportHeight * multiplier) - ((screenY + (camera_1.viewportHeight/Gdx.input.getY()))/2) - (fruit.width/2)); But the result instead of just following the image/sprite closely to my finger, it still has a space/gap between the sprite/image and the finger. It is possibly dependent on coordinates based on the screen resolution. I'm trying to drag the blueberry sprite with my finger. My expectation did not met since I want my finger and the sprite/image (blueberry) to stay close together while dragging until I release it. Here's what it looks like: I got to figure it out how to make independent on all screen sizes by just following the image/sprite closely to my finger while dragging even on most different screen sizes instead.

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