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• Win7 x64 unresponsive for a minute or so. HD failing?

  - by Gaia

  On a fully updated Win7 x64, every so often the system stalls for a minute or so. This has been going on for a couple months now. By stalling I mean the mouse responds and I can move windows around, but any window, any program, that is open becomes whiteish when I select it AND any new programs will not open. It doesn't matter what kind of program it is. When the stall stops all clicks I made (open new programs for example) take effect. Nothing shows up consistently (as in every time this happens) in the event log. Today though I was able to find something, but it doesn't reveal much other than the "system was unresponsive". It's a 7009 for "A timeout was reached (30000 milliseconds) while waiting for the Windows Error Reporting Service service to connect." It doesn't matter if I have any USB devices plug-in or not. I've ran Microsoft Security Essentials and Malwarebytes. While the machine is unresponsive, I've noticed that Drive D (the other partition on the single internal HD in this laptop) is displayed like this in explorer. This never occurs with Drive C or any other drive on the machine. . SMART report for the physical drive: Read benchmark by HD Tune 5 Pro, probably the most telling piece of the puzzle. Isn't this alone enough to see there is a problem with the drive, regardless of whether the unresponsiveness is caused by such purported problem? Here is a short hardware report: Computer: LENOVO ThinkPad T520 CPU: Intel Core i5-2520M (Sandy Bridge-MB SV, J1) 2500 MHz (25.00x100.0) @ 797 MHz (8.00x99.7) Motherboard: LENOVO 423946U Chipset: Intel QM67 (Cougar Point) [B3] Memory: 8192 MBytes @ 664 MHz, 9.0-9-9-24 - 4096 MB PC10600 DDR3 SDRAM - Samsung M471B5273CH0-CH9 - 4096 MB PC10600 DDR3 SDRAM - Patriot Memory (PDP Systems) PSD34G13332S Graphics: Intel Sandy Bridge-MB GT2+ - Integrated Graphics Controller [D2/J1/Q0] [Lenovo] Intel HD Graphics 3000 (Sandy Bridge GT2+), 3937912 KB Drive: ST320LT007, 312.6 GB, Serial ATA 3Gb/s Sound: Intel Cougar Point PCH - High Definition Audio Controller [B2] Network: Intel 82579LM (Lewisville) Gigabit Ethernet Controller Network: Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 AGN 2x2 HMC OS: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional (x64) Build 7601 The drive less than 1 year old. Do I have a defective drive? Seagate Tools diag says there is nothing wrong with the drive... UPDATE: I noticed that the windows error reporting service entered the running state then the stopped state and the space between the two events was exactly 2 minutes. Which error it was trying to report I don't know. I check the "Reliability Monitor" and it shows no errors to be reported. I've disabled the windows error reporting service to see if the problem stops.

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• Windows 8 ignores more specific route

  - by Lander

  OS: Windows 8 I have a cabled NIC (connected to router with ip 192.168.1.0) and a WIFI NIC (connected to a router with ip 192.168.1.1) . I want all traffic to go through the cabled NIC, except the 192.168.1.0/8 range should use the wifi-nic. This was working fine in Windows 7, without any manual configuration. In Windows 8 however, it's not. My routing table: =========================================================================== Interface List 14...f2 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter 13...b8 ac 6f 54 d2 5c ......Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller 12...f0 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Dell Wireless 1397 WLAN Mini-Card 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 15...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 30 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.233 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.233 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 31 192.168.1.198 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None I added the rule for 192.168.1.0. I would think Windows should use this rule for the IP 192.168.1.1 because it's more specific than the default-route. However it's not: C:\Windows\system32>tracert 192.168.1.1 Tracing route to 192.168.1.1 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 58 ms 4 ms 4 ms 192.168.0.1 2 68 ms 12 ms 11 ms ^C So... What do I do wrong? And how can I make Windows use the wireless NIC for 192.168.1.0/8

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• graphic error on console

  - by Christian Elsner

  I have Linux on an embedded system. There is no graphic system, but I still have graphic errors. For example, if I type: ifconfig eth2 hw ether 00:0e:8c:d0:59:d2 I see: ifconfig eth hw ether 00:0e:8:2:2 If I type Enter, it accepts the command I typed, so it's just a matter of displaying. Everything is fine, when I log in via SSH. Anyone any ideas, what could be the cause or where to look at? Output of lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3100 Chipset Memory I/O Controller Hub 00:00.1 Unassigned class [ff00]: Intel Corporation 3100 DRAM Controller Error Reporting Registers 00:01.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation 3100 Chipset Enhanced DMA Controller 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 3100 Chipset PCI Express Port A 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 3100 Chipset PCI Express Port A1 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 01) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 01) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev c9) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset SMBus Controller (rev 01) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network Connection 03:01.0 Network controller: Siemens Nixdorf AG Device 4003 (rev 02) 03:01.1 Unassigned class [ff00]: Siemens Nixdorf AG Device 4003 (rev 02) 03:02.0 Ethernet controller: Siemens Nixdorf AG Device 4047 (rev 01) 03:03.0 Ethernet controller: National Semiconductor Corporation DP83815 (MacPhyter) Ethernet Controller 03:04.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Siemens Nixdorf AG Device 4057 (rev 01) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: Texas Instruments XIO2000(A)/XIO2200(A) PCI Express-to-PCI Bridge (rev 03) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 44) 06:00.0 PCI bridge: Texas Instruments XIO2000(A)/XIO2200(A) PCI Express-to-PCI Bridge (rev 03) 07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Silicon Motion, Inc. SM720 Lynx3DM (rev c1) 07:01.0 USB Controller: NEC Corporation USB (rev 43) 07:01.1 USB Controller: NEC Corporation USB (rev 43) 07:01.2 USB Controller: NEC Corporation USB 2.0 (rev 04) The whole thing is running on an Intel Core 2 Duo U2500

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• Ubuntu getting wrong hostname from DHCP

  - by sam

  When provisioning new Ubuntu Precise (12.04) servers, the hostname they're getting seems to be generated from the DNS search path, not a reverse lookup on the hostname. Take the following configuration BIND is configured with the hostname, and reverse name Normal zone $TTL 600 $ORIGIN srv.local.net. @ IN SOA ns0.local.net. hostmaster.local.net. ( 2014082101 10800 3600 604800 600 ) @ IN NS ns0.local.net. @ IN MX 5 mail.local.net. my-new-server IN A 10.32.2.30 And reverse @ IN SOA ns0.local.net. hostmaster.local.net. ( 2014082101 10800 3600 604800 600 ) @ IN NS ns0.local.net. $ORIGIN 32.10.in-addr.arpa. 30.2 IN PTR my-new-server.srv.local.net. Then DHCPD is configured to hand out static leases based on mac addresses like so subnet 10.32.2.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 { option subnet-mask 255.255.254.0; option routers 10.32.2.1; option domain-name-servers 10.32.2.1; option domain-name "util.of1.local.net of1.local.net srv.local.net"; site-option-space "pxelinux"; option pxelinux.magic f1:00:74:7e; if exists dhcp-parameter-request-list { option dhcp-parameter-request-list = concat(option dhcp-parameter-request-list,d0,d1,d2,d3); } group { option pxelinux.configfile "pxelinux.cfg/pxeboot"; host my-new-server { fixed-address my-new-server.srv.local.net; hardware ethernet aa:aa:aa:bb:bb:bb; } } } So the hostname should be my-new-server.srv.local.net, however when building a Ubuntu 12.04 node, the hostname ends up as my-new-server.util.of1.local.net When building Lucid (10.04) hosts, the hostname will be correct, it's only on Precise/12.04 nodes we have the problem. Doing a normal and reverse lookup on the host and IP returns the correct result Sams-MacBook-Pro:~ sam$ host my-new-server my-new-server.srv.local.net has address 10.32.2.30 Sams-MacBook-Pro:~ sam$ host my-new-server.srv.local.net my-new-server.srv.local.net has address 10.32.2.30 Sams-MacBook-Pro:~ sam$ host 10.32.2.30 30.2.32.10.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer my-new-server.srv.local.net. The contents of the hosts file is incorrect too 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 my-new-server.util.of1.local.net of1.local.net srv.local.net my-new-server So it looks like when it creates the hosts file, it puts the entire contents of the DNS search path into the local address so the FQDN according to the server is the short hostname as defined, then the first domain in the search path. Is there a way to get around this behaviour, or fix this so it gets the hostname correctly? It's picking up the first part of the hostname, then the rest is wrong.

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• Can't find windows 2000 domain after PDC Change

  - by Mark A Kruger

  This is a windows 2000 domain issue. I had an old win2000 PDC that was beginning to fail. So, trying to be pre-emptive, I installed a new BDC, then "demoted" the old PDC and took it off the network. Now it appears that no member server can "find" the domain anymore. No logins work (for services or a RDP or anything). What I've tried (based on googling): Verified sysvol is shared on all servers. Used nslookup to verify that DC's are being found. netdiag /fix meta data cleanup routines. verified no firewall issues (port 389 etc) seizing all roles to new PDC (I did that as part of the original promotion). LMHOST file and Netbios settings. At the moment it seems like I can get the DC's returned but cannot contact them. I'm at a loss. My latest attempt was to remove a member server from the domain and try to "re-add" it. When I do that I get this message: The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.cfwebtools.com The following domain controllers were identified by the query: db-dev1.cfwebtools.com file-prod1.cfwebtools.com cfwt-pdc2.cfwebtools.com However no domain controllers could be contacted. It then goes on to ask if I've checked my A record and made sure they are running. Is there a way to force this domain to be seen? I also shared sysvol (or double checked it) and restarted the dfsr service. More information. I got looking at sysvol and found it was not shared on 2 of these servers. Only one of them (db-dev1) has a "good" or at least "populated" sys vol store. So I tried doing a "d2" recovery of my PDC against that good sysvol. But it never synchs - or at least it does not seem to synch. I'm guessing if I could get sysvol and netlogin to kick in and replicate that would fix my issue. I think these DC's aren't responding because they are waiting for replication which is broken somehow. Would taking down all the DC's except for db-dev1 fix the issue - at least temporarily? I know I can't just copy the sysvol stuff over to the other 2 can I?

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• Color Theory: How to convert Munsell HVC to RGB/HSB/HSL

  - by Ian Boyd

  I'm looking at at document that describes the standard colors used in dentistry to describe the color of a tooth. They quote hue, value, chroma values, and indicate they are from the 1905 Munsell description of color: The system of colour notation developed by A. H. Munsell in 1905 identifies colour in terms of three attributes: HUE, VALUE (Brightness) and CHROMA (saturation) [15] HUE (H): Munsell defined hue as the quality by which we distinguish one colour from another. He selected five principle colours: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple; and five intermediate colours: yellow-red, green-yellow, blue-green, purple-blue, and red-purple. These were placed around a colour circle at equal points and the colours in between these points are a mixture of the two, in favour of the nearer point/colour (see Fig 1.). VALUE (V): This notation indicates the lightness or darkness of a colour in relation to a neutral grey scale, which extends from absolute black (value symbol 0) to absolute white (value symbol 10). This is essentially how ‘bright’ the colour is. CHROMA (C): This indicates the degree of divergence of a given hue from a neutral grey of the same value. The scale of chroma extends from 0 for a neutral grey to 10, 12, 14 or farther, depending upon the strength (saturation) of the sample to be evaluated. There are various systems for categorising colour, the Vita system is most commonly used in Dentistry. This uses the letters A, B, C and D to notate the hue (colour) of the tooth. The chroma and value are both indicated by a value from 1 to 4. A1 being lighter than A4, but A4 being more saturated than A1. If placed in order of value, i.e. brightness, the order from brightest to darkest would be: A1, B1, B2, A2, A3, D2, C1, B3, D3, D4, A3.5, B4, C2, A4, C3, C4 The exact values of Hue, Value and Chroma for each of the shades is shown below (16) So my question is, can anyone convert Munsell HVC into RGB, HSB or HSL? Hue Value (Brightness) Chroma(Saturation) === ================== ================== 4.5 7.80 1.7 2.4 7.45 2.6 1.3 7.40 2.9 1.6 7.05 3.2 1.6 6.70 3.1 5.1 7.75 1.6 4.3 7.50 2.2 2.3 7.25 3.2 2.4 7.00 3.2 4.3 7.30 1.6 2.8 6.90 2.3 2.6 6.70 2.3 1.6 6.30 2.9 3.0 7.35 1.8 1.8 7.10 2.3 3.7 7.05 2.4 They say that Value(Brightness) varies from 0..10, which is fine. So i take 7.05 to mean 70.5%. But what is Hue measured in? i'm used to hue being measured in degrees (0..360). But the values i see would all be red - when they should be more yellow, or brown. Finally, it says that Choma/Saturation can range from 0..10 ...or even higher - which makes it sound like an arbitrary scale. So can anyone convert Munsell HVC to HSB or HSL, or better yet, RGB?

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• Find out CRC or CHECKSUM of RS232 data

  - by Carlos Alloatti

  I need to communicate with a RS232 device, I have no specs or information available. I send a 16 byte command and get a 16 byte result back. The last byte looks like some kind of crc or checksum, I have tried using this http://miscel.dk/MiscEl/miscelCRCandChecksum.html with no luck. Anyone can reverse engineer the crc/checksum algorithm? here is some data captured with an RS-232 monitor program: 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 B3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 51 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 0F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 8C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 D2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 30 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 6E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 2F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 71 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0A 93 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0B CD 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0C 4E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0D 10 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0E F2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0F AC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 70 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 2E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 CC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 13 92 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14 11 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 15 4F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 16 AD 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 F3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 B2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 19 EC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1A 0E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1B 50 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1C D3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1D 8D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1E 6F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1F 31 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 CE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 90 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22 72 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 23 2C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 24 AF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 25 F1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 13 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 4D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 0C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 52 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2A B0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2B EE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2C 6D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2D 33 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2E D1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2F 8F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 53 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 0D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 EF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 B1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 34 32 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 35 6C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 36 8E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 37 D0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 38 91 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 39 CF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3A 2D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3B 73 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3C F0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3D AE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3E 4C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3F 12 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 AB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 F5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 42 17 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 43 49 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 44 CA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 94 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 46 76 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 47 28 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 69 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 49 37 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4A D5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4B 8B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4C 08 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4D 56 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4E B4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4F EA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 50 36 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 51 68 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 52 8A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 53 D4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 54 57 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 09 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56 EB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 57 B5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 58 F4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 59 AA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5A 48 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5B 16 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5C 95 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5D CB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5E 29 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5F 77 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 60 88 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 61 D6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 34 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 6A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 E9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 65 B7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 66 55 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 67 0B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 68 4A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 69 14 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6A F6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6B A8 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6C 2B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6D 75 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6E 97 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6F C9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 15 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 71 4B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 A9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 F7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 74 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 75 2A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 76 C8 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 77 96 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 78 D7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 79 89 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7A 6B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7B 35 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7C B6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7D E8 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7E 0A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7F 54 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 61 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 81 3F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 DD 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 83 83 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 84 00 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 85 5E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 86 BC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 87 E2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 88 A3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 89 FD 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8A 1F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8B 41 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8C C2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8D 9C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8E 7E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8F 20 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 90 FC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 91 A2 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 92 40 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 93 1E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 94 9D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 95 C3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 96 21 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 97 7F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 98 3E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 99 60 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9A 82 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9B DC 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9C 5F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9D 01 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9E E3 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9F BD 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A0 42 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A1 1C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A2 FE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A3 A0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A4 23 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A5 7D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A6 9F 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A7 C1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A8 80 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A9 DE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AA 3C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AB 62 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AC E1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AD BF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AE 5D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AF 03 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B0 DF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B1 81 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B2 63 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B3 3D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B4 BE 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B5 E0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B6 02 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B7 5C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B8 1D 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B9 43 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BA A1 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BB FF 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BC 7C 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BD 22 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BE C0 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BF 9E 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C0 27 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C1 79 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C2 9B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C3 C5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C4 46 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C5 18 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C6 FA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C7 A4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C8 E5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C9 BB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CA 59 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CB 07 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CC 84 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CD DA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CE 38 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CF 66 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D0 BA 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D1 E4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D2 06 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D3 58 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D4 DB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D5 85 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D6 67 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D7 39 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D8 78 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 D9 26 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DA C4 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DB 9A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DC 19 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DD 47 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DE A5 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DF FB 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E0 04 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E1 5A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E2 B8 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E3 E6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E4 65 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E5 3B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E6 D9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E7 87 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E8 C6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E9 98 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EA 7A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EB 24 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EC A7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ED F9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EE 1B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EF 45 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F0 99 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F1 C7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F2 25 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F3 7B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F4 F8 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F5 A6 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F6 44 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F7 1A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F8 5B 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F9 05 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FA E7 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FB B9 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FC 3A 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FD 64 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FE 86 01 80 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF D8 The second to last byte seems to be a sequential number that starts over at 00 when it reaches FF. I have included the whole range from 00 to FF to make it easier to guess the crc/checksum method.

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• Revision control for writing programming lessons

  - by Dietrich Epp

  I'd like to write a series programming lessons that guide programmers to build a certain kind of program. After each lesson, I'd like to provide sample code that implements what that lesson covered, and the next lesson would use that code as a starting point. Right now I'm using Git to keep track of the code from lesson to lesson. Each lesson has its own branch. lesson1: A--B--C \ lesson2: D--E--F \ lesson3: G--H--I However, suppose that now I want to make it easier on the Windows programmers using my lessons, so I add a Visual Studio project to lesson 1 and then merge it into lessons 2 and 3. lesson1: A--B--C--------------J \ \ lesson2: D--E--F--------K \ \ lesson3: G--H--I--L And then someone points out a bug in lesson 2 that causes crashes on certain systems. (This diagram is where I am right now, and I'm having doubts about continuing along this path.) lesson1: A--B--C--------------J \ \ lesson2: D--E--F--------K--M \ \ \ lesson3: G--H--I--L--N Here are the problems I imagine having: If I had many lessons, and I fix something in lesson 1, am I going to have to spend fifteen minutes or more just merging that one simple change? I know I'll probably have to test all of those lessons again, but I can put that off. When I make a bunch of changes to various lessons on one computer, how do I pull all of the branches at the same time? If I decide to publish these lessons, I'd like a way to tag all of the branches to correspond with what I publish. I figure I'll just need to tag each branch separately, but it would be nice if there were a better way. When I look at the history, I imagine becoming terribly confused about what I've done. Compare the above diagram to a hypothetical diagram below, where I use rebase instead of merge (and rebase has its own problems): lesson1: A--B--C--J \ lesson2: D2--E2--F2--M \ lesson3: G2--H2--I2 Do any of you have experience working with a project like this? Should I consider using a different VCS, such as Darcs? (Note: it would be a real pain to use centralized VCS, so don't suggest one of those unless the benefits are clear.) Should I consider writing plugins or extra tools for a VCS (such as a "meta tag" which tags several branches)?

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• Special scheduling Algorithm (pattern expansion)

  - by tovare

  Question Do you think genetic algorithms worth trying out for the problem below, or will I hit local-minima issues? I think maybe aspects of the problem is great for a generator / fitness-function style setup. (If you've botched a similar project I would love hear from you, and not do something similar) Thank you for any tips on how to structure things and nail this right. The problem I'm searching a good scheduling algorithm to use for the following real-world problem. I have a sequence with 15 slots like this (The digits may vary from 0 to 20) : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (And there are in total 10 different sequences of this type) Each sequence needs to expand into an array, where each slot can take 1 position. 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 The constraints on the matrix is that: [row-wise, i.e. horizontally] The number of ones placed, must either be 11 or 111 [row-wise] The distance between two sequences of 1 needs to be a minimum of 00 The sum of each column should match the original array. The number of rows in the matrix should be optimized. The array then needs to allocate one of 4 different matrixes, which may have different number of rows: A, B, C, D A, B, C and D are real-world departments. The load needs to be placed reasonably fair during the course of a 10-day period, not to interfere with other department goals. Each of the matrix is compared with expansion of 10 different original sequences so you have: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10 B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10 D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10 Certain spots on these may be reserved (Not sure if I should make it just reserved/not reserved or function-based). The reserved spots might be meetings and other events The sum of each row (for instance all the A's) should be approximately the same within 2%. i.e. sum(A1 through A10) should be approximately the same as (B1 through B10) etc. The number of rows can vary, so you have for instance: A1: 5 rows A2: 5 rows A3: 1 row, where that single row could for instance be: 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 etc.. Sub problem* I'de be very happy to solve only part of the problem. For instance being able to input: 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 3 And get an appropriate array of sequences with 1's and 0's minimized on the number of rows following th constraints above.

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• Which style is preferable when writing this boolean expression?

  - by Jeppe Stig Nielsen

  I know this question is to some degree a matter of taste. I admit this is not something I don't understand, it's just something I want to hear others' opinion about. I need to write a method that takes two arguments, a boolean and a string. The boolean is in a sense (which will be obvious shortly) redundant, but it is part of a specification that the method must take in both arguments, and must raise an exception with a specific message text if the boolean has the "wrong" value. The bool must be true if and only if the string is not null or empty. So here are some different styles to write (hopefully!) the same thing. Which one do you find is the most readable, and compliant with good coding practice? // option A: Use two if, repeat throw statement and duplication of message string public void SomeMethod(bool useName, string name) { if (useName && string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new SomeException("..."); if (!useName && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new SomeException("..."); // rest of method } // option B: Long expression but using only && and || public void SomeMethod(bool useName, string name) { if (useName && string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) || !useName && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new SomeException("..."); // rest of method } // option C: With == operator between booleans public void SomeMethod(bool useName, string name) { if (useName == string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new SomeException("..."); // rest of method } // option D1: With XOR operator public void SomeMethod(bool useName, string name) { if (!(useName ^ string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))) throw new SomeException("..."); // rest of method } // option D2: With XOR operator public void SomeMethod(bool useName, string name) { if (useName ^ !string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new SomeException("..."); // rest of method } Of course you're welcome to suggest other possibilities too. Message text "..." would be something like "If 'useName' is true a name must be given, and if 'useName' is false no name is allowed".

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• What kind of string is this? What can I do in php to read it?

  - by kevin

  This is a string (see below, after the dashed line) in a database.inf file for a free program I downloaded that lists some websites. The file is plain text as you can see , but there is a string after it that looks base64 encoded (due to the end chars of ==). But b64_decoding it gives giberish. I wanted to decode it so I could add to the list of sites it had (the program lists a bunch of sites and data about them which I can read in the GUI) and to do that I need to decode this, add to it, and re-encode it. I think the program uses .net since I think the .net library was required on install, but I know nothing of the original source language. I am using php to figure out if there is a simple way to read this. I have tried using unpack, binhex, base_convert, etc as I suspect the file is binary at some level, but I am lost. Nothing illegal, just wanting to know what it is and if I can add a few things to it to make it more useful for me. here is the file - any ideas how to decode and recode this for playing with? Site List file size: 62139 db version: 13 generated: 2010-04-27 11:53:40 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• Postfix - Gmail - Mountain Lion // can't send mail

  - by miako

  I have read most of the tutorials found on google but still can't make it work. I run the command : date | mail -s "Test" [email protected] . The log is this : Oct 22 11:38:00 XXX.local postfix/master[288]: daemon started -- version 2.9.2, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 22 11:38:00 XXX.local postfix/pickup[289]: 9D85418A031: uid=501 from=<me> Oct 22 11:38:00 XXX.local postfix/cleanup[291]: 9D85418A031: message-id=<[email protected]> Oct 22 11:38:00 XXX.local postfix/qmgr[290]: 9D85418A031: from=<[email protected]>, size=327, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 22 11:38:00 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: initializing the client-side TLS engine Oct 22 11:38:02 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: setting up TLS connection to smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587 Oct 22 11:38:02 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: TLS cipher list "ALL:!EXPORT:!LOW:+RC4:@STRENGTH:!eNULL" Oct 22 11:38:02 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:before/connect initialization Oct 22 11:38:02 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv2/v3 write client hello A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: certificate verification depth=2 verify=0 subject=/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA Oct 22 11:38:03 --- last message repeated 1 time --- Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: certificate verification depth=1 verify=1 subject=/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2 Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: certificate verification depth=0 verify=1 subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=smtp.gmail.com Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server session ticket A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: subject_CN=smtp.gmail.com, issuer_CN=Google Internet Authority G2, fingerprint E4:CA:10:85:C3:53:00:E6:A1:D2:AC:C4:35:E4:A2:10, pkey_fingerprint=D6:06:2E:15:AF:DF:E9:50:A5:B4:E2:E4:C5:2E:F9:BA Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: Untrusted TLS connection established to smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587: TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits) Oct 22 11:38:03 XXX.local postfix/smtp[293]: 9D85418A031: to=<[email protected]>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109]:587, delay=3.4, delays=0.26/0.13/2.8/0.26, dsn=5.5.1, status=bounced (host smtp.gmail.com[173.194.70.109] said: 530-5.5.1 Authentication Required. Learn more at 530 5.5.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=14257 s3sm54097220eeo.3 - gsmtp (in reply to MAIL FROM command)) Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/cleanup[291]: D4D2F18A03C: message-id=<[email protected]> Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/qmgr[290]: D4D2F18A03C: from=<>, size=2382, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/bounce[297]: 9D85418A031: sender non-delivery notification: D4D2F18A03C Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/qmgr[290]: 9D85418A031: removed Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/local[298]: D4D2F18A03C: to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=0.11, delays=0/0.08/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox) Oct 22 11:38:04 XXX.local postfix/qmgr[290]: D4D2F18A03C: removed Oct 22 11:39:00 XXX.local postfix/master[288]: master exit time has arrived I am really confused as i have never setup MTA again an i need it for local web development. I don't use XAMPP. I use the built in Servers. Can anyone guide me?

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• xrandr shows two displays (LVDS1), but how can I use VGA1 only?

  - by Tom Fishman

  We're running Ubuntu 11 on this hardware: Foxconn R20-D2 Intel Atom D510 Intel NM10 Intel GMA 3150 Barebone There is no integrated display (it is a barebone box). I connected an external VGA to it. However xrandr shows two displays: Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 4096 x 4096 LVDS1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 60.0*+ 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 519mm x 324mm 1920x1200 60.0 + 1600x1200 60.0 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 76.0 75.0 72.0 60.0 1440x900 75.0 59.9 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 70.1 60.0* 832x624 74.6 800x600 72.2 75.0 60.3 640x480 72.8 75.0 66.7 60.0 720x400 70.1 But I don't have two displays. How can I get rid of LVDS1 and use only VGA1? The direct result is that I'm seeing a 1024x768 resolution on my VGA display, because the OS is using "mirror" mode which uses the lower resolution of the two. Turning off the mirror is not a solution. I want to fix it. Related logs: ... [ 20.019] (II) intel(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): RGB weight 888 [ 20.019] (==) intel(0): Default visual is TrueColor [ 20.019] (II) intel(0): Integrated Graphics Chipset: Intel(R) Pineview G [ 20.019] (--) intel(0): Chipset: "Pineview G" [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Relaxed fencing enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Wait on SwapBuffers? enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Triple buffering? enabled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Framebuffer tiled [ 20.019] (**) intel(0): Pixmaps tiled [ 20.020] (**) intel(0): 3D buffers tiled [ 20.020] (**) intel(0): SwapBuffers wait enabled [ 20.020] (==) intel(0): video overlay key set to 0x101fe [ 20.020] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 has no monitor section [ 20.020] (II) intel(0): found backlight control interface /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight [ 20.080] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 has no monitor section [ 20.080] (II) intel(0): EDID for output LVDS1 [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "320x240" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "400x300" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "400x300" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.081] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "512x384" (doublescan mode not supported) ... [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Not using default mode "960x600" (doublescan mode not supported) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Printing probed modes for output LVDS1 [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "1024x768"x60.0 65.00 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync (48.4 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "800x600"x60.3 40.00 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 +hsync +vsync (37.9 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "800x600"x56.2 36.00 800 824 896 1024 600 601 603 625 +hsync +vsync (35.2 kHz) [ 20.082] (II) intel(0): Modeline "640x480"x59.9 25.18 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): EDID for output VGA1 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Manufacturer: BNQ Model: 771b Serial#: 6595 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Year: 2008 Week: 16 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): EDID Version: 1.3 [ 20.149] (II) intel(0): Analog Display Input, Input Voltage Level: 0.700/0.700 V ... [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Modeline "640x480"x60.0 25.20 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Modeline "720x400"x70.1 28.32 720 738 846 900 400 412 414 449 -hsync +vsync (31.5 kHz) [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 connected [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 connected [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Using exact sizes for initial modes [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output LVDS1 using initial mode 1024x768 [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Output VGA1 using initial mode 1024x768 [ 20.152] (II) intel(0): Using default gamma of (1.0, 1.0, 1.0) unless otherwise stated. ...

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• No root file system is defined error after installation

  - by LearnCode

  I installed ubuntu through Wubi and once i rebooted I get no root file system defined error. here's the output of the boot_info_script.Could anyone point me out where the error is. Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe /ntldr /ntdetect.com /wubildr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr /wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/disks/root.disk /ubuntu/disks/swap.disk sda1/Wubi: _____________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /boot.ini /ntldr /NTDETECT.COM sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20673 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 301,250,879 301,250,817 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 301,250,943 312,575,759 11,324,817 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) GUID Partition Table detected, but does not seem to be used. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 323,465,741,313,502,988275,962,973,585-323,465,465,350,529,402 - /dev/sda2 242,728,591,638,290,720578,721,383,108,845,578335,992,791,470,554,859 - /dev/sda3 1,827,498,311,425,204,2562,091,935,274,843,009,907264,436,963,417,805,652 - /dev/sda4 579,711,218,081,401,3572,006,665,459,744,645,1521,426,954,241,663,243,796 - /dev/sda11 270,286,346,402,038,1183,786,543,326,404,525,9543,516,256,980,002,487,837 - /dev/sda12 4,179,681,002,230,769,6684,179,389,374,010,033,387-291,628,220,736,280 - /dev/sda13 232,556,480,979,456,1311,160,152,593,793,119,235927,596,112,813,663,105 - /dev/sda14 98,342,784,050,266,9183,691,264,578,843,725,1953,592,921,794,793,458,278 - /dev/sda15 2,307,845,219,957,882,4961,850,841,032,955,276,350-457,004,187,002,606,145 - /dev/sda16 512,592,046,878,946,497368,458,231,024,779,444-144,133,815,854,167,052 - /dev/sda17 2,504,135,232,870,384,3923,665,087,872,719,320,8291,160,952,639,848,936,438 - /dev/sda18 3,783,181,605,270,691,304122,034,509,624,708,942-3,661,147,095,645,982,361 - /dev/sda19 3,519,661,520,275,829,5122,376,243,094,723,723,587-1,143,418,425,552,105,924 - /dev/sda20 3,867,920,076,859,0744,494,691,111,933,625,1044,490,823,191,856,766,031 - /dev/sda21 1,500,144,061,909,253,7612,511,182,033,846,676,3401,011,037,971,937,422,580 - /dev/sda22 13,035,625,499,900,0062,360,168,613,941,394,9472,347,132,988,441,494,942 - /dev/sda23 4,228,978,682,068,599,48813,159,423,631,648,263-4,215,819,258,436,951,224 - /dev/sda24 3,695,955,742,872,046,9084,561,928,726,501,845,776865,972,983,629,798,869 - /dev/sda25 1,297,460,286,683,948,0461,444,350,486,339,417,957146,890,199,655,469,912 - /dev/sda26 1,228,858,248,533,131,831 0-1,228,858,248,533,131,830 - /dev/sda121 3,189,184,846,146,487,1461,849,820,258,006,914,852-1,339,364,588,139,572,293 - /dev/sda122 1,226,215,547,991,800,578389,781,518,734,546,300-836,434,029,257,254,277 - /dev/sda123 3,851,660,168,574,583,4654,046,215,657,583,031,556194,555,489,008,448,092 - /dev/sda124 1,197,460,980,174,153,341699,103,965,005,093,246-498,357,015,169,060,094 - Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750153367552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91200 cylinders, total 1465143296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2,048 1,465,143,295 1,465,141,248 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 iso9660 Ubuntu 11.04 amd64 /dev/loop1 squashfs /dev/sda1 E814B55B14B52E06 ntfs /dev/sda2 01CD-023B vfat HP_RECOVERY /dev/sdb1 7836F22A36F1E8D0 ntfs Elements ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop1 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sdb1 /mnt fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) ================================ sda2/boot.ini: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [boot loader] timeout=0 default=C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Microsoft Windows Recovery Console" /cmdcons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown GPT Partiton Type c104043000e9b9040dff24b580010100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 46313020746f20737461727420746865 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 65727920706172746974696f6e207761 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 727920706172746974696f6e0d0a0000 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 000f84e5f7668b162404e82804744066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type ce01e8dc038bfe66391624047505e8d9 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0345086603f0e881030bd2740333d240 Unknown GPT Partiton Type bece01e8db0287fec645041266895508 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 01f60634010175078b363b01e854f5e8 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 313825740ffec03865107408fec03824 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02f60634014074088bfdbece01e85101 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 263401f9e894f30f858ef4e8e201e8ec Unknown GPT Partiton Type f7e960f35245434f5645525966606633 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 660faf1e00106603dac3668b0e001066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 8bfd386d04740583c710e2f6c36660c6 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 04ebf132c0b91000f3aac3bf0c04ebf3 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02662bc1660fb71e0e02662bc366031e Unknown GPT Partiton Type f4b40ebb0700b901003c08751381ff25 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 534f465448494e4b90653f62011b0100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0b050900027777772e68702e636f6d00 Unknown GPT Partiton Type d441a0f5030003000ecb744a08bb3746 Unknown GPT Partiton Type f8579a116b4a7aa931cde97a4b9b5c09 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 7229990415b77c0a1970e7e824237a3a Unknown GPT Partiton Type afb6e34d6b4bd8c7c0eada19a9786cc3 Unknown BootLoader on sda1/Wubi 00000000 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 |0000000000000000| * 00000200 Unknown BootLoader on sda2 00000000 e9 a7 00 52 45 43 4f 56 45 52 59 00 02 08 20 00 |...RECOVERY... .| 00000010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 f0 00 7f b9 f4 11 |........?.......| 00000020 8c cd ac 00 1e 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.....+..........| 00000030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000040 80 00 29 3b 02 cd 01 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..);... | 00000050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 8b d0 c1 e2 02 80 | FAT32 ......| 00000060 e6 01 66 c1 e8 07 66 3b 46 f8 74 2a 66 89 46 f8 |..f...f;F.t*f.F.| 00000070 66 03 46 f4 66 0f b6 5e 28 80 e3 0f 74 0f 3a 5e |f.F.f..^(...t.:^| 00000080 10 0f 83 90 00 66 0f af 5e 24 66 03 c3 bb e0 07 |.....f..^$f.....| 00000090 b9 01 00 e8 cf 00 8b da 66 8b 87 00 7e 66 25 ff |........f...~f%.| 000000a0 ff ff 0f 66 3d f8 ff ff 0f c3 33 c9 8e d9 8e c1 |...f=.....3.....| 000000b0 8e d1 66 bc f4 7b 00 00 bd 00 7c 66 0f b6 46 10 |..f..{....|f..F.| 000000c0 66 f7 66 24 66 0f b7 56 0e 66 03 56 1c 66 89 56 |f.f$f..V.f.V.f.V| 000000d0 f4 66 03 c2 66 89 46 fc 66 c7 46 f8 ff ff ff ff |.f..f.F.f.F.....| 000000e0 66 8b 46 2c 66 50 e8 af 00 bb 70 00 b9 01 00 e8 |f.F,fP....p.....| 000000f0 73 00 bf 00 07 b1 0b be a9 7d f3 a6 74 2a 03 f9 |s........}..t*..| 00000100 83 c7 15 81 ff 00 09 72 ec 66 40 4a 75 db 66 58 |[email protected]| 00000110 e8 47 ff 72 cf be b4 7d ac 84 c0 74 09 b4 0e bb |.G.r...}...t....| 00000120 07 00 cd 10 eb f2 cd 19 66 58 ff 75 09 ff 75 0f |........fX.u..u.| 00000130 66 58 bb 00 20 66 83 f8 02 72 da 66 3d f8 ff ff |fX.. f...r.f=...| 00000140 0f 73 d2 66 50 e8 50 00 0f b6 4e 0d e8 16 00 c1 |.s.fP.P...N.....| 00000150 e1 05 03 d9 66 58 53 e8 00 ff 5b 72 d8 8a 56 40 |....fXS...[r..V@| 00000160 ea 00 00 00 20 66 60 66 6a 00 66 50 53 6a 00 66 |.... f`fj.fPSj.f| 00000170 68 10 00 01 00 8b f4 b8 00 42 8a 56 40 cd 13 be |h........B.V@...| 00000180 c7 7d 72 94 67 83 44 24 06 20 66 67 ff 44 24 08 |.}r.g.D$. fg.D$.| 00000190 e2 e3 83 c4 10 66 61 c3 66 48 66 48 66 0f b6 56 |.....fa.fHfHf..V| 000001a0 0d 66 f7 e2 66 03 46 fc c3 4e 54 4c 44 52 20 20 |.f..f.F..NTLDR | 000001b0 20 20 20 20 0d 0a 4e 6f 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | ..No System | 000001c0 44 69 73 6b 20 6f 72 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 49 2f |Disk or..Disk I/| 000001d0 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 73 20 61 |O error..Press a| 000001e0 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 61 72 74 0d | key to restart.| 000001f0 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== umount: /isodevice: device is busy. (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

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• Disk Drive not working

  - by user287681

  The CD/DVD drive on my sisters' (I'm helping her shift from Win. XP (now officially deprecated by Microsoft) to Ubuntu) system. Now, it may end up being a failed attempt, all together (Almost the whole last year (when she's been on XP) the disk drive hasn't (not even powering on) been working.), I just want to make sure I've explored every remote possibility. Because I figure, "Huh, now that I've got Ubuntu running, instead of XP, that (just) might make a difference.". I have tried using the sudo lshw command in the terminal, to (seemingly) no avil, but, who knows, you might be able to make something out of it. Here's the output: kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$ sudo lshw [sudo] password for kyra: kyra-satellite-p105 description: Notebook product: Satellite P105 () vendor: TOSHIBA version: PSPA0U-0TN01M serial: 96084354W width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=oem-specific chassis=notebook frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=disabled uuid=00900559-F88E-D811-82E0-00163680E992 *-core description: Motherboard product: Satellite P105 vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: Not Applicable serial: 1234567890 *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: V4.70 date: 01/19/20092 size: 92KiB capabilities: isa pci pcmcia pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot acpi usb biosbootspecification *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5500 @ 1.66GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5 slot: U2E1 size: 1667MHz capacity: 1667MHz width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm dtherm cpufreq *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1 Cache size: 16KiB capacity: 16KiB capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2 Cache size: 2MiB capabilities: burst external write-back *-memory description: System Memory physical id: c slot: System board or motherboard size: 2GiB capacity: 3GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 0 slot: M1 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 1 slot: M2 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-pci description: Host bridge product: Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d0200000-d027ffff ioport:1800(size=8) memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0300000-d033ffff *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d0280000-d02fffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 02 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d0340000-d0343fff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:84000000-841fffff ioport:84200000(size=2097152) *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:41 ioport:4000(size=4096) memory:84400000-846fffff ioport:84700000(size=2097152) *-network description: Wireless interface product: PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 02 serial: 00:13:02:d6:d2:35 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwl3945 driverversion=3.13.0-29-generic firmware=15.32.2.9 ip=10.110.20.157 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:43 memory:84400000-84400fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:42 ioport:5000(size=4096) memory:84900000-84afffff ioport:84b00000(size=2097152) *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 ioport:1820(size=32) *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1840(size=32) *-usb:2 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:18 ioport:1860(size=32) *-usb:3 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 ioport:1880(size=32) *-usb:4 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.7 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:d0544000-d05443ff *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: e2 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list resources: ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d0000000-d00fffff ioport:80000000(size=67108864) *-pcmcia description: CardBus bridge product: PCIxx12 Cardbus Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pcmcia bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=yenta_cardbus latency=176 maxlatency=5 mingnt=192 resources: irq:17 memory:d0004000-d0004fff ioport:2400(size=256) ioport:2800(size=256) memory:80000000-83ffffff memory:88000000-8bffffff *-firewire description: FireWire (IEEE 1394) product: PCIxx12 OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.1 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=3 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007000-d00077ff memory:d0000000-d0003fff *-storage description: Mass storage controller product: 5-in-1 Multimedia Card Reader (SD/MMC/MS/MS PRO/xD) vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.2 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.2 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=tifm_7xx1 latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0005000-d0005fff *-generic description: SD Host controller product: PCIxx12 SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.3 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.3 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007800-d00078ff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: PRO/100 VE Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:0a:08.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:16:36:80:e9:92 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e100 driverversion=3.5.24-k2-NAPI duplex=half latency=64 link=no maxlatency=56 mingnt=8 multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:20 memory:d0006000-d0006fff ioport:2000(size=64) *-isa description: ISA bridge product: 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0 resources: irq:0 *-ide description: IDE interface product: 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7-M Family) SATA Controller [IDE mode] vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ata_piix latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:18b0(size=16) *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: NM10/ICH7 Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: ioport:18c0(size=32) *-scsi physical id: 1 logical name: scsi0 capabilities: emulated *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9250421AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: SD13 serial: 5TH0B2HB size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000d7fd5 *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 13bb4bdd-8cc9-40e2-a490-dbe436c2a02d size: 230GiB capacity: 230GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2014-06-01 17:37:01 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-06-01 21:15:21 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-06-01 21:15:21 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 2037MiB capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: nofs *-remoteaccess UNCLAIMED vendor: Intel physical id: 1 capabilities: inbound kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$

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• Server overloaded with log messages: tty_release_dev: pts0: read/write wait queue active!

  - by Raph

  In the logs, I have this (extract from the full kernel messages logges at 06:01:14): Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.863038] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000015 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861081] Process telnet (pid: 20247, threadinfo ffff8800f8598000, task ffff8800024d4500) And then the server logs flooded by this message: Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861547] tty_release_dev: pts0: read/write wait queue active! In the end, 2 hours later, I had to reboot because it had become inaccessible: the load hat grown to 160%. The last command does not show anyone logged on pts0 at that time. I also don't know where this telnet process could come from.... This is an AWS instance running UBUNTU 10.04 LTS And here are the complete logs: Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.863038] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000015 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861007] IP: [<ffffffff81363dde>] n_tty_read+0x2ce/0x970 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861019] PGD ee13d067 PUD f8698067 PMD 0 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861025] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861028] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/xen/vbd-2208/block/sdk/removable Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861032] CPU 0 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861034] Modules linked in: ipv6 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861040] Pid: 20247, comm: telnet Not tainted 2.6.32-312-ec2 #24-Ubuntu Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861042] RIP: e030:[<ffffffff81363dde>] [<ffffffff81363dde>] n_tty_read+0x2ce/0x970 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861047] RSP: e02b:ffff8800f8599d88 EFLAGS: 00010246 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861049] RAX: 0000000000000015 RBX: ffff8800f8598000 RCX: 0000000001aed069 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861052] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff8800f8599e67 RDI: ffff8801dd833d1c Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861054] RBP: ffff8800f8599e98 R08: ffffffff8135eb10 R09: 7fffffffffffffff Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861057] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: ffff8801dd833800 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861059] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff8801dd833a68 R15: ffff8801dd833d1c Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861065] FS: 00007f90121f6720(0000) GS:ffff880002c40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861068] CS: e033 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861070] CR2: 0000000000000015 CR3: 0000000032a59000 CR4: 0000000000002660 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861073] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861076] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861081] Process telnet (pid: 20247, threadinfo ffff8800f8598000, task ffff8800024d4500) Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861083] Stack: Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861085] 0000000000000000 0000000001aed069 ffff8801dd8339c8 ffff8800024d4500 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861089] <0> ffff8801dd8339c0 ffff8801dd833c90 0000000001aed027 ffff8800024d4500 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861094] <0> ffff8801dd8338d8 0000000000000000 ffff8800024d4500 0000000000000000 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861099] Call Trace: Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861107] [<ffffffff81034bc0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x10 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861113] [<ffffffff8135ebb6>] tty_read+0xa6/0xf0 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861118] [<ffffffff810ee7e5>] vfs_read+0xb5/0x1a0 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861122] [<ffffffff810ee91c>] sys_read+0x4c/0x80 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861127] [<ffffffff81009ba8>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861131] [<ffffffff81009b40>] ? system_call+0x0/0x52 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861133] Code: 85 d2 0f 84 92 00 00 00 45 8b ac 24 5c 02 00 00 f0 45 0f b3 2e 45 19 ed 49 63 84 24 5c 02 00 00 49 8b 94 24 50 02 00 00 4c 89 ff <0f> be 1c 02 e8 a9 d3 14 00 41 8b 94 24 5c 02 00 00 41 83 ac 24 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861171] RIP [<ffffffff81363dde>] n_tty_read+0x2ce/0x970 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861175] RSP <ffff8800f8599d88> Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861171] RIP [<ffffffff81363dde>] n_tty_read+0x2ce/0x970 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861175] RSP <ffff8800f8599d88> Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861177] CR2: 0000000000000015 Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861205] ---[ end trace f10eee2057ff4f6b ]--- Apr 21 06:01:14 ip-10-49-109-107 kernel: [233185.861547] tty_release_dev: pts0: read/write wait queue active!

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• My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

  - by sbleon

  (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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• My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

  - by sbleon

  (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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• Site-to-Site PPTP VPN connection between two Windows Server 2008 R2 servers

  - by steve_eyre

  We have two Windows Server 2008 R2 machines, one in our main office and one in a new office which we have just moved offsite. The main office has previously been handling client-to-server PPTP VPN connections. Now that we have moved our second server out of office, we want to set up a demand-dial or persistent VPN connection from the second server to the primary. Using a custom setting RRAS profile, we have successfully managed to set up a site-to-site VPN connection so that from the second server itself, it can access any of the devices in the main office and communicate back. However, any connected machines in the second office cannot use this connection, even when using the second server as gateway. The demand-dial interface is setup from the Second Server dialing into Main Server and a static route set up on RRAS for 192.168.0.0 with subnet mask 255.255.0.0 pointing down this network interface. The main office has the network of 192.168.0.0/16 (subnet mask 255.255.0.0). The second office has the network of 172.16.100.0/24 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). What steps do we need to take to ensure traffic from the second office PCs going towards 192.168.x.x addresses use the VPN route? Many Thanks in advance for any help the community can offer. Debug Information Here is the route print output from the second server: =========================================================================== Interface List 23...........................Main Office 22...........................RAS (Dial In) Interface 16...e0 db 55 12 fa 02 ......Local Area Connection - Virtual Network 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 14...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 24...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.100.250 172.16.100.222 261 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 <MAIN OFFICE IP> 255.255.255.255 172.16.100.250 172.16.100.222 6 172.16.100.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.113 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.113 306 172.16.100.222 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.223 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.224 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.225 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.226 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.227 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.228 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.229 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.230 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 172.16.100.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.101.87 192.168.101.17 266 192.168.101.17 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.101.17 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.100.113 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.101.17 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.222 261 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.113 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.101.17 266 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.200 Default 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.100.250 Default =========================================================================== IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 16 261 fe80::/64 On-link 16 261 fe80::edf4:85c6:3c15:dcbe/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 16 261 ff00::/8 On-link 22 306 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None And here is the route print from one of the second office PCs: =========================================================================== Interface List 11...10 78 d2 32 53 27 ......Atheros AR8151 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.100.250 172.16.100.103 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 172.16.100.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 172.16.100.103 266 172.16.100.103 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.103 266 172.16.100.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.103 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.100.103 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.103 266 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 11 266 fe80::/64 On-link 11 266 fe80::e973:de17:a045:aa78/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 11 266 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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• Creating a Reverse Proxy using Jpcap

  - by Ramon Marco Navarro

  I need to create a program that receives HTTP request and forwards those requests to the web servers. I have successfully made this using only Java Sockets but the client needed the program to be implemented in Jpcap. I'd like to know if this is possible and what literature I should be reading for this project. This is what I have now by stitching together pieces from the Jpcap tutorial: import java.net.InetAddress; import java.io.*; import jpcap.*; import jpcap.packet.*; public class Router { public static void main(String args[]) { //Obtain the list of network interfaces NetworkInterface[] devices = JpcapCaptor.getDeviceList(); //for each network interface for (int i = 0; i < devices.length; i++) { //print out its name and description System.out.println(i+": "+devices[i].name + "(" + devices[i].description+")"); //print out its datalink name and description System.out.println(" datalink: "+devices[i].datalink_name + "(" + devices[i].datalink_description+")"); //print out its MAC address System.out.print(" MAC address:"); for (byte b : devices[i].mac_address) System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(b&0xff) + ":"); System.out.println(); //print out its IP address, subnet mask and broadcast address for (NetworkInterfaceAddress a : devices[i].addresses) System.out.println(" address:"+a.address + " " + a.subnet + " "+ a.broadcast); } int index = 1; // set index of the interface that you want to open. //Open an interface with openDevice(NetworkInterface intrface, int snaplen, boolean promics, int to_ms) JpcapCaptor captor = null; try { captor = JpcapCaptor.openDevice(devices[index], 65535, false, 20); captor.setFilter("port 80 and host 192.168.56.1", true); } catch(java.io.IOException e) { System.err.println(e); } //call processPacket() to let Jpcap call PacketPrinter.receivePacket() for every packet capture. captor.loopPacket(-1,new PacketPrinter()); captor.close(); } } class PacketPrinter implements PacketReceiver { //this method is called every time Jpcap captures a packet public void receivePacket(Packet p) { JpcapSender sender = null; try { NetworkInterface[] devices = JpcapCaptor.getDeviceList(); sender = JpcapSender.openDevice(devices[1]); } catch(IOException e) { System.err.println(e); } IPPacket packet = (IPPacket)p; try { // IP Address of machine sending HTTP requests (the client) // It's still on the same LAN as the servers for testing purposes. packet.dst_ip = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.56.2"); } catch(java.net.UnknownHostException e) { System.err.println(e); } //create an Ethernet packet (frame) EthernetPacket ether=new EthernetPacket(); //set frame type as IP ether.frametype=EthernetPacket.ETHERTYPE_IP; //set source and destination MAC addresses // MAC Address of machine running reverse proxy server ether.src_mac = new MacAddress("08:00:27:00:9C:80").getAddress(); // MAC Address of machine running web server ether.dst_mac = new MacAddress("08:00:27:C7:D2:4C").getAddress(); //set the datalink frame of the packet as ether packet.datalink=ether; //send the packet sender.sendPacket(packet); sender.close(); //just print out a captured packet System.out.println(packet); } } Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

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• Trouble Percent-Encoding Spaces in Java

  - by behrk2

  Hi Everyone, I am using the URLUTF8Encoder.java class from W3C (www.w3.org/International/URLUTF8Encoder.java). Currently, it will encode any blank spaces ' ' into plus signs '+'. I am having difficulty modifying the code to percent-encode the blank space into '%20'. Unfortunately, I am not too familiar with hex. Can anyone help me out? I need to modify this snippet... else if (ch == ' ') { // space sbuf.append('+'); in the following code: final static String[] hex = { "%00", "%01", "%02", "%03", "%04", "%05", "%06", "%07", "%08", "%09", "%0A", "%0B", "%0C", "%0D", "%0E", "%0F", "%10", "%11", "%12", "%13", "%14", "%15", "%16", "%17", "%18", "%19", "%1A", "%1B", "%1C", "%1D", "%1E", "%1F", "%20", "%21", "%22", "%23", "%24", "%25", "%26", "%27", "%28", "%29", "%2A", "%2B", "%2C", "%2D", "%2E", "%2F", "%30", "%31", "%32", "%33", "%34", "%35", "%36", "%37", "%38", "%39", "%3A", "%3B", "%3C", "%3D", "%3E", "%3F", "%40", "%41", "%42", "%43", "%44", "%45", "%46", "%47", "%48", "%49", "%4A", "%4B", "%4C", "%4D", "%4E", "%4F", "%50", "%51", "%52", "%53", "%54", "%55", "%56", "%57", "%58", "%59", "%5A", "%5B", "%5C", "%5D", "%5E", "%5F", "%60", "%61", "%62", "%63", "%64", "%65", "%66", "%67", "%68", "%69", "%6A", "%6B", "%6C", "%6D", "%6E", "%6F", "%70", "%71", "%72", "%73", "%74", "%75", "%76", "%77", "%78", "%79", "%7A", "%7B", "%7C", "%7D", "%7E", "%7F", "%80", "%81", "%82", "%83", "%84", "%85", "%86", "%87", "%88", "%89", "%8A", "%8B", "%8C", "%8D", "%8E", "%8F", "%90", "%91", "%92", "%93", "%94", "%95", "%96", "%97", "%98", "%99", "%9A", "%9B", "%9C", "%9D", "%9E", "%9F", "%A0", "%A1", "%A2", "%A3", "%A4", "%A5", "%A6", "%A7", "%A8", "%A9", "%AA", "%AB", "%AC", "%AD", "%AE", "%AF", "%B0", "%B1", "%B2", "%B3", "%B4", "%B5", "%B6", "%B7", "%B8", "%B9", "%BA", "%BB", "%BC", "%BD", "%BE", "%BF", "%C0", "%C1", "%C2", "%C3", "%C4", "%C5", "%C6", "%C7", "%C8", "%C9", "%CA", "%CB", "%CC", "%CD", "%CE", "%CF", "%D0", "%D1", "%D2", "%D3", "%D4", "%D5", "%D6", "%D7", "%D8", "%D9", "%DA", "%DB", "%DC", "%DD", "%DE", "%DF", "%E0", "%E1", "%E2", "%E3", "%E4", "%E5", "%E6", "%E7", "%E8", "%E9", "%EA", "%EB", "%EC", "%ED", "%EE", "%EF", "%F0", "%F1", "%F2", "%F3", "%F4", "%F5", "%F6", "%F7", "%F8", "%F9", "%FA", "%FB", "%FC", "%FD", "%FE", "%FF" }; public static String encode(String s) { StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer(); int len = s.length(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int ch = s.charAt(i); if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') { // 'A'..'Z' sbuf.append((char) ch); } else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') { // 'a'..'z' sbuf.append((char) ch); } else if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') { // '0'..'9' sbuf.append((char) ch); } else if (ch == ' ') { // space sbuf.append('+'); } else if (ch == '-' || ch == '_' // unreserved || ch == '.' || ch == '!' || ch == '~' || ch == '*' || ch == '\'' || ch == '(' || ch == ')') { sbuf.append((char) ch); } else if (ch <= 0x007f) { // other ASCII sbuf.append(hex[ch]); } else if (ch <= 0x07FF) { // non-ASCII <= 0x7FF sbuf.append(hex[0xc0 | (ch >> 6)]); sbuf.append(hex[0x80 | (ch & 0x3F)]); } else { // 0x7FF < ch <= 0xFFFF sbuf.append(hex[0xe0 | (ch >> 12)]); sbuf.append(hex[0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F)]); sbuf.append(hex[0x80 | (ch & 0x3F)]); } } return sbuf.toString(); } Thanks!

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• round off and displaying the values

  - by S.PRATHIBA

  Hi all, I have the following code: import java.io.; import java.sql.; import java.math.; import java.lang.; public class Testd1{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Sum of the specific column!"); Connection con = null; int m=1; double sum,sum1,sum2; int e[]; e=new int[100]; int p; int decimalPlaces = 5; for( int i=0;i< e.length;i++) { e[i]=0; } double b2,c2,d2,u2,v2; int i,j,k,x,y; double mat[][]=new double[10][10]; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/prathi","root","mysql"); try{ Statement st = con.createStatement(); ResultSet res = st.executeQuery("SELECT Service_ID,SUM(consumer_feedback) FROM consumer1 group by Service_ID"); while (res.next()){ int data=res.getInt(1); System.out.println(data); System.out.println("\n\n"); int c1 = res.getInt(2); e[m]=res.getInt(2); if(e[m]<0) e[m]=0; m++; System.out.print(c1); System.out.println("\t\t"); } sum=e[1]+e[2]+e[3]+e[4]+e[5]; System.out.println("\n \n The sum is" +sum); for( p=21; p<=25; p++) { if(e[p] != 0) e[p]=e[p]/(int)sum; //I have type casted sum to get output BigDecimal bd1 = new BigDecimal(e[p]); bd1 = bd1.setScale(decimalPlaces, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP); // setScale is immutable e[p] = bd1.intValue(); System.out.println("\n\n The normalized value is" +e[p]); mat[4][p-21]=e[p]; } } catch (SQLException s){ System.out.println("SQL statement is not executed!"); } } catch (Exception e1){ e1.printStackTrace(); } } } I have a table named consumer1.After calculating the sum i am getting the values as follows mysql select Service_ID,sum(consumer_feedback) from consumer1 group by Service_ ID; Service_ID sum(consumer_feedback) 31 17 32 0 33 60 34 38 35 | 38 In my program I am getting the sum for each Service_ID correctly.But,after normalization ie while I am calculating 17/153=0.111 I am getting the normalized value is 0.I want the normalized values to be displayed correctly after rounding off.My output is as follows C:javac Testd1.java C:java Testd1 Sum of the specific column! 31 17 32 0 33 60 34 38 35 38 The sum is153.0 The normalized value is0 The normalized value is0 The normalized value is0 The normalized value is0 The normalized value is0 But,after normalization i want to get 17/153=0.111 I am getting the normalized value is 0.I want these values to be rounded off.

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• Help with specific Regex: need to match multiple instances of multiple formats in a single string.

  - by KevenK

  I apologize for the terrible title...it can be hard to try to summarize an entire situation into a single sentence. Let me start by saying that I'm asking because I'm just not a Regex expert. I've used it a bit here and there, but I just come up short with the correct way to meet the following requirements. The Regex that I'm attempting to write is for use in an XML schema for input validation, and used elsewhere in Javascript for the same purpose. There are two different possible formats that are supported. There is a literal string, which must be surrounded by quotation marks, and a Hex-value string which must be surrounded by braces. Some test cases: "this is a literal string" <-- Valid string, enclosed properly in "s "this should " still be correct" <-- Valid string, "s are allowed within (if possible, this requirement could be forgiven if necessary) "{00 11 22}" <-- Valid string, {}'s allow in strings. Another one that can be forgiven if necessary I am bad output <-- Invalid string, no "s "Some more problemss"you know <-- Invalid string, must be fully contained in "s {0A 68 4F 89 AC D2} <-- Valid string, hex characters enclosed in {}s {DDFF1234} <-- Valid string, spaces are ignored for Hex strings DEADBEEF <-- Invalid string, must be contained in either "s or {}s {0A 12 ZZ} <-- Invalid string, 'Z' is not a valid Hex character To satisfy these general requirements, I had come up with the following Regex that seems to work well enough. I'm still fairly new to Regex, so there could be a huge hole here that I'm missing.: &quot;.+&quot;|\{([0-9]|[a-f]|[A-F]| )+\} If I recall correctly, the XML Schema regex automatically assumes beginning and end of line (^ and $ respectively). So, essentially, this regex accepts any string that starts and ends with a ", or starts and ends with {}s and contains only valid Hexidecimal characters. This has worked well for me so far except that I had forgotten about another (although less common, and thus forgotten) input option that completely breaks my regex. Where I made my mistake: Valid input should also allow a user to separate valid strings (of either type, literal/hex) by a comma. This means that a single string should be able to contain more than one of the above valid strings, separated by commas. Luckily, however, a comma is not a supported character within a literal string (although I see that my existing regex does not care about commas). Example test cases: "some string",{0A F1} <-- Valid {1122},{face},"peanut butter" <-- Valid {0D 0A FF FE},"string",{FF FFAC19 85} <-- Valid (Spaces don't matter in Hex values) "Validation is allowed to break, if a comma is found not separating values",{0d 0a} <-- Invalid, comma is a delimiter, but "Validation is allowed to break" and "if a comma..." are not marked as separate strings with "s hi mom,"hello" <-- Invalid, String1 was not enclosed properly in "s or {}s My thoughts are that it is possible to use commas as a delimiter to check each "section" of the string to match a regex similar to the original, but I just am not that advanced in regex yet to come up with a solution on my own. Any help would be appreciated, but ultimately a final solution with an explanation would just stellar. Thanks for reading this huge wall of text!

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• how to change php functions send result to jquery ajax

  - by OpenCode

  I have many codes for user notifications, it do many mysql works, so it needs waiting times. jquery ajax works for php files. how can i use jquery for send php result to web page? current code : <? echo db_cache("main_top_naver_cache", 300, "naver_popular('naver_popular', 4)"))?> wanted code : but it shows errors... <div id='a'> <div id='b'> <script type="text/javascript"> $("#test1").html( " <? echo htmlspecialchars(db_cache("main_top_naver_cache", 300, "naver_popular('naver_popular', 4)"))?> " ); </script> IE debuger shows error ... SCRIPT1015:... <script type="text/javascript"> $("#test1").html( " &lt;style&gt; /* http://html.nhncorp.com/uio_factory/ui_pattern/list/3 */ .section_ol3{position:relative;border:1px solid #ddd;background:#fff;font-size:12px;font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;line-height:normal;*zoom:1} .section_ol3 a{color:#666;text-decoration:none} .section_ol3 a:hover, .section_ol3 a:active, .section_ol3 a:focus{text-decoration:underline} .section_ol3 em{font-style:normal} .section_ol3 h2{margin:0;padding:10px 0 8px 13px;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;font-size:12px;color:#333} .section_ol3 h2 em{color:#cf3292} .section_ol3 ol{margin:13px;padding:0;list-style:none} .section_ol3 li{position:relative;margin:0 0 10px 0;*zoom:1} .section_ol3 li:after{display:block;clear:both;content:&quot;&quot;} .section_ol3 li .ranking{display:inline-block;width:14px;height:11px;margin:0 5px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #fff;border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;background:#d1d1d1;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;font:bold 10px Tahoma;color:#fff} .section_ol3 li.best .ranking{border-bottom:1px solid #6e87a5;background:#6e87a5} .section_ol3 li.best a{color:#7189a7} .section_ol3 li .num{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;font-size:11px;color:#a8a8a8;white-space:nowrap} .section_ol3 li.best .num{font-weight:bold;color:#7189a7} .section_ol3 .more{position:absolute;top:10px;right:13px;font:11px Dotum, ??;text-decoration:none !important} .section_ol3 .more span{margin:0 2px 0 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px;color:#d76ea9;vertical-align:middle} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;section_ol3&quot;&gt; &lt;ol style='text-align:left;'&gt; &lt;li class='best'&gt;&lt;span class='ranking'&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href='http://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&amp;query=%B9%AB%C7%D1%B5%B5%C0%FC&amp;sm=top_lve' onfocus='this.blur()' title='????' target=new&gt;????&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class='num'&gt;+42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class='best'&gt;&lt;span class='ranking'&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href='http://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&amp;query=%B1%E8%C0%E7%BF%AC&amp;sm=top_lve' onfocus='this.blur()' title='???' target=new&gt;???&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class='num'&gt;+123&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class='best'&gt;&lt;span class='ranking'&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href='http://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&amp;query=%C0%CC%C7%CF%C0%CC&amp;sm=top_lve' onfocus='this.blur()' title='???' target=new&gt;???&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class='num'&gt;+90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li &gt;&lt;span class='ranking'&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href='http://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&amp;query=%BA%D2%C8%C4%C0%C7%B8%ED%B0%EE2&amp;sm=top_lve' onfocus='this.blur()' title='?????2' target=new&gt;?????2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class='num'&gt;+87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; </div> " );

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• How Mature is Your Database Change Management Process?

  - by Ben Rees

  .dbd-banner p{ font-size:0.75em; padding:0 0 10px; margin:0 } .dbd-banner p span{ color:#675C6D; } .dbd-banner p:last-child{ padding:0; } @media ALL and (max-width:640px){ .dbd-banner{ background:#f0f0f0; padding:5px; color:#333; margin-top: 5px; } } -- Database Delivery Patterns & Practices Further Reading Organization and team processes How do you get your database schema changes live, on to your production system? As your team of developers and DBAs are working on the changes to the database to support your business-critical applications, how do these updates wend their way through from dev environments, possibly to QA, hopefully through pre-production and eventually to production in a controlled, reliable and repeatable way? In this article, I describe a model we use to try and understand the different stages that customers go through as their database change management processes mature, from the very basic and manual, through to advanced continuous delivery practices. I also provide a simple chart that will help you determine “How mature is our database change management process?” This process of managing changes to the database – which all of us who have worked in application/database development have had to deal with in one form or another – is sometimes known as Database Change Management (even if we’ve never used the term ourselves). And it’s a difficult process, often painfully so. Some developers take the approach of “I’ve no idea how my changes get live – I just write the stored procedures and add columns to the tables. It’s someone else’s problem to get this stuff live. I think we’ve got a DBA somewhere who deals with it – I don’t know, I’ve never met him/her”. I know I used to work that way. I worked that way because I assumed that making the updates to production was a trivial task – how hard can it be? Pause the application for half an hour in the middle of the night, copy over the changes to the app and the database, and switch it back on again? Voila! But somehow it never seemed that easy. And it certainly was never that easy for database changes. Why? Because you can’t just overwrite the old database with the new version. Databases have a state – more specifically 4Tb of critical data built up over the last 12 years of running your business, and if your quick hotfix happened to accidentally delete that 4Tb of data, then you’re “Looking for a new role” pretty quickly after the failed release. There are a lot of other reasons why a managed database change management process is important for organisations, besides job security, not least: Frequency of releases. Many business managers are feeling the pressure to get functionality out to their users sooner, quicker and more reliably. The new book (which I highly recommend) Lean Enterprise by Jez Humble, Barry O’Reilly and Joanne Molesky provides a great discussion on how many enterprises are having to move towards a leaner, more frequent release cycle to maintain their competitive advantage. It’s no longer acceptable to release once per year, leaving your customers waiting all year for changes they desperately need (and expect) Auditing and compliance. SOX, HIPAA and other compliance frameworks have demanded that companies implement proper processes for managing changes to their databases, whether managing schema changes, making sure that the data itself is being looked after correctly or other mechanisms that provide an audit trail of changes. We’ve found, at Red Gate that we have a very wide range of customers using every possible form of database change management imaginable. Everything from “Nothing – I just fix the schema on production from my laptop when things go wrong, and write it down in my notebook” to “A full Continuous Delivery process – any change made by a dev gets checked in and recorded, fully tested (including performance tests) before a (tested) release is made available to our Release Management system, ready for live deployment!”. And everything in between of course. Because of the vast number of customers using so many different approaches we found ourselves struggling to keep on top of what everyone was doing – struggling to identify patterns in customers’ behavior. This is useful for us, because we want to try and fit the products we have to different needs – different products are relevant to different customers and we waste everyone’s time (most notably, our customers’) if we’re suggesting products that aren’t appropriate for them. If someone visited a sports store, looking to embark on a new fitness program, and the store assistant suggested the latest $10,000 multi-gym, complete with multiple weights mechanisms, dumb-bells, pull-up bars and so on, then he’s likely to lose that customer. All he needed was a pair of running shoes! To solve this issue – in an attempt to simplify how we understand our customers and our offerings – we built a model. This is a an attempt at trying to classify our customers in to some sort of model or “Customer Maturity Framework” as we rather grandly term it, which somehow simplifies our understanding of what our customers are doing. The great statistician, George Box (amongst other things, the “Box” in the Box-Jenkins time series model) gave us the famous quote: “Essentially all models are wrong, but some are useful” We’ve taken this quote to heart – we know it’s a gross over-simplification of the real world of how users work with complex legacy and new database developments. Almost nobody precisely fits in to one of our categories. But we hope it’s useful and interesting. There are actually a number of similar models that exist for more general application delivery. We’ve found these from ThoughtWorks/Forrester, from InfoQ and others, and initially we tried just taking these models and replacing the word “application” for “database”. However, we hit a problem. From talking to our customers we know that users are far less further down the road of mature database change management than they are for application development. As a simple example, no application developer, who wants to keep his/her job would develop an application for an organisation without source controlling that code. Sure, he/she might not be using an advanced Gitflow branching methodology but they’ll certainly be making sure their code gets managed in a repo somewhere with all the benefits of history, auditing and so on. But this certainly isn’t the case (yet) for the database – a very large segment of the people we speak to have no source control set up for their databases whatsoever, even at the most basic level (for example, keeping change scripts in a source control system somewhere). By the way, if this is you, Red Gate has a great whitepaper here, on the barriers people face getting a source control process implemented at their organisations. This difference in maturity is the same as you move in to areas such as continuous integration (common amongst app developers, relatively rare for database developers) and automated release management (growing amongst app developers, very rare for the database). So, when we created the model we started from scratch and biased the levels of maturity towards what we actually see amongst our customers. But, what are these stages? And what level are you? The table below describes our definitions for four levels of maturity – Baseline, Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced. As I say, this is a model – you won’t fit any of these categories perfectly, but hopefully one will ring true more than others. We’ve also created a PDF with a flow chart to help you find which of these groups most closely matches your team:  Download the Database Delivery Maturity Framework PDF here   Level D1 – Baseline Work directly on live databases Sometimes work directly in production Generate manual scripts for releases. Sometimes use a product like SQL Compare or similar to do this Any tests that we might have are run manually Level D2 – Beginner Have some ad-hoc DB version control such as manually adding upgrade scripts to a version control system Attempt is made to keep production in sync with development environments There is some documentation and planning of manual deployments Some basic automated DB testing in process Level D3 – Intermediate The database is fully version-controlled with a product like Red Gate SQL Source Control or SSDT Database environments are managed Production environment schema is reproducible from the source control system There are some automated tests Have looked at using migration scripts for difficult database refactoring cases Level D4 – Advanced Using continuous integration for database changes Build, testing and deployment of DB changes carried out through a proper database release process Fully automated tests Production system is monitored for fast feedback to developers   Does this model reflect your team at all? Where are you on this journey? We’d be very interested in knowing how you get on. We’re doing a lot of work at the moment, at Red Gate, trying to help people progress through these stages. For example, if you’re currently not source controlling your database, then this is a natural next step. If you are already source controlling your database, what about the next stage – continuous integration and automated release management? To help understand these issues, there’s a summary of the Red Gate Database Delivery learning program on our site, alongside a Patterns and Practices library here on Simple-Talk and a Training Academy section on our documentation site to help you get up and running with the tools you need to progress. All feedback is welcome and it would be great to hear where you find yourself on this journey! This article is part of our database delivery patterns & practices series on Simple Talk. Find more articles for version control, automated testing, continuous integration & deployment.

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