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  • How do I Forward root's email to an external email address?

    - by ErebusBat
    I have a small server (Ubuntu 10.04) at my house and I would like to forward root's email to my gmail hosted domain to get security notifications and what not. I ripped everything out and started from scratch and ran into some other issues. I now have sendmail working in the sense that I can mail [email protected] and get the mail. HOWEVER, adding an address to /root/.forward does not actually forward the message. I get the following in my logs: Dec 22 14:04:37 batcave sendmail[4695]: oBML4bAT004695: to=<root@batcave>, ctladdr=aburns (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30075, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (oBML4bJ9004696 Message accepted for delivery) Dec 22 14:04:39 batcave sm-mta[4698]: STARTTLS=client, relay=[69.145.248.18], version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DES-CBC3-SHA, bits=168/168 Dec 22 14:04:40 batcave sm-mta[4698]: oBML4bJ9004696: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:03, xdelay=00:00:03, mailer=relay, pri=120336, relay=[69.145.248.18] [69.145.248.18], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (OK 01/D4-00853-216621D4) You can see where my local sendmail instance accepts it then hands it off to my ISP, but with the wrong address ([email protected]).

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  • Apache https is slsow

    - by raucous12
    Hey, I've set apache up to use SSL with a self signed certificate. With http (KeepAlive off), I can get over 5000 requests per second. However, with https, I can only get 13 requests per second. I know there is supposed to be a bit of an overhead, but this seems abnormal. Can anyone suggest how I might go about debugging this. Here is the ab log for https: Server Software: Apache/2.2.3 Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1 Server Port: 443 SSL/TLS Protocol: TLSv1/SSLv3,DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA,4096,256 Document Path: /hello.html Document Length: 29 bytes Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 30.49425 seconds Complete requests: 411 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 119601 bytes HTML transferred: 11919 bytes Requests per second: 13.68 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 365.565 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 73.113 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 3.86 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 190 347 74.3 333 716 Processing: 0 14 24.0 1 166 Waiting: 0 11 21.6 0 165 Total: 191 361 80.8 345 716 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 345 66% 377 75% 408 80% 421 90% 468 95% 521 98% 578 99% 596 100% 716 (longest request)

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  • Redirecting or routing all traffic to OpenVPN on a Mac OS X client

    - by sdr56p
    I have configured an OpenVPN (2.2.1) server on an Ubuntu virtual machine in the Amazon elastic compute cloud. The server is up and running. I have installed OpenVPN (2.2.1) on a Mac OS X (10.8.2) client and I am using the openvpn2 binary to connect (in opposition to other clients like Tunnelblick or Viscosity). I can connect with the client and successfully ping or ssh the server through the tunnel. However, I can't redirect all internet traffic through the VPN even if I use the push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" option in the server.conf configurations. When I connect to the server with these configurations, I get a successful connection, but then an infinite series of error messages: "write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65)". Traffic routing seems to be compromised because I am not able to access anything anymore, not even the OpenVPN server (by pinging 10.8.0.1 for instance). This is beyond me. I am finding little help on the web and don't know what to try next. I don't think it is a problem of forwarding the traffic on the server since, first, I have also took care of that and, second, I can't even ping the VPN server locally through the tunnel (or ping anything at all for that matter). Thank you for your help. Here is the server.conf. file: port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert ec2-server.crt key ec2-server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 And the client.conf file: client dev tun proto udp remote servername.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert Toto5.crt key Toto5.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Here is the connection log with the error messages: $ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=ffbaf343 d0c1a266 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed ^CWed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 /sbin/route delete -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 delete net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 Closing TUN/TAP interface Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting toto5:ttntec2 Dominic$ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf --remote ec2-54-234-43-171.compute-1.amazonaws.com Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=a0d75468 ec26de14 Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 54.234.43.171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 add net 54.234.43.171: gateway 0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) ... The routing table after a connection WITHOUT the push redirect-gateway (all traffic is not redirected to the VPN and everything is working fine, I can ping or ssh the OpenVPN server and access all other Internet resources through my default gateway): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default user148-1.wireless UGSc 50 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 7 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UH 3 2 tun0 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 6 6692 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 3 18 lo0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 50 0 en1 76 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 142.1.151.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 2 en1 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSWi 0 0 en1 71 The routing table after a connection with the push redirect-gateway option enable as in the server.conf file above (all internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN tunnel, but nothing is working, I can't access any Internet ressources at all): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 default user148-1.wireless UGSc 7 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 6 0 tun0 54.234.43.171/32 0.0.0.0 UGSc 1 0 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 3 6698 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 0 27 lo0 128.0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 0 tun0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 1 0 en1 833 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSW 0 0 en1

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  • Apache https is slow

    - by raucous12
    Hey, I've set apache up to use SSL with a self signed certificate. With https (KeepAlive on), I can get over 3000 requests per second. However, with https (KeepAlive off), I can only get 13 requests per second. I know there is supposed to be a bit of an overhead, but this seems abnormal. Can anyone suggest how I might go about debugging this. Here is the ab log for https: Server Software: Apache/2.2.3 Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1 Server Port: 443 SSL/TLS Protocol: TLSv1/SSLv3,DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA,4096,256 Document Path: /hello.html Document Length: 29 bytes Concurrency Level: 5 Time taken for tests: 30.49425 seconds Complete requests: 411 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 119601 bytes HTML transferred: 11919 bytes Requests per second: 13.68 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 365.565 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 73.113 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 3.86 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 190 347 74.3 333 716 Processing: 0 14 24.0 1 166 Waiting: 0 11 21.6 0 165 Total: 191 361 80.8 345 716 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 345 66% 377 75% 408 80% 421 90% 468 95% 521 98% 578 99% 596 100% 716 (longest request)

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  • SQL SERVER – History of SQL Server Database Encryption

    - by pinaldave
    I recently met Michael Coles and Rodeney Landrum the author of one of the kind book Expert SQL Server 2008 Encryption at SQLPASS in Seattle. During the conversation we ended up how Microsoft is evolving encryption technology. The same discussion lead to talking about history of encryption tools in SQL Server. Michale pointed me to page 18 of his book of encryption. He explicitly give me permission to re-produce relevant part of history from his book. Encryption in SQL Server 2000 Built-in cryptographic encryption functionality was nonexistent in SQL Server 2000 and prior versions. In order to get server-side encryption in SQL Server you had to resort to purchasing or creating your own SQL Server XPs. Creating your own cryptographic XPs could be a daunting task owing to the fact that XPs had to be compiled as native DLLs (using a language like C or C++) and the XP application programming interface (API) was poorly documented. In addition there were always concerns around creating wellbehaved XPs that “played nicely” with the SQL Server process. Encryption in SQL Server 2005 Prior to the release of SQL Server 2005 there was a flurry of regulatory activity in response to accounting scandals and attacks on repositories of confidential consumer data. Much of this regulation centered onthe need for protecting and controlling access to sensitive financial and consumer information. With the release of SQL Server 2005 Microsoft responded to the increasing demand for built-in encryption byproviding the necessary tools to encrypt data at the column level. This functionality prominently featured the following: Support for column-level encryption of data using symmetric keys or passphrases. Built-in access to a variety of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, including AES, DES, Triple DES, RC2, RC4, and RSA. Capability to create and manage symmetric keys. Key creation and management. Ability to generate asymmetric keys and self-signed certificates, or to install external asymmetric keys and certificates. Implementation of hierarchical model for encryption key management, similar to the ANSI X9.17 standard model. SQL functions to generate one-way hash codes and digital signatures, including SHA-1 and MD5 hashes. Additional SQL functions to encrypt and decrypt data. Extensions to the SQL language to support creation, use, and administration of encryption keys and certificates. SQL CLR extensions that provide access to .NET-based encryption functionality. Encryption in SQL Server 2008 Encryption demands have increased over the past few years. For instance, there has been a demand for the ability to store encryption keys “off-the-box,” physically separate from the database and the data it contains. Also there is a recognized requirement for legacy databases and applications to take advantage of encryption without changing the existing code base. To address these needs SQL Server 2008 adds the following features to its encryption arsenal: Transparent Data Encryption (TDE): Allows you to encrypt an entire database, including log files and the tempdb database, in such a way that it is transparent to client applications. Extensible Key Management (EKM): Allows you to store and manage your encryption keys on an external device known as a hardware security module (HSM). Cryptographic random number generation functionality. Additional cryptography-related catalog views and dynamic management views. SQL language extensions to support the new encryption functionality. The encryption book covers all the tools in its various chapter in one simple story. If you are interested how encryption evolved and reached to the stage where it is today, this book is must for everyone. You can read my earlier review of the book over here. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Encryption, SQL Server Encryption, SQLPASS

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  • Can't connect to certain HTTPS sites

    - by mind.blank
    I've just moved to a new apartment and with internet connection via a router and I'm finding that I can't connect to quite a few sites that use SSL. For example trying to connect to PayPal: curl -v https://paypal.com * About to connect() to paypal.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 66.211.169.3... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 * Closing connection #0 curl: (35) Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 curl -v -ssl https://paypal.com gives the same output. For some sites it works: curl -v https://www.google.com * About to connect() to www.google.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 74.125.235.112... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: C=US; ST=California; L=Mountain View; O=Google Inc; CN=www.google.com * start date: 2011-10-26 00:00:00 GMT * expire date: 2013-09-30 23:59:59 GMT * common name: www.google.com (matched) * issuer: C=ZA; O=Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd.; CN=Thawte SGC CA * SSL certificate verify ok. > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3 > Host: www.google.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 302 Found < Location: https://www.google.co.jp/ . . . I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, with Windows 7 installed as well. These sites work on Windows :( Not sure if this information helps but I ran ifconfig and got the following: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1c:c1:de:bc:e2:4f inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:686b:8d18:81b3:8dd1/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:87075 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:54522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:78167937 (78.1 MB) TX bytes:10016891 (10.0 MB) Interrupt:46 Base address:0x4000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ac:81:12:0d:93:80 inet6 addr: fe80::ae81:12ff:fe0d:9380/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:498 TX packets:0 errors:26 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:17 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) TX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:180.57.228.200 P-t-P:118.23.8.175 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:39631 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22391 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43462054 (43.4 MB) TX bytes:2834628 (2.8 MB)

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  • WIF-less claim extraction from ACS: JWT

    - by Elton Stoneman
    ACS support for JWT still shows as "beta", but it meets the spec and it works nicely, so it's becoming the preferred option as SWT is losing favour. (Note that currently ACS doesn’t support JWT encryption, if you want encrypted tokens you need to go SAML). In my last post I covered pulling claims from an ACS token without WIF, using the SWT format. The JWT format is a little more complex, but you can still inspect claims just with string manipulation. The incoming token from ACS is still presented in the BinarySecurityToken element of the XML payload, with a TokenType of urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt: <t:RequestSecurityTokenResponse xmlns:t="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/trust">   <t:Lifetime>     <wsu:Created xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd">2012-08-31T07:39:55.337Z</wsu:Created>     <wsu:Expires xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd">2012-08-31T09:19:55.337Z</wsu:Expires>   </t:Lifetime>   <wsp:AppliesTo xmlns:wsp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/policy">     <EndpointReference xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">       <Address>http://localhost/x.y.z</Address>     </EndpointReference>   </wsp:AppliesTo>   <t:RequestedSecurityToken>     <wsse:BinarySecurityToken wsu:Id="_1eeb5cf4-b40b-40f2-89e0-a3343f6bd985-6A15D1EED0CDB0D8FA48C7D566232154" ValueType="urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt" EncodingType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary" xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd">[ base64string ] </wsse:BinarySecurityToken>   </t:RequestedSecurityToken>   <t:TokenType>urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt</t:TokenType>   <t:RequestType>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/trust/Issue</t:RequestType>   <t:KeyType>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/NoProofKey</t:KeyType> </t:RequestSecurityTokenResponse> The token as a whole needs to be base-64 decoded. The decoded value contains a header, payload and signature, dot-separated; the parts are also base-64, but they need to be decoded using a no-padding algorithm (implementation and more details in this MSDN article on validating an Exchange 2013 identity token). The values are then in JSON; the header contains the token type and the hashing algorithm: "{"typ":"JWT","alg":"HS256"}" The payload contains the same data as in the SWT, but JSON rather than querystring format: {"aud":"http://localhost/x.y.z" "iss":"https://adfstest-bhw.accesscontrol.windows.net/" "nbf":1346398795 "exp":1346404795 "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationinstant":"2012-08-31T07:39:53.652Z" "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/authenticationmethod":"http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/authenticationmethod/windows" "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsaccountname":"xyz" "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress":"[email protected]" "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/upn":"[email protected]" "identityprovider":"http://fs.svc.x.y.z.com/adfs/services/trust"} The signature is in the third part of the token. Unlike SWT which is fixed to HMAC-SHA-256, JWT can support other protocols (the one in use is specified as the "alg" value in the header). How to: Validate an Exchange 2013 identity token contains an implementation of a JWT parser and validator; apart from the custom base-64 decoding part, it’s very similar to SWT extraction. I've wrapped the basic SWT and JWT in a ClaimInspector.aspx page on gitHub here: SWT and JWT claim inspector. You can drop it into any ASP.Net site and set the URL to be your redirect page in ACS. Swap ACS to issue SWT or JWT, and using the same page you can inspect the claims that come out.

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  • Blind As a Bat in Multi-Monitor Hell &ndash; Free Program Inside!

    - by ToStringTheory
    If you know me personally, then you probably know that I am going blind thanks to a rare genetic eye disease.  My eye disease has already been a huge detriment to my eyesight.  One of the big things to suffer is my ability to see small things moving fast right in front of me.  On a multi-monitor setup, this makes finding the cursor absolute hell. The Problem I’ll keep this short, as I’ve basically already told you what the problem is.  On my three monitor development computer, I am constantly losing the mouse during the day.  I had used the Microsoft accessibility mousefinder (press CTRL, and it pings around the mouse).  The problem with this is, there is only an effect around 50-100 PX around the mouse, and it is a very light gray, almost unnoticeable.. For someone like me, if I am not looking at the monitor when I click the CTRL button, I have to click it multiple times and dart my eyes back and forth in a futile attempt to catch a glimpse of the action…  I had tried other cursor finders, but none I liked… The Solution So what’s a guy to do when he doesn’t like his options?  MAKE A NEW OPTION…  What else should we as developers do, am I right?  So, I went ahead and made a mousefinder of my own, with 6 separate settings to change the effect.  I am releasing it here for anyone else that may also have problems finding their mouse at times. Some of its features include: Multiple options to change to achieve the exact effect you want. If your mouse moves while it is honing in, it will hone in on its current position. Many times, I would press the button and move my mouse at the same time, and many times, the mouse happened to be at a screen edge, so I would miss it. This program will restart its animation on a new screen if the mouse changes its screen while playing. Tested on Windows 7 x64 Stylish color changing from green to red. Deployed as a ClickOnce, so easy to remove if you don't like it. Press Right CTRL to trigger effect Application lives in notification area so that you can easily reach configuration or close it. To get it to run on startup, copy its application shortcut from its startmenu directory to the “Startup” folder in your startmenu. Conclusion I understand if you don’t download this…  You don’t know me and I don’t know you.  I can only say that I have honestly NOT added any virus’ or malware to the package. Yeah, I know it’s weird Download: ‘ToString(theory) Mousefinder.zip’ CRC32: EEBCE300 MD5: 0394DA581BE6F3371B5BA11A8B24BC91 SHA-1: 2080C4930A2E7D98B81787BB5E19BB24E118991C Finally, if you do use this application - please leave a comment, or email me and tell me what you think of it. Encounter a bug or hashes no longer match? I want to know that too! <warning type=”BadPun”>Now, stop messing around and start mousing around!</warning>

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  • perl Client-SSL-Warning: Peer certificate not verified

    - by Jeremey
    I am having trouble with a perl screenscraper to an HTTPS site. In debugging, I ran the following: print $res->headers_as_string; and in the output, I have the following line: Client-SSL-Warning: Peer certificate not verified Is there a way I can auto-accept this certificate, or is that not the problem? #!/usr/bin/perl use LWP::UserAgent; use Crypt::SSLeay::CTX; use Crypt::SSLeay::Conn; use Crypt::SSLeay::X509; use LWP::Simple qw(get); my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new; my $req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => 'https://vzw-cat.sun4.lightsurf.net/vzwcampaignadmin/'); my $res = $ua->request($req); print $res->headers_as_string; output: Cache-Control: no-cache Connection: close Date: Tue, 01 Jun 2010 19:28:08 GMT Pragma: No-cache Server: Apache Content-Type: text/html Expires: Wed, 31 Dec 1969 16:00:00 PST Client-Date: Tue, 01 Jun 2010 19:28:09 GMT Client-Peer: 64.152.68.114:443 Client-Response-Num: 1 Client-SSL-Cert-Issuer: /O=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign International Server CA - Class 3/OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref. LIABILITY LTD.(c)97 VeriSign Client-SSL-Cert-Subject: /C=US/ST=Massachusetts/L=Boston/O=verizon wireless/OU=TERMS OF USE AT WWW.VERISIGN.COM/RPA (C)00/CN=PSMSADMIN.VZW.COM Client-SSL-Cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Client-SSL-Warning: Peer certificate not verified Client-Transfer-Encoding: chunked Link: <css/vtext_style.css>; rel="stylesheet"; type="text/css" Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=DE6C99EA2F3DD1D4DF31456B94F16C90.vz3; Path=/vzwcampaignadmin; Secure Title: Verizon Wireless - Campaign Administrator

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  • Installing applications OTA

    - by Ed Marty
    I have a system set up to download jad files on users' Blackberries, but it only works intermittently, and seemingly randomly. If the user clicks on the link within their BlackBerry browser, 95% of the time on the first try an error message will pop up saying there was an HTTP 500 error (which our server never returns). Viewing the details of this message within the blackberry browser, it says nothing but java.lang.nullpointerexception which, again, could not have come from our server (running apache/php). However, if the user clicks on the link a few more times, or navigates away and goes back to that page, it suddenly works. No change on the server, it just shows the application install screen. Unfortunately, this doesn't always work; sometimes the error 500 just keeps showing up. The link is rather long (containing an sha hash as a token as part of the URL), but I would think that a long URL would either always be broken or always work, not work intermittently. The link uses a php script to download the jad and cod files. Linking to the files directly rather than using the script seems to work more often (I haven't determined if that also ever has an error 500 or not), but I can't find any issues with the headers. The content type is set correctly and, like I said, if the headers were an issue, I'd think it would either always work or always break. Any clues?

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  • Can per-user randomized salts be replaced with iterative hashing?

    - by Chas Emerick
    In the process of building what I'd like to hope is a properly-architected authentication mechanism, I've come across a lot of materials that specify that: user passwords must be salted the salt used should be sufficiently random and generated per-user ...therefore, the salt must be stored with the user record in order to support verification of the user password I wholeheartedly agree with the first and second points, but it seems like there's an easy workaround for the latter. Instead of doing the equivalent of (pseudocode here): salt = random(); hashedPassword = hash(salt . password); storeUserRecord(username, hashedPassword, salt); Why not use the hash of the username as the salt? This yields a domain of salts that is well-distributed, (roughly) random, and each individual salt is as complex as your salt function provides for. Even better, you don't have to store the salt in the database -- just regenerate it at authentication-time. More pseudocode: salt = hash(username); hashedPassword = hash(salt . password); storeUserRecord(username, hashedPassword); (Of course, hash in the examples above should be something reasonable, like SHA-512, or some other strong hash.) This seems reasonable to me given what (little) I know of crypto, but the fact that it's a simplification over widely-recommended practice makes me wonder whether there's some obvious reason I've gone astray that I'm not aware of.

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  • Does Github.com have to create a merge commit when you merge from a fork ?

    - by Nishant
    I cloned the master and started doing he my work . Due to permissions I push the branch to my fork . I then sent a pull request to my master and someone with permission does the merge . I notice that Github.com creates a merge commit snapshot which to me looks like just a diff of the entire changes which is actually not necessary but helpful in the sense I can just look at merge commit to see the entire diff . I can see the same sha has as my own branch - hence it looks like the merge is an extra commit which probably aint nexeccary since its a fast forward ? master - a myfork(computer) - a->b->c myfork(github) - a->b->c Pull request myfork - master (which it says I can automatically merge) shows the entire diff and then when I merge it , it shows up as master - a->b->c-d . The d is a merge commit which I think it not really required because it is a fast forward ? Can someone explain why does this happen ? I think this is the same scenario if I rebase master if master had gone ahead , but that has not happened . Master is still at when I merge .

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  • How to change a Linux user password from python

    - by Vaulor
    I'm having problems with changing a Linux user's password from python. I've tried so many things, but I couldn't manage to solve the issue, here is the sample of things I've already tried: sudo_password is the password for sudo, sudo_command is the command I want the system to run, user is get from a List and is the user who I want to change the password for, and newpass is the pass I want to assign to 'user' user = list.get(ANCHOR) sudo_command = 'passwd' f = open("passwordusu.tmp", "w") f.write("%s\n%s" % (newpass, newpass)) f.close() A=os.system('echo -e %s|sudo -S %s < %s %s' % (sudo_password, sudo_command,'passwordusu.tmp', user)) print A windowpass.destroy() 'A' is the return value for the execution of os.system, in this case 256. I tried also A=os.system('echo %s|sudo -S %s < %s %s' % (sudo_password, sudo_command,'passwordusu.tmp', user)) but it returns the same error code. I tried several other ways with 'passwd' command, but whithout succes. With 'chpasswd' command I 've tried this: user = list.get(ANCHOR) sudo_command = 'chpasswd' f = open("passwordusu.tmp", "w") f.write("%s:%s" % (user, newpass)) f.close() A=os.system('echo %s|sudo -S %s < %s %s' % (sudo_password, sudo_command,'passwordusu.tmp', user)) print A windowpass.destroy() also with: A=os.system('echo %s|sudo -S %s:%s|%s' % (sudo_password, user, newpass, sudo_command)) @;which returns 32512 A=os.system("echo %s | sudo -S %s < \"%s\"" % (sudo_password, sudo_command, "passwordusu.tmp")) @;which returns 256 I tried 'mkpasswd' and 'usermod' too like this: user = list.get(ANCHOR) sudo_command = 'mkpasswd -m sha-512' os.system("echo %s | sudo -S %s %s > passwd.tmp" % (sudo_password,sudo_command, newpass)) sudo_command="usermod -p" f = open('passwd.tmp', 'r') for line in f.readlines(): newpassencryp=line f.close() A=os.system("echo %s | sudo -S %s %s %s" % (sudo_password, sudo_command, newpassencryp, user)) @;which returns 32512 but, if you go to https://www.mkpasswd.net , hash the 'newpass' and substitute for 'newpassencryp', it returns 0 which theoretically means it has gone right, but so far it doesn't changes the password. I've searched on internet and stackoverflow for this issue or similar and tried what solutions exposed, but again,without success. I would really apreciate any help, and of course, if you need more info i'll be glad to supply it! Thanks in advance.

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  • How can I unit test a PHP class method that executes a command-line program?

    - by acoulton
    For a PHP application I'm developing, I need to read the current git revision SHA which of course I can get easily by using shell_exec or backticks to execute the git command line client. I have obviously put this call into a method of its very own, so that I can easily isolate and mock this for the rest of my unit tests. So my class looks a bit like this: class Task_Bundle { public function execute() { // Do things $revision = $this->git_sha(); // Do more things } protected function git_sha() { return `git rev-parse --short HEAD`; } } Of course, although I can test most of the class by mocking git_sha, I'm struggling to see how to test the actual git_sha() method because I don't see a way to create a known state for it. I don't think there's any real value in a unit test that also calls git rev-parse to compare the results? I was wondering about at least asserting that the command had been run, but I can't see any way to get a history of shell commands executed by PHP - even if I specify that PHP should use BASH rather than SH the history list comes up empty, I presume because the separate backticks executions are separate terminal sessions. I'd love to hear any suggestions for how I might test this, or is it OK to just leave that method untested and be careful with it when the app is being maintained in future?

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  • slowAES encryption and java descryption

    - by amnon
    Hi , I've tried to implement the same steps as discussed in AES .NET but with no success , i can't seem to get java and slowAes to play toghter ... attached is my code i'm sorry i can't add more this is my first time trying to deal with encryption would appreciate any help private static final String ALGORITHM = "AES"; private static final byte[] keyValue = getKeyBytes("12345678901234567890123456789012"); private static final byte[] INIT_VECTOR = new byte[16]; private static IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(INIT_VECTOR); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String encoded = encrypt("watson?"); System.out.println(encoded); } private static Key generateKey() throws Exception { Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, ALGORITHM); // SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // key = keyFactory.generateSecret(new DESKeySpec(keyValue)); return key; } private static byte[] getKeyBytes(String key) { byte[] hash = DigestUtils.sha(key); byte[] saltedHash = new byte[16]; System.arraycopy(hash, 0, saltedHash, 0, 16); return saltedHash; } public static String encrypt(String valueToEnc) throws Exception { Key key = generateKey(); Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); c.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key,ivSpec); byte[] encValue = c.doFinal(valueToEnc.getBytes()); String encryptedValue = new BASE64Encoder().encode(encValue); return encryptedValue; } public static String decrypt(String encryptedValue) throws Exception { Key key = generateKey(); Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); byte[] decordedValue = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(encryptedValue); byte[] decValue = c.doFinal(decordedValue); String decryptedValue = new String(decValue); return decryptedValue; } the bytes returned are different thanks in advance .

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  • Spring security or BCrypt algorithm which one is good for accounts like project?

    - by Ranjith Kumar Nethaji
    I am using spring security for hashing my password.And is it safe ,because am using spring security for first time. my code here <security:http auto-config="true"> <security:intercept-url pattern="/welcome*" access="ROLE_USER" /> <security:form-login login-page="/login" default-target-url="/welcome" authentication-failure-url="/loginfailed" /> <security:logout logout-success-url="/logout" /> </security:http> authentication-failure-url="/loginfailed" /> <security:logout logout-success-url="/logout" /> </security:http> <authentication-manager> <authentication-provider> <password-encoder hash="sha" /> <user-service> <user name="k" password="7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b" authorities="ROLE_USER" /> </user-service> </authentication-provider> </authentication-manager> .And I havnt used bcrypt algorithm.what is your feedback for both?any recommendation?

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  • Security benefits from a second opinion, are there flaws in my plan to hash & salt user passwords vi

    - by Tchalvak
    Here is my plan, and goals: Overall Goals: Security with a certain amount of simplicity & database-to-database transferrability, 'cause I'm no expert and could mess it up and I don't want to have to ask a lot of users to reset their passwords. Easy to wipe the passwords for publishing a "wiped" databased of test data. (e.g. I'd like to be able to use a postgresql statement to simply reset all passwords to something simple so that testers can use that testing data for themselves). Plan: Hashing the passwords Account creation records the original email that an account is created with, forever. A global salt is used, e.g. "90fb16b6901dfceb73781ba4d8585f0503ac9391". An account specific salt, the original email the account was created with, is used, e.g. "[email protected]". The users's password is used, e.g. "password123" (I'll be warning against weak passwords in the signup form) The combination of the global salt, account specific salt, and password is hashed via some hashing method in postgresql (haven't been able to find documentation for hashing functions in postgresql, but being able to use sha-2 or something like that would be nice if I could find it). The hash gets stored in the database. Recovering an account To change their password, they have to go through standard password reset (and that reset email gets sent to the original email as well as the most recent account email that they have set). Flaws? Are there any flaws with this that I need to address? And are there best practices to doing hashing fully within postgresql?

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  • Encouter error "Linux ip -6 addr add failed" while setting up OpenVPN client

    - by Mickel
    I am trying to set up my router to use OpenVPN and have gotten quite far (I think), but something seems to be missing and I am not sure what. Here is my configuration for the client: client dev tun proto udp remote ovpn.azirevpn.net 1194 remote-random resolv-retry infinite auth-user-pass /tmp/password.txt nobind persist-key persist-tun ca /tmp/AzireVPN.ca.crt remote-cert-tls server reneg-sec 0 verb 3 OpenVPN client log: Nov 8 15:45:13 rc_service: httpd 15776:notify_rc start_vpnclient1 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: OpenVPN 2.3.2 arm-unknown-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [MH] [IPv6] built on Nov 1 2013 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: Socket Buffers: R=[116736->131072] S=[116736->131072] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link local: [undef] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194, sid=44d80db5 8b36adf9 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=Azire Networks, OU=VPN, CN=Azire Networks, name=Azire Networks, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has key usage 00a0, expects 00a0 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY KU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate extended key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY EKU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=AzireVPN, OU=VPN, CN=ovpn, name=ovpn, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: [ovpn] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: SENT CONTROL [ovpn]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,ifconfig-ipv6 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 2a03:8600:1001:4010::1,route-ipv6 2000::/3 2A03:8600:1001:4010::1,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 194.1.247.30,tun-ipv6,route-gateway 178.132.77.1,topology subnet,ping 3,ping-restart 15,ifconfig 178.132.77.33 255.255.255.192' Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=1, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=1 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 178.132.77.33/26 broadcast 178.132.77.63 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip -6 addr add 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 dev tun0 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Linux ip -6 addr add failed: external program exited with error status: 254 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Exiting due to fatal error Any ideas are most welcome!

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  • Postfix SMTP auth not working with virtual mailboxes + SASL + Courier userdb

    - by Greg K
    So I've read a variety of tutorials and how-to's and I'm struggling to make sense of how to get SMTP auth working with virtual mailboxes in Postfix. I used this Ubuntu tutorial to get set up. I'm using Courier-IMAP and POP3 for reading mail which seems to be working without issue. However, the credentials used to read a mailbox are not working for SMTP. I can see from /var/log/auth.log that PAM is being used, does this require a UNIX user account to work? As I'm using virtual mailboxes to avoid creating user accounts. li305-246 saslauthd[22856]: DEBUG: auth_pam: pam_authenticate failed: Authentication failure li305-246 saslauthd[22856]: do_auth : auth failure: [user=fred] [service=smtp] [realm=] [mech=pam] [reason=PAM auth error] /var/log/mail.log li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: setting up TLS connection from mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43] li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43]: TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits) li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed li305-246 postfix/smtpd[27091]: warning: mail-pb0-f43.google.com[209.85.160.43]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I've created accounts in userdb as per this tutorial. Does Postfix also use authuserdb? What debug information is needed to help diagnose my issue? main.cf: # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # SMTP parameters smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination smtp_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes PWDIR="/var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" PARAMS="-m ${PWDIR}" PIDFILE="${PWDIR}/saslauthd.pid" DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" /etc/courier/authdaemonrc authmodulelist="authuserdb" I've only modified one line in authdaemonrc and restarted the service as per this tutorial. I've added accounts to /etc/courier/userdb via userdb and userdbpw and run makeuserdb as per the tutorial. SOLVED Thanks to Jenny D for suggesting use of rimap to auth against localhost IMAP server (which reads userdb credentials). I updated /etc/default/saslauthd to start saslauthd correctly (this page was useful) MECHANISMS="rimap" MECH_OPTIONS="localhost" THREADS=0 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" After doing this I got the following error in /var/log/auth.log: li305-246 saslauthd[28093]: auth_rimap: unexpected response to auth request: * BYE [ALERT] Fatal error: Account's mailbox directory is not owned by the correct uid or gid: li305-246 saslauthd[28093]: do_auth : auth failure: [user=fred] [service=smtp] [realm=] [mech=rimap] [reason=[ALERT] Unexpected response from remote authentication server] This blog post detailed a solution by setting IMAP_MAILBOX_SANITY_CHECK=0 in /etc/courier/imapd. Then restart your courier and saslauthd daemons for config changes to take effect. sudo /etc/init.d/courier-imap restart sudo /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart sudo /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart Watch /var/log/auth.log while trying to send email. Hopefully you're good!

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  • Using curl -s in *nix command line not working for some reason

    - by JM4
    I am trying to install composer (though to be honest I really have no idea how it fully works and documentation seems to be quite poor) on my MediaTemple DV machine. I am using their [instructions][1] Trying to install globally using: $ curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php My command line (again using putty and logged into my server as root) thinks for a second, then sets up for next prompt. I run a simple ls -l to check for the file it should have downloaded with no luck. Any idea what could be causing the issue? I have tested and do in fact have curl installed. UPDATE 1 Based on the first answer, the verbose response is: > $ curl -vs https://getcomposer.org/installer | php > * About to connect() to getcomposer.org port 443 > * Trying 37.59.4.156... connected > * Connected to getcomposer.org (37.59.4.156) port 443 > * successfully set certificate verify locations: > * CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none > * SSLv2, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key > exchange (12): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): SSLv3, TLS > handshake, Client key exchange (16): SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client > hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSLv3, TLS change > cipher, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSL > connection using DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA > * Server certificate: > * subject: /C=CH/CN=dl.packagist.org/[email protected] > * start date: 2012-07-07 23:25:35 GMT > * expire date: 2013-07-10 02:55:12 GMT > * SSL: certificate subject name 'dl.packagist.org' does not match target host name 'getcomposer.org' > * Closing connection #0 > * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1): > > > [1]: http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md

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  • Email postfix marked as spam by google

    - by Rodrigo Ferrari
    Hello friends, I searched about this question, found some few answers but no idea how to fix, the problem is that I realy dumb with all this! I configured the postfix and done everything how the install how to told. It send the email, but get marked as spam! The header is this one: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.223.86.203 with SMTP id t11cs837410fal; Wed, 12 Jan 2011 04:02:21 -0800 (PST) X-pstn-nxpr: disp=neutral, [email protected] X-pstn-nxp: bodyHash=9c6d0c64fa3a4d663c9968e9545c47d77ae0242e, headerHash=1ab8726bd17a23218309165bd20fe6e0911627cd, keyName=4, rcptHash=178929be6ed8451d98a4df01a463784e6c59b3b4, sourceip=174.121.4.154, version=1 Received: by 10.100.190.13 with SMTP id n13mr537609anf.76.1294833740396; Wed, 12 Jan 2011 04:02:20 -0800 (PST) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from psmtp.com ([74.125.245.168]) by mx.google.com with SMTP id w2si1297960anw.132.2011.01.12.04.02.19; Wed, 12 Jan 2011 04:02:20 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.121.4.154 as permitted sender) client-ip=174.121.4.154; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.121.4.154 as permitted sender) [email protected] Received: from source ([174.121.4.154]) by na3sys010amx168.postini.com ([74.125.244.10]) with SMTP; Wed, 12 Jan 2011 12:02:19 GMT Received: from localhost (server [127.0.0.1]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by brasilyacht.com.br (Postfix) with ESMTP id 87C121290142; Wed, 12 Jan 2011 09:50:29 -0200 (BRST) From: YachtBrasil <[email protected]> Reply-To: Vendas <[email protected]> Cc: YachtBrasil <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Subject: teste Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2011 09:50:29 -0200 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Disposition: inline MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-Id: <[email protected]> X-pstn-2strike: clear X-pstn-neptune: 0/0/0.00/0 X-pstn-levels: (S: 1.96218/99.81787 CV:99.9000 FC:95.5390 LC:95.5390 R:95.9108 P:95.9108 M:97.0282 C:98.6951 ) X-pstn-settings: 3 (1.0000:1.0000) s cv gt3 gt2 gt1 r p m c X-pstn-addresses: from <[email protected]> [db-null] I'm out of ideas on how to fix this, I think it's dns issue, but I have marked the spf inside my tinydns =( Is there anything I can check to know why this email is marked as spam? Any help will be appreciated! Thanks and sorry for my bad english.

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  • how does openvpn decide which interface to get IP addrs from

    - by bkrupa
    Using ubuntu 10.04 on both ends. We have a client and server machine on the SAME network attempting to make a vpn connection. We use the config files from here and made minimal changes. The server and client start and seem to connect without any trouble. The server looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Re-using SSL/TLS context Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 LZO compression initialized Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'f7df56b8' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'd79ca330' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 TLS: Initial packet from 192.168.1.55:47166, sid=69112e42 5458135b *...* Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 192.168.1.55:47166 On the client side the connection looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:20:07 2011 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.1.41:1194 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route-gateway 10.8.0.4,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.50 255.255.255.0' ... Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 /sbin/ifconfig tap0 10.8.0.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 10.8.0.255 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed The openvpn server has been configured to assign ip addresses in the range 10.8.0.* and the client has been given 10.8.0.50. When I run the following nmap from the client: Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-23 22:04 EST Host 10.8.0.50 is up (0.00047s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 30.34 seconds Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.0025s latency). Host 192.168.1.18 is up (0.074s latency). Host 192.168.1.41 is up (0.0024s latency). Host 192.168.1.55 is up (0.00018s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 6.33 seconds If I run an nmap from the server on 10.8.0.* I get nothing. If the client has two interfaces (wireless and tap device) when you look for a certain ip address, how does it decide which interface to connect on?

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  • Postfix / Dovecot and Email Retrieval

    - by Eric J.
    I have setup Postfix and Dovecot on an Ubuntu box following the instructions http://www.exratione.com/2012/05/a-mailserver-on-ubuntu-1204-postfix-dovecot-mysql/ I can see that email is being delivered to and accepted by the server, but the email is not available for retrieval via POP3. What could be missing in my configuraton? It seems that email is not being properly handed off to Dovecot. Here are what I believe are the relevant /var/log/mail.log entries for an attempt to send email from another domain (hosted by Gmail) to the domain I have setup: Logged during SMTP connection postfix/smtpd[14689]: connect from mail-vb0-f50.google.com[209.85.212.50] postfix/smtpd[14689]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-vb0-f50.google.com[209.85.212.50]: TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits) postfix/smtpd[14689]: 5782740ACF: client=mail-vb0-f50.google.com[209.85.212.50] postfix/cleanup[14696]: 5782740ACF: message-id=<CAEjmKcjHnTY4yk=3QXoNrD76=04g-s9utPguTFB02Fx53GMPmw@mail.gmail.com> postfix/qmgr[14687]: 5782740ACF: from=<[email protected]>, size=1947, nrcpt=1 (queue active) postfix/smtpd[14702]: connect from mail.destinationdomain.com[127.0.0.1] postfix/smtpd[14702]: 2940A41AA9: client=mail.destinationdomain.com[127.0.0.1] postfix/cleanup[14696]: 2940A41AA9: message-id=<CAEjmKcjHnTY4yk=3QXoNrD76=04g-s9utPguTFB02Fx53GMPmw@mail.gmail.com> postfix/qmgr[14687]: 2940A41AA9: from=<[email protected]>, size=2450, nrcpt=1 (queue active) amavis[21309]: (21309-02) Passed CLEAN, [209.85.212.50] <[email protected]> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <CAEjmKcjHnTY4yk=3QXoNrD76=04g-s9utPguTFB02Fx53GMPmw@mail.gmail.com>, mail_id: W52ZB8FAAA+8, Hits: -0.101, size: 1946, queued_as: 2940A41AA9, [email protected], 784 ms postfix/smtpd[14702]: disconnect from mail.destinationdomain.com[127.0.0.1] postfix/smtp[14698]: 5782740ACF: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=1.1, delays=0.29/0.01/0/0.79, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2940A41AA9) postfix/qmgr[14687]: 5782740ACF: removed dovecot: lda([email protected]): msgid=<CAEjmKcjHnTY4yk=3QXoNrD76=04g-s9utPguTFB02Fx53GMPmw@mail.gmail.com>: saved mail to INBOX postfix/pipe[14703]: 2940A41AA9: to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.08, delays=0.02/0.02/0/0.04, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service) postfix/qmgr[14687]: 2940A41AA9: removed Logged during POP3 retrieval attempts dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=209.85.220.135, lip=10.195.83.10, mpid=14706 dovecot: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=1/2557, del=1/1, size=2540 postfix/smtpd[14689]: disconnect from mail-vb0-f50.google.com[209.85.212.50] dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=209.85.212.31, lip=10.195.83.10, mpid=14708 dovecot: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0

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  • Some emails are being delivered, some returned

    - by Tom Broucke
    I have my own VPS where a site is running (control panel: directadmin). When I send mails, some are being delivered (hotmail, gmail, [email protected] ,...), others are not ([email protected]), others are delivered after being greylisted ([email protected]). /var/log/exim/mainlog What could be the cause of this? Is the problem Sender-Side or Receiver-Side? case 1: [email protected] (delivered) 2012-06-20 15:02:03 1ShKXr-0005Sc-7g <= [email protected] U=apache P=local S=1319 T="Password reset" from <[email protected]> for [email protected] 2012-06-20 15:02:03 1ShKXr-0005Sc-7g gmail-smtp-in-v4v6.l.google.com [2a00:1450:8005::1b] Network is unreachable 2012-06-20 15:02:03 1ShKXr-0005Sc-7g => [email protected] F=<[email protected]> R=lookuphost T=remote_smtp S=1355 H=gmail-smtp-in-v4v6.l.google.com [173.194.67.27] X=TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128 C="250 2.0.0 OK 1340196103 cp4si34336466wib.14" 2012-06-20 15:02:03 1ShKXr-0005Sc-7g Completed case 2: [email protected] (not being delivered) 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007No-5H <= [email protected] H=localhost ([91.230.245.141]) [127.0.0.1] P=esmtpa A=login:[email protected] S=740 [email protected] T="hey" from <[email protected]> for [email protected] 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007No-5H ** [email protected] F=<[email protected]> R=virtual_aliases: 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007Nt-7Z <= <> R=1ShcGQ-0007No-5H U=mail P=local S=1546 T="Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender" from <> for [email protected] 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007No-5H Completed 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007Nt-7Z => info <[email protected]> F=<> R=virtual_user T=virtual_localdelivery S=1643 2012-06-21 09:57:14 1ShcGQ-0007Nt-7Z Completed case 3: [email protected] (greylisted) 2012-06-21 15:29:02 1ShhRW-000862-BV <= [email protected] H=localhost ([91.230.245.141]) [127.0.0.1] P=esmtpa A=login:[email protected] S=782 [email protected] T="testmail squirrel" from <[email protected]> for [email protected] 2012-06-21 15:29:02 1ShhRW-000862-BV SMTP error from remote mail server after RCPT TO:<[email protected]>: host mx-cluster-b1.one.com [195.47.247.194]: 450 4.7.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Greylisted for 5 minutes 2012-06-21 15:29:02 1ShhRW-000862-BV == [email protected] R=lookuphost T=remote_smtp defer (-44): SMTP error from remote mail server after RCPT TO:<[email protected]>: host mx-cluster-b2.one.com [195.47.247.195]: 450 4.7.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Greylisted for 5 minutes Notice that the "from" in case1 differs in case2: [email protected] or [email protected]. Thanks for your time!

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  • GMail detecting mail as spam

    - by Petru Toader
    I've been trying for a long time to get our company's mail server send mail that will get accepted by the GMail spam filter. I have managed making it work for Yahoo Mail and Hotmail, sadly GMail is still marking our mails as spam. I have configured DKIM, SPF, DMARC and verified our mail server IP address against blacklists. I also have pasted here the headers GMail gets when we send a mail. Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.42.215.6 with SMTP id hc6csp107427icb; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:26 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.194.100.34 with SMTP id ev2mr59101019wjb.76.1408545265402; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.phyramid.com (mail.phyramid.com. [178.157.82.23]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id dj10si4827754wib.79.2014.08.20.07.34.24 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.1 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA bits=128/128); Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) client-ip=178.157.82.23; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED2BB2017AC for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:23 +0300 (EEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=phyramid.com; h= content-type:content-type:mime-version:x-mailer:subject:subject :message-id:to:from:from:date:date; s=dkim; t=1408545197; x= 1409409197; bh=e04RtoyF7G39lfCvA9LLhTz4nF64siZtN5IYmC18Xsc=; b=o +6mO8Uz4Uf1G4U2q6tKUiEy2N2n/5R2VtPPwIvBE5xzK/hEd2sDGMxVzQVgIDCsK Q0Xh+auPaQpxldQ+AEcL2XSZMrk/g0mJONjkpI19I5AwGIJCR1SVvxdecohTn9iR bCHzrGi2wAicfDBzOH6lUBNfh2thri79aubdCYc97U= X-Amavis-Modified: Mail body modified (using disclaimer) - mail.phyramid.com X-Virus-Scanned: Debian amavisd-new at mail.phyramid.com Received: from mail.phyramid.com ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (mail.phyramid.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 3JcgXZAXeFtX for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:17 +0300 (EEST) Received: from whiterock.local (unknown [109.98.21.30]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 05CAE200280 for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:15 +0300 (EEST) Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:34:15 +0300 From: Company Mail <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: hey there! X-Mailer: Airmail (247) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline How was your summer? ---- Thanks a lot!

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