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  • Which programming languages aren't considered high-level?

    - by hilo
    In informatics theory I hear and read about high-level and low-level languages all time. Yet I don't understand why this is still relevant as there aren't any (relevant) low-level languages except assembler in use today. So you get: Low-level Assembler Definitely not low-level C BASIC FORTRAN COBOL ... High-level C++ Ruby Python PHP ... And if assembler is low-level, how could you put for example C into the same list. I mean: C is extremely high-level compared to assembler. Same even for COBOL, Fortran, etc. So why does everybody keep mentioning high and low-level languages if assembler is really the only low-level language.

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  • "Permission denied to access property 'href' from a non-chrome context" in JavaScript and OpenLayers

    - by Mark Iliffe
    This is really two questions one leading into the other. Firstly what does 'Permission denied to access property 'href' from a non-chrome context' actually mean? Secondly I am using overlays in OpenLayers and wish to change the opacity of said layers, this is where this error is being thrown the code of which is here... <input id='opacity' value="1.0" onChange="changeOpacity()"> Of which changeOpacity() is the following function... function changeOpacity() { var newOpacity = parseFloat(OpenLayers.Util.getElement('opacity').value); newOpacity = Math.min(1.0, Math.max(0.1, newOpacity)); OpenLayers.Util.getElement('opacity').value = newOpacity; for (var i=0; i<images.length; i++) { layers[images[i]].setOpacity(newOpacity); } } which throws the error at "var href = originalElement.href;" here... function mD(e) { //what is originalElement/srcElement/originalTarget? var originalElement = e.srcElement || e.originalTarget; var href = originalElement.href; if (originalElement.nodeName == "A" && href.match("http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/")) { href = href.replace('http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/','http://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/'); if (gml) { map.removeLayer(gml); } //$("status").innerHTML = 'loading'; } gml = new OpenLayers.Layer.GML("OSM", href, {format: OpenLayers.Format.OSM}); map.addLayer(gml); gml.preFeatureInsert = style_osm_feature; var sf = new OpenLayers.Control.SelectFeature(gml, {'onSelect': on_feature_hover}); map.addControl(sf); sf.activate(); return false; } } Any help/ideas is great appreciated! I am using firefox 3.5.9 and firebug 1.5.4

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  • Read a variable in bash with a default value

    - by rmarimon
    I need to read a value from the terminal in a bash script. I would like to be able to provide a default value that the user can change. # Please enter your name: Ricardo^ In this script the prompt is "Please enter your name: " the default value is "Ricardo" and the cursor would be after the default value. Is there a way to do this in a bash script?

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  • Portable shebang line

    - by Mike
    #!/usr/bin/perl This is the shebang line to a lot of scripts I'm writing lately. Hard coding the path of the binary seems like it could create some problems. For instance, if one of my users has Perl installed at /something_else/bin then they'd have to change all the shebangs. I've seen some tools that will automatically replace the shebangs, but I'm wondering if there is something simpler.

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  • Regarding UNIX Shell Script

    - by arav
    When there is no files inside the folder the below script goes inside the for loop. Not sure what i can modify so that it doesn't go inside the for loop. Also when there is no files inside the directory exit status should be success. Wrapper script checks the exit status of the below script FILESRAW ="/exp/test1/folder" . for fspec in "$FILESRAW"/* ; do echo "$fspec" if [[ -f ${fspec} ]] ; then ..... processing logic else ... processing logic fi done

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  • How to design a command line program and keep it open for a future GUI?

    - by systempuntoout
    What are some best practices to keep in mind when developing a script program that could be integrated with a GUI, probably by somebody else, in the future? Example scenario: i develop a fancy python CLI program that scrapes every unicorn images from the web i decide to publish it on github a unicorn fan programmer decide to take the sources and build a GUI on them. he gives up because my code is a mess How do i avoid step 4 and let unicorn fan programmer build his GUI without hassle?

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  • Getting the uptime of a SunOS UNIX box in seconds only

    - by JF
    How do I determine the uptime on a SunOS UNIX box in seconds only? On Linux, I could simply cat /proc/uptime & take the first argument: cat /proc/uptime | awk '{print $1}' I'm trying to do the same on a SunOS UNIX box, but there is no /proc/uptime. There is an uptime command which presents the following output: $ uptime 12:13pm up 227 day(s), 15:14, 1 user, load average: 0.05, 0.05, 0.05 I don't really want to have to write code to convert the date into seconds only & I'm sure someone must have had this requirement before but I have been unable to find anything on the internet. Can anyone tell me how to get the uptime in just seconds? TIA

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  • Bourne Script: Redirect success messages but NOT error messages

    - by sixtyfootersdude
    This command: keytool -import -file "$serverPath/$serverCer" -alias "$clientTrustedCerAlias" -keystore "$clientPath/$clientKeystore" -storepass "$serverPassword" -noprompt Will when it runs successfully outputs: Certificate was added to keystore I tried redirecting the stdard out with: keytool ... > /dev/null But it is still printing. It appears that the message is being output into standard error. Since when I do this it is not displayed: keytool ... > /dev/null 2>&1 However this is not what I am wanting to do. I would like error messages to be output normally but I do not want "success" messages to be output to the command line. Any ideas? Whatever happened to unix convention: "If it works do not output anything".

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  • Which programming languages have helped you to understand programming better?

    - by Xaisoft
    Which programming languages not only make you more proficient in the particular language your are learning, but also have a direct impact on the way you think and understand programming in general; therefore, making you a better programmer in other languages. Basically, which languages have the biggest impact on understanding the how and why of different programming concepts? What about Scheme? I have heard good things about that. I thought about taking the simplest of problems and implementing them in various languages. Has anyone done this?

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  • Decision Tree code golf

    - by Chris Jester-Young
    In Google Code Jam 2009, Round 1B, there is a problem called Decision Tree that lent itself to rather creative solutions. Post your shortest solution; I'll update the Accepted Answer to the current shortest entry on a semi-frequent basis, assuming you didn't just create a new language just to solve this problem. :-P Current rankings: 107 Perl 121 PostScript (binary) 136 Ruby 154 Arc 160 PostScript (ASCII85) 170 PostScript 192 Python 199 Common Lisp 214 LilyPond 222 JavaScript 273 Scheme 280 R 312 Haskell 314 PHP 339 m4 346 C 406 Fortran 462 Java 476 Java (well, kind of) 718 OCaml 759 F# 1741 sed C++ not qualified for now

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  • Method signature Vs function prototype

    - by Maroloccio
    A formal definition of the two? Current Wiki articles denote their different contexts and applications, such as internal type signature "strings" in Java VMs (1) and C/C++ function prototypes informing compilers of upcoming method definitions (2) but... 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_signature 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prototype ... where to look for a definition which clearly and formally distinguished one from the other? There is literature using the words prototype and signature almost interchangeably yet other uses appear strict and consistent, if language-specific. Background: I am writing documentation for a sample compiler written for a University project.

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  • when appending in a file using ms-dos commands how to append immediately after the next word in the

    - by Arunachalam
    when appending in a file using ms-dos commands how to append immediately after the next word in the file ? for example echo here is today's date >c:\arun.txt date /t >> c:\arun.txt here in arun.txt its written has actual output: here is the date of 29-03-2010 but i want the output to be like this: here is the date of 29-03-2010 how to avoid carrage return while appending

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  • how to do this in shell

    - by user150674
    I have a very large file, named 'ColCheckMe', tab-delimited, that you are asked to process. You are told that each line in 'ColCheckMe' has 7 columns, and that the values in the 5th column are integers. Using shell functions indicate how you would verify that these conditions are satisfied in 'ColCheckMe' if In the same file, each value in column 1 is unique. How would I verify that? Also how to write a shell function that counts the number of occurrences of the word “SpecStr” in the file 'ColCheckMe' I tried the first part which checks for the valid number of field and checks the 5th field being integer field. nawk ' NF != 7 { printf("[%d] has invalid [%d] number of fields\n", FNR, NF) } $5 !~ /^[0-9]+$/ { printf("[%d] 5th field is invalid [%s]\n", FNR, $5) }' ColCheckMe now i wanna verify in the same file if the value in column 1 is unique. Also is there a way to write a shell function to count the occurrences of the world "SpecStr" in the file 'ColCheckMe' Thanks a lot

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  • Vim Register Use in Ex Mode

    - by Peck
    Potentially 2 questions in one. I would like to know how to reference a register in Ex mode. For instance, I'm editing a file and I want to save the file with a timestamp (or just datestamp really) appended to it. I know I can set register to the value of a shell commands output using: :let @a = system("date +\"%Y-%m-%d\"") Is there any to dereference this register and insert its value into an Ex command? Something like: :w testfile.<value of "a register> Copying to the system clipboard and pasting would be nice, but doing it in a more generic/programitic way for building on other commands in the future would be nice.

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  • What useful GDB scripts have you used/written?

    - by nik
    People use gdb on and off for debugging, of course there are lots of other debugging tools across the varied OSes, with and without GUI and, maybe other fancy IDE features. I would like to know what useful gdb scripts you have written and liked. While, I do not mean a dump of commands in a something.gdb file that you source to pull out a bunch of data, if that made your day, go ahead and talk about it. Lets think conditional processing, control loops and functions written for more elegant and refined programming to debug and, maybe even for whitebox testing Things get interesting when you start debugging remote systems (say, over a serial/ethernet interface) And, what if the target is a multi-processor (and, multithreaded) system Let me put a simple case as an example... Say, A script that traversed serially over entries to locate a bad entry in a large hash-table that is implemented on an embedded platform. That helped me debug a broken hash-table once.

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  • Get seconds since epoch in any POSIX compliant shell

    - by mattbh
    I'd like to know if there's a way to get the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch in any POSIX compliant shell, without resorting to non-POSIX languages like perl, or using non-POSIX extensions like GNU awk's strftime function. Here are some solutions I've already ruled out... date +%s // Doesn't work on Solaris I've seen some shell scripts suggested before, which parse the output of date then derive seconds from the formatted gregorian calendar date, but they don't seem to take details like leap seconds into account. GNU awk has the strftime function, but this isn't available in standard awk. I could write a small C program which calls the time function, but the binary would be specific to a particular architecture. Is there a cross platform way to do this using only POSIX compliant tools? I'm tempted to give up and accept a dependency on perl, which is at least widely deployed. perl -e 'print time' // Cheating (non-POSIX), but should work on most platforms

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  • Creating a tiled map with blender

    - by JamesB
    I'm looking at creating map tiles based on a 3D model made in blender, The map is 16 x 16 in blender. I've got 4 different zoom levels and each tile is 100 x 100 pixels. The entire map at the most zoomed out level is 4 x 4 tiles constructing an image of 400 x 400. The most zoomed in level is 256 x 256 obviously constructing an image of 25600 x 25600 What I need is a script for blender that can create the tiles from the model. I've never written in python before so I've been trying to adapt a couple of the scripts which are already there. So far I've come up with a script, but it doesn't work very well. I'm having real difficulties getting the tiles to line up seamlessly. I'm not too concerned about changing the height of the camera as I can always create the same zoomed out tiles at 6400 x 6400 images and split the resulting images into the correct tiles. Here is what I've got so far... #!BPY """ Name: 'Export Map Tiles' Blender: '242' Group: 'Export' Tip: 'Export to Map' """ import Blender from Blender import Scene,sys from Blender.Scene import Render def init(): thumbsize = 200 CameraHeight = 4.4 YStart = -8 YMove = 4 XStart = -8 XMove = 4 ZoomLevel = 1 Path = "/Images/Map/" Blender.drawmap = [thumbsize,CameraHeight,YStart,YMove,XStart,XMove,ZoomLevel,Path] def show_prefs(): buttonthumbsize = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[0]); buttonCameraHeight = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[1]) buttonYStart = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[2]) buttonYMove = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[3]) buttonXStart = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[4]) buttonXMove = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[5]) buttonZoomLevel = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[6]) buttonPath = Blender.Draw.Create(Blender.drawmap[7]) block = [] block.append(("Image Size", buttonthumbsize, 0, 500)) block.append(("Camera Height", buttonCameraHeight, -0, 10)) block.append(("Y Start", buttonYStart, -10, 10)) block.append(("Y Move", buttonYMove, 0, 5)) block.append(("X Start", buttonXStart,-10, 10)) block.append(("X Move", buttonXMove, 0, 5)) block.append(("Zoom Level", buttonZoomLevel, 1, 10)) block.append(("Export Path", buttonPath,0,200,"The Path to save the tiles")) retval = Blender.Draw.PupBlock("Draw Map: Preferences" , block) if retval: Blender.drawmap[0] = buttonthumbsize.val Blender.drawmap[1] = buttonCameraHeight.val Blender.drawmap[2] = buttonYStart.val Blender.drawmap[3] = buttonYMove.val Blender.drawmap[4] = buttonXStart.val Blender.drawmap[5] = buttonXMove.val Blender.drawmap[6] = buttonZoomLevel.val Blender.drawmap[7] = buttonPath.val Export() def Export(): scn = Scene.GetCurrent() context = scn.getRenderingContext() def cutStr(str): #cut off path leaving name c = str.find("\\") while c != -1: c = c + 1 str = str[c:] c = str.find("\\") str = str[:-6] return str #variables from gui: thumbsize,CameraHeight,YStart,YMove,XStart,XMove,ZoomLevel,Path = Blender.drawmap XMove = XMove / ZoomLevel YMove = YMove / ZoomLevel Camera = Scene.GetCurrent().getCurrentCamera() Camera.LocZ = CameraHeight / ZoomLevel YStart = YStart + (YMove / 2) XStart = XStart + (XMove / 2) #Point it straight down Camera.RotX = 0 Camera.RotY = 0 Camera.RotZ = 0 TileCount = 4**ZoomLevel #Because the first thing we do is move the camera, start it off the map Camera.LocY = YStart - YMove for i in range(0,TileCount): Camera.LocY = Camera.LocY + YMove Camera.LocX = XStart - XMove for j in range(0,TileCount): Camera.LocX = Camera.LocX + XMove Render.EnableDispWin() context.extensions = True context.renderPath = Path #setting thumbsize context.imageSizeX(thumbsize) context.imageSizeY(thumbsize) #could be put into a gui. context.imageType = Render.PNG context.enableOversampling(0) #render context.render() #save image ZasString = '%s' %(int(ZoomLevel)) XasString = '%s' %(int(j+1)) YasString = '%s' %(int((3-i)+1)) context.saveRenderedImage("Z" + ZasString + "X" + XasString + "Y" + YasString) #close the windows Render.CloseRenderWindow() try: type(Blender.drawmap) except: #print 'initialize extern variables' init() show_prefs()

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  • Unable to set variables in bash script in Mac OSX

    - by cohortq
    Hello! I am attempting to automate moving files from a folder to a new folder automatically every night using a bash script run from applescript on a schedule. I am attempting to write a bash script on Mac OSX, and it keeps failing. In short this is what I have (all my ECHOs are for error checking): !/bin/bash folder = "ABC" useracct = 'test' day = date "+%d" month = date "+%B" year = date "+%Y" folderToBeMoved = "/users/$useracct/Documents/Archive/Primetime.eyetv" newfoldername = "/Volumes/Media/Network/$folder/$month$day$year" ECHO "Network is $network" $network ECHO "day is $day" ECHO "Month is $month" ECHO "YEAR is $year" ECHO "source is $folderToBeMoved" ECHO "dest is $newfoldername" mkdir $newfoldername cp -R $folderToBeMoved $newfoldername if [-f $newfoldername/Primetime.eyetv]; then rm $folderToBeMoved; fi Now my first problem is that I cannot set variables at all. Even literal ones where I just make it equal some literal. All my echos come out blank. I cannot grab the day, month, or year either,it comes out blank as well. I get an error saying that -f is not found. I get an error saying there is an unexpected end of file. I made the file and did a chmod u+x scriptname.sh I'm not sure why nothing is working at all. I am very new to this bash script on OSX, and only have experience with windows vbscript. Any help would be great, thanks!

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  • Batch File input validation - Make sure user entered an integer

    - by B2Ben
    I'm experimenting with a DOS batch file to perform a simple operation which requires the user to enter a non-negative integer. I'm using simple batch-file techniques to get user input: @ECHO OFF SET /P UserInput=Please Enter a Number: The user can enter any text they want here, so I would like to add some routine to make sure what the user entered was a valid number. That is... they entered at least one character, and every character is a number from 0 to 9. I'd like something I can feed the UserInput into. At the end of the routine would be like an if/then that would run different statements based on whether or not it was actually a valid number. I've experimented with loops and substrings and such, but my knowledge and understanding is still slim... so any help would be appreciated. I could build an executable, and I know there are nicer ways to do things than batch files, but at least for this task I'm trying to keep it simple by using a batch file.

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  • Executing commands containing space in bash

    - by Epitaph
    I have a file named cmd that contains a list of unix commands as follows: hostname pwd ls /tmp cat /etc/hostname ls -la ps -ef | grep java cat cmd I have another script that executes the commands in cmd as: IFS=$'\n' clear for cmds in `cat cmd` do if [ $cmds ] ; then $cmds; echo "****************************"; fi done The problem is that commands in cmd without spaces run fine, but those with spaces are not correctly interpreted by the script. Following is the output: patrick-laptop **************************** /home/patrick/bashFiles **************************** ./prog.sh: line 6: ls /tmp: No such file or directory **************************** ./prog.sh: line 6: cat /etc/hostname: No such file or directory **************************** ./prog.sh: line 6: ls -la: command not found **************************** ./prog.sh: line 6: ps -ef | grep java: command not found **************************** ./prog.sh: line 6: cat cmd: command not found **************************** What am I missing here?

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