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  • Efficient Array Storage for Binary Tree

    - by Sundararajan S
    We have to write the nodes of a binary tree to a file. What is the most space efficient way of writing a binary tree . We can store it in array format with parent in position 'i' and its childs in 2i,2i+1. But this will waste lot of space in case of sparse binary trees.

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  • question about qsort in c++

    - by davit-datuashvili
    i have following code in c++ #include <iostream> using namespace std; void qsort5(int a[],int n){ int i; int j; if (n<=1) return; for (i=1;i<n;i++) j=0; if (a[i]<a[0]) swap(++j,i,a); swap(0,j,a); qsort5(a,j); qsort(a+j+1,n-j-1); } int main() { return 0; } void swap(int i,int j,int a[]) { int t=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=t; } i have problem 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(13) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc> &,std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc> &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xstring(2203) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(13) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(std::pair<_Ty1,_Ty2> &,std::pair<_Ty1,_Ty2> &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\utility(76) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(13) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(_Ty &,_Ty &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\utility(16) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(14) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc> &,std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc> &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xstring(2203) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(14) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(std::pair<_Ty1,_Ty2> &,std::pair<_Ty1,_Ty2> &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\utility(76) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(14) : error C2780: 'void std::swap(_Ty &,_Ty &)' : expects 2 arguments - 3 provided 1> c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\utility(16) : see declaration of 'std::swap' 1>c:\users\dato\documents\visual studio 2008\projects\qsort5\qsort5\qsort5.cpp(16) : error C2661: 'qsort' : no overloaded function takes 2 arguments 1>Build log was saved at "file://c:\Users\dato\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\qsort5\qsort5\Debug\BuildLog.htm" please help

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  • K-Means Algorithm and java code

    - by Thandar
    Hi all, I need to calculate for grouping objects according to their size. I got k-means algorithms in java which calculate mostly for classifying according to their two or more features and the results are not satisfy for me.I only want to calculate for grouping objects based on one feature.Pseudocode or code would be helpful, too. Thanks u all for helping.

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  • longest common subsequence

    - by davit-datuashvili
    i have following code public class LCS1 { public static String lcs(String a,String b) { String x; String y; int alen=a.length(); int blen=b.length(); if (alen==0 || blen==0) { return ""; } else if (a.charAt(alen-1)==b.charAt(blen-1)) { return lcs(a.substring(0,alen-1),b.substring(0,blen-1)); } else { x=lcs(a,b.substring(0,blen-1)); y=lcs(a.substring(0,alen-1),b); } return (x.length()>y.length()) ? x : y; } public static void main(String[]args){ String a="computer"; String b="houseboat"; System.out.println(lcs(a,b)); } } it should return "out" but returns nothing what is problem?

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  • How to make disconnected closed curves connected by adding a shortest path using MATLAB?

    - by user198729
    bwlabel can be used to get disconnected objects in an image: [L Ne] = bwlabel(image); I want to make the objects(But my target is only the contours(closed curve) of these objects) connected by adding a shortest path where necessary. How do I approach this? UPDATE Or how to dilate the closed curves so that they get connected? How to calculate the shortest path between two disconnected closed curves?

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  • Interview question: How do I detect a loop in this linked list?

    - by jjujuma
    Say you have a linked list structure in Java. It's made up of Nodes: class Node { Node next; // some user data } and each Node points to the next node, except for the last Node, which has null for next. Say there is a possibility that the list can contain a loop - i.e. the final Node, instead of having a null, has a reference to one of the nodes in the list which came before it. What's the best way of writing boolean hasLoop(Node first) which would return true if the given Node is the first of a list with a loop, and false otherwise? How could you write so that it takes a constant amount of space and a reasonable amount of time? Here's a picture of what a list with a loop looks like: Node->Node->Node->Node->Node->Node--\ \ | ----------------

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  • Whats the best data-structure for storing 2-tuple (a, b) which support adding, deleting tuples and c

    - by bhups
    Hi So here is my problem. I want to store 2-tuple (key, val) and want to perform following operations: - keys are strings and values are Integers - multiple keys can have same value - adding new tuples - updating any key with new value (any new value or updated value is greater than the previous one, like timestamps) - fetching all the keys with values less than or greater than given value - deleting tuples. Hash seems to be the obvious choice for updating the key's value but then lookups via values will be going to take longer (O(n)). The other option is balanced binary search tree with key and value switched. So now lookups via values will be fast (O(lg(n))) but updating a key will take (O(n)). So is there any data-structure which can be used to address these issues? Thanks.

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  • PHP Modify Array

    - by Ozzy
    Hi all, I have the following array: array(a, a, a, b, b, c, c, c, c, d, d); When I loop through it and echo it, the result is: a a a b b c c c c d d How ever I want to echo it in such a way that it displays: a b c d a b c d a c c Here is the array in a grid to better explain what im trying to achieve Current a a a b b c c c c d d What im tryin to do a b c d a b c d a c c How would I do this?

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  • Sort months ( with strings ) algorithm

    - by Oscar Reyes
    I have this months array: ["January", "March", "December" , "October" ] And I want to have it sorted like this: ["January", "March", "October", "December" ] I'm currently thinking in a "if/else" horrible cascade but I wonder if there is some other way to do this. The bad part is that I need to do this only with "string" ( that is, without using Date object or anything like that ) What would be a good approach?

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  • Efficient algorithm to distribute work?

    - by Zwei Steinen
    It's a bit complicated to explain but here we go. We have problems like this (code is pseudo-code, and is only for illustrating the problem. Sorry it's in java. If you don't understand, I'd be glad to explain.). class Problem { final Set<Integer> allSectionIds = { 1,2,4,6,7,8,10 }; final Data data = //Some data } And a subproblem is: class SubProblem { final Set<Integer> targetedSectionIds; final Data data; SubProblem(Set<Integer> targetedSectionsIds, Data data){ this.targetedSectionIds = targetedSectionIds; this.data = data; } } Work will look like this, then. class Work implements Runnable { final Set<Section> subSections; final Data data; final Result result; Work(Set<Section> subSections, Data data) { this.sections = SubSections; this.data = data; } @Override public void run(){ for(Section section : subSections){ result.addUp(compute(data, section)); } } } Now we have instances of 'Worker', that have their own state sections I have. class Worker implements ExecutorService { final Map<Integer,Section> sectionsIHave; { sectionsIHave = {1:section1, 5:section5, 8:section8 }; } final ExecutorService executor = //some executor. @Override public void execute(SubProblem problem){ Set<Section> sectionsNeeded = fetchSections(problem.targetedSectionIds); super.execute(new Work(sectionsNeeded, problem.data); } } phew. So, we have a lot of Problems and Workers are constantly asking for more SubProblems. My task is to break up Problems into SubProblem and give it to them. The difficulty is however, that I have to later collect all the results for the SubProblems and merge (reduce) them into a Result for the whole Problem. This is however, costly, so I want to give the workers "chunks" that are as big as possible (has as many targetedSections as possible). It doesn't have to be perfect (mathematically as efficient as possible or something). I mean, I guess that it is impossible to have a perfect solution, because you can't predict how long each computation will take, etc.. But is there a good heuristic solution for this? Or maybe some resources I can read up before I go into designing? Any advice is highly appreciated!

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  • Client-server synchronization pattern / algorithm?

    - by tm_lv
    I have a feeling that there must be client-server synchronization patterns out there. But i totally failed to google up one. Situation is quite simple - server is the central node, that multiple clients connect to and manipulate same data. Data can be split in atoms, in case of conflict, whatever is on server, has priority (to avoid getting user into conflict solving). Partial synchronization is preferred due to potentially large amounts of data. Are there any patterns / good practices for such situation, or if you don't know of any - what would be your approach? Below is how i now think to solve it: Parallel to data, a modification journal will be held, having all transactions timestamped. When client connects, it receives all changes since last check, in consolidated form (server goes through lists and removes additions that are followed by deletions, merges updates for each atom, etc.). Et voila, we are up to date. Alternative would be keeping modification date for each record, and instead of performing data deletes, just mark them as deleted. Any thoughts?

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  • Reverse regular expressions to generate data

    - by Anton Gogolev
    In one of the StackOverflow Podcasts (the one where guys were discussing data generation for testing DBs -- either #11 or #12), Jeff mentioned something like "reverse regular expressions", which are used exactly for that purpose: given a regex, produce a string which will eventually match said regex. What is the correct term for this whole concept? Is this a well-known concept?

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  • Java - Removing duplicates in an ArrayList

    - by Will
    I'm working on a program that uses an ArrayList to store Strings. The program prompts the user with a menu and allows the user to choose an operation to perform. Such operations are adding Strings to the List, printing the entries etc. What I want to be able to do is create a method called removeDuplicates().This method will search the ArrayList and remove any duplicated values. I want to leave one instance of the duplicated value(s) within the list. I also want this method to return the total number of duplicates removed. I've been trying to use nested loops to accomplish this but I've been running into trouble because when entries get deleted, the indexing of the ArrayList gets altered and things don't work as they should. I know conceptually what I need to do but I'm having trouble implementing this idea in code. Here is some pseudo code: start with first entry; check each subsequent entry in the list and see if it matches the first entry; remove each subsequent entry in the list that matches the first entry; after all entries have been examined, move on to the second entry; check each entry in the list and see if it matches the second entry; remove each entry in the list that matches the second entry; repeat for entry in the list Here's the code I have so far: public int removeDuplicates() { int duplicates = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++ ) { for ( int j = 0; j < strings.size(); j++ ) { if ( i == j ) { // i & j refer to same entry so do nothing } else if ( strings.get( j ).equals( strings.get( i ) ) ) { strings.remove( j ); duplicates++; } } } return duplicates; }

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  • Removing elements from heap

    - by user193138
    I made a heap. I am curious if there's something subtley wrong with my remove function: int Heap::remove() { if (n == 0) exit(1); int temp = arr[0]; arr[0] = arr[--n]; heapDown(0); arr[n] = 0; return temp; } void Heap::heapDown(int i) { int l = left(i); int r = right(i); // comparing parent to left/right child // each has an inner if to handle if the first swap causes a second swap // ie 1 -> 3 -> 5 // 3 5 1 5 1 3 if (l < n && arr[i] < arr[l]) { swap(arr[i], arr[l]); heapDown(l); if (r < n && arr[i] < arr[r]) { swap(arr[i], arr[r]); heapDown(r); } } else if (r < n && arr[i] < arr[r]) { swap(arr[i], arr[r]); heapDown(r); if (l < n && arr[i] < arr[l]) { swap(arr[i], arr[l]); heapDown(l); } } } Here's my output i1i2i3i4i5i6i7 p Active heap: 7 4 6 1 3 2 5 r Removed 7 r Removed 6 p Active heap: 5 3 4 1 2 Here's my teacher's sample output: p Active heap : 7 4 6 1 3 2 5 r Removed 7 r Removed 6 p Active heap : 5 4 2 1 3 s Heapsorted : 1 2 3 4 5 While our outputs are completely different, I do seem to hold maxheap principle of having everything left oriented and for all nodes parent child(in every case I tried). I try to do algs like this from scratch, so maybe I'm just doing something really weird and wrong (I would only consider it "wrong" if it's O(lg n), as removes are intended to be for heaps). Is there anything in particular "wrong" about my remove? Thanks, http://ideone.com/PPh4eQ

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  • Five unique, random numbers from a subset

    - by tau
    I know similar questions come up a lot and there's probably no definitive answer, but I want to generate five unique random numbers from a subset of numbers that is potentially infinite (maybe 0-20, or 0-1,000,000). The only catch is that I don't want to have to run while loops or fill an array. My current method is to simply generate five random numbers from a subset minus the last five numbers. If any of the numbers match each other, then they go to their respective place at the end of the subset. So if the fourth number matches any other number, it will bet set to the 4th from the last number. Does anyone have a method that is "random enough" and doesn't involve costly loops or arrays? Please keep in mind this a curiosity, not some mission-critical problem. I would appreciate it if everyone didn't post "why are you having this problem?" answers. I am just looking for ideas. Thanks a lot!

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  • Could I do this blind relative to absolute path conversion (for perforce depot paths) better?

    - by wonderfulthunk
    I need to "blindly" (i.e. without access to the filesystem, in this case the source control server) convert some relative paths to absolute paths. So I'm playing with dotdots and indices. For those that are curious I have a log file produced by someone else's tool that sometimes outputs relative paths, and for performance reasons I don't want to access the source control server where the paths are located to check if they're valid and more easily convert them to their absolute path equivalents. I've gone through a number of (probably foolish) iterations trying to get it to work - mostly a few variations of iterating over the array of folders and trying delete_at(index) and delete_at(index-1) but my index kept incrementing while I was deleting elements of the array out from under myself, which didn't work for cases with multiple dotdots. Any tips on improving it in general or specifically the lack of non-consecutive dotdot support would be welcome. Currently this is working with my limited examples, but I think it could be improved. It can't handle non-consecutive '..' directories, and I am probably doing a lot of wasteful (and error-prone) things that I probably don't need to do because I'm a bit of a hack. I've found a lot of examples of converting other types of relative paths using other languages, but none of them seemed to fit my situation. These are my example paths that I need to convert, from: //depot/foo/../bar/single.c //depot/foo/docs/../../other/double.c //depot/foo/usr/bin/../../../else/more/triple.c to: //depot/bar/single.c //depot/other/double.c //depot/else/more/triple.c And my script: begin paths = File.open(ARGV[0]).readlines puts(paths) new_paths = Array.new paths.each { |path| folders = path.split('/') if ( folders.include?('..') ) num_dotdots = 0 first_dotdot = folders.index('..') last_dotdot = folders.rindex('..') folders.each { |item| if ( item == '..' ) num_dotdots += 1 end } if ( first_dotdot and ( num_dotdots > 0 ) ) # this might be redundant? folders.slice!(first_dotdot - num_dotdots..last_dotdot) # dependent on consecutive dotdots only end end folders.map! { |elem| if ( elem !~ /\n/ ) elem = elem + '/' else elem = elem end } new_paths << folders.to_s } puts(new_paths) end

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  • Data Structures for hashMap, List and Set

    - by harigm
    Can any one please guide me to look in depth about the Data Structures used and how is it implemented in the List, Set and Maps of Util Collection page. In Interviews most of the questions will be on the Algorithms, but I never saw anywhere the implementation details, Can any one please share the information.

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  • Implementing a hilbert map of the internet

    - by Martin
    In the XKCD comic 195 a design for a map of the internet address space is suggested using a hilbert curve so that items from a similar IPs will be clustered together. Given an IP address, how would I calculate the 2D coordinates (in the range zero to one) that this IP is located on such a map?

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  • Simple/Basic steganography algorithms and methods

    - by tomp
    What are the basic and simpliest steganography algorithms and methods? I mean the steganography applied to images. How does simple program that hides data to images work? How does the program recognize the encrypted message in image without the source image? What are the main techniques used?

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