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  • what causes the .NET SerialPort class DataReceived event to fire?

    - by Klay
    I understand from the MSDN docs that the event DataReceived will not necessarily fire once per byte. But does anyone know what exactly is the mechanism that causes the event to fire? Does the receipt of each byte restart a timer that has to reach, say 10 ms between bytes, before the event fires? I ask because I'm trying to write an app that reads XML data coming in from a serial port. Because my laptop has no serial ports, I use a virtual serial port emulator. (I know, I know--I can't do anything about it ATM). When I pass data through the emulated port to my app, the event fires once for each XML record (about 1500 bytes). Perfect. But when a colleague at another office tries it with two computers connected by an actual cable, the DataReceived event fires repeatedly, after every 10 or so bytes of XML, which totally throws off the app.

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  • Help! How to get the event handler with IE Dom interfaces?

    - by usfree74
    Hey Gurus, I am working to use IE Dom interface to automate IE page access. I am trying to get all event handlers defined in a page. I am using IHTMLElement object now for this purpose. If the html page defines "onclick=xxx", element.onclick returns the click handler. However, if an event handler is defined in javascript, element.onclick simply returns NULL. What's the right way to get the event handler then? Thanks, xin Below is an example that uses javascript to define event handler. $(document).ready(function(){ $("a").click(function(event){ $(this).hide("slow"); alert("Thanks for visiting!"); window.location="http://cnn.com"; }); }); jQuery

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  • Doctrine: Relating a model to itself using a link table, like "This event is related to to the following other events"

    - by mattalexx
    So in English, the relationship would sound like "This event is related to to the following other events". My first instinct is to create an EventEvent model, with a first_event_id field and a second_event_id field. Then I would define the following two relationships in the Event model: $this->hasMany('Event as FirstRelatedEvents', array('local' => 'first_event_id', 'foreign' => 'second_event_id', 'refClass' => 'EventEvent')); $this->hasMany('Event as SecondRelatedEvents', array('local' => 'second_event_id', 'foreign' => 'first_event_id', 'refClass' => 'EventEvent')); But I would rather not have to use two relationships on the Event model. Is there a better way to do this?

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  • How can I stop a default event when using a named function in addEvent?

    - by Rupert
    Normally, if I wish to stop a default event in mootools I can do this: $('form').addEvent('submit', function(e) { e.stop(); //Do stuff here } However, I don't like using an anonymous function in events because I often want to reuse the code. Lets say I have a validate function. I could do this: $('form').addEvent('submit', validate); which works fine until I want to stop the default event. validate obviously doesn't know what e is so I can't just do e.stop(). Also I've tried passing the event as a variable to validate but whenever I use a named function with parameters, the function gets called automatically on domready, rather than on the event firing. Even worse, an error is thrown when the event is fired: What am I doing wrong?

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  • Does javascript event handling occur inside or outside the program flow?

    - by Carlo Roosen
    This question is related to Javascript event handling and flow control, but it is one step beyond. The question that remains unanswered is: when an event is fired and control is returned to the browser, could the browser decide to handle other events first (fired by other scripts or user action) (A), or will it always handle my event directly (B)? The question is important, because in case (B) you can rely on the fact that nothing has been changed between firing the event and the event handler, while (A) gives no guarantees whatsoever. My first guess is (B), how else could stopPropagation() and preventDefault() work? But giving it a second thought, it is no hard evidence.

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  • How do I load multiple FLV files, with the same COMPLETE event handler?

    - by Josamoto
    When loading files with the Loader in ActionScript 3, I am able to inspect the event attribute on the complete event handler to determine what the URL is for the file that has completed downloading. Loader exposes a variable in the event handler attribute: event.target.url which I means that when the handler returns, I can easily determine which file is loading. However, my client has sent numerous FLV files built in After Effects that constitute the UI elements of a Flash application built for them. Loading FLV files require the use of URLLoader, and this does not appear to expose the name of the file being loaded. So I either need to convert the FLV's to SWF, so I can load them as normal. Is there a way to determine the URL inside the onComplete event handler fired by URLLoader?

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  • stopping backspace on multiple browsers using jQuery

    - by jboyd
    I am attempting to stop a backspace keydown event from being handled by browsers, I'm using the jquery library, so I need to get the original event, but on some browsers (firefox at least) I get an error when trying to set the original events keyCode = 0, it gives and error saying that only a getter exists for that property. function blockBackspace(event) { var altKey = event.originalEvent.altKey; var srcElementType = event.originalEvent.srcElement; if( (altKey) || ((event.keyCode == 8) && (srcElementType != "text" && srcElementType != "textarea" && srcElementType != "password")) || ((event.ctrlKey) && ((event.keyCode == 78) || (event.keyCode == 82)) ) || (event.keyCode == 116) ) { event.keyCode = 0; event.returnValue = false; event.originalEvent.keyCode = 0; event.originalEvent.returnValue = false; //sets process backspaceFlag to keep multiple handlers from removing text processBackspace = true; } } so I'm not exactly sure what to do next, every solution I find yields more problems. There must be ways around this problem or else other text areas (that's kind of what I'm building) would not work

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  • Is there a comprehensive list of the NHibernate event listeners and when they actually fire?

    - by snicker
    So I am looking for a nice list of NHibernate events that actually describes when they are fired, in a typical scenario. IE something like PreUpdateEventListener - Fires when an object that is already persistent is changing I currently just rifle through the source and try to figure it out, but it's kinda painful, and I figure that someone must have done this already at some point.

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  • Why does the roll_out event fire in this code?

    - by user339681
    I have made this simple example to demonstrate some problems I'm having. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute"> <mx:Canvas id="buttonCanvas" x="100" y="100" opaqueBackground="#000000" width="80%" height="300" creationComplete="init(event)"> <mx:Button x="5" y="5"/> <mx:Button x="5" y="50"/> </mx:Canvas> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ private function init(event:Event):void{ buttonCanvas.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, function(event:Event):void{ buttonCanvas.opaqueBackground=(buttonCanvas.opaqueBackground==0)? 0x666666:0; }); } ]]> </mx:Script> </mx:Application> I don't understand the following: Why doesn't the percentage nor absolute dimensions affect the canvas? Why does the roll_out event fire when the mouse leaves a button (even when it is still inside the canvas). I'm going nuts trying to figure this out. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • How to avoid raising an event to a closed form?

    - by Steve Dignan
    I'm having trouble handling the scenario whereby an event is being raised to a closed form and was hoping to get some help. Scenario (see below code for reference): Form1 opens Form2 Form1 subscribes to an event on Form2 (let's call the event FormAction) Form1 is closed and Form2 remains open Form2 raises the FormAction event In Form1.form2_FormAction, why does this return a reference to Form1 but button1.Parent returns null? Shouldn't they both return the same reference? If we were to omit step 3, both this and button1.Parent return the same reference. Here's the code I'm using... Form1: public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1 () { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e ) { // Create instance of Form2 and subscribe to the FormAction event var form2 = new Form2(); form2.FormAction += form2_FormAction; form2.Show(); } private void form2_FormAction ( object o ) { // Always returns reference to Form1 var form = this; // If Form1 is open, button1.Parent is equal to form/this // If Form1 is closed, button1.Parent is null var parent = button1.Parent; } } Form2: public partial class Form2 : Form { public Form2 () { InitializeComponent(); } public delegate void FormActionHandler ( object o ); public event FormActionHandler FormAction = delegate { }; private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e ) { FormAction( "Button clicked." ); } } Ideally, I would like to avoid raising events to closed/disposed forms (which I'm not sure is possible) or find a clean way of handling this in the caller (in this case, Form1). Any help is appreciated.

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  • How to defer execution of an Event on each item in a collection until iteration of collection is com

    - by Metro Smurf
    Of Note: This is more of a curiosity question than anything else. Given a List<Window> where each window has an event attached to the Close Event which removes the window from the collection, how could you use delegates / events to defer the execution of the Close Event until the collection has been iterated? For example: public class Foo { private List<Window> OpenedWindows { get; set; } public Foo() { OpenedWindows = new List<Window>(); } public void AddWindow( Window win ) { win.Closed += OnWindowClosed; OpenedWindows.Add( win ); } void OnWindowClosed( object sender, EventArgs e ) { var win = sender as Window; if( win != null ) { OpenedWindows.Remove( win ); } } void CloseAllWindows() { // obviously will not work because we can't // remove items as we iterate the collection // (the close event removes the window from the collection) OpenedWindows.ForEach( x => x.Close() ); // works fine, but would like to know how to do // this with delegates / events. while( OpenedWindows.Any() ) { OpenedWindows[0].Close(); } } } Specifically, within the CloseAllWindows() method, how could you iterate the collection to call the close event, but defer the event being raised until the collection has been completely iterated?

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  • How do I stop events from bubbling/multiple events with animated mouseovers?

    - by Kurucu
    I noticed a lot of JQuery answers on this, but I'm using MooTools... I have a Table of Contents which uses CSS Fixed positioning to keep it off to the left side, except for 20 pixels. The user hovers their cursor over the 20 pixels, which fires the DIV's mouseover event and the ToC slides fully into the page. When the cursor leaves, the ToC slides back to where it was. $('frameworkBreakdown').addEvents({ 'mouseover': function(event){ event = new Event(event); $('frameworkBreakdown').tween('left', 20); event.stop; }, 'mouseout': function(event){ event = new Event(event); $('frameworkBreakdown').tween('left', (10 - $('frameworkBreakdown').getStyle('width').toInt()) ); event.stop; } }); This works well (aside from unrelated issues) except that when I move the mouse on the DIV it starts to jitter, presumably because the contents of the DIV are also firing the event, or the event refires as the mouse tracks over the DIV. How can I stop this behaviour from occuring? Is there a standard method, or do I use some sort of nast global variable that determines whether effects are in action, and thus ignore the event?

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  • performance: jquery.live() vs. creating specific listeners on demand?

    - by Haroldo
    I have a page with news item titles, clicking each one ajax loads a full news items including a photo thumbnail. I want to attach a lightbox to the thumbnails to show a bigger photo. I have two options (i think): .live() . $('img .thumb').live('click', function()) add a specific id based listener on callback of the news item click . $('div.news_item').click(function(){ var id = $(this).attr('id'); //click show_news_item(), //callback function(){$(id+' .thumb').lightbox();} })

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  • Rails Form Submission, User can't be blank

    - by pmanning
    I'm trying to create an event through an event form and I keep getting a form error that says "User can't be blank". The event needs a user_id to post a feed_item showing who created the event. Why can't this event get created? event.rb class Event < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :description, :location, :title, :category_id, :start_date, :start_time, :end_date, :end_time, :image belongs_to :user belongs_to :category has_many :rsvps has_many :users, through: :rsvps, dependent: :destroy mount_uploader :image, ImageUploader validates :title, presence: true, length: { maximum: 60 } validates :user_id, presence: true create_events.rb (database) class CreateEvents < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :events do |t| t.string :title t.date :start_date t.time :start_time t.date :end_date t.time :end_time t.string :location t.string :description t.integer :category_id t.integer :user_id t.timestamps end add_index :events, [:user_id, :created_at] end end events_controller.rb def new @event = Event.new @user = current_user end def create @event = current_user.events.build(params[:event]) if @event.save flash[:success] = "Sesh created!" redirect_to root_url else @feed_items = [] render 'static_pages/home' end end routes.rb SampleApp::Application.routes.draw do resources :users do member do get :following, :followers, :events end end resources :events do member do get :members end end root to: 'static_pages#home' events/new.html.erb <%= form_for @event, :html => {:multipart => true} do |f| %> <%= render 'shared/error_messages', object: @event %>

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  • How can I do something ~after~ an event has fired in C#?

    - by Siracuse
    I'm using the following project to handle global keyboard and mouse hooking in my C# application. This project is basically a wrapper around the Win API call SetWindowsHookEx using either the WH_MOUSE_LL or WH_KEYBOARD_LL constants. It also manages certain state and generally makes this kind of hooking pretty pain free. I'm using this for a mouse gesture recognition software I'm working on. Basically, I have it setup so it detects when a global hotkey is pressed down (say CTRL), then the user moves the mouse in the shape of a pre-defined gesture and then releases global hotkey. The event for the KeyDown is processed and tells my program to start recording the mouse locations until it receives the KeyUp event. This is working fine and it allows an easy way for users to enter a mouse-gesture mode. Once the KeyUp event fires and it detects the appropriate gesture, it is suppose to send certain keystrokes to the active window that the user has defined for that particular gesture they just drew. I'm using the SendKeys.Send/SendWait methods to send output to the current window. My problem is this: When the user releases their global hotkey (say CTRL), it fires the KeyUp event. My program takes its recorded mouse points and detects the relevant gesture and attempts to send the correct input via SendKeys. However, because all of this is in the KeyUp event, that global hotkey hasn't finished being processed. So, for example if I defined a gesture to send the key "A" when it is detected, and my global hotkey is CTRL, when it is detected SendKeys will send "A" but while CTRL is still "down". So, instead of just sending A, I'm getting CTRL-A. So, in this example, instead of physically sending the single character "A" it is selecting-all via the CTRL-A shortcut. Even though the user has released the CTRL (global hotkey), it is still being considered down by the system. Once my KeyUp event fires, how can I have my program wait some period of time or for some event so I can be sure that the global hotkey is truly no longer being registered by the system, and only then sending the correct input via SendKeys?

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  • Can an asynchronously fired event run synchronously on a form?

    - by cyclotis04
    [VS 2010 Beta with .Net Framework 3.5] I've written a C# component to asynchronously monitor a socket and raise events when data is received. I set the VB form to show message boxes when the event is raised. What I've noticed is that when the component raises the event synchronously, the message box blocks the component code and locks the form until the user closes the message. When it's raised asynchronously, it neither blocks the code, nor locks the form. What I want is a way to raise an event in such a way that it does not block the code, but is called on the same thread as the form (so that it locks the form until the user selects an option.) Can you help me out? Thanks. [Component] using System; using System.Threading; using System.ComponentModel; namespace mySpace { public delegate void SyncEventHandler(object sender, SyncEventArgs e); public delegate void AsyncEventHandler(object sender, AsyncEventArgs e); public class myClass { readonly object syncEventLock = new object(); readonly object asyncEventLock = new object(); SyncEventHandler syncEvent; AsyncEventHandler asyncEvent; private delegate void WorkerDelegate(string strParam, int intParam); public void DoWork(string strParam, int intParam) { OnSyncEvent(new SyncEventArgs()); AsyncOperation asyncOp = AsyncOperationManager.CreateOperation(null); WorkerDelegate delWorker = new WorkerDelegate(ClientWorker); IAsyncResult result = delWorker.BeginInvoke(strParam, intParam, null, null); } private void ClientWorker(string strParam, int intParam) { Thread.Sleep(2000); OnAsyncEvent(new AsyncEventArgs()); OnAsyncEvent(new AsyncEventArgs()); } public event SyncEventHandler SyncEvent { add { lock (syncEventLock) syncEvent += value; } remove { lock (syncEventLock) syncEvent -= value; } } public event AsyncEventHandler AsyncEvent { add { lock (asyncEventLock) asyncEvent += value; } remove { lock (asyncEventLock) asyncEvent -= value; } } protected void OnSyncEvent(SyncEventArgs e) { SyncEventHandler handler; lock (syncEventLock) handler = syncEvent; if (handler != null) handler(this, e, null, null); // Blocks and locks //if (handler != null) handler.BeginInvoke(this, e, null, null); // Neither blocks nor locks } protected void OnAsyncEvent(AsyncEventArgs e) { AsyncEventHandler handler; lock (asyncEventLock) handler = asyncEvent; //if (handler != null) handler(this, e, null, null); // Blocks and locks if (handler != null) handler.BeginInvoke(this, e, null, null); // Neither blocks nor locks } } } [Form] Imports mySpace Public Class Form1 Public WithEvents component As New mySpace.myClass() Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click component.DoWork("String", 1) End Sub Private Sub component_SyncEvent(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As pbxapi.SyncEventArgs) Handles component.SyncEvent MessageBox.Show("Synchronous event", "Raised:", MessageBoxButtons.OK) End Sub Private Sub component_AsyncEvent(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As pbxapi.AsyncEventArgs) Handles component.AsyncEvent MessageBox.Show("Asynchronous event", "Raised:", MessageBoxButtons.OK) End Sub End Class

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  • Qt - drag and drop with graphics view framework

    - by David Davidson
    I'm trying to make a simple draggable item using the graphics framework. Here's the code for what I did so far: Widget class: class Widget : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public: Widget(QWidget *parent = 0); ~Widget(); }; Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent) { DragScene *scene = new DragScene(); DragView *view = new DragView(); QHBoxLayout *layout = new QHBoxLayout(); DragItem *item = new DragItem(); view->setAcceptDrops(true); scene->addItem(item); view->setScene(scene); layout->addWidget(view); this->setLayout(layout); } Widget::~Widget() { } DragView class: class DragView : public QGraphicsView { public: DragView(QWidget *parent = 0); }; DragView::DragView(QWidget *parent) : QGraphicsView(parent) { setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing); } DragScene class: class DragScene : public QGraphicsScene { public: DragScene(QObject* parent = 0); protected: void dragEnterEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event); void dragMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event); void dragLeaveEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event); void dropEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event); }; DragScene::DragScene(QObject* parent) : QGraphicsScene(parent) { } void DragScene::dragEnterEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event){ } void DragScene::dragMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event){ } void DragScene::dragLeaveEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event){ } void DragScene::dropEvent(QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent *event){ qDebug() << event->pos(); event->acceptProposedAction(); DragItem *item = new DragItem(); this->addItem(item); item->setPos(event->pos()); } DragItem class: class DragItem : public QGraphicsItem { public: DragItem(QGraphicsItem *parent = 0); QRectF boundingRect() const; void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget = 0); protected: void mouseDoubleClickEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event); void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event); void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event); void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event); }; DragItem::DragItem(QGraphicsItem *parent) : QGraphicsItem(parent) { setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable); } QRectF DragItem::boundingRect() const{ const QPointF *p0 = new QPointF(-10,-10); const QPointF *p1 = new QPointF(10,10); return QRectF(*p0,*p1); } void DragItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){ if(painter == 0) painter = new QPainter(); painter->drawEllipse(QPoint(0,0),10,10); } void DragItem::mouseDoubleClickEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){ } void DragItem::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){ } void DragItem::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){ QMimeData* mime = new QMimeData(); QDrag* drag = new QDrag(event->widget()); drag->setMimeData(mime); drag->exec(); } void DragItem::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){ } main.cpp instantiates a Widget and shows it. When I try to drag the circle, the app just creates another circle over the original one, regardless of where I release the drag. qDebug() in DragScene's dropEvent() shows QPointF(0,0) everytime the drag ends. I'm having a hard time trying to understand exactly what I have to do, which classes I should subclass, which methods needs to be overriden, to make this work. The documentation on this isn't very detailed. I'd like to know how to make this work, and if there's some other, more comprehensive resource to learn about the graphics view framework, besides the official documentation (which is excellent btw, but it would be great if there was a more detailed treatise on the subject). EDIT: Following badgerr's advice, I replaced item-pos() in DragScene::dropEvent() with item-scenePos(), now the drop event creates a new circle in the drop site, which is more or less what I wanted. But the original circle is still in place, and while the drag is in progress, the item doesn't follow the mouse cursor. The QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent documentation says that pos() should return the cursor position in relation to the view that sent the event, which, unless I got it wrong, shouldn't be (0,0) all the time. Weird. I've read in a forum post that you can use QDrag::setPixMap() to show something during the drag, and in examples I've seen pictures being set as pixmaps, but how do I make the pixmap just like the graphics item I'm supposed to be dragging?

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  • rails - named scoped help

    - by sameera207
    Hi All, I want to write a named scoped to get a record from its id. Ex: I have a model called Event and its same as doing Event.find(id) (I dont want to use find inside my controller and I want my controller to use a named scoped (for future flexibility)) So I have written a named scoped named_scope :from_id, lambda { |id| {:conditions = ['id= ?', id] } } and I'm calling it from my controller like Event.from_id(id) But my problems is it returns Event object array not only one object Ex: if I want to get event name I have to write event = Event.from_id(id) event[0].name instead I want to write event = Event.from_id(id) event.name Am I doing something wrong here.. thanks in advance cheers sameera

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  • How can I make named_scope in Rails return one value instead of an array?

    - by sameera207
    I want to write a [named scope] to get a record from its id. For example, I have a model called Event, and I want to simulate Event.find(id) with use of named_scope for future flexibility. I used this code in my model: named_scope :from_id, lambda { |id| {:conditions => ['id= ?', id] } } and I call it from my controller like Event.from_id(id). But my problem is that it returns an array of Event objects instead of just one object. Thus if I want to get event name, I have to write event = Event.from_id(id) event[0].name while what I want is event = Event.from_id(id) event.name Am I doing something wrong here?

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  • Winnipeg VS.NET 2010 Launch Event Rolls On&hellip;

    - by D'Arcy Lussier
    We’re into the afternoon sessions at the Winnipeg VS.NET launch event! After Steve Porter does his magic on “What’s New for Teams with VS.NET 2010” I’ll be tag-teaming with my colleague Jason Klassen on ASP.NET and VS.NET 2010. Popcorn and prizes are coming up! Miguel Carrasco from Anvil Digital speaking to the masses. Steve starting in on What’s New for Teams in VS.NET 2010.

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  • Get touches from UIScrollView

    - by Peter Lapisu
    Basically i want to subclass UIScrollView and hande the touches, however, the touch methods dont get called (i searched the web for a solution and i found out people pointing to override the hit test, what i did, but with no result :( ) .h @interface XScroller : UIScrollView @end .m - (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UIView *result = nil; for (UIView *child in self.subviews) { if ([child pointInside:point withEvent:event]) { if ((result = [child hitTest:point withEvent:event]) != nil) { break; } } } return result; } - (void) touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSLog(@"BEGAN"); [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; } - (void) touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSLog(@"MOVED"); [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; } - (void) touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSLog(@"ENDED"); [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; } - (void) touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSLog(@"CANCELED"); [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; } none of the - (void) touches* methods get called, the scrolling works ok

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  • Example of contravariance

    - by Misha
    I am thinking of the following example to illustrate why contravariance is useful. Let's consider a GUI framework with Widgets, Events, and Event Listeners. abstract class Event; class KeyEvent extends Event class MouseEvent extends Event trait EventListener[-Event] { def listen(e:Event) } Let Widgets define the following methods: def addKeyEventListener(listener:EventListener[KeyEvent]) def addMouseEventListener(listener:EventListener[MouseEvent]) These methods accept only "specific" event listeners, which is fine. However I would like to define also "kitchen-sink" listeners, which listen to all events, and pass such listeners to the "add listener" methods above. For instance, I would like to define LogEventListener to log all incoming events class LogEventListener extends EventListener[Event] { def listen(e:Event) { log(event) } } Since the trait EventListener is contravariant in Event we can pass LogEventListener to all those "add listener" methods without losing their type safety. Does it make sense ?

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