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  • Windows Server task manager displays much higher memory use than sum of all processes' working set s

    - by Sleepless
    I have a 16 GB Windows Server 2008 x64 machine mostly running SQL Server 2008. The free memory as seen in Task Manager is very low (128 MB at the moment), i.e. about 15.7 GB are used. So far, so good. Now when I try to narrow down the process(es) using the most memory I get confused: None of the processes have more than 200MB Working Set Size as displayed in the 'Processes' tab of Task Manager. Well, maybe the Working Set Size isn't the relevant counter? To figure that out I used a PowerShell command [1] to sum up each individual property of the process object in sort of a brute force approach - surely one of them must add up to the 15.7 GB, right? Turns out none of them does, with the closest being VirtualMemorySize (around 12.7 GB) and PeakVirtualMemorySize (around 14.7 GB). WTF? To put it another way: Which of the numerous memory related process information is the "correct" one, i.e. counts towards the server's physical memory as displayed in the Task Manager's 'Performance' tab? Thank you all! [1] $erroractionpreference="silentlycontinue"; get-process | gm | where-object {$.membertype -eq "Property"} | foreach-object {$.name; (get-process | measure-object -sum $_.name ).sum / 1MB}

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  • How do I make an Illustrator file "higher resolution"?

    - by drewjoh
    I was given an illustrator file, but all the curves on the artwork are jagged. I've tried "rasterizing" and exporting by increasing the size of the image. I don't know what else to do or what I'm doing wrong. My understanding is the beauty of Illustrator is that it's all done mathematically, so I can scale it up to infinity and it will be perfect (more or less). And that lines are drawn that way also, so they should be (or can be) infinitely smooth if they want to be. Here's what I have right now: Here's what I have with the image selected showing the plot lines: And a zoomed in view: *I'm not experienced in Illustrator at all; I only know whatever I can carry over from moderate Photoshop experience.

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  • How to detect a gamepad button press on OSX 10.5 and higher?

    - by Steph Thirion
    How do I detect a button press on a USB gamepad on OSX 10.5 and higher? I can't wrap my head around the ridiculously complex HID Manager (even though apparently it was simplified with 10.5), and the code samples at Apple have thousands of lines of code that would take days to understand and isolate what I need, so I'd appreciate if someone posts a simple, and fully coded solution for this isolated problem. EDIT: so far all answers are links to source code or semi obscure libraries for all kinds of HID devices, which will require more research time than what I'd like to invest on this. I am starting a bounty to get an actual snippet of code that solves this simple problem (using an external library or not). EDIT POS BOUNTY: thanks to all for you help; but unfortunately the answer that has been automatically selected by the system is not working for me, can't figure out why; and the author has not yet replied to my comments. Any insight would be appreciated, but until a fix is found, anyone looking for resources on this topic should take this answer with a pinch of salt.

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  • Can knowing C actually hurt the code you write in higher level languages?

    - by Jurily
    The question seems settled, beaten to death even. Smart people have said smart things on the subject. To be a really good programmer, you need to know C. Or do you? I was enlightened twice this week. The first one made me realize that my assumptions don't go further than my knowledge behind them, and given the complexity of software running on my machine, that's almost non-existent. But what really drove it home was this Slashdot comment: The end result is that I notice the many naive ways in which traditional C "bare metal" programmers assume that higher level languages are implemented. They make bad "optimization" decisions in projects they influence, because they have no idea how a compiler works or how different a good runtime system may be from the naive macro-assembler model they understand. Then it hit me: C is just one more abstraction, like all others. Even the CPU itself is only an abstraction! I've just never seen it break, because I don't have the tools to measure it. I'm confused. Has my mind been mutilated beyond recovery, like Dijkstra said about BASIC? Am I living in a constant state of premature optimization? Is there hope for me, now that I realized I know nothing about anything? Is there anything to know, even? And why is it so fascinating, that everything I've written in the last five years might have been fundamentally wrong? To sum it up: is there any value in knowing more than the API docs tell me? EDIT: Made CW. Of course this also means now you must post examples of the interpreter/runtime optimizing better than we do :)

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  • Why Use PHP OOP over Basic Functions and When?

    - by Codex73
    There are some posts about this matter, but I didn't clearly get when to use Object Oriented coding and when to use programmatic functions in an include. Somebody also mentioned to me that OOP is very heavy to run, and makes more workload. Is this right? Lets say I have a big file with 50 functions, why will I want to call these in a class? and not by function_name(). Should I switch and create object which holds all of my functions? What will be the advantage or specific difference? What benefits does it bring to code OOP in php ? Modularity?

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  • In PLT scheme, can I export functions after another function has been called?

    - by Jason Baker
    I'm trying to create a binding to libpython using scheme's FFI. To do this, I have to get the location of python, create the ffi-lib, and then create functions from it. So for instance I could do this: (module pyscheme scheme (require foreign) (unsafe!) (define (link-python [lib "/usr/lib/libpython2.6.so"]) (ffi-lib lib)) This is all well and good, but I can't think of a way to export functions. For instance, I could do something like this: (define Py_Initialize (get-ffi-obj "Py_Initialize" libpython (_fun -> _void))) ...but then I'd have to store a reference to libpython (created by link-python) globally somehow. Is there any way to export these functions once link-python is called? In other words, I'd like someone using the module to be able to do this: (require pyscheme) (link-python) (Py_Initialize) ...or this: (require pyscheme) (link-python "/weird/location/for/libpython.so") (Py_Initialize) ...but have this give an error: (require pyscheme) (Py_Initialize) How can I do this?

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  • What does "static" mean in the context of declaring global template functions?

    - by smf68
    I know what static means in the context of declaring global non-template functions (see e.g. What is a "static" function?), which is useful if you write a helper function in a header that is included from several different locations and want to avoid "duplicate definition" errors. So my question is: What does static mean in the context of declaring global template functions? Please note that I'm specifically asking about global, non-member template functions that do not belong to a class. In other words, what is the difference between the following two: template <typename T> void foo(T t) { /* implementation of foo here */ } template <typename T> static void bar(T t) { /* implementation of bar here */ }

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  • [Erlang - trace] How to trace for all functions in an Erlang module except for one?

    - by Dlf
    I wanted to trace for all functions in an erlang module, with dbg:tpl, but one of the internal functions took up 95% of the trace file. I then wanted to exclude only that single function and found that it was not as easy as I thought it would be. I know there are great pattern matching possibilities for arguments when tracing. Is there a similar possibility to apply pattern matching for functions? eg.: {'=/=', '$2', function_name} I am open for outside-the-box solutions as well! Thank You!

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  • Lubuntu 13.10 unable to connect to cups localhost:631

    - by user142139
    I am using Lubuntu 13.10 (recently upgraded) and am trying to print to a network printer (HP photosmart 7960) through my router (US Robotics 5461). My printer is connected to the router via USB cable. Normally, I would use the cups configuration interface to set up the wireless connection to the printer. I was able to use the printer through the router wirelessly, using Ubuntu 12.04. Now, with my recently upgraded Lubuntu 13.10, I am unable to get the Cups config webpage (http://localhost:631) to come up. In Chromium, I get: This web page is not available. In Firefox, I get: Unable to connect. Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at localhost:631. The CUPS config file details are below. I have this website to help with the router connections for Linux: http://www.usr.com/support/5461/5461-files/printer_installation_linux/index.html My printer's address through the router is: http://192.168.2.1:1631/printers/My_Printer Can you tell me how to fix this? Or, what to add to the cups configuration file to make this work? Please help. Thanks psychicnut CUPS CONFIG FILE DETAILS: # Show general information in error_log. LogLevel warn MaxLogSize 0 SystemGroup lpadmin Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock Listen 192.168.2.1:1631 Browsing Off BrowseLocalProtocols dnssd DefaultAuthType Basic WebInterface Yes <Location /> Order allow,deny </Location> <Location /admin> Order allow,deny </Location> <Location /admin/conf> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order allow,deny </Location> <Policy default> JobPrivateAccess default JobPrivateValues default SubscriptionPrivateAccess default SubscriptionPrivateValues default <Limit Create-Job Print-Job Print-URI Validate-Job> Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job Cancel-My-Jobs Close-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default CUPS-Get-Devices> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After Cancel-Jobs CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy> <Policy authenticated> JobPrivateAccess default JobPrivateValues default SubscriptionPrivateAccess default SubscriptionPrivateValues default <Limit Create-Job Print-Job Print-URI Validate-Job> AuthType Default Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job Cancel-My-Jobs Close-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After Cancel-Jobs CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy> JobPrivateAccess default JobPrivateValues default SubscriptionPrivateAccess default SubscriptionPrivateValues default

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  • Latency Matters

    - by Frederic P
    A lot of interest in low latencies has been expressed within the financial services segment, most especially in the stock trading applications where every millisecond directly influences the profitability of the trader. These days, much of the trading is executed by software applications which are trained to respond to each other almost instantaneously. In fact, you could say that we are in an arms race where traders are using any and all options to cut down on the delay in executing transactions, even by moving physically closer to the trading venue. The Solaris OS network stack has traditionally been engineered for high throughput, at the expense of higher latencies. Knowledge of tuning parameters to redress the imbalance is critical for applications that are latency sensitive. We are presenting in this blog how to configure further a default Oracle Solaris 10 installation to reduce network latency. There are many parameters in fact that can be altered, but the most effective ones are intr_blank_time and intr_blank_packets. These parameters affect on-board network throughput and latency on Solaris systems. If interrupt blanking is disabled, packets are processed by the driver as soon as they arrive, resulting in higher network throughput and lower latency, but with higher CPU utilization. With interrupt blanking disabled, processor utilization can be as high as 80–90% in some high-load web server environments. If interrupt blanking is enabled, packets are processed when the interrupt is issued. Enabling interrupt blanking can result in reduced processor utilization and network throughput, but higher network latency. Both parameters should be set at the same time. You can set these parameters by using the ndd command as follows: # ndd -set /dev/eri intr_blank_time 0 # ndd -set /dev/eri intr_blank_packets 0 You can add them to the /etc/system file as follows: set eri:intr_blank_time 0 set eri:intr_blank_packets 0 The value of the interrupt blanking parameter is a trade-off between network throughput and processor utilization. If higher processor utilization is acceptable for achieving higher network throughput, then disable interrupt blanking. If lower processor utilization is preferred and higher network latency is the penalty, then enable interrupt blanking. Our experience at ISV Engineering is that under controlled experiments the above settings result in reduction of network latency by at least 50%; on a two-socket 3GHz Sun Fire X4170 M2 running Solaris 10 Update 9, the above settings improved ping-pong latency from 60µs to 25-30µs with the on-board NIC.

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  • CUPS Web Admin Error 500 Unknown

    - by Floyd Resler
    I keep getting a 500 Unknown error whenever I navigate off the home page of my CUPS web admin. I'm sure I have something misconfigured but I'm not sure what. Here's my configuration: # # "$Id: cupsd.conf.in 8805 2009-08-31 16:34:06Z mike $" # # Sample configuration file for the CUPS scheduler. See "man cupsd.conf" for a # complete description of this file. # # Log general information in error_log - change "warn" to "debug" # for troubleshooting... LogLevel warn # Administrator user group... SystemGroup lpadmin sys root # Only listen for connections from the local machine. Listen 192.168.6.101:631 Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock ServerName 192.168.6.101 # Show shared printers on the local network. Browsing On BrowseOrder allow,deny BrowseAllow all BrowseLocalProtocols CUPS BrowseAddress 192.168.6.255 # Default authentication type, when authentication is required... DefaultAuthType Basic # Restrict access to the server... Order allow,deny Allow From All Allow From 127.0.0.1 # Restrict access to the admin pages... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order allow,deny Allow From All Allow From 127.0.0.1 # Restrict access to configuration files... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order allow,deny Allow From All Allow From 127.0.0.1 # Set the default printer/job policies... # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an administrator... Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # All administration operations require an administrator to authenticate... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # All printer operations require a printer operator to authenticate... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or authenticate a job... Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow Order deny,allow # Set the authenticated printer/job policies... # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an administrator... AuthType Default Order deny,allow AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # All administration operations require an administrator to authenticate... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # All printer operations require a printer operator to authenticate... AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or authenticate a job... AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow Order deny,allow # # End of "$Id: cupsd.conf.in 8805 2009-08-31 16:34:06Z mike $". #

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  • How can order of IP addresses issued be controlled?

    - by warren
    Every home router I've setup/used issues addresses from low to high. However, dhcpd from the Internet Systems Consortium seems to issue addresses in reverse order - ie, high to low. Is there a way to change this so that addresses are issued starting at the bottom of the range, and progress higher?

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  • Mail.app - What sets sort order when adding To addresses by typing Group name?

    - by Meltemi
    Using Mail.app in Mac OS X (10.6.3) I'm seeing apparently random sort order when sending a email to a group. Not a major issue but you'd think it be alphabetical?!? To reproduce: Compose New Message in Mail.app Type in a group name from your Address Book The addresses from that group will populate the To: field in apparently random fashion FYI- You'd think that choosing Edit Distribution List… in Address Book would let you sort the list...but nope! Anyone know what/how to set this sort order?

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  • does the *physical* order/location of drives in a mdadm-managed RAID-10 array matter?

    - by locuse
    i've setup a 4-drive RAID-10 array using mdadm-managed, software-raid on an x86_64 box. it'd up & running and works as expected, cat /proc/mdstat md127 : active raid10 sdc2[2] sdd2[3] sda2[0] sdb2[1] 1951397888 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 far-copies [4/4] [UUUU] bitmap: 9/466 pages [36KB], 2048KB chunk atm the four SATA drives are physically plugged into the motherboard's 1st four SATA ports. i'd like to gather the necessary/complete info for catastrophic recovery. reading starting here, http://neil.brown.name/blog, and the mailing list, i'm not yet completely confident i have it right. i understand 'drive order matters'. is that logical, &/or physical order that matters? if i unplugged the four drives in this array, and plugged them each back into different ports on the motherboard or a pci card, as long as i've changed nothing in software config, will the array correctly auto-re-assemble?

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  • In BASH, are wildcard expansions guaranteed to be in order?

    - by ArtB
    Is the expansion of a wildcard in BASH guaranteed to be in alphabetical order? I forced to split a large file into [10Mb pieces][1] so that they can be be accepted by my Mercurial repository. So I was thinking I could use: split -b 10485760 Big.file BigFilePiece. and then in place of: cat BigFile | bigFileProcessor I could do: cat BigFilePiece.* | bigFileProcessor In its place. However, I could not find anywhere that guaranteed that the expansion of the asterisk (aka wildcard, aka '*' ) would always be in alphabetical order so that .aa came before .ab ( as opposed to be timestamp ordering or something like that ). Also, are there any flaws in my plan? How great is the performance cost of cating the file together?

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  • If I drop my clustered PK and add a new one, what order will my rows be in?

    - by stack
    In SQL Server, I'm looking at TableA, which currently has a uniqueidentifier clustered primary key. The GUID has no meaning in any context. (I'll give you a second to clean up your keyboard and monitor and set down the soda.) I'd like to drop that primary key and add a new unique integer primary key to the table. My question is this: when I drop the index, modify the column from uniqueidentifier to int, and add the new clustered unique primary key to the modified column, will the new PK values be in the order of insertion into the table, or will they be in some other order? Is this the right way to go here? Will this work? (I'm kind of a noobkin with regard to table creation/modification.)

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  • Windows XP alt-tab: How to restrict options to certain applications, in certain order and exclude others?

    - by Rob
    In Windows XP Alt-tab keypress sequence to select applications, how can I ensure that certain applications always appear, in a certain order, with others always excluded? Background for asking is that most XP-based machines that I am working with on a shop floor present the list of shortcuts in a certain order and certain applications. There is one machine however, that displays an additional application. This is a hindrance to the users of the machines, as the nature of their work is routine and this variation disrupts the remembered sequence, "disrupts their flow". Thoughts? Being a good superuser, I research first before asking, and I found: Applications randomly alt-tab? (especially full screen games) Restore Alt-Tab behavior so that minimizing an app once again moves it to the end? (2. looks close to the control I need, but would need more finer, preciser control over what appears in the selection). Suggestions? (Thanks in advance.)

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  • Is order of parameters for database Command object really important?

    - by nawfal
    I was debugging a database operation code and I found that proper UPDATE was never happening though the code never failed as such. This is the code: condb.Open(); OleDbCommand dbcom = new OleDbCommand("UPDATE Word SET word=?,sentence=?,mp3=? WHERE id=? AND exercise_id=?", condb); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("id", wd.ID); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("exercise_id", wd.ExID); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("word", wd.Name); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("sentence", wd.Sentence); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("mp3", wd.Mp3); But after some tweaking this worked: condb.Open(); OleDbCommand dbcom = new OleDbCommand("UPDATE Word SET word=?,sentence=?,mp3=? WHERE id=? AND exercise_id=?", condb); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("word", wd.Name); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("sentence", wd.Sentence); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("mp3", wd.Mp3); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("id", wd.ID); dbcom.Parameters.AddWithValue("exercise_id", wd.ExID); Why is it so important that the parameters in WHERE clause has to be given the last in case of OleDb connection? Having worked with MySQL previously, I could (and usually do) write parameters of WHERE clause first because that's more logical to me. Is parameter order important when querying database in general? Some performance concern or something? Is there a specific order to be maintained in case of other databases like DB2, Sqlite etc? Update: I got rid of ? and included proper names with and without @. The order is really important. In both cases only when WHERE clause parameters was mentioned last, actual update happened. To make matter worse, in complex queries, its hard to know ourselves which order is Access expecting, and in all situations where order is changed, the query doesnt do its intended duty with no warning/error!!

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  • SQL SERVER – ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 11 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    For any good system three things are vital: CPU, Memory and IO (disk). Among these three, IO is the most crucial factor of SQL Server. Looking at real-world cases, I do not see IT people upgrading CPU and Memory frequently. However, the disk is often upgraded for either improving the space, speed or throughput. Today we will look at another IO-related wait type. From Book On-Line: Occurs when a task is waiting for I/Os to finish. ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION Explanation: Any tasks are waiting for I/O to finish. If by any means your application that’s connected to SQL Server is processing the data very slowly, this type of wait can occur. Several long-running database operations like BACKUP, CREATE DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE or other operations can also create this wait type. Reducing ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION wait: When it is an issue related to IO, one should check for the following things associated to IO subsystem: Look at the programming and see if there is any application code which processes the data slowly (like inefficient loop, etc.). Note that it should be re-written to avoid this  wait type. Proper placing of the files is very important. We should check the file system for proper placement of the files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on another separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is a higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. Check event log and error log for any errors or warnings related to IO. If you are using SAN (Storage Area Network), check the throughput of the SAN system as well as configuration of the HBA Queue Depth. In one of my recent projects, the SAN was performing really badly and so the SAN administrator did not accept it. After some investigations, he agreed to change the HBA Queue Depth on the development setup (test environment). As soon as we changed the HBA Queue Depth to quite a higher value, there was a sudden big improvement in the performance. It is very likely to happen that there are no proper indexes on the system and yet there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can effectively reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has lesser columns than cluster table and all other; it depends upon the situation). You can refer to the following two articles I wrote that talk about how to optimize indexes: Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 10 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    For any good system three things are vital: CPU, Memory and IO (disk). Among these three, IO is the most crucial factor of SQL Server. Looking at real-world cases, I do not see IT people upgrading CPU and Memory frequently. However, the disk is often upgraded for either improving the space, speed or throughput. Today we will look at an IO-related wait types. From Book On-Line: Occurs while waiting for I/O operations to complete. This wait type generally represents non-data page I/Os. Data page I/O completion waits appear as PAGEIOLATCH_* waits. IO_COMPLETION Explanation: Any tasks are waiting for I/O to finish. This is a good indication that IO needs to be looked over here. Reducing IO_COMPLETION wait: When it is an issue concerning the IO, one should look at the following things related to IO subsystem: Proper placing of the files is very important. We should check the file system for proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on a separate drive, TempDB on another separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk),etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. Check event log and error log for any errors or warnings related to IO. If you are using SAN (Storage Area Network), check the throughput of the SAN system as well as the configuration of the HBA Queue Depth. In one of my recent projects, the SAN was performing really badly so the SAN administrator did not accept it. After some investigations, he agreed to change the HBA Queue Depth on development (test environment) set up and as soon as we changed the HBA Queue Depth to quite a higher value, there was a sudden big improvement in the performance. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes in the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can effectively reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has lesser columns than cluster table and all other; it depends upon the situation). You can refer to the two articles that I wrote; they are about how to optimize indexes: Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Types, SQL White Papers, T SQL, Technology

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  • College Ratings via the Federal Government

    - by user9147039
    A few weeks back you might remember news about a higher education rating system proposal from the Obama administration. As I've discussed previously, political and stakeholder pressures to improve outcomes and increase transparency are stronger than ever before. The executive branch proposal is intended to make progress in this area. Quoting from the proposal itself, "The ratings will be based upon such measures as: Access, such as percentage of students receiving Pell grants; Affordability, such as average tuition, scholarships, and loan debt; and Outcomes, such as graduation and transfer rates, graduate earnings, and advanced degrees of college graduates.” This is going to be quite complex, to say the least. Most notably, higher ed is not monolithic. From community and other 2-year colleges, to small private 4-year, to professional schools, to large public research institutions…the many walks of higher ed life are, well, many. Designing a ratings system that doesn't wind up with lots of unintended consequences and collateral damage will be difficult. At best you would end up potentially tarnishing the reputation of certain institutions that were actually performing well against the metrics and outcome measures that make sense in their "context" of education. At worst you could spend a lot of time and resources designing a system that would lose credibility with its "customers". A lot of institutions I work with already have in place systems like the one described above. They are tracking completion rates, completion timeframes, transfers to other institutions, job placement, and salary information. As I talk to these institutions there are several constants worth noting: • Deciding on which metrics to measure is complicated. While employment and salary data are relatively easy to track, qualitative measures are more difficult. How do you quantify the benefit to someone who studies in one field that may not compensate him or her as well as another field but that provides huge personal fulfillment and reward is a difficult measure to quantify? • The data is available but the systems to transform the data into actual information that can be used in meaningful ways are not. Too often in higher ed information is siloed. As such, much of the data that need to be a part of a comprehensive system sit in multiple organizations, oftentimes outside the reach of core IT. • Politics and culture are big barriers. One of the areas that my team and I spend a lot of time talking about with higher ed institutions all over the world is the imperative to optimize for student success. This, like the tracking of the students’ achievement after graduation, requires a level or organizational capacity that does not currently exist. The primary barrier is the culture of "data islands" in higher ed, and the need for leadership to drive out the divisions between departments, schools, colleges, etc. and institute academy-wide analytics and data stewardship initiatives that will enable student success. • Data quality is a very big issue. So many disparate systems exist (some on premise, some "in the cloud") that keep data about "persons" using different means to identify them. Establishing a single source of truth about an individual and his or her data is difficult without some type of data quality policy and tools. Good tools actually exist but are seldom leveraged. Don't misunderstand - I think it's a great idea to drive additional transparency and accountability into the system of higher education. And not just at home, but globally. Students and parents need access to key data to make informed, responsible choices. The tools exist to not only enable this kind of information to be shared but to capture the very metrics stakeholders care most about and in a way that makes sense in the context of a given institution's "place" in the overall higher ed panoply.

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  • Is Export table contains all entries of Win32 Exe functions?

    - by Usman
    Hello, I need to know that all Win32 Exe functions or class's member functions contained inside Export table of that Win 32 exe(PE File)? If not then from how and where I would be able to get all these information? (I know PE file format and all sections of it and know what those sections contained but still help required how to proceeed?) Regards Muhammad Usman

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  • Anonymous methods/functions: a fundamental feature or a violation of OO principles?

    - by RD1
    Is the recent movement towards anonymous methods/functions by mainstream languages like perl and C# something important, or a weird feature that violates OO principles? Are recent libraries like the most recent version of Intel's Thread Building Blocks and Microsofts PPL and Linq that depend on such things a good thing, or not? Are languages that currently reject anonymous methods/functions, like Java, making wise choices in sticking with a purely OO model, or are they falling behind by lacking a fundamental programming feature?

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