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• Read floppy from OpenVMS machine

  - by Goyuix

  I have a floppy I need to read the contents from - unfortunately it was formatted and the data written on an OpenVMS server. I believe the floppy is formatted "Files-11" and I can see parts of the MFT [equivalent] and file contents through a hex editor, however I would love to be able to mount this and actually read the files off. Is there a Files-11 FUSE module or other kernel module I can install to read this format? Any standalone utilities that can understand a floppy image taken with dd?

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• How can I change the default domain in an OTRS installation?

  - by Jamie

  I used a turnkeylinux.org otrs installation and I'm trying to configure the default domain of 'yourhost.example.com'. I tried the following: sed -ri 's/yourhost.example.com/mydomain.com/' /usr/share/otrs/Kernel/Config/Defaults.pm sudo shutdown -r now The next time I logged and tried to create a user, the default domain was still there. How can I change default doamin in an OTRS installation?

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• Optimize the boot time of Linux

  - by sasayins

  Hi, What possible way that I can optimize the boot-time of a Linux OS? Should I modify some scripts or init scripts? If yes, what are the scripts? Can I modify the kernel source? Many thanks

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• RPM with RHEL: install 2 version of same package / different arch

  - by Nicolas Tourneur

  I think the title is pretty self explanatory :) Is it possible, under RHEL (v 5) to install 2 instances of the same packages with 32 bit support for one and 64 bits support for the other one? Obviously, the running host has a 64 bit kernel and has the compatibility libraries required. (in this case, we would need a 64 bits JDK and a 32 bits one). If yes, are there any special rpm flag to use (change of installation directory for instance)? Thanks in advance,

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• What exactly interpret #!/bin/bash line?

  - by vava

  Many scripts in different languages have a #!/bin/bash header with a path to interpreter, so they can be executed without explicit call to interpreter from command line. But what exactly reads this line and run the interpreter, is it shell or kernel?

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• How do I make a bootable USB flash drive that can run memtest?

  - by raldi

  It seems that the canonical instructions for making a bootable USB flash drive that runs memtest are at: http://forum.canardpc.com/showthread.php?t=28875 However, after following them to a T, I boot up the new machine and get: "could not find kernel image: linux" Do I need to set up a lilo.conf first?

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• Cobbler 2.2.2 problems

  - by Peter

  I have setup a dedicated LAN for Cobbler tests. My setup is: Cobbler server: openSUSE 12.3, cobbler 2.2.2 (from openSUSE repos) Imported distros: Centos 6.5, Red Hat 6.5, Red Hat 7.0, openSUSE 13.1 Target Machine: VMs in a Windows 7 Virtualbox Systems provisioning works OK, but I have some problems. The first one is that cobbler does not honor the "pxe_just_once: 1" setting. When the setup of the target OS is finished, after the reboot the target systems continues to PXE boot! The second problem is that the target server is not correctly configured! See my setup: cobbler system report --name=test Name : test TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : Fetchable Files : {} Gateway : 192.168.0.1 Hostname : testcob1.example.com Image : IPv6 Autoconfiguration : False IPv6 Default Device : Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : <<inherit>> Kickstart Metadata : {} LDAP Enabled : False LDAP Management Type : authconfig Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Monit Enabled : False Name Servers : ['192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'] Name Servers Search Path : [] Netboot Enabled : False Owners : ['admin'] Power Management Address : Power ID : Power Password : Power Management Type : ipmitool Power Username : Profile : RHEL-6.5-x86_64 Proxy : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos Enabled : False Server Override : <<inherit>> Status : testing Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : <<inherit>> Virt CPUs : <<inherit>> Virt Disk Driver Type : <<inherit>> Virt File Size(GB) : <<inherit>> Virt Path : <<inherit>> Virt RAM (MB) : <<inherit>> Virt Type : <<inherit>> Interface ===== : eth0 Bonding Opts : Bridge Opts : DHCP Tag : DNS Name : Master Interface : Interface Type : IP Address : 192.168.0.200 IPv6 Address : IPv6 Default Gateway : IPv6 MTU : IPv6 Secondaries : [] IPv6 Static Routes : [] MAC Address : Management Interface : True MTU : Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0 Static : True Static Routes : [] Virt Bridge : So, although I have setup the hostname and the network interface of the target system, after the setup, the hostname is set to localhost.localdomain and eth0 is configured as a DHCP not static! How can I find the problem and fix it? Note that I have synced and restarted cobbler a couple of times, but the problems persists.

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• Routing all data through an VPN tunnel with ppp

  - by Oliver

  I'm trying to create a VPN tunnel that forwards all data from the local machine to the VPN server. I'm using ppp-2.4.5 for this with the following configuration: pty "pptp <VPNServer> --nolaunchpppd" name <my login name> remotename PPTP usepeerdns require-mppe-128 file /etc/ppp/options.pptp persist maxfail 0 holdoff 5 I have a script in if-up.d with the following content: route del default eth0 route add default dev ppp0 Before starting the VPN tunnel my routing looks like: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 2 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 lo 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 After starting the tunnel (via pon) it looks like: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 12.34.56.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 lo 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 Now the problem is, that the VPN tunnel seems to be looped into itself. If I run ifconfig after a few seconds without any traffic: eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 192.168.255.255 ether 00:01:2e:2f:ff:35 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 39931 bytes 6784614 (6.4 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 90 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 34980 bytes 7633181 (7.2 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device interrupt 20 memory 0xfbdc0000-fbde0000 ppp0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1496 inet 12.34.56.78 netmask 255.255.255.255 destination 12.34.56.1 ppp txqueuelen 3 (Point-to-Point Protocol) RX packets 7 bytes 94 (94.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 782863 bytes 349257986 (333.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 It states that already over 300 MiB have been send, ppp0 is only online since a few seconds and the connection isn't working anyway. Can someone please help me to fix the routing table, so that the traffic from ppp0 is not send again through ppp0 but instead goes to the remote server?

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• /etc/exports file not read on boot

  - by netimen

  I added some entries into my /etc/exports file. But when I boot my system, the file is not read. I check it by sudo exportfs — it returns nothing (also I can't mount the exported folders on other systems). Then I run sudo expotfs -a and then again sudo exportfs — and now all my exported folders are listed (and now I can mount the exported folders on other systems). I'm running kubuntu 9.04 with 2.6.28-11-generic kernel

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• No new mail icon in panel when using evolution

  - by ant2009

  I am using Ubuntu 10.04, kernel 2.6.32-21-generic, with Evolution 2.83.3. I have noticed that when I get a new email, it never shows a new mail icon in the panel. I had the same problem with 9.10, and I thought the problem would go away when I upgraded to 10.04. I have checked the properties in Mail preferences: Play sound - yes Display a notification - yes Indicate new messages in panel - yes Many thanks for any suggestions.

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• Centos swap cache memory leak

  - by user30008

  We have a image server that keeps running out of memory and crashing, we thought there was a hardware issue with the machine because the code base has not changed and this is a new issue. We brought a new machine online with newer kernel and fresh centos 5.4 install and just brought online one subdomain and the exact same error is occurring on the new machine. How should I try and troubleshoot this issue.

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• how to setup kismet.conf on Ubuntu

  - by Registered User

  I installed Kismet on my Ubuntu 10.04 machine as apt-get install kismet every thing seems to work fine. but when I launch it I see following error kismet Launching kismet_server: //usr/bin/kismet_server Suid priv-dropping disabled. This may not be secure. No specific sources given to be enabled, all will be enabled. Non-RFMon VAPs will be destroyed on multi-vap interfaces (ie, madwifi-ng) Enabling channel hopping. Enabling channel splitting. NOTICE: Disabling channel hopping, no enabled sources are able to change channel. Source 0 (addme): Opening none source interface none... FATAL: Please configure at least one packet source. Kismet will not function if no packet sources are defined in kismet.conf or on the command line. Please read the README for more information about configuring Kismet. Kismet exiting. Done. I followed this guide http://www.ubuntugeek.com/kismet-an-802-11-wireless-network-detector-sniffer-and-intrusion-detection-system.html#more-1776 how ever in kismet.conf I am not clear with following line source=none,none,addme as to what should I change this to. lspci -vnn shows 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f69fc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, ssb and iwconfig shows lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"WIKUCD" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <00:43:92:21:H5:09> Bit Rate=11 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Managementmode:All packets received Link Quality=1/5 Signal level=-81 dBm Noise level=-90 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:169 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 So what should I be putting in place of source=none,none,addme with output I mentioned above ?

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• How to mount a compressed ISO image?

  - by dma_k

  I have problem to mount a compressed (ISZ) image under Linux, which was created by e.g. UltraISO? I am aware about user-space fuseiso, but it fails to mount these images, as I have reported in Debian bugtracker (correct me if I ddi something wrong). I ask the community for a help: I need a proved solution to mount these images without decompressing them. I believe that CONFIG_ZISOFS kernel option cannot help, as it refers a special RockRidge extension (per-file compression with mkisofs -z or mkzftree).

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• Rolling back Server edition from GRUB List (Ubuntu)

  - by A.Rashad

  I seems i did some mistake, and installed Ubuntu server on my home based ubuntu box. and the problem is that GRUB places the server edition as a priority boot in the menu, especially when I upgrade the kernel or the release. How can I remove the server from the GRUB menu permanently? can I un-install Ubuntu server edition?

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• How to strip logfile with grep to remove various dispensable information?

  - by NES

  My logfile has the following format: Dec 26 13:11:48 192.168.1.1 kernel: ACCEPT IN=br0 OUT=vlan1 SRC=192.168.1.2 DST=74.125.43.147 LEN=44 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=9312 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=11733 DPT=80 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (020405B4) Now i'm trying to remove some dispensable information to make the output better readable and well arranged and put it into a new file. The result should look like this and should only have the following information: Dec 26 13:11:48 192.168.1.2 74.125.43.147 TCP SPT=11733 DPT=80 How to do it?

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• Why is domU faster than dom0 on IO?

  - by Paco

  I have installed debian 7 on a physical machine. This is the configuration of the machine: 3 hard drives using RAID 5 Strip element size: 1M Read policy: Adaptive read ahead Write policy: Write Through /boot 200 MB ext2 / 15 GB ext3 SWAP 10GB LVM rest (~500GB) emphasized text I installed postgresql, created a big database (over 1GB). I have an SQL request that takes a lot of time to run (a SELECT statement, so it only reads data from the database). This request takes approximately 5.5 seconds to run. Then, I installed XEN, created a domU, with another debian distro. On this OS, I also installed postgresql, with the same database. The same SQL request takes only 2.5 seconds to run. I checked the kernel on both dom0 and domU. uname-a returns "Linux debian 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.41-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux" on both systems. I checked the kernel parameters, which are approximately the same. For those that are relevant, I changed their values to make them match on both systems using sysctl. I saw no changes (the requests still take the same amount of time). After this, I checked the file systems. I used ext3 on domU. Still no changes. I installed hdparm, and ran hdparm -Tt on both systems, on all my partitions on both systems, and I get similar results. Now, I am stuck, I don't know what is different, and what could be the cause of such a big difference. Additional Info: Debian runs on a Dell server PowerEdge 2950 postgresql: 9.1.9 (both dom0 and domU) xen-linux-system: 3.2.0 xen-hypervisor: 4.1 Thanks EDIT: As Krzysztof Ksiezyk suggested, it might be due to some file caching system. I ran the dd command to test both the read and write speed. Here is domU: root@test1:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/dd count=5MB bs=1MB ^C2020+0 records in 2020+0 records out 2020000000 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 18.8289 s, 107 MB/s root@test1:~# dd if=/root/dd of=/dev/null count=5MB bs=1MB 2020+0 records in 2020+0 records out 2020000000 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 15.0549 s, 134 MB/s And here is dom0: root@debian:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/dd count=5MB bs=1MB ^C1693+0 records in 1693+0 records out 1693000000 bytes (1.7 GB) copied, 8.87281 s, 191 MB/s root@debian:~# dd if=/root/dd of=/dev/null count=5MB bs=1MB 1693+0 records in 1693+0 records out 1693000000 bytes (1.7 GB) copied, 0.501509 s, 3.4 GB/s What can be the cause of this caching system? And how can we "fix" it? Can we apply it to dom0? EDIT 2: I switched my virtual disk type. To do so I followed this article. I did a dd if=/dev/vg0/test1-disk of=/mnt/test1-disk.img bs=16M Then in /etc/xen/test1.cfg, I changed the disk parameter to use file: instead of phy: it should have removed the file caching, but I still get the same numbers (domU being much faster for Postgres)

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• SSH Connection Refused - Debug using Recovery Console

  - by olrehm

  Hey everyone, I have found a ton of questions answered about debugging why one cannot connect via SSH, but they all seem to require that you can still access the system - or say that without that nothing can be done. In my case, I cannot access the system directly, but I do have access to the filesystem using a recovery console. So this is the situation: My provider made some kernel update today and in the process also rebooted my server. For some reason, I cannot connect via SSH anymore, but instead get a ssh: connect to host mydomain.de port 22: Connection refused I do not know whether sshd is just not running, or whether something (e.g. iptables) blocks my ssh connection attempts. I looked at the logfiles, none of the files in /var/log contain any mentioning on ssh, and /var/log/auth.log is empty. Before the kernel update, I could log in just fine and used certificates so that I would not need a password everytime I connect from my local machine. What I tried so far: I looked in /etc/rc*.d/ for a link to the /etc/init.d/ssh script and found none. So I am expecting that sshd is not started properly on boot. Since I cannot run any programs in my system, I cannot use update-rc to change this. I tried to make a link manually using ln -s /etc/init.d/ssh /etc/rc6.d/K09sshd and restarted the server - this did not fix the problem. I do not know wether it is at all possible to do it like this and whether it is correct to create it in rc6.d and whether the K09 is correct. I just copied that from apache. I also tried to change my /etc/iptables.rules file to allow everything: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [7468813:1758703692] :INPUT ACCEPT [7468810:1758703548] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7935933:3682829570] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [7339662:1665166559] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s localhost -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [101662:5379853] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [393275:25394346] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [393273:25394250] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 I am not sure this is done correctly or has any effect at all. I also did not find any mentioning of iptables in any file in /var/log. So what else can I do? Thank you for your help.

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• route http and ssh traffic normally, everything else via vpn tunnel

  - by Normadize

  I've read quite a bit and am close, I feel, and I'm pulling my hair out ... please help! I have an OpenVPN cliend whose server sets local routes and also changes the default gw (I know I can prevent that with --route-nopull). I'd like to have all outgoing http and ssh traffic via the local gw, and everything else via the vpn. Local IP is 192.168.1.6/24, gw 192.168.1.1. OpenVPN local IP is 10.102.1.6/32, gw 192.168.1.5 OpenVPN server is at {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} Here's the route table after openvpn connection: # ip route show table main 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static 10.102.1.1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.102.1.6 {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.6 metric 1 This makes all packets go via to the VPN tunnel except those destined for 192.168.1.0/24. Doing wget -qO- http://echoip.org shows the vpn server's address, as expected, the packets have 10.102.1.6 as source address (the vpn local ip), and are routed via tun0 ... as reported by tcpdump -i tun0 (tcpdump -i eth0 sees none of this traffic). What I tried was: create a 2nd routing table holding the 192.168.1.6/24 routing info (copied from the main table above) add an iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING rule to mark packets destined for port 80 add an ip rule to match on the mangled packet and point it to the 2nd routing table add an ip rule for to 192.168.1.6 and from 192.168.1.6 to point to the 2nd routing table (though this is superfluous) changed the ipv4 filter validation to none in net.ipv4.conf.tun0.rp_filter=0 and net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter=0 I also tried an iptables mangle output rule, iptables nat prerouting rule. It still fails and I'm not sure what I'm missing: iptables mangle prerouting: packet still goes via vpn iptables mangle output: packet times out Is it not the case that to achieve what I want, then when doing wget http://echoip.org I should change the packet's source address to 192.168.1.6 before routing it off? But if I do that, the response from the http server would be routed back to 192.168.1.6 and wget would not see it as it is still bound to tun0 (the vpn interface)? Can a kind soul please help? What commands would you execute after the openvpn connects to achieve what I want? Looking forward to hair regrowth ...

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• Which linux filesystem works best with SSD

  - by hbt

  From wiki: The vital TRIM function is supported by the Linux OS starting with 2.6.33 kernel (available early 2010). However, support amongst various filesystems is still inconsistent or not present. Proper partition alignment is also not carried out by installation software. So, which filesystem works best for SSD and supports TRIM + partition alignment during install and is available on Ubuntu?

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• Can 32-bit print drivers work on 64-bit windows?

  - by Matt

  I'm reading around and it seems that 32 bit drivers do not work under 64 bit windows. Is this true? since 32-bit applications can run under 64 bit windows it seems ridiculous that 32-bit printer drivers cannot. Are printer drivers run at the kernel level? Sounds like we're in for driver hell for our RDP environments.

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• How to turn off ATI adapter on Acer Timeline 4810G with ubuntu 9.10

  - by netimen

  I can't turn off my ATI adapter. I have applied the fix, but still lspci | grep VGA gives 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc M92 LP [Mobility Radeon HD 4300 Series] (rev ff) and my power consumption is about 15W (Wi-Fi on). I run ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic. BIOS version 2.30

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• How to direct outgoing traffic through specific interface?

  - by user1434058

  I added eth1 and eth2 to my Ubuntu Server, all 3 use DHCP and are on the same lan eth0 10.0.0.41 eth1 10.0.0.42 eth3 10.0.0.43 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default router.net 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 curl --interface eth1 www.google.com doesn't work what else do i need to do for the above to work?

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• DNS Name lookup (was SSH) Not Working After Snow Leopard Upgrade

  - by Peter Cardona

  I think this started with the Snow Leopard update. Cleaned out the .ssh directory, still having the issue. ~: uname -a Darwin california-example-com.local 10.0.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.0.0: Fri Jul 31 22:47:34 PDT 2009; root:xnu-1456.1.25~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 ~: ssh -V OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009 ~: ls -l ~/.ssh ~: nslookup nevada Server: 10.94.62.3 Address: 10.94.62.3#53 Name: nevada.example.com Address: 10.94.62.3 ~: ssh nevada ssh: Could not resolve hostname nevada: nodename nor servname provided, or not known

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• Can not get sound over hdmi in kubuntu 9.10

  - by user32509

  I have used a hdmi cable to connect my lcd (which is connected with my speakers) with my nvida 275 gtx grafic card. I can not get the sound output to work. The hardware itself is working probably - I tested it under windows. Currently I am running Kubuntu 9.10 64 with Nvidia 190.53. The sound output worked fine before I installed the hdmi connection. (German output - i can change it, if you tell me how :)) aplay -l **** Liste von PLAYBACK Geräten **** Karte 0: Intel [HDA Intel], Gerät 0: ALC889A Analog [ALC889A Analog] Untergeordnete Geräte: 1/1 Untergeordnetes Gerät '0: subdevice #0 Karte 0: Intel [HDA Intel], Gerät 1: ALC889A Digital [ALC889A Digital] Untergeordnete Geräte: 1/1 Untergeordnetes Gerät '0: subdevice #0 aplay -L front:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers iec958:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC889A Digital IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output null Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture) pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server And i disabled mute in kmix an all channels :) Edit: lspci -v ... 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device a022 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 22 Memory at ea400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [60] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [130] Root Complex Link <?> Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel ... cat /proc/asound/version Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.20. lsmod | grep snd_hda_intel snd_hda_intel 31880 2 snd_hda_codec 87584 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_pcm 93160 3 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_pcm_oss snd 77096 16 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device snd_page_alloc 10928 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm I think I am missing the something-hdmi module? Is there such a thing?

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• Linux service --status-all shows "Firewall is stopped." what service does firewall refer to?

  - by codewaggle

  I have a development server with the lamp stack running CentOS: [Prompt]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.8 (Final) [Prompt]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-308.16.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)) #1 SMP Tue Oct 2 22:50:05 EDT 2012 [Prompt]# yum info iptables Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.anl.gov * extras: centos.mirrors.tds.net * rpmfusion-free-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * rpmfusion-nonfree-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.steadfast.net Installed Packages Name : iptables Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.3.5 Release : 9.1.el5 Size : 661 k Repo : installed .... Snip.... When I run: service --status-all Part of the output looks like this: .... Snip.... httpd (pid xxxxx) is running... Firewall is stopped. Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) ....Snip.... iptables has been loaded to the kernel and is active as represented by the rules being displayed. Checking just the iptables returns the rules just like status all does: [Prompt]# service iptables status Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) .... Snip.... Starting or restarting iptables indicates that the iptables have been loaded to the kernel successfully: [Prompt]# service iptables restart Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] [Prompt]# service iptables start Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] I've googled "Firewall is stopped." and read a number of iptables guides as well as the RHEL documentation, but no luck. As far as I can tell, there isn't a "Firewall" service, so what is the line "Firewall is stopped." referring to?

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