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• Optimizing transition/movement smoothness for a 2D flash game.

  - by Tom

  Update 6: Fenomenas suggested me to re-create everything as simple as possible. I had my doubts that this would make any difference as the algorithm remains the same, and performance did not seem to be the issue. Anyway, it was the only suggestion I got so here it is: 30 FPS: http://www.feedpostal.com/test/simple/30/SimpleMovement.html 40 FPS: http://www.feedpostal.com/test/simple/40/SimpleMovement.html 60 FPS: http://www.feedpostal.com/test/simple/60/SimpleMovement.html 100 FPS: http://www.feedpostal.com/test/simple/100/SimpleMovement.html The code: package { import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.utils.getTimer; [SWF(width="800", height="600", frameRate="40", backgroundColor="#000000")] public class SimpleMovement extends Sprite { private static const TURNING_SPEED:uint = 180; private static const MOVEMENT_SPEED:uint = 400; private static const RADIAN_DIVIDE:Number = Math.PI/180; private var playerObject:Sprite; private var shipContainer:Sprite; private var moving:Boolean = false; private var turningMode:uint = 0; private var movementTimestamp:Number = getTimer(); private var turningTimestamp:Number = movementTimestamp; public function SimpleMovement() { //step 1: create player object playerObject = new Sprite(); playerObject.graphics.lineStyle(1, 0x000000); playerObject.graphics.beginFill(0x6D7B8D); playerObject.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 25, 50); //make it rotate around the center playerObject.x = 0 - playerObject.width / 2; playerObject.y = 0 - playerObject.height / 2; shipContainer = new Sprite(); shipContainer.addChild(playerObject); shipContainer.x = 100; shipContainer.y = 100; shipContainer.rotation = 180; addChild(shipContainer); //step 2: install keyboard hook when stage is ready addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, stageReady, false, 0, true); //step 3: install rendering update poll addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, updatePoller, false, 0, true); } private function updatePoller(event:Event):void { var newTime:Number = getTimer(); //turning if (turningMode != 0) { var turningDeltaTime:Number = newTime - turningTimestamp; turningTimestamp = newTime; var rotation:Number = TURNING_SPEED * turningDeltaTime / 1000; if (turningMode == 1) shipContainer.rotation -= rotation; else shipContainer.rotation += rotation; } //movement if (moving) { var movementDeltaTime:Number = newTime - movementTimestamp; movementTimestamp = newTime; var distance:Number = MOVEMENT_SPEED * movementDeltaTime / 1000; var rAngle:Number = shipContainer.rotation * RADIAN_DIVIDE; //convert degrees to radian shipContainer.x += distance * Math.sin(rAngle); shipContainer.y -= distance * Math.cos(rAngle); } } private function stageReady(event:Event):void { //install keyboard hook stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, keyDown, false, 0, true); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, keyUp, false, 0, true); } private final function keyDown(event:KeyboardEvent):void { if ((event.keyCode == 87) && (!moving)) //87 = W { movementTimestamp = getTimer(); moving = true; } if ((event.keyCode == 65) && (turningMode != 1)) //65 = A { turningTimestamp = getTimer(); turningMode = 1; } else if ((event.keyCode == 68) && (turningMode != 2)) //68 = D { turningTimestamp = getTimer(); turningMode = 2; } } private final function keyUp(event:KeyboardEvent):void { if ((event.keyCode == 87) && (moving)) moving = false; //87 = W if (((event.keyCode == 65) || (event.keyCode == 68)) && (turningMode != 0)) turningMode = 0; //65 = A, 68 = D } } } The results were as I expected. Absolutely no improvement. I really hope that someone has another suggestion as this thing needs fixing. Also, I doubt it's my system as I have a pretty good one (8GB RAM, Q9550 QuadCore intel, ATI Radeon 4870 512MB). Also, everyone else I asked so far had the same issue with my client. Update 5: another example of a smooth flash game just to demonstrate that my movement definitely is different! See http://www.spel.nl/game/bumpercraft.html Update 4: I traced the time before rendering (EVENT.RENDER) and right after rendering (EVENT.ENTER_FRAME), the results: rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 24 ms rendering took: 18 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 232 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 16 ms rendering took: 12 ms rendering took: 14 ms rendering took: 12 ms The range is 12-16 ms. During these differences, the shocking/warping/flickering movement was already going on. There is also 1 peak of 232ms, at this time there was a relatively big warp. This is however not the biggest problme, the biggest problem are the continuous small warps during normal movement. Does this give anyone a clue? Update 3: After testing, I know that the following factors are not causing my problem: Bitmap's quality - changed with photoshop to an uglier 8 colours optimized graphic, no improvement at all. Constant rotation of image while turning - disabled it, no improvement at all Browser rendering - tried to use the flash player standalone, no improvement at all I am 100% convinced that the problem lies in either my code or in my algorithm. Please, help me out. It has been almost two weeks (1 week that I asked this question on SO) now and I still have to get my golden answer. Update 1: see bottom for full flex project source and a live demo demonstrating my problem. I'm working on a 2d flash game. Player ships are created as an object: ships[id] = new GameShip(); When movement and rotation information is available, this is being directed to the corresponding ship: ships[id].setMovementMode(1); //move forward Now, within this GameShip object movement works using the "Event.ENTER_FRAME" event: addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, movementHandler); The following function is then being run: private final function movementHandler(event:Event):void { var newTimeStamp:uint = UtilLib.getTimeStamp(); //set current timeStamp var distance:Number = (newTimeStamp - movementTimeStamp) / 1000 * movementSpeed; //speed = x pixels forward every 1 second movementTimeStamp = newTimeStamp; //update old timeStamp var diagonalChange:Array = getDiagonalChange(movementAngle, distance); //the diagonal position update based on angle and distance charX += diagonalChange[0]; charY += diagonalChange[1]; if (shipContainer) { //when the container is ready to be worked with shipContainer.x = charX; shipContainer.y = charY; } } private final function getDiagonalChange(angle:Number, distance:Number):Array { var rAngle:Number = angle * Math.PI/180; //convert degrees to radian return [Math.sin(rAngle) * distance, (Math.cos(rAngle) * distance) * -1]; } When the object is no longer moving, the event listener will be removed. The same method is being used for rotation. Everything works almost perfect. I've set the project's target FPS to 100 and created a FPS counter. According to the FPS counter, the average FPS in firefox is around 100, while the top is 1000 and the bottom is 22. I think that the bottom and top FPSs are only happening during the initialization of the client (startup). The problem is that the ship appears to be almost perfectly smooth, while it should be just that without the "almost" part. It's almost as if the ship is "flickering" very very fast, you can't actually see it but it's hard to focus on the object while it's moving with your eyes. Also, every now and then, there seems to be a bit of a framerate spike, as if the client is skipping a couple of frames, you then see it quickly warp. It is very difficult to explain what the real problem is, but in general it's that the movement is not perfectly smooth. So, do you have any suggestions on how to make the movement or transition of objects perfectly smooth? Update 1: I re-created the client to demonstrate my problem. Please check it out. The client: http://feedpostal.com/test/MovementTest.html The Actionscript Project (full source): http://feedpostal.com/test/MovementTest.rar An example of a smooth flash game (not created by me): http://www.gamesforwork.com/games/swf/Mission%20Racing_august_10th_2009.swf It took me a pretty long time to recreate this client side version, I hope this will help with solving the problem. Please note: yes, it is actually pretty smooth. But it is definitely not smooth enough.

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• SDL2 sprite batching and texture atlases

  - by jms

  I have been programming a 2D game in C++, using the SDL2 graphics API for rendering. My game concept currently features effects that could result in even tens of thousands of sprites being drawn simultaneously to the screen. I'd like to know what can be done for increasing rendering efficiency if the need arises, preferably using the SDL2 API only. I have previously given a quick look at OpenGL-based 2D rendering, and noticed that SDL2 lacks a command like int SDL_RenderCopyMulti(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* texture, const SDL_Rect* srcrects, SDL_Rect* dstrects, int count) Which would permit SDL to benefit from two common techniques used for efficient 2D graphics: Texture batching: Sorting sprites by the texture used, and then simultaneously rendering as many sprites that use the same texture as possible, changing only the source area on the texture and the destination area on the render target between sprites. This allows the encapsulation of the whole operation in a single GPU command, reducing the overhead drastically from multiple distinct calls. Texture atlases: Instead of creating one texture for each frame of each animation of each sprite, combining multiple animations and even multiple sprites into a single large texture. This lessens the impact of changing the current texture when switching between sprites, as the correct texture is often ready to be used from the previous draw call. Furthemore the GPU is optimized for handling large textures, in contrast to the many tiny textures typically used for sprites. My question: Would SDL2 still get somewhat faster from any rudimentary sprite sorting or from combining multiple images into one texture thanks to automatic video driver optimizations? If I will encounter performance issues related to 2D rendering in the future, will I be forced to switch to OpenGL for lower level control over the GPU? Edit: Are there any plans to include such functionality in the near future?

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• CIC 2010 - Ghost Stories and Model Based Design

  - by warren.baird

  I was lucky enough to attend the collaboration and interoperability congress recently. The location was very beautiful and interesting, it was held in the mountains about two hours outside Denver, at the Stanley hotel, famous both for inspiring Steven King's novel "The Shining" and for attracting a lot of attention from the "Ghost Hunters" TV show. My visit was prosaic - I didn't get to experience the ghosts the locals promised - but interesting, with some very informative sessions. I noticed one main theme - a lot of people were talking about Model Based Design (MBD), which is moving design and manufacturing away from 2d drawings and towards 3d models. 2d has some pretty deep roots in industrial manufacturing and there have been a lot of challenges encountered in making the leap to 3d. One of the challenges discussed in several sessions was how to get model information out to the non-engineers in the company, which is a topic near and dear to my heart. In the 2D space, people without access to CAD software (for example, people assembling a product on the shop floor) can be given printouts of the design - it's not particularly efficient, and it definitely isn't very green, but it tends to work. There's no direct equivalent in the 3D space. One of the ways that AutoVue is used in industrial manufacturing is to provide non-CAD users with an easy to use, interactive 3D view of their products - in some cases it's directly used by people on the shop floor, but in cases where paper is really ingrained in the process, AutoVue can be used by a technical publications person to create illustrative 2D views that can be printed that show all of the details necessary to complete the work. Are you making the move to model based design? Is AutoVue helping you with your challenges? Let us know in the comments below.

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• Raleigh theme on LightDM, Ubuntu desktop, Nautilus window, menus & menu-bars

  - by Tassos Seligkas

  After performing an upgrade from Natty to Oneiric, I had a problem similar to the one reported in here at every system boot: Desktop forgets theme? Everything, from the LigthDM greeter to the ubuntu desktop used the ugly raleigh theme, apart from firefox, thunderbird few other applications after logging in. Unfortunately none of the solutions suggested in the topic above worked for me. The only way I could get acceptable appearance would be to switch to gnome at login and using the Adwaita theme. The lightdm greeter still uses the raleigh theme though. Unfortunately, I tried some "brute-force" methods by reinstalling (sudo apt-get install --reinstall) ubuntu-desktop, unity, unity-common, unity-greeter, gnome-session, gtk2-engines. I also tried moving .config, .gconf, .gconfd, .gnome, .gnome2 to a backup dir to reset account desktop preferences. None of the above solved the issue. On the contrary, logging-in to Ubuntu setup does not show unity and window decorations anymore. My fallback remains the Gnome logon and the Adwaita theme. This is my workstation machine I am hosting Ubuntu on, so, though possible, it is time consuming to perform a backup and format-reinstall ubuntu 11.10. Could you please let me know if I can get an alternative way of repairing my ubuntu desktop? (I believe it all started when, during the 11.04-to-11.10 upgrade, the installation of downloaded packages for oneiric broke when nautilus-dropbox failed to access the dropbox servers - I am behind a proxy but with proper proxy settings had no problems using apt-get & synaptic. However I removed dropbox and resumed partial installation on second boot.)

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• Apt-get saying "Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages."

  - by YatharthROCK

  TL;DR: sudo apt-get install ... saying "Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages." The problem I was trying to get the WebApps feature for PP and QQ following this blog post. I ran the sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webapps/preview command to add the repository, but i got a connection error. Since I know my current ISP gives a shaky connection, I tried again and sure enough, it worked. Then I ran sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview, but I realized we had to update apt-get first, so I hit Ctrl + C to stop it. Then I ran sudo apt-get update which worked w/o a fuss, but when I ran sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview again later, it showed an error message. Here's the dump: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: unity-webapps-preview : Depends: xul-ext-unity but it is not going to be installed Depends: xul-ext-websites-integration but it is not going to be installed Depends: xul-ext-webaccounts but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. I think this might be because of me interrupting the earlier command. It hadn't got a chance to output anything, though — I stopped it pretty fast. What I tried I have tried running a number of commands:- sudo apt-get install --fix-broken sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get -f install sudoapt-get install ppa-purgeandsudo ppa-purge ppa:webapps/preview` Even after running sudo apt-get upgrade after every try, none of them worked. Research I tried searching Google, looking at a couple of forums and searching on AU, but to no avail. Help would be appreciated.

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• Calculating a child Position, Rotation and Scale values?

  - by Sergio Plascencia

  I am making my own game editor(just for fun) anyway I have problem that I had several days trying to resolve but I have been unsuccessful. Here goes... I have an object "A": Position: (3,3,3), Rotation: (45,10,0), Scale(1,2,2.5) And an object "B": Position: (1,1,1), Rotation: (10,34,18), Scale(1.5,2,1) I now make a parent/child relationship. "B" is a child of "A": A |--B When I do the relationship I need to re-calculate the Child("B") Position, Rotation and Scale such that it maintains its current position, rotation and scale(Location in world). So for child position "B" it would now be (-2, -2, -2) since now "A" it is center and (-2, -2, -2) will keep the object in its same position. I think I got the Position and scale figure out, but rotation I cant. So I was trying to figure out what to do and what I did is opened Unity and run the same example and I did noticed that when making an abject a child object the child object did not moved at all but had its Position, Rotation and Scale values changed(Related to the parent). For example: Unity (Parent Object "A"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (45,10,0) Scale: (1,1,1) Unity (Child Object "B"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (0,0,0) Scale: (1,1,1) When making it a parent child relation("B" is a child of "A") the child object("B") in its Rotation values now has: X: -44.13605 Y: -14.00195 Z: 9.851074 If I plug the same values to my editor(To the child "B" rotation X, Y, Z values) the object does not move at all. So I basically need to know how did Unity arrive at those rotation values for the child(What are the calculations?). If you can help and put all the equations for the Position, Rotation or Scale then I can double check I am doing it correctly but with the Rotation I really need help. Thanks!

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• DPKG errors after upgrade to 12.10

  - by James Wulfe

  So I was doing fine then i upgraded my system to 12.10 and now i cant get my system to update all of its packages properly. no matter what i do, cleaning apt cache, manual install using dpkg, etc, i just cant get them to install. what is happening here and how do i fix this. if i would have thought 12.10 would be this much of a hassle i would have never upgraded..... here is a sampling of the code that returns from "apt-get -f install" Preparing to replace usb-modeswitch-data 20120120-0ubuntu1 (using .../usb-modeswitch-data_20120815-1_all.deb) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/usb-modeswitch-data.prerm: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/info/usb-modeswitch-data.prerm: dpkg-maintscript-helper: Input/output error dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ... /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/prerm: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/prerm: dpkg-maintscript-helper: Input/output error dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/usb-modeswitch-data_20120815-1_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 2 /var/lib/dpkg/info/usb-modeswitch-data.postinst: 7: /var/lib/dpkg/info/usb-modeswitch-data.postinst: dpkg-maintscript-helper: Input/output error dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/network-manager_0.9.6.0-0ubuntu7_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/pcmciautils_018-8_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/unity-common_6.10.0-0ubuntu2_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/whoopsie_0.2.7_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/usb-modeswitch_1.2.3+repack0-1ubuntu3_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/usb-modeswitch-data_20120815-1_all.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) It is also just these 6 packages only. no other packages have given me this kind of trouble. well i should say as of now. It was just 5, but them i got an update for unity, and now unity-common is added to the trouble makers. which prevents me from further upgrading the actual unity package as this package is a dependancy.....

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• Calculating a child object's Position, Rotation and Scale values?

  - by Sergio Plascencia

  I am making my own game editor, but have encountered the following problem: I have two objects, A and B. A's initial values: Position: (3,3,3), Rotation: (45,10,0), Scale(1,2,2.5) B's initial values: Position: (1,1,1), Rotation: (10,34,18), Scale(1.5,2,1) If I now make B a child of A, I need to re-calculate the B's Position, Rotation and Scale relative to A such that it maintains its current position, rotation and scale in world coordinates. So B's position would now be (-2, -2, -2) since now A is its center and (-2, -2, -2) will keep B in the same position. I think I got the Position and scale figured out, but not rotation. So I opened Unity and ran the same example and I noticed that when making a child object, the child object did not move at all. but had its Position, Rotation and Scale values changed relative to the parent. For example: Unity (Parent Object "A"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (45,10,0) Scale: (1,1,1) Unity (Child Object "B"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (0,0,0) Scale: (1,1,1) When B becomes a child of A, it's rotation values become: X: -44.13605 Y: -14.00195 Z: 9.851074 If I plug the same rotation values into the B object in my editor, the object does not move at all. How did Unity arrive at those rotation values for the child? What are the calculations? If you can put all the equations for the Position, Rotation or Scale then I can double check I am doing it correctly but the Rotation is what I really need.

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• How can I triple boot Xubuntu, Ubuntu and Windows?

  - by ag.restringere

  Triple Booting Xubuntu, Ubuntu and Windows I'm an avid Xubuntu (Ubuntu + XFCE) user but I also dual boot with Windows XP. I originally created 3 partitions and wanted to use the empty one as a storage volume but now I want to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (the one with Unity) to do advanced testing and packaging. Ideally I would love to keep these two totally separate as I had problems in the past with conflicts between Unity and XFCE. This way I could wipe the Ubuntu w/ Unity installation if there are problems and really mess around with it. My disk looks like this: /dev/sda1 -- Windows XP /dev/sda2 -- Disk /dev/sda: 200.0 GB, 200049647616 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24321 cylinders, total 390721968 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 78139454 39069696 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 78141440 156280831 39069696 83 Linux /dev/sda3 156282878 386533375 115125249 5 Extended /dev/sda4 386533376 390721535 2094080 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda5 156282880 386533375 115125248 83 Linux Keep each in it's own partition and totally separate and be able to select from each of the three systems from the GRUB boot menu... sda1 --- [Windows XP] sda2 --- [Ubuntu 12.04] "Unity" sda3(4,5) -- [Xubuntu 12.02] "Primary XFCE" What is the safest and easiest way to do this without messing my system up and requiring invasive activity?

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• Angle between two 2d vectors, diff between two methods?

  - by Sean Ochoa

  Hey all. I've got this code snippet, and I'm wondering why the results of the first method differ from the results of the second method, given the same input? public double AngleBetween_1(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = a.Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return Math.Acos(divOperation) * (180.0 / Math.PI); } public double AngleBetween_2(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = a.Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return (1/Math.Cos(divOperation)) * (180.0 / Math.PI); }

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• C# - Angle between two 2d vectors, diff between two methods?

  - by Sean Ochoa

  Hey all. I've got this code snippet, and I'm wondering why the results of the first method differ from the results of the second method, given the same input? public double AngleBetween_1(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return Math.Acos(divOperation) * (180.0 / Math.PI); } public double AngleBetween_2(vector a, vector b) { var dotProd = a.Dot(b); var lenProd = Len*b.Len; var divOperation = dotProd/lenProd; return (1/Math.Cos(divOperation)) * (180.0 / Math.PI); }

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• Non recursive way to position a genogram in 2D points for x axis. Descendant are below

  - by Nassign

  I currently was tasked to make a genogram for a family consisting of siblings, parents with aunts and uncles with grandparents and greatgrandparents for only blood relatives. My current algorithm is using recursion. but I am wondering how to do it in non recursive way to make it more efficient. it is programmed in c# using graphics to draw on a bitmap. Current algorithm for calculating x position, the y position is by getting the generation number. public void StartCalculatePosition() { // Search the start node (The only node with targetFlg set to true) Person start = null; foreach (Person p in PersonDic.Values) { if (start == null) start = p; if (p.Targetflg) { start = p; break; } } CalcPositionRecurse(start); // Normalize the position (shift all values to positive value) // Get the minimum value (must be negative) // Then offset the position of all marriage and person with that to make it start from zero float minPosition = float.MaxValue; foreach (Person p in PersonDic.Values) { if (minPosition > p.Position) { minPosition = p.Position; } } if (minPosition < 0) { foreach (Person p in PersonDic.Values) { p.Position -= minPosition; } foreach (Marriage m in MarriageList) { m.ParentsPosition -= minPosition; m.ChildrenPosition -= minPosition; } } } /// <summary> /// Calculate position of genogram using recursion /// </summary> /// <param name="psn"></param> private void CalcPositionRecurse(Person psn) { // End the recursion if (psn.BirthMarriage == null || psn.BirthMarriage.Parents.Count == 0) { psn.Position = 0.0f; if (psn.BirthMarriage != null) { psn.BirthMarriage.ParentsPosition = 0.0f; psn.BirthMarriage.ChildrenPosition = 0.0f; } CalculateSiblingPosition(psn); return; } // Left recurse if (psn.Father != null) { CalcPositionRecurse(psn.Father); } // Right recurse if (psn.Mother != null) { CalcPositionRecurse(psn.Mother); } // Merge Position if (psn.Father != null && psn.Mother != null) { AdjustConflict(psn.Father, psn.Mother); // Position person in center of parent psn.Position = (psn.Father.Position + psn.Mother.Position) / 2; psn.BirthMarriage.ParentsPosition = psn.Position; psn.BirthMarriage.ChildrenPosition = psn.Position; } else { // Single mom or single dad if (psn.Father != null) { psn.Position = psn.Father.Position; psn.BirthMarriage.ParentsPosition = psn.Position; psn.BirthMarriage.ChildrenPosition = psn.Position; } else if (psn.Mother != null) { psn.Position = psn.Mother.Position; psn.BirthMarriage.ParentsPosition = psn.Position; psn.BirthMarriage.ChildrenPosition = psn.Position; } else { // Should not happen, checking in start of function } } // Arrange the siblings base on my position (left younger, right older) CalculateSiblingPosition(psn); } private float GetRightBoundaryAncestor(Person psn) { float rPos = psn.Position; // Get the rightmost position among siblings foreach (Person sibling in psn.Siblings) { if (sibling.Position > rPos) { rPos = sibling.Position; } } if (psn.Father != null) { float rFatherPos = GetRightBoundaryAncestor(psn.Father); if (rFatherPos > rPos) { rPos = rFatherPos; } } if (psn.Mother != null) { float rMotherPos = GetRightBoundaryAncestor(psn.Mother); if (rMotherPos > rPos) { rPos = rMotherPos; } } return rPos; } private float GetLeftBoundaryAncestor(Person psn) { float rPos = psn.Position; // Get the rightmost position among siblings foreach (Person sibling in psn.Siblings) { if (sibling.Position < rPos) { rPos = sibling.Position; } } if (psn.Father != null) { float rFatherPos = GetLeftBoundaryAncestor(psn.Father); if (rFatherPos < rPos) { rPos = rFatherPos; } } if (psn.Mother != null) { float rMotherPos = GetLeftBoundaryAncestor(psn.Mother); if (rMotherPos < rPos) { rPos = rMotherPos; } } return rPos; } /// <summary> /// Check if two parent group has conflict and compensate on the conflict /// </summary> /// <param name="leftGroup"></param> /// <param name="rightGroup"></param> public void AdjustConflict(Person leftGroup, Person rightGroup) { float leftMax = GetRightBoundaryAncestor(leftGroup); leftMax += 0.5f; float rightMin = GetLeftBoundaryAncestor(rightGroup); rightMin -= 0.5f; float diff = leftMax - rightMin; if (diff > 0.0f) { float moveHalf = Math.Abs(diff) / 2; RecurseMoveAncestor(leftGroup, 0 - moveHalf); RecurseMoveAncestor(rightGroup, moveHalf); } } /// <summary> /// Recursively move a person and all his/her ancestor /// </summary> /// <param name="psn"></param> /// <param name="moveUnit"></param> public void RecurseMoveAncestor(Person psn, float moveUnit) { psn.Position += moveUnit; foreach (Person siblings in psn.Siblings) { if (siblings.Id != psn.Id) { siblings.Position += moveUnit; } } if (psn.BirthMarriage != null) { psn.BirthMarriage.ChildrenPosition += moveUnit; psn.BirthMarriage.ParentsPosition += moveUnit; } if (psn.Father != null) { RecurseMoveAncestor(psn.Father, moveUnit); } if (psn.Mother != null) { RecurseMoveAncestor(psn.Mother, moveUnit); } } /// <summary> /// Calculate the position of the siblings /// </summary> /// <param name="psn"></param> /// <param name="anchor"></param> public void CalculateSiblingPosition(Person psn) { if (psn.Siblings.Count == 0) { return; } List<Person> sibling = psn.Siblings; int argidx; for (argidx = 0; argidx < sibling.Count; argidx++) { if (sibling[argidx].Id == psn.Id) { break; } } // Compute position for each brother that is younger that person int idx; for (idx = argidx - 1; idx >= 0; idx--) { sibling[idx].Position = sibling[idx + 1].Position - 1; } for (idx = argidx + 1; idx < sibling.Count; idx++) { sibling[idx].Position = sibling[idx - 1].Position + 1; } }

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• C#, XNA, How to select image minialization filter in 2D mode?

  - by Kaminari

  The problem is that I can't select minimalization filter for Texture2D scaling. There is MinFilter GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0].MinFilter But it's not working. When I try to assign some filter it just changes back to the Linear. Is there a way to implement my own filter or how to select one of the available?

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• Recommendations for a simple 2D graphics python library that can output to screen and pdf?

  - by Blue

  Hello: I'm looking for an easy-to-use graphics lib for python that can output to screen as well as pdf. So, I would use code to draw some stuff (simple prims like ovals, rectangles, lines and points) to screen and then when things look good, have it output to pdf. Make sense? Thanks! Blue

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• Simple XNA 2D demo: why is my F# version slower than C# version?

  - by Den

  When running this XNA application it should display a rotated rectangle that moves from top-left corner to bottom-right corner. It looks like my F# version is noticeably much slower. It seems that the Draw method skips a lot of frames. I am using VS 2012 RC, XNA 4.0, .NET 4.5, F# 3.0. I am trying to make it as functional as possible. What could be the reason for poor performance? C#: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (var game = new FlockGame()) { game.Run(); } } } public class FlockGame : Game { private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; private DrawingManager drawingManager; private Vector2 position = Vector2.Zero; public FlockGame() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); } protected override void Initialize() { drawingManager = new DrawingManager(graphics.GraphicsDevice); this.IsFixedTimeStep = false; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { position = new Vector2(position.X + 50.1f * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds, position.Y + 50.1f * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds); base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { //this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Lavender) drawingManager.DrawRectangle(position, new Vector2(100.0f, 100.0f), 0.7845f, Color.Red); base.Draw(gameTime); } } public class DrawingManager { private GraphicsDevice GraphicsDevice; private Effect Effect; public DrawingManager(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { GraphicsDevice = graphicsDevice; this.Effect = new BasicEffect(this.GraphicsDevice) { VertexColorEnabled = true, Projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0.0f, this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) }; } private VertexPositionColor[] GetRectangleVertices (Vector2 center, Vector2 size, float radians, Color color) { var halfSize = size/2.0f; var topLeft = -halfSize; var bottomRight = halfSize; var topRight = new Vector2(bottomRight.X, topLeft.Y); var bottomLeft = new Vector2(topLeft.X, bottomRight.Y); topLeft = Vector2.Transform(topLeft, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center; topRight = Vector2.Transform(topRight, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center; bottomRight = Vector2.Transform(bottomRight, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center; bottomLeft = Vector2.Transform(bottomLeft, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center; return new VertexPositionColor[] { new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topLeft, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topRight, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topRight, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomRight, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomRight, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomLeft, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomLeft, 0.0f), color), new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topLeft, 0.0f), color) }; } public void DrawRectangle(Vector2 center, Vector2 size, float radians, Color color) { var vertices = GetRectangleVertices(center, size, radians, color); foreach (var pass in this.Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); this.GraphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.LineList, vertices, 0, vertices.Length/2); } } } F#: namespace Flocking module FlockingProgram = open System open Flocking [<STAThread>] [<EntryPoint>] let Main _ = use g = new FlockGame() g.Run() 0 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace Flocking open System open System.Diagnostics open Microsoft.Xna.Framework open Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics open Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input type public FlockGame() as this = inherit Game() let mutable graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this) let mutable drawingManager = null let mutable position = Vector2.Zero override Game.LoadContent() = drawingManager <- new Rendering.DrawingManager(graphics.GraphicsDevice) this.IsFixedTimeStep <- false override Game.Update gameTime = position <- Vector2(position.X + 50.1f * float32 gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds, position.Y + 50.1f * float32 gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds) base.Update gameTime override Game.Draw gameTime = //this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Lavender) Rendering.DrawRectangle(drawingManager, position, Vector2(100.0f, 100.0f), 0.7845f, Color.Red) base.Draw gameTime //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace Flocking open System open System.Collections.Generic open Microsoft.Xna.Framework open Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics open Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input module Rendering = [<AllowNullLiteral>] type DrawingManager (graphicsDevice : GraphicsDevice) = member this.GraphicsDevice = graphicsDevice member this.Effect = new BasicEffect(this.GraphicsDevice, VertexColorEnabled = true, Projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0.0f, float32 this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, float32 this.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)) let private GetRectangleVertices (center:Vector2, size:Vector2, radians:float32, color:Color) = let halfSize = size / 2.0f let mutable topLeft = -halfSize let mutable bottomRight = halfSize let mutable topRight = new Vector2(bottomRight.X, topLeft.Y) let mutable bottomLeft = new Vector2(topLeft.X, bottomRight.Y) topLeft <- Vector2.Transform(topLeft, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center topRight <- Vector2.Transform(topRight, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center bottomRight <- Vector2.Transform(bottomRight, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center bottomLeft <- Vector2.Transform(bottomLeft, Matrix.CreateRotationZ(radians)) + center [| new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topLeft, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topRight, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topRight, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomRight, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomRight, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomLeft, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(bottomLeft, 0.0f), color) new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(topLeft, 0.0f), color) |] let DrawRectangle (drawingManager:DrawingManager, center:Vector2, size:Vector2, radians:float32, color:Color) = let vertices = GetRectangleVertices(center, size, radians, color) for pass in drawingManager.Effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes do pass.Apply() drawingManager.GraphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.LineList, vertices, 0, vertices.Length/2)

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• How to simplify my code... 2D NSArray in Objective C...?

  - by Tattat

  self.myArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [self d], [self generateMySecretObject],nil], [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [self generateMySecretObject], [self generateMySecretObject],nil],nil]; for (int k=0; k<[self.myArray count]; k++) { for(int s = 0; s<[[self.myArray objectAtIndex:k] count]; s++){ [[[self.myArray objectAtIndex:k] objectAtIndex:s] setAttribute:[self generateSecertAttribute]]; } } As you can see this is a simple 2*2 array, but it takes me lots of code to assign the NSArray in very first place, because I found that the NSArray can't assign the size at very beginning. Also, I want to set attribute one by one. I can't think of if my array change to 10*10. How long it could be. So, I hope you guys can give me some suggestions on shorten the code, and more readable. thz

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• Simplest way to match 2d array of keys/strings to search in perl?

  - by Ben Dauphinee

  Related to my previous question (found here), I want to be able to implement the answers given with a 2 dimensional array, instead of one dimensional. Reference Array row[1][0]: 13, row[1][1]: Sony row[0][0]: 19, row[0][1]: Canon row[2][0]: 25, row[2][1]: HP Search String: Sony's Cyber-shot DSC-S600 End Result: 13

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• How to draw a rounded rectangle in Core Graphics / Quartz 2D?

  - by mystify

  I need to draw an outline for a rounded rectangle. I know I can make lines and arcs, but maybe there is also a function for rounded rects?

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• Easiest way to remove Keys from a 2D Array?

  - by dbemerlin

  Hi, I have an Array that looks like this: array( 0 => array( 'key1' => 'a', 'key2' => 'b', 'key3' => 'c' ), 1 => array( 'key1' => 'c', 'key2' => 'b', 'key3' => 'a' ), ... ) I need a function to get an array containing just a (variable) number of keys, i.e. reduce_array(array('key1', 'key3')); should return: array( 0 => array( 'key1' => 'a', 'key3' => 'c' ), 1 => array( 'key1' => 'c', 'key3' => 'a' ), ... ) What is the easiest way to do this? If possible without any additional helper function like array_filter or array_map as my coworkers already complain about me using too many functions. The source array will always have the given keys so it's not required to check for existance. Bonus points if the values are unique (the keys will always be related to each other, meaning that if key1 has value a then the other key(s) will always have value b). My current solution which works but is quite clumsy (even the name is horrible but can't find a better one): function get_unique_values_from_array_by_keys(array $array, array $keys) { $result = array(); $found = array(); if (count($keys) > 0) { foreach ($array as $item) { if (in_array($item[$keys[0]], $found)) continue; array_push($found, $item[$keys[0]]); $result_item = array(); foreach ($keys as $key) { $result_item[$key] = $item[$key]; } array_push($result, $result_item); } } return $result; } Addition: PHP Version is 5.1.6.

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• iPhone - Drawing 2D with OpenGL ES, fast and simple.

  - by Johannes Jensen

  I'm going to make a game for the iPhone, and I'm mostly going to be using images. I've read that using Quartz only is slow for actual games with high frame rates, so I was wondering if you guys had any good ideas for using OpenGL for rendering a game scene? I'm going to be using a lot of images, and I want to be able to freely rotate them. I've looked at Apple's examples GLSprite and GLPaint, but I don't really see anything I could use. All I want to do is be able to render images at specific positions, and want to be able to rotate them. I'm a noob at OpenGL, but I know Quartz.

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• iPhone: Is Quartz 2D the only way to generate PDF files?

  - by Rick

  I can't convert an HTML file for example?

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• Dividing a 9x9 2d array into 9 sub-grids (like in sudoku)? (C++)

  - by kevin

  I'm trying to code a sudoku solver, and the way I attempted to do so was to have a 9x9 grid of pointers that hold the address of "set" objects that posses either the solution or valid possible values. I was able to go through the array with 2 for loops, through each column first and then going to the next row and repeating. However, I'm having a hard time imagining how I would designate which sub-grid (or box, block etc) a specific cell belongs to. My initial impression was to have if statements in the for loops, such as if row < 2 (rows start at 0) & col < 2 then we're in the 1st block, but that seems to get messy. Would there be a better way of doing this?

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• How to simplify my code... 2D array in Objective C...?

  - by Tattat

  self.myArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [self d], [self generateMySecretObject],nil], [NSArray arrayWithObjects: [self generateMySecretObject], [self generateMySecretObject],nil],nil]; for (int k=0; k<[self.myArray count]; k++) { for(int s = 0; s<[[self.myArray objectAtIndex:k] count]; s++){ [[[self.myArray objectAtIndex:k] objectAtIndex:s] setAttribute:[self generateSecertAttribute]]; } } As you can see this is a simple 2*2 array, but it takes me lots of code to assign the NSArray in very first place, because I found that the NSArray can't assign the size at very beginning. Also, I want to set attribute one by one. I can't think of if my array change to 10*10. How long it could be. So, I hope you guys can give me some suggestions on shorten the code, and more readable. thz

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• Interface Builder vs Cocos 2D - how choice the best for your app.

  - by baDa

  Hello everyone! I was a flash developer for 3 years, and in the last 5 months, i begin the iphone development, i do 2 applications with interface builder for clients, and now i really want to do a little game, is quite simple, one match 3! I made the engine in interface builder, and seens good to me! But after i read some posts, i really want to try it in the cocos2D! So, in 2 days i rewrite all my first engine for cocos2D, very annoying upsidedown coordinates but ok, i really do! But the performance side by side with interface builder version is really scare! Many Many slow downs at the cocos2d side! And the animation seens bugged to me! I really scare! I really don't know what is the best choice for a simple game. And i want some opinions: Using cocos2d when need some physics? When we have many objects at screen? What is the performance boost i have with cocos2D? I have how to share this 2 applications with you guys?! Without your UID?!

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• How to use a TFileStream to read 2D matrices into dynamic array?

  - by Robert Frank

  I need to read a large (2000x2000) matrix of binary data from a file into a dynamic array with Delphi 2010. I don't know the dimensions until run-time. I've never read raw data like this, and don't know IEEE so I'm posting this to see if I'm on track. I plan to use a TFileStream to read one row at a time. I need to be able to read as many of these formats as possible: 16-bit two's complement binary integer 32-bit two's complement binary integer 64-bit two's complement binary integer IEEE single precision floating-point For 32-bit two's complement, I'm thinking something like the code below. Changing to Int64 and Int16 should be straight forward. How can I read the IEEE? Am I on the right track? Any suggestions on this code, or how to elegantly extend it for all 4 data types above? Since my post-processing will be the same after reading this data, I guess I'll have to copy the matrix into a common format when done. I have no problem just having four procedures (one for each data type) like the one below, but perhaps there's an elegant way to use RTTI or buffers and then move()'s so that the same code works for all 4 datatypes? Thanks! type TRowData = array of Int32; procedure ReadMatrix; var Matrix: array of TRowData; NumberOfRows: Cardinal; NumberOfCols: Cardinal; CurRow: Integer; begin NumberOfRows := 20; // not known until run time NumberOfCols := 100; // not known until run time SetLength(Matrix, NumberOfRows); for CurRow := 0 to NumberOfRows do begin SetLength(Matrix[CurRow], NumberOfCols); FileStream.ReadBuffer(Matrix[CurRow], NumberOfCols * SizeOf(Int32)) ); end; end;

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