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• Network cabling with multiple patch panels?

  - by dannymcc

  I am in the very early stages of planning a network cabling upgrade in our office, mainly to upgrade the old cables from Cat5 to either 5e or 6. I am also planning on upgrading all of our 10/100 switches to 10/100/1000 switches. I would like to have three small wall mounted cabinets spread around the building, each with a patch panel and switch. These would all lead back to our server room. The question is; should I have two patch panels in each wall cabinet, one with 24 or 48 ports that are connected to a matching patch panel in the server room. The second patch panel would then link to each device in that cabinets area. Then I wouldn't put a switch in the small cabinets. All switching would be done in the server room. Or, should I have one main cable from the server room to each of the cabinets - plugged straight into the switch and the patch panel is for devices in the cabinets area? I hope that makes sense!

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• Getting a TTY in a Connectback Shell

  - by Asad R.

  I'm often asked by friends to help with small Linux problems, and more often than not I'm required to login to the remote system. Usually there are a lot of issues with making an account and logging in (sometimes the box is behind a NAT device, sometimes SSHD isn't installed, etc.) so I usually just ask them to make a connect-back shell using netcat (nc -e /bin/bash ). If they don't have netcat I can just ask them to grab a copy of a statically compiled binary which isn't that hard or time consuming to download and run. Though this works well enough for me to enter simple commands, I can't run any apps that require a tty (vi, for example) and can't use any job control functions. I managed to bypass this issue by running in.telnetd with a few arguments within the connect-back shell that would assign me a terminal and drop me to a shell. Unfortunately in.telnetd isn't usually installed by default on most systems. What's the easiest way to get a fully functional connect-back terminal shell without requiring any non-standard packages? (A small C program that does the job would be fine as well, I just can't seem to find much documentation on how a TTY is assigned/allocated. A solution that doesn't require me to plough through the source code for SSHD and TELNETD would be nice :))

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• Looking for a short term solution to improve website performance with additional server

  - by Tanim Mirza

  I am working with a small team to run an internal website running with PHP 5.3.9, MySQL 5.0.77. All the files and database are hosted on a dedicated Linux machine with the following configuration: Intel Xeon E5450 8 CPU cores @3.00GHz, 2992.498 MHz, Cache 6148 KB, Cent OS – Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 We started small and then the database got bigger and now the website performance degraded significantly. We often get server space overrun, mysql overloaded with too many calls, etc. We don't have much experience dealing with these issues. We recently got another server that we were thinking to use to improve performance. Since it has better configuration, some of us wanted to completely move everything to the new machine. But I am trying to find out how we can utilize both machine for optimized performance. I found options such as MySQL clustering, Load balancer, etc. I was wondering if I could get any suggestion for this situation "How to utilize two machines in short term for best performance", that would be great. By short term we are looking for something that we can deploy in a month or so. Thanks in advance for your time.

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• eee box "drobpox" server 24/7

  - by microspino

  I'd like to create a mini dropbox and print server on a small soho network of 5 users (all of them use windows XP desktops). The device need to run 24/7 or at least 12/7 (I can accept just workday hours too but the other two options would be better). Dropbox mini server: I mean I will have a 90gb dropbox on every computer on my network LAN syncing with It and the one onto It syncing to the web. Print Server: I have a Samsung A4 small laser printer, a HP500 Designjet Plotter, a Samsung Multifunction Machine (fax/print/scan/copy), a modern HP color A3 Deskjet printer and a HP laserjet A4 color printer. All of them need to be connected to this mini server. Fax/Scan server: since I have the above mentioned fax/print/scan/copy machine I would like to make people use It from/to their computers through the mini server. I thought to a recent EEEBOX machine because I heard good things about ATOM cpus and because It seems that a recent BIOS version could switch It off and on autonomously. I'd like to listen some advice from You. Best of all would be: - If You have something similar running for a long time - If You disagree with this hardware choice and If You would suggest some other device. - If You see any issues with my printing setup - Anything else ;) My budget is from Zero (using right sw to build something on top on a old PC) to 500€ max.

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• Getting started with webserver clustering.

  - by Ernie

  I work for a small ISP, and we host about 250 domains and all the stuff that goes along with that: DNS, mail, spam filtering, and backups. Currently, we have separate DNS servers (two of them) and mail servers (outgoing mail is actually on the secondary DNS server, but was previously on its own server). In the past, this was done as an insurance measure. The last thing we need is for some doofus (usually yours truly) to hose a server, taking out DNS and mail right along with it, or for spammers to jam our incoming SMTP server, preventing outgoing mail from being sent too. In the past, this was a problem, and our servers were set up the way they are now to combat it. However, clustering solutions like Sun's Cobalt RAQ (in days of olde) and Virtualmin appear to cater to an all-in-one approach, then deal with failures through redundant servers. I have avoided this thus far, but we've been using Virtualmin on our web server for a while now, and I'd like to expand into using it for a high availability cluster. Our networking partner has recently built a datacenter that has eliminated all of our other bugaboos like network, cooling, and power issues, so now the only thing left to go wrong is me hosing a server, which happened earlier this month. One of the bigger reasons we've avoided going this route is because our hardware requirements aren't particularly high. One server easily handles all the sites we host (most of them are flat sites). Also, load-balancing routers tend to be expensive and complicated. All that I'm really expecting to do is building a two-node cluster for redundancy so that when I hose a server (however rare that might be), we're not out for 8-12 hours while I rebuild it. What I need to know is how to get started, and if I'm really in a position to bother with this kind of thing at all.

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• hardlinking takes a lot of space

  - by mr_schlomo

  I made an rsync incremental backup script for my server that will copy a MySQL database backup and a specified folder path to a remote server. Here's the code on Github. Code excerpt from lines 53-57: ############### Create most current hand link echo "Creating most current hard link on backup server $most_recent_backup_link" ssh $remote_backup_server rm -rf ${most_recent_backup_link} ssh $remote_backup_server cp -alv ${remote_backup_folder}/backup-${backup_folder_name}/ ${most_recent_backup_link} I'm having a problem with creating the most current hard links on the backup server (lines 53-57 in the program). Everything works, and rsync only copies about 1-2MB of data. But the hard link copy process uses about 30MB of data. I get a huge laundry list of files that haven't changed and the only ones that have changed are very small in size. Normally this isn't a problem, but when you backup every hour, the backup should be as small as possible. For example, the last backup I did, rsync transferred 1.3MB. But the backup directory grew 35MB. Why are the hard links taking up so much hard drive space?

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• How have multiple web servers and IPs on the same physical network

  - by jsigned

  I do web development out of a small office and need to have multiple physical and virtual servers that can be accessed from the internet. I also have a number of devices (computers, laptops, tablets, printers, etc) that need connections as well. I have gotten a subnet of 8 IP's from my ISP and while that is adequate for the web servers its far too small for everything that needs access to the network. My router is an ASUS RT-N16 running DD-WRT. I'm just smart enough about this routing topic to be dangerous, think 2 year old with a magic marker. I would like to keep my internal network NAT'ed on the 192.168.x.x network and route the 68.69.x.x 255.255.255.248 traffic directly to the servers. The physical network consists of the 4 port DD-WRT router and an unmanaged gig switch. I have a fiber connection to the office that works as an Ethernet port. In other words I can plug my laptop directly into it and have access to the internet. There is no login or password and the router is setup to get DHCP from the ISP, and to provide DHCP addresses for the internal network. What I've done so far is google and try different configurations with little success. In the end I decided I didn't even know how to ask the questions needed. My questions are: Is this the best way to configure the network? How do you do it? VLANs? Multiple routers? I've never had to configure a router using anything more than the GUI so if this is command line stuff be gentle.

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• An easily customizable linux distribution using minimal disk space?

  - by Frank

  I'm looking for a linux distribution that can be easily used to create my own distribution that's the same system with some software installed. So basically I should be able to create an iso which, when installed, will have the linux distribution with my desired installed. More specifically, I plan on installing mysql and a bit of my own software which shouldn't be too big. However, this distribution needs to be extremely small in terms of disk space. The distribution, including mysql should not exceed 100mb. It should, of course still be able to connect to the internet and perform other standard functions. I don't need X/any sort of window manager, and would prefer not to have it since it would increase disk usage. Currently I have tried ttylinux and tiny core linux. I've found that ttylinux, while is extremely small, has almost nothing so that mysql can't even be installed. Tiny core linux, on the other hand is a bit too big. I've found openembedded and linux from scratch, but I would prefer for the install and build process to be much easier. What other distribution would you recommend for my purposes? Minimizing disk usage is the most important, followed by ease of installing and creating the custom distribution.

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• 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable

  - by Porch

  I setup a small box with Server 2003 64bit to be used as a webserver and email server for a small school. Real simple stuff for a few users. A simple website and a handful of emails. rDNS and spf records setup and pass every test I found including test at dnsstuff.com. Email sending to almost every email address (google, hotmail, aol, whatever) works. However, with one domain, I get an bounce back with the error. 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable It's another school running Exchange judging from some packet sniffing with WireShark. Every email on this domain I have tried sending to gives this error. The email address is valid as I can send to it from my personal, and gmail account without a problem. Does anyone know of some anti-spam software that gives an 550 error like the above? What else could this be? Thanks for any suggestions. Packet capture of the two servers communicating look like this. 220 <server snip> Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service, Version: 6.0.3790.3959 ready at Sat, 2 Oct 2010 12:48:17 -0700 EHLO <email snip> 250-<server snip> Hello [<ip snip>] 250-TURN 250-SIZE 250-ETRN 250-XXXXXXXXXX 250-DSN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8bitmime 250-BINARYMIME 250-XXXXXXXX 250-VRFY 250-X-EXPS GSSAPI NTLM LOGIN 250-X-EXPS=LOGIN 250-AUTH GSSAPI NTLM LOGIN 250-AUTH=LOGIN 250-X-LINK2STATE 250-XXXXXXX 250 OK MAIL FROM: <email snip> 250 2.1.0 <email snip>....Sender OK RCPT TO:<email snip> 250 2.1.5 <email snip> DATA 354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF> <email body here> . 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable QUIT 221 Goodbye

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• What are best practices on virtual lab/test bed architecture?

  - by WooYek

  I am currently preparing a new small virtual environment for development and testing with Windows Server + SQL Server + AD + Sharepoint + Exchange + IIS(ASP.NET) + Biztalk + ?, for a small (up to 5) dev team. What are pros and cons on different approaches, eg. splitting up over different machines or packing everything up per machine. I your experience what are the best practices I should follow in terms of architecture and various system/servers placement. What to share and what to split per person. I would like to achieve some flexibility for the dev and testing process (so teammebers would not be steeping on each other's toes) and limit administrative effort needed to propagate settings, integrate work items and revert changes when something breaks up. It's not supposed to be an everyday development working environment, more a tier 2 developer testing environment, and not yet an integration or QA testing environment with formal change process. IMO the two borderline solutions are: creating one all-inclusive machine for each dev team member giving them freedom to manage creating shared environment managed by the one with somehow formalized change request process What golden mean would you recommend, and why?

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• Looking for an application that scrolls or pans netbook screens running Windows

  - by Rob

  I'm looking for a Windows 7 and XP compatible Windows desktop panning/scrolling tool. This is to solve a problem where some applications for example MSN have settings/preference Windows that are not resizeable. I have a Netbook with a small maximum screen resolution e.g. 1024x600. The fixed non-resizeable windows are too large for this display screen size so I cannot see all of the items on these windows, particularly the OK button to save settings. What I would like is a desktop scrolling/panning tool where if I move my mouse pointer to any edge of the display, it pans to show the region of the too-large-fixed window that I could not see. I use a Samsung N110 and Toshiba NB100 netbooks. I'm looking for: A general program that provides desktop panning/scrolling/expanded resolution to allow all regions of a non-resizeable fixed window Preferably a non-graphics hardware specific program but will accept a solution that works with both the above machines I'm NOT looking for (i.e. unsatisfactory answers others have asked that I've already searched and found): Advice on what programs to use that DON'T have the problem of fixed windows Alternative operating system solutions Plugging in an external monitor with larger resolution - I use this option but I need a solution when one is not available, e.g. while travelling etc Advice about not using small screen netbooks - I enjoy the compact convenience of them Advice about change the dpi settings in the Control Panel Display settings Advice about guesswork with the tab key to move the focus the off-screen item I cannot see Thank you in advance.

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• Sluggish Windows SBS 2003

  - by TomWilsonFL

  One of my customers has a Windows 2003 Small Business Server which at this point is basically the DC, DNS, Fileserver and Symantec Protection Manager. I have disabled Exchange because I moved their mail to Google Apps. The server is extremely sluggish when doing anything. It is most noticeable when a dialog box is open (say the System properties), and you try to change tabs. This is usually instant, but on this machine can take 3-5 seconds. What additional services / packages can I uninstall from this machine knowing that it is only performing the above roles? Will removing the "Small Business Server" package in Add / Remove Programs get rid of a few unnecessary things? Any other thoughts? P.S. I know Symantec Endpoint and the Protection Manager are hogs, but I have nothing to replace the solution with at the moment. Thanks, Tom UPDATE: I looked over the different performance metrics, but nothing stood out as a problem. One of my friends mentioned Symantec's log and temp files can get quite huge and slow things down, so I ran CCleaner on the machine and found close to 3 GB of Symantec "stuff." Removed that and now the machine is MUCH better. I am still unsure why the data just sitting there would cause such a slowdown. The drive is not even near full. The only thing I can imagine is that Symantec must have to run through this stuff now and then.

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• MySQL not releasing temp file descriptors

  - by Wakaru44

  Since a few days ago, we’ve been experiencing some serious problems with our MySQL installation: MySQL keeps opening temporal files (normal behaviour) but these files are never released. The consequence is that, eventually, the disk space is exhausted and we have to restart the service and clean up /tmp manually. Using lsof, we see something like this: mysqld 16866 mysql 5u REG 8,3 0 692 /tmp/ibyWJylQ (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 6u REG 8,3 0 707 /tmp/ibf5adsT (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 7u REG 8,3 0 728 /tmp/ibGjPRyW (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 8u REG 8,3 0 5678 /tmp/ibMQDLMZ (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 13u REG 8,3 0 5679 /tmp/ibQAnM42 (deleted) Maybe it's not related, but when we shutdown the server, the files are finally freed, and we can see the following warnings in the MySQL log: 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1333 user: 'xxx' 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1156 user: 'yyy' 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1151 user: 'zzz' where 'xxx', 'yyy' and 'zzz' are distinct mysql users (and the only 3 users with active connections to the database). We have a few theories: There is a problem in the OS, that keeps file handlers open. Could it be possible that the OS "delete" operation blocks the threads until shutdown? This may explain the warning at shutdown and the fact that files are finally deleted when the process dies. Until now, data sets were so small that temp files were relatively small and there was enough time to release the file handles without exhausting disk space. We are using Mysql 5.5 on a RHEL 6.2 with the default kernel.

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• Fixed and dynamic IPs in ISC DHPD lead to double lease

  - by GorillaPatch

  I would like to have a small dynamic adress part and the most clients are assigned a fixed IP adress. My dhcpd.conf looks like this: use-host-decl-names on; authoritative; allow client-updates; ddns-updates on; # Einstellungen fuer DHCP leases default-lease-time 3600; max-lease-time 86400; lease-file-name "/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases"; subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ddns-updates on; pool { # IP range which will be assigned statically range 192.168.11.1 192.168.11.240; deny all clients; } pool { # small dynamic range range 192.168.11.241 192.168.11.254; # used for temporary devices } } group { host pc1 { hardware ethernet xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx; fixed-address 192.168.11.11; } } The motivation for the pool declaration with deny all hosts comes from the ISC DHCPD homepage http://www.isc.org/files/auth.html This will allow hosts to be first added to the network, where they will receive a temporary IP from the 241-254 adress range and then later write an explicit host declaration. Upon next connect it will receive the right configuration. The problem is that I am getting error messages that 192.168.11.13 has a dynamic and a static lease. I am a bit confused as I expected the pool declaration with deny all clients would not count as dynamic. Dynamic and static leases present for 192.168.11.13. Remove host declaration pc1 or remove 192.168.11.13 from the dynamic address pool for 192.168.11.0/24 Is there a way to have the DHCP server send an DHCPNA to clients if they have a host statement and retain this dynamic range?

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• Windows7 shows a drive as full in summary but files, including backup folder, shown on drive are ver

  - by Rob

  I have a drive partitioned so it is seen by Windows as 2 drives: C:\ and D:\ Windows7 shows D:\ as full up in the graphical summary in 'My Computer' summary of all the drives, e.g. the bar graph indicates full and nearly all of the drive's capacity, 108Gb, is full. So I go into the D:\ drive to look at the files, I see several folders. I select them all and the right click menu Properties to count their size, expecting the value to be about the same as what Windows reports in the summary, i.e. nearly 108Gb. But the properties shows the files are very small, Kbs and Mbs, nowhere near 108Gbs. One of the folders is a backup, but its size is very small. I've checked the folder options to show all system files and hidden files too - and counted these in the properties. Something invisible is holding the space. What is happening here? I'm afraid to delete anything if it removes valuable backups. Have I got huge backups here? Why can't I see them? How do I see them?

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• What is the IPv6 equivalent to IPv4 RFC1918 addresses?

  - by Kumba

  Having a hard time wrapping my head around IPv6 here. A lot of the lingo seems targeted at enterprise-level IPv6 deployments, discussing link-local, site-local, global unicast, scopes, etc. Not a lot of solid information on really small networks, like home networks. I want to check my thinking and make sure I am getting the correct translations from IPv4-speak to IPv6-speak. The first question is, what's the equivalent of RFC1918 for IPv6? Initial searches suggested there was no equivalent. Then I stumbled upon Unique Local Addresses (RFC4193), and that states that all ULA's should be assigned the prefix fc00, followed by a 40-bit random number in the routing prefix. This random number is to "prevent collisions when two IPv6 networks are interconnected" -- again, another reference to an enterprise-level function. If I have a small local LAN at home, numbered using 192.168.4.0/24, what's my equivalent in IPv6's ULA scope? Assuming I will never, ever, tie that IPv6 address into the real internet (a router will NAT & firewall it), can I ignore the RFC to an extent and go with fc00::4:0/120? It also seems that any address in fc00::/7 are to be globally routable. Does this mean I'll need extra protections so my router would not automatically start advertising these private IPv6 addresses to the world? Second question, what's this link-local thing? Reading suggests a default-assigned address in the fe80::/10 range that has the last 64bits of the address comprised of the interface's MAC address. Seems to be required, too, but I'm annoyed by the constant discussion of it in relation to enterprise networks. Third question, what is scope id for? Seems to be yet another term tossed around in relation to enterprise networks, especially when interconnecting them, but almost no explanation on the smaller home network level. Can I see a scope ID AND CIDR notation used together? I.e., fc00::4:0/120%6, or are scope IDs only supposed to be applied to a single /128 IPv6 address?

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• Nmap XML parsing with Powershell

  - by Craig620

  I am trying to parse the XML output from NMAP and isolate just the hostadddress and the vendor from the osmatch. I've actually done that with the following: select-xml -path nmap.xml -xpath "nmaprun/host/address/@addr|nmaprun/host/os/osmatch/osclass/@vendor" | select -expandproperty node Which produces: #text ----- 10.20.30.1 HP 10.20.30.2 Linux 10.20.30.3 HP What I was not expecting is that it would jam it all into a single column.Silly me would like the address in one column, and the vendor in another column. I Would like: #addr #vendor ----- ------- 10.20.30.1 HP 10.20.30.2 Linux 10.20.30.3 HP In the several hours I spent learning xpath today, I also realized that this file has a single address for each host, but multiple OS guesses for each host. I would also like to use only the first osGuess in the output. Tired using: -xpath "(nmaprun/host/os/osmatch/osclass/@vendor)[1]" But that truncates the whole data set to a single line of output, instead of only limiting the only the first osclass element of each host. Changing the parens to surround only the @vendor element like .../(@vendor)[1] and .../(@vendor[1]) but both fail with "Expression must evaluate to a node-set." Thanks in advance

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• Is it worth hiring a hacker to perform some penetration testing on my servers ?

  - by Brann

  I'm working in a small IT company with paranoid clients, so security has always been an important consideration to us ; In the past, we've already mandated two penetration testing from independent companies specialized in this area (Dionach and GSS). We've also ran some automated penetration tests using Nessus. Those two auditors were given a lot of insider information, and found almost nothing* ... While it feels comfortable to think our system is perfectly sure (and it was surely comfortable to show those reports to our clients when they performed their due diligence work), I've got a hard time believing that we've achieved a perfectly sure system, especially considering that we have no security specialist in our company (Security has always been a concern, and we're completely paranoid, which helps, but that's far as it goes!) If hackers can hack into companies that probably employ at least a few people whose sole task is to ensure their data stays private, surely they could hack into our small business, right ? Does someone have any experience in hiring an "ethical hacker"? How to find one? How much would it cost? *The only recommendation they made us was to upgrade our remote desktop protocols on two windows servers, which they were able to access because we gave them the correct non-standard port and whitelisted their IP

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• What is the best way/Software to manage multiple short lived instances of virtual machines ?

  - by Newtopian

  Hi, We have a QA department that have to test our software on multiple combination of OS and DMBS. With Windows spewing out many different versions the combinatorial math of all this can be daunting. So we decided on visualizing our setups but so far it only displaces the problem. The cost of hardware is expensive and we need many different combination far exceeding your server capacity to deliver. Also, these instances are throw away, once the test is complete we no longer need it, furthermore to ensure proper test isolation we should start fresh from a new instance. Lastly we only need a small subset of these system online at any given time. What I am looking for is a way to manage inventory so that our QA staff can order instances to be put online as required and discarded once used. Instances are spawned from a pool of freshly installed systems with the appropriate combination ready to accept our software. It also should be possible for two or more people to start the same instance at the same time, though we could manage without this if it proves too complex to put in place. Finally our budget is pretty thin, we can probably make some purchases but ideally expenditures should be kept to a minimum. To summarize we should be able to : Bring instances online on demand. Ideally should offer queue and scheduling management Destroy instances on demand Keep masters in inventory but not online. Manage large inventory of VMs (30-100 maybe more) with small staff of users (5-10). Allow adding, deleting and changing instances from inventory (bring online, make changes and check back in, or create new and check in). Allow few long lived instances for support tools (normal VM server usage) Thanks for your answers

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• DNS failover in a two datacenter scenario

  - by wanson

  I'm trying to implement a low-cost solution for website high availability. I'm looking for the downsides of the following scenario: I have two servers with the same configuration, content, mysql replication (dual-master). They are in different datacenters - let's call them serverA and serverB. Users use serverA - serverB is more like a backup. Now, I want to use DNS failover, to switch users from serverA to serverB when serverA goes down. My idea is that I setup DNS servers (bind/powerdns) on serverA and serverB - let's call them ns1.website.com and ns2.website.com (assuming I own website.com). Then I configure my domain to use them as its nameservers. Both DNS servers will return serverA IP as my website's IP. If serverA goes down I can (either manually or automatically from serverB) change configuration of serverB's DNS, to return IP of serverB as website's IP. Of course the TTL will be low, as it's supposed to be in DNS failovers. I know that it may take some time to switch to serverB (DNS ttl, time to detect serverA failure, serverB DNS reconfiguration etc), and that some small part of users won't use serverB anyway. And I'm OK with that. But what are other downsides of such an approach? An alternative scenario is that ns1.website.com will return serverA IP as website's IP, and ns2.website.com will return serverB IP as website's IP. But AFAIK clients not always use primary nameserver and sometimes would use secondary one. So some small part of users would use serverB instead of serverA which is not quite what I'd like. Can you confirm that DNS clients behave like that and can you tell what percentage of clients would possibly use serverB instead of serverA (statistically)? This one also has the downside that when serverA goes back up, it will be automatically used as website's primary server, which is also a bad situation (cold cache, mysql replication could fail in the meantime etc). So I'm adding it only as a theoretical alternative. I was thinking about using some professional DNS failover companies but they charge for the number of DNS requests and the fees are very high (why?)

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• Web page layout becomes broken when moved to live.

  - by Moses

  I want to preface my question with the fact that I'm only a front-end web developer, so please excuse my gross lack of knowledge in this area. My company has three webservers: one for development (IIS v5), one for staging (IIS v5), and one for live deployment (IIS v6). Staging is an exact mirror of live. When I compare the staging and live web pages side by side in Firefox (3.6), the pages are identical. However, when I compare the staging and live pages with Internet Explorer (8), there are major differences... In staging, the squares for bulleted lists are small. In live, the squares are big. In staging, the borders for tables are thick. In live, the borders are thin. In staging, an ASP generated image is the proper height. In live, the image is cropped at the bottom by about 10px. In the end, the layout on live became broken because of these tiny differences, but why? Does the fact that live is on IIS 6 and staging is on IIS 5 account for the small variance in display? And is there any way I can change this server side? Also, is there any reason why Firefox displays both correctly and IE displays both incorrectly?

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• Cisco IOS BVI ACL: Only allow established UDP

  - by George Bailey

  Related: Cisco IOS ACL: Don't permit incoming connections just because they are from port 80 I know we can use the established keyword for TCP.. but what can we do for UDP (short of replacing a Bridge or BVI with a NAT)? Answer I found out what "UDP has no connection" means. DNS uses UDP for example.. named (DNS server) is lisenting on port 53 nslookup (DNS client) starts listening on some random port and sends a packet to port 53 of the server and notes the source port in that packet. nslookup will retry 3 times if necessary. Also the packets are so small that it does not have to worry about them coming in the wrong order. If nslookup receives a response on that port that comes from the servers IP and port then it stops listening. If the server tried to send two responses (for example a response and a response to the retry) then the server would not care if either of them made it because the client has the job to retry. In fact.. unless ICMP 3/3 packet gets through the server would not know about a failure. This is different from TCP where you get connection closed or timed out errors. DNS allows for an easy retry from the client as well as small packets.. so UDP is an excellent choice because it is more efficient. In UDP you would see nslookup sends request named sends answer In TCP you would see nslookup's machine sends SYN named's machine sends SYN-ACK nslookup's machine sends ACK and the request named's machine sends the response That is much more than is necessary for a tiny DNS packet

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• My client's solution of a Windows SBS 2011 VM on an Ubuntu host and VirtualBox is pinning the host CPU

  - by Scott Stamp

  Here's my situation, I've got a client hosting two servers (one VM), with the host providing VMware Zimbra, the other Windows Small Business Server 2011. Unfortunately, the person before me had configured this setup as follows. Host: Ubuntu Desktop Edition 10.04 (I know, again, not my choice) running VMware Zimbra 8GB of RAM On-board RAID1 of two 320GB Seagate Barracuda drives for the OS Software RAID5 of four 500GB WD Caviar Black drives on MDADM for bulk storage (sorry, I don't know the model #) A relatively competent quad-core Intel Core i7 CPU from the Nehalem architecture (not suspicious of this as the bottleneck) Guest: Windows Small Business Server 2011 4GB of RAM Host-equivalent CPU allocation VDI file for OS hosted on the on-board RAID, VDI file for storage hosted on the on-board RAID For some reason when running, the VM locks up when sitting nearly idle, and the VirtualBox process reports values of 240%+ in top (how is that even possible?!). Anyone have any ideas or suggestions? I'm totally stumped on this one. Happy to provide whatever logs you'd like to take a look at. Ideally I'd drop VirtualBox and provision this with VMware Workstation, but the client has objected to the (very nominal) costs involved. If hardware needs to be purchased to help, it will be, but we're considering upgrades a last-resort at this time. Thanks in advance! *fingers crossed*

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• Cutting Ubuntu to the bone for Virtualbox VM

  - by user32853

  I've been looking around for a Linux variant which will install only the software I need rather than everything Ubuntu (for example) puts in by default. This is to create a virtual machine in Virtualbox which has bash, apache, python, perl, SQLite, openssh and a few other programs but nothing else. I'd prefer to go with Ubuntu if possible but another modern distro would do as well (I like using apt-get and yum rather than downloading/compiling etc). So far, I've tried: SuseStudio.com, which is probably the best so far. Pressing F4 to get the boot options on Ubuntu 9.10, but there is no minimal installation (I think there was once). Arch Linux, slightly confusing install procedure but I might go back and try again. Gentoo, started well but fairly soon the HD on the virtual machine went to 2Gb, even before the installation had started in earnest (I'd partitioned the disks is all). I realise there are various "small" Linuxes around like Puppy, Feather, DSL, etc, but they seem to be aimed at desktop users or as a techie's toolkit, and I want a small-as-possible server distro which can be managed with tools like apt or yum or similar. TIA for any advice you can offer! -- Monty

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• Self-connecting printers

  - by Martin Cerny

  Hello, I work as an administrator in a small company using XP Professional on all computers and two servers with Win 2003 Server. Recently a very unusual problam occured one of the computers keeps connecting to all the printers on the network it doesn't matter if it's an administrator or Domain User as soon as somebody logs in the commputer connects all the printers. The printers are either installed on local computers or on the server and shared. There is no log-on script connecting the printers, I install them manualy and none of the other computers shows such behaviour. We have a printer which is installed on two computers and both of them share it (I'm moving it to Server from a small PC which shared it up to now, but some computers still use the old connection), meaning this specific computer connects to one of the printer two times and it can't use either of the connections. How to prevent this self-connecting to all printers (none of the other computers has this problem). If I delte them from the "Printers" folder everything works fine untill I reconnect and the Folder is once again full of all the printers we have. I solved the smaller problem, computer is now capable of printing on all of the printers (it seems there have been some registry issues), after cleaning the registry and reinstalling the printer it seems to work just fine. But the second thing prevails, the computer connects to all the printers in the network (when I remove one/multiple it is reconnected right after the next log-in by any user).

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