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• Migrate installation from one HDD to another?

  - by dougoftheabaci

  I have a server with a 64 GB SSD inside. It runs just fine, but occasionally there's a hiccup that causes it to nearly fill up. When that happens my server starts to lockup and generally misbehave. I'm looking to buy a bigger SSD (either 128 GB or 256 GB) but I'm a bit unsure of how best to make the transition. For a start, I don't have an external monitor. If I need one I'll have to borrow it from work. Most of the time I just SSH into the server from my iMac. The only solution I can think of would be to buy two FW800 2.5" cases, boot from the 64 GB SSD and clone it to the 128 GB SSD. Seem a bit excessive but it might be my best option. I do have more than one SATA port on my server, but they're all currently being use for storage drives. They don't mount by default, so I could unplug them and just have the two SSDs and do the whole thing via SSH. This is another option I'm considering. My main concern with either is how best to make sure everything goes across. I want a carbon copy of the first one onto the second. This is especially important because I have a ZFS volume (my storage) and I'm a bit unfamiliar with how to move everything across. I could just start fresh and reinstall everything on the SSD, but that seems like extra trouble I don't need. So any advice on how best to achieve my goals would be appreciated. Thanks! Server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04. The iMac has 10.8.1.

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• Cisco ASA: Routing packets based on where the connections started from

  - by DrStalker

  We have a Cisco ASA 5505 (version 8.2(2)) with three interfaces: outside: IP address 11.11.11.11, this is the default route inside: IP address 10.1.1.1, this is the local subnet newlink: 22.22.22.22, this is a new internet connection. We need to move VPN users from the 11.11.11.11 address to the 22.22.22.22 address, and we're using SSH on the ASA as to test and sort out the routing. The problem we have is this: If we define a particular IP as being on a static route out the newlink interface then it can SSH to 22.22.22.22 fine. If we do not define a static route then the traffic hits the ASA, but the return traffic does not come back over newlink; presumably it gets sent over the outside interfcae as that is the default route. We can't define a static route for each remote endpoint because there are dialup VPN users, who obviously change IP a lot What we need to do is configure the ASA so if a connection comes in on the newlink interface then the outgoing packets for that go over the newlink interface, not the default route. With iptables this should be do-able by marking the connection and doing mark-routing, but what is the equivalent for a Cisco ASA?

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• Trying to configure DNS on a Godaddy Virtual Dedicated host, Mediatemple Domain Registration [closed]

  - by dclowd9901

  A client of mine purchased VD hosting with Godaddy and a domain name with Mediatemple. I've never configured DNS from scratch, and I'm finding it very difficult to find any sort of explanation on how to go about it. As of right now, Mediatemple is pointing to the Godaddy's ns1.domaincontrol.com and ns2.domaincontrol.com nameservers. The VD hosting on Godaddy (via their Simple Control Panel) has options to "Add a new domain", which brings you through a wizard of sorts that asks you if the domain has already been registered (yes), what it is (dclowd9901.com for this example), create a system username and password for it (with checkboxes for SSH and FTP access), which level of user can administer it, and whether a mail account should be setup. When complete, it also creates a zone file. In this zone file, the Primary nameserver is ns1.dclowd9901.com; the records are as follow (where 12.23.12.34 is the presumed host): @ A 12.23.12.34 @ NS ns1 @ NS ns2 ns1 A 12.23.12.34 ns2 A 12.23.12.34 @ MX mail www A 12.23.12.34 ftp A 12.23.12.34 ssh A 12.23.12.34 mail A 12.23.12.34 If anyone can shed any light on this for me, explain to me the interactions between the registrar and the host and so on, I'd be very grateful. Thanks in advance for the help.

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• Using multiple computers effectively

  - by Benjamin Oakes

  I have some extra (old) Macs and PCs around the house and a MacBook that's sometimes overworked. I'm looking for tips on using multiple computers effectively. Basically, I'd like to add to the following list. Here's what I'm using so far: Teleport: lets you use a single mouse and keyboard to control several Macs, like Synergy Built-in file sharing: lets me run programs on another Mac, but only maintain one copy of the data Bazaar: distributed version control Mail.app, Thunderbird, etc.: IMAP for my mail accounts TuneConnect: control iTunes on another Mac with a nice interface, using the library on my MacBook (if I choose it by pressing option at startup) over file sharing OmniFocus: syncs across computers pretty seamlessly Web browsing across computers VNC/Remote Desktop Running X-windows programs using ssh -Y hostname for headless operation (but they die when I sleep the connecting computer -- something like GNU screen would be ideal) Plain-old ssh with GNU screen Really, a better idea of what I do might be necessary. Generally though, I'd like to distribute tasks across more than one computer when possible, but not have much overhead in doing so. The perfect solution? An Xgrid-like program that pushes processing across multiple computers automatically and seamlessly (although that seems unlikely). Here's what I have, in case it makes a difference: MacBook (Dual 2.16 GHz, OS X 10.6.3) eMac (1.25 GHz, OS X 10.4.11, soon to be 10.5) Dell Dimension (800 MHz, some version of Ubuntu) -- no dedicated monitor PowerMac G3 (400 MHz, OS X 10.4.11) -- no dedicated monitor iMac G3 DV (400 MHz, OS X 10.4.11) -- currently in the kitchen for recipes, email, web browsing, music, movies (DVDs), etc. (Total, they cost me around $650, mostly for the MacBook. Freecycle is wonderful, just in case you haven't heard of it.) I'm really only using the MacBook and eMac at this point, but I'd like to push more onto it and possibly the PowerMac and Dell.

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• Solaris ldap Authentication

  - by Tman

  Iv been having a trouble trying to get my Solaris 10 server to authenticate against an eDir server.im managed to Set up my linux(RHeL,SLES) servers to authenticate against the ldap Server.which works fine. Here is my configuration Files. ldapclient list: NS_LDAP_FILE_VERSION= 2.0 NS_LDAP_BINDDN= cn=proxyuser,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_BINDPASSWD= {NS1}ecfa88f3a945c22222233 NS_LDAP_SERVERS= 192.168.0.19 NS_LDAP_SEARCH_BASEDN= ou=auth,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_AUTH= simple NS_LDAP_SEARCH_SCOPE= sub NS_LDAP_CACHETTL= 0 NS_LDAP_CREDENTIAL_LEVEL= anonymous NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= group:ou=Groups,ou=auth,o=AEDev NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= shadow:ou=users,ou=auth,o=AEDev?sub?objectClass=shadowAccount NS_LDAP_SERVICE_SEARCH_DESC= passwd:ou=auth,o=AEDev?sub?objectClass=posixAccount NS_LDAP_BIND_TIME= 10 NS_LDAP_SERVICE_AUTH_METHOD= pam_ldap:simple getent passwd works fine: root:x:0:0:Super-User:/:/sbin/sh daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/usr/spool/lp: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico smmsp:x:25:25:SendMail Message Submission Program:/: listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls: gdm:x:50:50:GDM Reserved UID:/: webservd:x:80:80:WebServer Reserved UID:/: postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh svctag:x:95:12:Service Tag UID:/: nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: tlla:x:2012:100::/home/tlla: test:x:2011:100::/home/test: thato:x:2010:100::/home/thato: pam.conf login auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 #server_policy login auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass login auth required pam_dial_auth.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rlogin auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass rsh auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rsh auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 rsh auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 #server_policy rsh auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 other auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 other auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 other auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 other auth sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass passwd auth required pam_passwd_auth.so.1 passwd auth sufficient pam_unix_auth.so.1 ssh account sufficient pam_unix.so.1 ssh account sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other account requisite pam_roles.so.1 other account sufficient pam_unix_account.so.1 other account sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass other password required pam_dhkeys.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_check.so.1 other password required pam_authtok_store.so.1 other password sufficient pam_unix.so.1 other password sufficient /usr/lib/security/pam_ldap.so.1 try_first_pass Local Authentication Works But LDAP Authentication Doesn't Work.

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• using pf for packet filtering and ipfw's dummynet for bandwidth limiting at the same time

  - by krdx

  I would like to ask if it's fine to use pf for all packet filtering (including using altq for traffic shaping) and ipfw's dummynet for bandwidth limiting certain IPs or subnets at the same time. I am using FreeBSD 10 and I couldn't find a definitive answer to this. Googling returns such results as: It works It doesn't work Might work but it's not stable and not recommended It can work as long as you load the kernel modules in the right order It used to work but with recent FreeBSD versions it doesn't You can make it work provided you use a patch from pfsense Then there's a mention that this patch might had been merged back to FreeBSD, but I can't find it. One certain thing is that pfsense uses both firewalls simultaneously so the question is, is it possible with stock FreeBSD 10 (and where to obtain the patch if it's still necessary). For reference here's a sample of what I have for now and how I load things /etc/rc.conf ifconfig_vtnet0="inet 80.224.45.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 -rxcsum -txcsum" ifconfig_vtnet1="inet 10.20.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 -rxcsum -txcsum" defaultrouter="80.224.45.1" gateway_enable="YES" firewall_enable="YES" firewall_script="/etc/ipfw.rules" pf_enable="YES" pf_rules="/etc/pf.conf" /etc/pf.conf WAN1="vtnet0" LAN1="vtnet1" set skip on lo0 set block-policy return scrub on $WAN1 all fragment reassemble scrub on $LAN1 all fragment reassemble altq on $WAN1 hfsc bandwidth 30Mb queue { q_ssh, q_default } queue q_ssh bandwidth 10% priority 2 hfsc (upperlimit 99%) queue q_default bandwidth 90% priority 1 hfsc (default upperlimit 99%) nat on $WAN1 from $LAN1:network to any -> ($WAN1) block in all block out all antispoof quick for $WAN1 antispoof quick for $LAN1 pass in on $WAN1 inet proto icmp from any to $WAN1 keep state pass in on $WAN1 proto tcp from any to $WAN1 port www pass in on $WAN1 proto tcp from any to $WAN1 port ssh pass out quick on $WAN1 proto tcp from $WAN1 to any port ssh queue q_ssh keep state pass out on $WAN1 keep state pass in on $LAN1 from $LAN1:network to any keep state /etc/ipfw.rules ipfw -q -f flush ipfw -q add 65534 allow all from any to any ipfw -q pipe 1 config bw 2048KBit/s ipfw -q pipe 2 config bw 2048KBit/s ipfw -q add pipe 1 ip from any to 10.20.20.4 via vtnet1 out ipfw -q add pipe 2 ip from 10.20.20.4 to any via vtnet1 in

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• different nmap results

  - by aasasas

  Hello I have a scan on my server form outside and from inside, why results are different? [root@xxx ~]# nmap -sV -p 0-65535 localhost Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-16 07:59 MSK Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1) Host is up (0.000015s latency). rDNS record for 127.0.0.1: localhost.localdomain Not shown: 65534 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS)) Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 7.99 seconds AND sh-3.2# nmap -sV -p 0-65535 xxx.com Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-16 00:01 EST Warning: Unable to open interface vmnet1 -- skipping it. Warning: Unable to open interface vmnet8 -- skipping it. Stats: 0:07:49 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing SYN Stealth Scan SYN Stealth Scan Timing: About 36.92% done; ETC: 00:22 (0:13:21 remaining) Stats: 0:22:05 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Service Scan Service scan Timing: About 75.00% done; ETC: 00:23 (0:00:02 remaining) Nmap scan report for xxx.com (x.x.x.x) Host is up (0.22s latency). Not shown: 65528 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 21/tcp open tcpwrapped 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0) 25/tcp open tcpwrapped 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS)) 110/tcp open tcpwrapped 143/tcp open tcpwrapped 443/tcp open tcpwrapped 8080/tcp open http-proxy?

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• How Could My Website Be Hacked

  - by Kiewic

  Hi! I wonder how this could happen. Someone delete my index.php files from all my domains and puts his own index.php files with the next message: Hacked by Z4i0n - Fatal Error - 2009 [Fatal Error Group Br] Site desfigurado por Z4i0n Somos: Elemento_pcx - s4r4d0 - Z4i0n - Belive Gr33tz: W4n73d - M4v3rick - Observing - MLK - l3nd4 - Soul_Fly 2009 My domain has many subdomains, but only the subdomains that can be accessed with an specific user were hacked, the rest weren't affected. I assumed that someone entered through SSH, because some of these subdomains are empty and Google doesn't know about them. But I checked the access log using the last command, but this didn't show any activity through SSH or FTP the day of the attack neither seven days before. Does anybody has an idea? I already changed my passwords. What do you recommend me to do? UPDATE My website is hosted at Dreamhost. I suppose they have the latest patches installed. But, while I was looking how they entered to my server, I found weird things. In one of my subdomains, there were many scripts for execute commands on the server, upload files, send mass emails and display compromising information. These files had been created since last December!! I have deleted those files and I'm looking for more malicious files. Maybe the security hold is an old and forgotten PHP application. This application has a file upload form protected by a password system based on sessions. One of the malicious scripts was in the uploads directory. This doesn't seem like an SQL Injection attack. Thanks for your help.

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• Software distribution from web server to client using PHP/FTP

  - by Jenolan

  I develop and maintain a number of add-ons and utilities for various widget (mainly aMember) which generally means I need to install php based codes onto other people's systems. Whilst I have a VPS and have access to rsync and all sorts of yummy tools most of the people I deal with have a basic ftp access and that's all folks. To upload from my local system is also a problem as I am satellite based (two-way) so it is fairly slow and expensive and in any case the files are already on my server. So there is no rsync, fxp, ssh and I can't really install anything as it is obviously not my system, they would be justifiably miffed if I started installing file managers or other things onto their sites. What I have been trying to find is a utility that I can run on my server from the web, preferably php based, that will be like a file manager but a bit different. Two panels. LH-Side the local server .. pretty much like a standard FM application RH-Side ability to login via FTP to the clients system Then I can fiddle as required. The closest thing I have found is net2ftp but it doesn't have the gui interface, at the moment I simply ssh into my server power up ncftp and run that way, but something easier to use would be mucho niceness. Thanks in advance! Larry

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• OSX: Mimic Ubuntu IP Masquerading via iptables with ipfw

  - by Dogbert

  Good day, I am attempting to replicate a setup I have between a router and an Ubuntu PC, and have the same setup working on my MacBook (10.6, Snow Leopard). First, I have a router that has a USB port. When I plug it into my Ubuntu PC, it creates an RNDIS connection, allowing me to connect to the router over the USB cable via an IP connection. When I plug it into my computer via USB, it gets assigned an IP address of 172.16.84.1, and a new adapter appears when I type ifconfig. I can then SSH into the device via ssh [email protected]. When I log in to the device, I flush the routes, then create the default route: admin@localhost> route -f admin@localhost> route add default 172.16.84.2 Now, in my Ubuntu machine, I use iptables to enable IP masquerading: root@Valhalla> sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.84.2 -j MASQUERADE Once this is all done, the router has internet access over the USB connection to my PC. I am trying to replicate this exact setup on my MacBook now (Snow Leopard), but iptables does not exist for OSX, not even a Macports version exists. I have scoured through other questions on StackOverflow that cover the usage of the ipfw command, which apparently works as a drop-in replacement for iptables. However, the syntax is significantly different, and I'm pretty much lost. Does anyone with some experience with ipfw have some suggestions on how I could accomplish this and create a NAT connection via IP masquerading like I could with my Ubuntu PC? Thank you for your assistance.

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• NAT ports - how do they work?

  - by Davidoper

  I have the following network schema: Computer A: three nics: NIC 1 (eth0): dhcp, public internet NIC 2 (eth1): static 192.168.1.1, gateway for Computer B NIC 3 (eth2): static 192.168.2.1, gateway for Computer C Computer B: static 192.168.1.2, using gateway 192.168.1.1 (NIC 2). Computer C: static 192.168.2.2, using gateway 192.168.2.1 (NIC 3). So I applied this to get NAT working: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE Every computer can connect to the internet now. I have been applying rules to the main computer (Computer A), like dropping connections to some ports, e.g ssh: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP But for instance, now I would like only allow connections for ports 20,21,22,53 and 80 in Computer C, and ignore the outside traffic if it's not related to those ports. The allowed connections should be FROM Computer C to outside, but not from outside to Computer C (I mean - Computer C is not hosting any HTTP or SSH, but it is going to use them as a client). I guess this sould be done like this: iptables -A OUTPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT The last rule (dropping any other traffic different from those) is at the end of the configuration, so -A should be working correctly. The thing is... it is not working. If I put the last rule like this: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j DROP It just drops everything and, for instance, port 21 (previously opened as you can see above) is not either working. Can you tell me what could I have done wrong? I have been struggling with this problem for some time and I am unable to solve it. Thanks!

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• Intermittent CNAME forwarding

  - by Godric Seer

  I host a personal website on an old desktop that is LAMP based. Since I have a dynamic IP, I use no-ip to make sure I have a working domain name at all times. I also have a domain I have bought on GoDaddy where I have a CNAME record forwarding the www subdomain to my no-ip domain. At all times, I can connect to my website through the no-ip domain without issue. For the past several weeks, I never had an issue using the GoDaddy domain to connect (ssh or https). As of today, however, the GoDaddy domain only works for about 10 minutes at a time. I get server not found errors most of the time. Also, if I happen to be using the GoDaddy domain for an ssh connection, the connection will freeze. I have attempted to run tests using a couple of online DNS check websites, but have not gotten any errors at any time. I also contacted GoDaddy support but they had no issues connecting to the website, and therefore did not see any issues. I would like advice on how I could debug/resolve this issue. Since the problem appeared without me changing anything on my end, I hope it will resolve itself, but knowing the cause in case it happens again would be preferable. EDIT: I changed the configuration in GoDaddy to create an A (Host) that points at my current IP. This works fine, so I can access the site through the GoDaddy domain without the preceding www. I am currently waiting for a new CNAME record to propagate that points the www subdomain at the main host, rather than my no-ip domain.

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• Why are my socks proxies slow

  - by vps_newcomer

  I have a linux vps, and i have tried a few socks proxy setups to test their performance: All tests were using speedtest.net The standard ssh tunnel proxy 0.8mbit/s download and 0.1-0.2mbit/s upload speeds dante-server proxy 1.3mbit/s download and 0.4-0.5mbit/s upload I am wondering why are these speeds so slow? Is anything shaping them? Is it just the nature of socks proxies? I know that the ssh tunnel has to do encryption and what not so that is why its slow, but i was surprised to see that the second setup was also quite slow. On the VPS i have received download speeds of 25MB/s per second (thats about 200mbit/s and upload speed of atleast 5MB/s (haven't got a good enough pipe to test anything faster). The other option i was going to try is to setup OpenVPN and see how that goes, however i need to find a good tutorial as it's fairly complicated to setup. So why is it so slow? How can i test to see where the bottleneck is? How can i make it faster :D

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• OpenVPN: ifup tap0 drops all connections

  - by raspi

  I'm trying to create star shaped "virtual" LAN with OpenVPN which is not connected to physical network. ie. tap0 packets should not go to eth0. Packet should only go through OpenVPN to connected clients. This setup works with my OpenVPN testing machine which runs Virtual Box but not on my actual server which is running on top of Xen. Both servers are running Ubuntu Intrepid. /etc/network/interfaces: iface tap0 inet manual address 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.10.10.1 /etc/openvpn/server.conf mode server tls-server port 1194 proto udp dev tap client-to-client ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/servername.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/servername.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh384.pem ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt server-bridge 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.128 10.10.10.250 push .route 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 keepalive 5 60 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status /var/log/openvpn-status.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log verb 3 user nobody group nogroup ifup tap0 on Virtual Box: everything ok, SSH keeps running. But on Xen SSH connection drops and I have to reboot whole machine. What I'm missing?

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• Flushing iptables broke my pipe, how can I save my instance?

  - by Niels

  I was setting up my iptables when I performed a iptables -F and my ssh pipe broke. This is the last output of my session: root@alfapaints:~# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:2222 ACCEPT tcp -- li465-68.members.linode.com anywhere state NEW,ESTABLISHED tcp dpt:nrpe ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:9200 state NEW,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http state NEW,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp spt:domain Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:2222 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state ESTABLISHED tcp spt:nrpe ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp spt:9200 state ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp spt:http state ESTABLISHED ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain root@alfapaints:~# iptables -F Write failed: Broken pipe I tested my connection just before and I was able to connect with ssh. Now I did a nmap scan and not a single port is open anymore. I know my VPS is running on VMWare ESXi, could a reboot help? Or if not could I attach and mount the disk to another vm to save the data? Does anybody have some advise? And maybe an explanation what happend or what could have cause my pipe to break? ps: I didn't save my rules on the config directories of iptables. But used a file I stored in ~/rules.config to apply my rules like this: iptables-restore < rules.config So probably a reboot would help? Thanks a lot in advance.

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• hardlinking takes a lot of space

  - by mr_schlomo

  I made an rsync incremental backup script for my server that will copy a MySQL database backup and a specified folder path to a remote server. Here's the code on Github. Code excerpt from lines 53-57: ############### Create most current hand link echo "Creating most current hard link on backup server $most_recent_backup_link" ssh $remote_backup_server rm -rf ${most_recent_backup_link} ssh $remote_backup_server cp -alv ${remote_backup_folder}/backup-${backup_folder_name}/ ${most_recent_backup_link} I'm having a problem with creating the most current hard links on the backup server (lines 53-57 in the program). Everything works, and rsync only copies about 1-2MB of data. But the hard link copy process uses about 30MB of data. I get a huge laundry list of files that haven't changed and the only ones that have changed are very small in size. Normally this isn't a problem, but when you backup every hour, the backup should be as small as possible. For example, the last backup I did, rsync transferred 1.3MB. But the backup directory grew 35MB. Why are the hard links taking up so much hard drive space?

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• Site to Site VPN problem, connection succesful data only oneway?

  - by Charles

  To start things off, I'm not the actual Administrator for the VPN Server, but he is also at a loss so I thought I'd ask it here. I know it's a Cisco ASA Firewall/VPN. I have a router that connects to the Cisco VPN server, it does so succesfully. I can ping everything within the remote network and from the remote network into my own. I've been able to SSH into a remote server over VPN as well, it all seems to work; until there's some more data returned. A quick example would be an internal webserver. The default homepage simply redirects, so only sends back HTTP headers with a "Location:". I receive this on my computer, but when I request the actual page then (which isn't that big) I don't get a response at all - it just stalls. And it does this for other services as well, for example SSH. I can do a couple of things while connected, but if there's more than xx output it seems to do nothing. The connection remains active throughout all of this. Has anyone ever experienced anything like this before / know what the problem might be? Another user who has a site-to-site connection with this VPN using the -exact same setup- has no problems, the only difference is that I have around 200ms ping to the VPN server/network because of a very long distance (other continent).

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• make local only daemon listening on different interface (using iptables port forwarding)?

  - by UniIsland

  i have a daemon program which listens on 127.0.0.1:8000. i need to access it when i connect to my box with vpn. so i want it to listen on the ppp0 interface too. i've tried the "ssh -L" method. it works, but i don't think it's the right way to do that, having an extra ssh process running in the background. i tried the "netcat" method. it exits when the connection is closed. so not a valid way for "listening". i also tried several iptables rules. none of them worked. i'm not listing here all the rules i've used. iptables -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ppp+ -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:8000 the above ruleset doesn't work. i have net.ipv4.ip_forward set to 1. anyone knows how to redirect traffic from ppp interface to lo? say, listen on "192.168.45.1:8000 (ppp0)" as well as "127.0.0.1:8000 (lo)" there's no need to alter the port. thanx

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• Centos 6.2 Fresh 'Basic Server' install networking issues

  - by RWC

  I've had a /29 provisioned on a network port for a server and am trying to at least configure the machine so I can ssh into it. It's Centos 6.2 x64 with the Basic Server install. Currently not able to ping gateway or any address for that matter. For reference: Default Interface: em2 Network ID: 66.*.*.0/29 Gateway: 66.*.*.1 Broadcast: 66.*.*.7 Please see my following configs: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2 DEVICE=em2 NM_CONTROLLED=yes ONBOOT=yes HWADDR=Not Important TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=66.*.*.2 PREFIX=29 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System em2" NETMASK=255.255.255.248 USERCTL=no $: route -n Destination // Gateway // Genmask // Flags // Metric // Ref // Use // Iface 66.*.*.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.248 U 0 0 0 em2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 1003 0 em2 0.0.0.0 66.*.*.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em2 $: route Destination // Gateway // Genmask // Flags // Metric // Ref // Use // Iface 66.*.*.0 * 255.255.255.248 U 0 0 0 em2 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 1003 0 em2 default 66.*.*.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 em2 $: cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=excalibur.domain.com GATEWAY=66.*.*.1 Keep in mind that I cannot even currently ping the gateway which is quite confusing for me. My /etc/hosts are configured correctly with the *.2 address. I'm not concerned with getting all of the addresses on the /29 up and running yet, just one so I can at least ssh in. Thanks! Edit: Adding in ifconfig. $: ifconfig em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX inet addr:66.*.*.2 Bcat:66.*.*.7 Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5536 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2599469 (2.4 MiB) TX bytes: 748 (748.0 b) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 etc etc

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• openvpn& iptables -- portforwarding and gateway

  - by Smith.Lai

  The problem is similar to this scenario: iptables rule still take effect after deleted Scenario: There are several clients(C1~C10) providing some services, such as SSH,HTTP..... The clients are actually a personal computer behind NAT. Their IP might be 192.168.0.x For easily access these machines through internet, I built a OpenVPN server(S1). All the C1~C10 connect to S1 with VPN address 10.8.0.x If A user(U1) wanna access C1 SSH through internet, he can connect to S1 with port "55555", and S1 port forward 55555 to 10.8.0.6:22 echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 55555 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.8.0.6:22 It works well until I mark the following in the openvpn server.conf: I marked this because I think this will make all connection go through S1 ;push "redirect-gateway" |-------(NAT)--------| (C1)--| (INTERNET)----(U1) |-----(VPN)----(S1)--| The C1~C10 have their own path to access internet resource through NAT . The server loading would be heavy if all C1~C10 connection go through S1 (for example, C1 is sending data to C2, or C1 is downloading data from a FTP site). Is there a way to solve this quandary?

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• No signal on monitor after plug it to a linux box

  - by yaroot

  I use my old computer as an NAS, so I remove the monitor after I installed linux on it (disconnect vga cable). I use ssh to control the machine and it works fine. Until some day, after kernel/softare upgrade or messing up some configs, I cannot connect to it through ssh, then I have to plug the monitor back, but the monitor says "No input signal". So I have to restart the computer WITH the monitor connected, and the monitor's back! I think the computer/linux kernel doesn't detect the monitor plug-in event. So how can I start my linux box without a monitor, but when it goes wrong I can still plug my monitor (vga) back and use the console. Edit: just one pci-e video card, has dvi, vga, tv/out (s-video) Edit2: Xorg is not running. I just need the console (CTRL+ALT+F1). The problem is, if the machine booted without a monitor connected, it won't give me a pseudo terminal after I attach the vga cable while it's running. Clearly the monitor is not auto detected as usb device. I'm wondering how to let the monitor auto detected.

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• Referencing groups/classes from Puppet dashboard in my site manifest

  - by Banjer

  I'm using Puppet Dashboard as my ENC and I'm not sure how to reference or use class and group classifications from /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp. I have two groups defined in the dashboard: CentOS6 and SLES11. What should my site.pp look like if I want to include a certain list of modules in the CentOS6 group and a certain list of modules in the SLES11 group? I'm trying to do something like this: # /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp node basenode { include hosts include ssh::server include ssh::client include authentication include sudo include syslog include mail } node 'CentOS6' inherits basenode { include profile } node 'SLES11' inherits basenode { include usrmounts } I have OS-specific case statements within my modules, but there are some modules that will only be applied to a certain distro. So I suppose I have two questions: Is this the best way to apply modules/resources in an OS-specific manner? Or does the above make you want to vomit? Regardless of #1, I'm still curious as how to reference classes, groups, and nodes from Dashboard within my manifests. I've read the External Nodes doc, but I'm not seeing how they correspond to manifests. Thanks all.

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• Pattern matching gnmap fields with SED

  - by Ovid

  I am testing the regex needed for creating field extraction with Splunk for nmap and think I might be close... Example full line: Host: 10.0.0.1 (host) Ports: 21/open|filtered/tcp//ftp///, 22/open/tcp//ssh//OpenSSH 5.9p1 Debian 5ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)/, 23/closed/tcp//telnet///, 80/open/tcp//http//Apache httpd 2.2.22 ((Ubuntu))/, 10000/closed/tcp//snet-sensor-mgmt/// OS: Linux 2.6.32 - 3.2 Seq Index: 257 IP ID Seq: All zeros I've used underscore "_" as the delimiter because it makes it a little easier to read. root@host:/# sed -n -e 's_\([0-9]\{1,5\}\/[^/]*\/[^/]*\/\/[^/]*\/\/[^/]*\/.\)_\n\1_pg' filename The same regex with the escape characters removed: root@host:/# sed -n -e 's_\([0-9]\{1,5\}/[^/]*/[^/]*//[^/]*//[^/]*/.\)_\n\1_pg' filename Output: ... ... ... Host: 10.0.0.1 (host) Ports: 21/open|filtered/tcp//ftp///, 22/open/tcp//ssh//OpenSSH 2.0p1 Debian 2ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)/, 23/closed/tcp//telnet///, 80/open/tcp//http//Apache httpd 5.4.32 ((Ubuntu))/, 10000/closed/tcp//snet-sensor-mgmt/// OS: Linux 9.8.76 - 7.3 Seq Index: 257 IPID Seq: All zeros ... ... ... As you can see, the pattern matching appears to be working - although I am unable to: 1 - match on both the end of line ( comma , and white/tabspace). The last line contains unwanted text (in this case, the OS and TCP timing info) and 2 - remove any of the un-necessary data - i.e. print only the matching pattern. It is actually printing the whole line. If i remove the sed -n flag, the remaining file contents are also printed. I can't seem to locate a way to only print the matched regex. Being fairly new to sed and regex, any help or pointers is greatly appreciated!

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• I have added a port to the public zone in firewalld but still can't access the port

  - by mikemaccana

  I've been using iptables for a long time, but have never used firewalld until recently. I have enabled port 3000 TCP via firewalld with the following command: # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent However I can't access the server on port 3000. From an external box: telnet 178.62.16.244 3000 Trying 178.62.16.244... telnet: connect to address 178.62.16.244: Connection refused There are no routing issues: I have a separate rule for a port forward from port 80 to port 8000 which works fine externally. My app is definitely listening on the port too: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 99 36797 18662/node firewall-cmd doesn't seem to show the port either - see how ports is empty. You can see the forward rule I mentioned earlier. # firewall-cmd --list-all public (default, active) interfaces: eth0 sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh ports: masquerade: no forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=8000:toaddr= icmp-blocks: rich rules: However I can see the rule in the XML config file: # cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <zone> <short>Public</short> <description>For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.</description> <service name="dhcpv6-client"/> <service name="ssh"/> <port protocol="tcp" port="3000"/> <forward-port to-port="8000" protocol="tcp" port="80"/> </zone> What else do I need to do to allow access to my app on port 3000? Also: is adding access via a port the correct thing to do? Or should I make a firewalld 'service' for my app instead?

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• Why are my socks proxies slow

  - by vps_newcomer

  I have a linux vps, and i have tried a few socks proxy setups to test their performance: All tests were using speedtest.net The standard ssh tunnel proxy 0.8mbit/s download and 0.1-0.2mbit/s upload speeds dante-server proxy 1.3mbit/s download and 0.4-0.5mbit/s upload I am wondering why are these speeds so slow? Is anything shaping them? Is it just the nature of socks proxies? I know that the ssh tunnel has to do encryption and what not so that is why its slow, but i was surprised to see that the second setup was also quite slow. On the VPS i have received download speeds of 25MB/s per second (thats about 200mbit/s and upload speed of atleast 5MB/s (haven't got a good enough pipe to test anything faster). The other option i was going to try is to setup OpenVPN and see how that goes, however i need to find a good tutorial as it's fairly complicated to setup. So why is it so slow? How can i test to see where the bottleneck is? How can i make it faster :D

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