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• Can't configure PAM + LDAP on Debian Lenny - Getting error=49 on server logs

  - by Jorge Suárez de Lis

  I've been migrating some servers and desktops using Ubuntu 10.04 from getting the users from an old OpenLDAP implementation to a newer Centos Active Directory. I haven't had any problems so far, until I reached a Debian Lenny server. I've set up the server as the others, setting /etc/ldap.conf and /etc/ldap/ldap.conf. However, when I issue "getent passwd", I get nothing from the LDAP server. Reading the pam_ldap manpage, I realized that /etc/ldap.conf was not an accepted file by pam_ldap -it worked with Ubuntu though-, so I renamed it to /etc/pam_ldap.conf. Same result. However, once I've changed the name of this file, when I login using SSH I get this on the LDAP server logs: [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 fd=155 slot=155 connection from x.x.x.50 to 10.1.176.237 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=0 BIND dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=Applications,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=0 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=applications,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=1 SRCH base="ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" scope=2 filter="(uid=jorge.suarez)" attrs=ALL [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=1 RESULT err=0 tag=101 nentries=1 etime=0 notes=U [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=2 BIND dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=2 RESULT err=49 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 The password isn't working. I don't know that could be wrong, anything else seems to be OK. That user/password is working from another clients: [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 fd=188 slot=188 connection from x.x.x.224 to 10.1.176.237 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=0 BIND dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=Applications,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=0 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=applications,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=1 SRCH base="ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" scope=2 filter="(uid=jorge.suarez)" attrs=ALL [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=1 RESULT err=0 tag=101 nentries=1 etime=0 notes=U [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=2 BIND dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=2 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=people,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" I'm using SSHA for storing passwords on the LDAP server. Maybe this is not supported by Debian Lenny? On pam_ldap.conf, I've set up this, as in all the other servers: # Do not hash the password at all; presume # the directory server will do it, if # necessary. This is the default. pam_password md5 Also tried clear, but it didn't work. Anyways, it's weird that issuing getent passwd still gets me no users. However, if I use pamtest from the package libpam-dotfile to test login, it works. # pamtest ssh jorge.suarez Trying to authenticate <jorge.suarez> for service <ssh>. Password: Authentication successful. # pamtest foo jorge.suarez Trying to authenticate <jorge.suarez> for service <foo>. Password: Authentication successful. But "su" won't work also: # su jorge.suarez Id. descoñecido: jorge.suarez Just the output from getent passwd : # getent passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh Debian-exim:x:101:103::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false statd:x:102:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin luser:x:1000:1000:Usuario local de Burdeos,,,:/home/luser:/bin/bash messagebus:x:105:107::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false sge-admin:x:1001:1001:Administrador do SGE,,,:/home/cluster/sge-admin:/bin/bash ntp:x:107:110::/home/ntp:/bin/false haldaemon:x:108:111:Hardware abstraction layer,,,:/var/run/hald:/bin/false vde2-net:x:109:114::/var/run/vde2:/bin/false uml-net:x:110:115::/home/uml-net:/bin/false polkituser:x:111:116:PolicyKit,,,:/var/run/PolicyKit:/bin/false Debian-pxe:x:113:65534:Dummy user for Debian pxe package,,,:/home/Debian-pxe:/bin/false Nscd was stopped from the beginning.

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• Cisco PIX firewall blocking inbound Exchange email

  - by sumsaricum

  [Cisco PIX, SBS2003] I can telnet server port 25 from inside but not outside, hence all inbound email is blocked. (as an aside, inbox on iPhones do not list/update emails, but calendar works a charm) I'm inexperienced in Cisco PIX and looking for some assistance before mails start bouncing :/ interface ethernet0 auto interface ethernet1 100full nameif ethernet0 outside security0 nameif ethernet1 inside security100 hostname pixfirewall domain-name ciscopix.com fixup protocol dns maximum-length 512 fixup protocol ftp 21 fixup protocol h323 h225 1720 fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719 fixup protocol http 80 fixup protocol rsh 514 fixup protocol rtsp 554 fixup protocol sip 5060 fixup protocol sip udp 5060 fixup protocol skinny 2000 no fixup protocol smtp 25 fixup protocol sqlnet 1521 fixup protocol tftp 69 names name 192.168.1.10 SERVER access-list inside_outbound_nat0_acl permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.240 access-list outside_cryptomap_dyn_20 permit ip any 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.240 access-list outside_acl permit tcp any host 213.xxx.xxx.xxx eq 3389 access-list outside_acl permit tcp any interface outside eq ftp access-list outside_acl permit tcp any host 213.xxx.xxx.xxx eq https access-list outside_acl permit tcp any host 213.xxx.xxx.xxx eq www access-list outside_acl permit tcp any interface outside eq 993 access-list outside_acl permit tcp any interface outside eq imap4 access-list outside_acl permit tcp any interface outside eq 465 access-list outside_acl permit tcp any host 213.xxx.xxx.xxx eq smtp access-list outside_cryptomap_dyn_40 permit ip any 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.240 access-list COMPANYVPN_splitTunnelAcl permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list COMPANY_splitTunnelAcl permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list outside_cryptomap_dyn_60 permit ip any 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.240 access-list COMPANY_VPN_splitTunnelAcl permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list outside_cryptomap_dyn_80 permit ip any 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.240 pager lines 24 icmp permit host 217.157.xxx.xxx outside mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 ip address outside 213.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.255.128 ip address inside 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip audit info action alarm ip audit attack action alarm ip local pool VPN 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.110 pdm location 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.128 outside pdm location 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside pdm location 217.yyy.yyy.yyy 255.255.255.255 outside pdm location SERVER 255.255.255.255 inside pdm logging informational 100 pdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_outbound_nat0_acl nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 213.xxx.xxx.xxx 3389 SERVER 3389 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 213.xxx.xxx.xxx smtp SERVER smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 213.xxx.xxx.xxx https SERVER https netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 213.xxx.xxx.xxx www SERVER www netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface imap4 SERVER imap4 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 993 SERVER 993 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 465 SERVER 465 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface ftp SERVER ftp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 access-group outside_acl in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 213.zzz.zzz.zzz timeout xlate 0:05:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h225 1:00:00 timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout sip-disconnect 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute aaa-server TACACS+ protocol tacacs+ aaa-server TACACS+ max-failed-attempts 3 aaa-server TACACS+ deadtime 10 aaa-server RADIUS protocol radius aaa-server RADIUS max-failed-attempts 3 aaa-server RADIUS deadtime 10 aaa-server RADIUS (inside) host SERVER *** timeout 10 aaa-server LOCAL protocol local http server enable http 217.yyy.yyy.yyy 255.255.255.255 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server community public no snmp-server enable traps floodguard enable sysopt connection permit-ipsec crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 match address outside_cryptomap_dyn_20 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 40 match address outside_cryptomap_dyn_40 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 40 set transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 60 match address outside_cryptomap_dyn_60 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 60 set transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 80 match address outside_cryptomap_dyn_80 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 80 set transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map crypto map outside_map client authentication RADIUS LOCAL crypto map outside_map interface outside isakmp enable outside isakmp policy 20 authentication pre-share isakmp policy 20 encryption 3des isakmp policy 20 hash md5 isakmp policy 20 group 2 isakmp policy 20 lifetime 86400 telnet 217.yyy.yyy.yyy 255.255.255.255 outside telnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside telnet timeout 5 ssh 217.yyy.yyy.yyy 255.255.255.255 outside ssh 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 management-access inside console timeout 0 dhcpd address 192.168.1.20-192.168.1.40 inside dhcpd dns SERVER 195.184.xxx.xxx dhcpd wins SERVER dhcpd lease 3600 dhcpd ping_timeout 750 dhcpd auto_config outside dhcpd enable inside : end I have Kiwi SysLog running but could use some pointers in that regard to narrow down the torrent of log messages, if that helps?!

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• Observing flow control idle time in TCP

  - by user12820842

  Previously I described how to observe congestion control strategies during transmission, and here I talked about TCP's sliding window approach for handling flow control on the receive side. A neat trick would now be to put the pieces together and ask the following question - how often is TCP transmission blocked by congestion control (send-side flow control) versus a zero-sized send window (which is the receiver saying it cannot process any more data)? So in effect we are asking whether the size of the receive window of the peer or the congestion control strategy may be sub-optimal. The result of such a problem would be that we have TCP data that we could be transmitting but we are not, potentially effecting throughput. So flow control is in effect: when the congestion window is less than or equal to the amount of bytes outstanding on the connection. We can derive this from args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna, i.e. the difference between the next sequence number to send and the lowest unacknowledged sequence number; and when the window in the TCP segment received is advertised as 0 We time from these events until we send new data (i.e. args[4]-tcp_seq = snxt value when window closes. Here's the script: #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::send / (args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna) = args[3]-tcps_cwnd / { cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = timestamp; cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = args[3]-tcps_snxt; @numclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] && args[4]-tcp_seq = cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] / { @meantimeclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = avg(timestamp - cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @stddevtimeclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = stddev(timestamp - cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @numclosed["cwnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); cwndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; cwndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; } tcp:::receive / args[4]-tcp_window == 0 && (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = timestamp; swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = args[3]-tcps_snxt; @numclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_saddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] && args[4]-tcp_seq = swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] / { @meantimeclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = avg(timestamp - swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); @stddevtimeclosed["swnd", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = stddev(timestamp - swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid]); swndclosed[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; swndsnxt[args[1]-cs_cid] = 0; } END { printf("%-6s %-20s %-8s %-25s %-8s %-8s\n", "Window", "Remote host", "Port", "TCP Avg WndClosed(ns)", "StdDev", "Num"); printa("%-6s %-20s %-8d %@-25d %@-8d %@-8d\n", @meantimeclosed, @stddevtimeclosed, @numclosed); } So this script will show us whether the peer's receive window size is preventing flow ("swnd" events) or whether congestion control is limiting flow ("cwnd" events). As an example I traced on a server with a large file transfer in progress via a webserver and with an active ssh connection running "find / -depth -print". Here is the output: ^C Window Remote host Port TCP Avg WndClosed(ns) StdDev Num cwnd 10.175.96.92 80 86064329 77311705 125 cwnd 10.175.96.92 22 122068522 151039669 81 So we see in this case, the congestion window closes 125 times for port 80 connections and 81 times for ssh. The average time the window is closed is 0.086sec for port 80 and 0.12sec for port 22. So if you wish to change congestion control algorithm in Oracle Solaris 11, a useful step may be to see if congestion really is an issue on your network. Scripts like the one posted above can help assess this, but it's worth reiterating that if congestion control is occuring, that's not necessarily a problem that needs fixing. Recall that congestion control is about controlling flow to prevent large-scale drops, so looking at congestion events in isolation doesn't tell us the whole story. For example, are we seeing more congestion events with one control algorithm, but more drops/retransmission with another? As always, it's best to start with measures of throughput and latency before arriving at a specific hypothesis such as "my congestion control algorithm is sub-optimal".

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• OS X, Mercurial and MediaTemple problem

  - by bschaeffer

  I've installed Mercurial per MT's knowledge base file here. Working with it server side using ssh from my Mac works fine. I can initialize repositories and the like, but pulling from the server or pushing from my Mac produces an error I don't understand. Here's what I get when call hg push from my local installation (hash marks represent my server number): remote: Traceback (most recent call last): remote: File "/home/#####/users/.home/data/mercurial-1.5/hg", line 27, in ? remote: mercurial.dispatch.run() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 16, in run remote: sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:])) remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 21, in dispatch remote: u = _ui.ui() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/ui.py", line 38, in __init__ remote: for f in util.rcpath(): remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/util.py", line 1200, in rcpath remote: _rcpath = os_rcpath() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/util.py", line 1174, in os_rcpath remote: path = system_rcpath() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/posix.py", line 41, in system_rcpath remote: path.extend(rcfiles(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]) + remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/posix.py", line 30, in rcfiles remote: rcs.extend([os.path.join(rcdir, f) remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/demandimport.py", line 75, in __getattribute__ remote: self._load() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/demandimport.py", line 47, in _load remote: mod = _origimport(head, globals, locals) remote: ImportError: No module named osutil abort: no suitable response from remote hg! Mercurial on my Mac is configured as follows [ui] username = John Smith editor = te -w remotecmd = ~/data/mercurial-1.5/hg My local single repo is configured as follows (hash marks represent my server number): [paths] default = ssh://mysite.com@s#####.gridserver.com/domains/mysite.com/html Mercurial on the server is configured with a just a username: [ui] username = John Smith The server .bash_profile is configured as follows (per the installation guide): # Aliases alias ls-a='ls -a -l' # Added this as suggested by the MediaTemple guide export PYTHONPATH=${HOME}/lib/python:$PYTHONPATH export PATH=${HOME}/bin:$PATH I understand this probably isn't a MediaTemple problem, but more likely an installation problem. I would really appreciate any assitance on this problem. Thanks in advance!

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• git push merge error, but git pull is already up-to-date. Tried reclone, same problem.

  - by Jasie

  I do: git commit . git push error: Entry 'file.php' not uptodate. Cannot merge. Then I do git pull Already up-to-date. What do I do? I just want to get the latest version from the remote copy, and overwrite anything on my local copy. Edit: I tried everything. I deleted my local repo, and git clone ssh://[email protected]/directory ... Checking out files: 100%, done. git status On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean) All looks good, right? Pull just in case. git pull Already up-to-date. I make a one line change in a file to see if I can push it. git commit . [master 1e18af1] Rando change 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) git push Counting objects: 13, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 646 bytes, done. Total 7 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) From /directory d6d61aa..1e18af1 master -> origin/master error: Entry 'someotherfile.php' not uptodate. Cannot merge. Updating b8f9a54..1e18af1 To ssh://[email protected]/directory d6d61aa..1e18af1 master - master I have no idea what's going on! How can I commit/pull again normally? Thanks very much!

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• git push error 'remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)'

  - by hap497

  Hi, Yesterday, I post a question regarding how to clone a git repository from 1 of my machine to another. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2808177/how-can-i-git-clone-from-another-machine/2809612#2809612 I am able to successfully clone a git repository from my src (192.168.1.2) to my dest (192.168.1.1). But when I did an edit to a file and then do a 'git commit -a -m "test"' and then do a git push. I get this error on my dest (192.168.1.1): git push [email protected]'s password: Counting objects: 21, done. Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done. Writing objects: 100% (11/11), 1010 bytes, done. Total 11 (delta 9), reused 0 (delta 0) error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match error: the work tree to HEAD. error: error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some error: other way. error: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'. To git+ssh://[email protected]/media/LINUXDATA/working ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out) error: failed to push some refs to 'git+ssh://[email protected]/media/LINUXDATA/working' I have 2 version of git, will that causes this problem? I have git 1.7 on 192.168.1.2 (src) but git 1.5 on 192.168.1.1 (dest). I appreciate if someone can help me with this. Thank you.

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• How would the conversion of a custom CMS using a text-file-based database to Drupal be tackled?

  - by James Morris

  Just today I've started using Drupal for a site I'm designing/developing. For my own site http://jwm-art.net I wrote a user-unfriendly CMS in PHP. My brief experience with Drupal is making me want to convert from the CMS I wrote. A CMS whose sole method (other than comments) of automatically publishing content is by logging in via SSH and using NANO to create a plain text file in a format like so*: head<<END_HEAD title = Audio keywords= open,source,audio,sequencing,sampling,synthesis descr = Music, noise, and audio, created by James W. Morris. parent = home END_HEAD main<<END_MAIN text<<END_TEXT Digital music, noise, and audio made exclusively with @=xlink=http://www.linux-sound.org@:Linux Audio Software@_=@. END_TEXT image=gfb@--@;Accompanying image for penonpaper-c@right ilink=audio_2008 br= ilink=audio_2007 br= ilink=audio_2006 END_MAIN info=text<<END_TEXT I've been making PC based music since the early nineties - fortunately most of it only exists as tape recordings. END_TEXT ( http://jwm-art.net/dark.php?p=audio - There's just over 400 pages on there. ) *The jounal-entry form which takes some of the work out of it, has mysteriously broken. And it still required SSH access to copy the file to the main dat dir and to check I had actually remembered the format correctly and the code hadn't mis-formatted anything (which it always does). I don't want to drop all the old content (just some), but how much work would be involved in converting it, factoring into account I've been using Drupal for a day, have not written any PHP for a couple of years, and have zero knowledge of SQL? How might a team of developers tackle this? How do-able is it for one guy in his spare time?

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• git pull not working

  - by dorelal

  I am not using github. We have git setup on our machine. I created a branch from master called experiment. However when I am trying to do git pull I am getting following message. > git pull You asked me to pull without telling me which branch you want to merge with, and 'branch.experiment.merge' in your configuration file does not tell me either. Please specify which branch you want to merge on the command line and try again (e.g. 'git pull <repository> <refspec>'). See git-pull(1) for details. Here is result of git remote show origin > git remote show origin * remote origin Fetch URL: ssh://git.domain.com/var/git/app.git Push URL: ssh://git.domain.com/var/git/app.git HEAD branch: master Remote branches: experiment tracked master tracked Local branches configured for 'git pull': master merges with remote master Local refs configured for 'git push': experiment pushes to experiment (local out of date) master pushes to master (up to date) As I read the message above experiment is mapped to origin/experiment. And my local repository knows that it is out of date. Then why I am not able to do git pull?

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• How many files in a directory is too many?

  - by Kip

  Does it matter how many files I keep in a single directory? If so, how many files in a directory is too many, and what are the impacts of having too many files? (This is on a Linux server.) Background: I have a photo album website, and every image uploaded is renamed to an 8-hex-digit id (say, a58f375c.jpg). This is to avoid filename conflicts (if lots of "IMG0001.JPG" files are uploaded, for example). The original filename and any useful metadata is stored in a database. Right now, I have somewhere around 1500 files in the images directory. This makes listing the files in the directory (through FTP or SSH client) take a few seconds. But I can't see that it has any affect other than that. In particular, there doesn't seem to be any impact on how quickly an image file is served to the user. I've thought about reducing the number of images by making 16 subdirectories: 0-9 and a-f. Then I'd move the images into the subdirectories based on what the first hex digit of the filename was. But I'm not sure that there's any reason to do so except for the occasional listing of the directory through FTP/SSH.

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• running bash scripts in php

  - by HDawg

  I have two computers. On the first computer I have apache running with all my web code. On the second computer I have large amounts of data stored with a retrieval script (the script usually takes hours to run). I am essentially creating a web UI to access this data without any time delay. so I call: exec("bash initial.bash"); this is a driver script that is in my Apache folder. It calls the script on the other computer. calling: ssh otherMachine temp.bash& this script invokes the data retrieval script on the second computer. If I call initial.bash in the terminal, everything works smoothly and successfully, but if I call it in my PHP file, then all my commands in initial.bash run, with the exception of ssh otherMachine temp.bash&. I put the & at the end of that, so that temp.bash will run in the background, since it does take a few hours to complete. I am not sure why the nested script is not running when invoked by Apache. Is there a better alternative than using exec or shell_exec to call a script, which ultimately calls another script. The reason I don't call a script on the second machine directly is because of the time it takes the program to run. Shell_exec does not render the php page until the script is complete.

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• forkpty - socket

  - by Alexxx

  Hi, I'm trying to develop a simple "telnet/server" daemon which have to run a program on a new socket connection. This part working fine. But I have to associate my new process to a pty, because this process have some terminal capabilities (like a readline). The code I've developped is (where socketfd is the new socket file descriptor for the new input connection) : int masterfd, pid; const char *prgName = "..."; char *arguments[10] = ....; if ((pid = forkpty(&masterfd, NULL, NULL, NULL)) < 0) perror("FORK"); else if (pid) return pid; else { close(STDOUT_FILENO); dup2(socketfd, STDOUT_FILENO); close(STDIN_FILENO); dup2(socketfd, STDIN_FILENO); close(STDERR_FILENO); dup2(socketfd, STDERR_FILENO); if (execvp(prgName, arguments) < 0) { perror("execvp"); exit(2); } } With that code, the stdin / stdout / stderr file descriptor of my "prgName" are associated to the socket (when looking with ls -la /proc/PID/fd), and so, the terminal capabilities of this process doesn't work. A test with a connection via ssh/sshd on the remote device, and executing "localy" (under the ssh connection) prgName, show that the stdin/stdout/stderr fd of this process "prgName" are associated to a pty (and so the terminal capabilities of this process are working fine). What I am doing wrong? How to associate my socketfd with the pty (created by forkpty) ? Thank Alex

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• make local only daemon listening on different interface (using iptables port forwarding)?

  - by UniIsland

  i have a daemon program which listens on 127.0.0.1:8000. i need to access it when i connect to my box with vpn. so i want it to listen on the ppp0 interface too. i've tried the "ssh -L" method. it works, but i don't think it's the right way to do that, having an extra ssh process running in the background. i tried the "netcat" method. it exits when the connection is closed. so not a valid way for "listening". i also tried several iptables rules. none of them worked. i'm not listing here all the rules i've used. iptables -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ppp+ -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:8000 the above ruleset doesn't work. i have net.ipv4.ip_forward set to 1. anyone knows how to redirect traffic from ppp interface to lo? say, listen on "192.168.45.1:8000 (ppp0)" as well as "127.0.0.1:8000 (lo)" there's no need to alter the port. thanx

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• NIS password mapping question

  - by papoyan

  I have NIS server with user "techsupport", which has uid/gid = 517 I've configured NIS and NFS on that server, as well as NFS/NIS client on the remote web server. Now I need to techsupport user to be able to login to web server using techsupport username, but HAVE root privileges. I need this, so I can easily track, which support agent doing what on the web server. Everything works fine, when from NIS server, I ssh to the web server with tech support user nisserver# ssh [email protected] I can authenticate against the NIS server just fine, and my home directory that is on NIS server, get's mounted on web server just fine. The Only two problems I have are : my GID on web server is webserver# id uid=517(techsupport) gid=517(client_jonny) groups=517(client_jonny) (as you can see, that it picked up gid of a client that exists on the web server, since it's same number) I need to make sure, that my "techsupport" user has ROOT privileges. How can I achieve this? I remember that I've seen identical results elsewhere, but LDAP was used, is there a way to achieve this with NIS/NFS setup? Thank you in advance,

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• Backing up my locally hosted rails apps in preparation for OS upgrade

  - by stephen murdoch

  I have some apps running on Heroku. I will be upgrading my OS in two weeks. The last time I upgraded though (6 months ago) I ran into some problems. Here's what I did: copied all my rails apps onto DVD upgraded OS transferred rails apps from DVD to new OS Then, after setting up new SSH-keys I tried to push to some of my heroku apps and, whilst I can't remember the exact error message off-hand, it more or less amounted to "fatal exception the remote end hung up" So I know that I'm doing something wrong here. First of all, is there any need for me to be putting my heroku hosted rails apps onto DVD? Would I be better just pulling all my apps from their heroku repos once I've done the upgrade? What do others do here? The reason I stuck them on DVD is because I tend to push a specific production branch to Heroku and sometimes omit large development files from it... Secondly, was this problem caused by SSH keys? Should I have backed up the old keys and transferred them from my old OS to my new one too, or is Heroku perfectly happy to let you change OS's like that? My solution in the end was to just create new heroku apps and reassign the custom domain names in heroku add-ons menu... I never actually though of pulling from the heroku repos as I tend to push a specific branch to heroku and that branch doesn't always have all the development files in it... I realise that the error message I mentioned doesn't particularly help anyone but I didn't think to remember it 6 months ago. Any advice would be appreciated PS - when I say upgrade, I mean full install of the new version with full format of the HDD.

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• php (rar) i want to rar a folder using rar on Ubuntu (linux) by php (on dedi server) noob

  - by Steve

  hey guyz i want rar (not tar) my folder on my server by using php RAR RAR 3.93 Copyright (c) 1993-2010 Alexander Roshal 15 Mar 2010 Registered to my real name OS Ubuntu Release (Karmic) kernel linux 2.6.32.2-xxxx-grs-ipv4-32 Gnome 2.28.1 latest php an lighthttpd i have tried these things http://php.net/manual/en/function.escapeshellarg.php // may be wrong code http://php.net/manual/en/function.exec.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.shell-exec.php my command (working in ssh and nautilus script) rar a -m0 /where/file/will/saved/file_name.rar /location/ti/data/dir/datafolder php code $log=Shell_exec("rar a -m0 /where/file/will/saved/file_name.rar /location/ti/data/dir/datafolder"); echo $log; one method is left which i don't know how to use and its working on server that is by somefile_to_execute_command.sh i have to execute .sh file from php need to send some variables (command) and i tried this method can rar file with a script named RapidLeech but its rar from only its own files dir only :( but i want to do in different directories. Rapid Leech rar class http://paste2.org/p/791668 i m able run shell command with php (cp(copy),mv(move),ls(directory list),rm(remove aka delete)) but got failed to run rar i gives no output i also tried to given path rar and i used alot commands with php Shell_exec function and working like they work with ssh and i have tried almost 80 % method given on net and failed from last 3days i m over now plz help me i need php script file working plz reply if u have any info n code and experience about rar and this kinda :( problem i m 99% noob just used code mean search Google collect script make my own working thing (for personal use only) n now i m failed to rar folder and file :(( now plz provide me code plz don't talk in technical language because i m just reading my first php book (for dummies :D) mean noob and 0.1 plz help me as much u can thankx

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• .NET How would I build a DAL to meet my requirments?

  - by Jonno

  Assuming that I must deploy an asp.net app over the following 3 servers: 1) DB - not public 2) 'middle' - not public 3) Web server - public I am not allowed to connect from the web server to the DB directly. I must pass through 'middle' - this is purely to slow down an attacker if they breached the web server. All db access is via stored procedures. No table access. I simply want to provide the web server with a ado dataset (I know many will dislike this, but this is the requirement). Using asmx web services - it works, but XML serialisation is slow and it's an extra set of code to maintain and deploy. Using a ssh/vpn tunnel so that the one connects to the db 'via' the middle server, seems to remove any possible benefit of maintaining 'middle'. Using WCF binary/tcp removes the XML problem, but still there is extra code. Is there an approach that provides the ease of ssh/vpn, but the potential benefit of having the dal on the middle server? Many thanks.

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• Eclipse CDT setup for remote build

  - by Posco Grubb

  Is there a better way to setup Eclipse CDT for local editing and remote building? I am working on a C++ project that uses GNU make in Linux. The code is under CVS on a Linux server. When I'm in the lab, I use Eclipse CDT on a Linux-x64 PC. The project is built on a Linux-x86 PC. All the computers in the lab (including the CVS server) have NFS mounts. When I'm at home, I use Eclipse CDT on a Windows 7 PC. The Windows PC connects to the Linux CVS server via SSH tunnel. To edit source, I rsync the C++ project under the Linux Eclipse workspace back to my Windows Eclipse workspace. (I can also do a remote CVS checkout on the Windows PC.) To build from home, I use a custom build command that SSH's to the Linux-x86 PC, rsync's the C++ project from my Windows Eclipse workspace to my Linux Eclipse workspace, and then runs make on the Liunx-x86 PC, specifying the correct path for the Makefile. In order to go back and forth between lab and home without committing my changes to CVS every time, I use rsync. When I transition from lab to home, I rsync sources to my Windows Eclipse workspace. When I build from home, the sources get rsync'd back to the Linux Eclipse workspace. Is there a better, less wonky way to do this? (I'm NOT interested in remote debugging.)

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• Capistrano + Git + DreamHost

  - by Michael Sync

  Hello, I'm trying to deploy my rails application by using Passenger and Capistrano on Dreamhost. I'm using Git as a version control and we bought an account from GitHub. I have installed all required gems, Passenger and Capistrano in my local machine and I have cloned the repository of my project from GitHub in my local machine as wel. According to Dreamhost support, they have Passenger, Ruby, Rails and etc on their server as well. I'm currently following this article http://github.com/guides/deploying-with-capistrano for my deployment. The following is my deploy.rb. default_run_options[:pty] = true ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true # be sure to change these set :user, 'gituser' set :domain, 'github.com' set :application, 'MyProjectOnGit' #[email protected]:MyProjectOnGit.git # the rest should be good set :repository, "[email protected]:MyProjectOnGit.git" set :deploy_to, "/ruby.michaelsync.net/" set :deploy_via, :remote_cache set :scm, 'git' set :branch, 'master' set :git_shallow_clone, 1 set :scm_verbose, true set :use_sudo, false set :git_enable_submodules, 1 server domain, :app, :web role :db, domain, :primary => true set :ssh_options, { :forward_agent => true } namespace :deploy do task :restart do run "touch #{current_path}/tmp/restart.txt" end end When I run "cap deploy", I'm getting the error below. [deploy:update_code] exception while rolling back: Capistrano::ConnectionError, connection failed for: github.com (Net::SSH::AuthenticationFailed: gituser) connection failed for: github.com (Net::SSH::AuthenticationFailed: gituser) Thanks in advance..

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• Publish Git repository to SVN

  - by Ken Williams

  I and my small team work in Git, and the larger group uses Subversion. I'd like to schedule a cron job to publish our repositories current HEADs every hour into a certain directory in the SVN repo. I thought I had this figured out, but the recipe I wrote down previously doesn't seem to be working now: git clone ssh://me@gitserver/git-repo/Projects/ProjX px2 cd px2 svn mkdir --parents http://me@svnserver/svn/repo/play/me/fromgit/ProjX git svn init -s http://me@svnserver/svn/repo/play/me/fromgit/ProjX git svn fetch git rebase trunk master git svn dcommit Here's what happens when I attempt: % git clone ssh://me@gitserver/git-repo/Projects/ProjX px2 Cloning into 'ProjX'... ... % cd px2 % svn mkdir --parents http://me@svnserver/svn/repo/play/me/fromgit/ProjX Committed revision 123. % git svn init -s http://me@svnserver/svn/repo/play/me/fromgit/ProjX Using higher level of URL: http://me@svnserver/svn/repo/play/me/fromgit/ProjX => http://me@svnserver/svn/repo % git svn fetch W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably does not exist: (160013): Filesystem has no item: File not found: revision 100, path '/play/me/fromgit/ProjX' W: Do not be alarmed at the above message git-svn is just searching aggressively for old history. This may take a while on large repositories % git rebase trunk master fatal: Needed a single revision invalid upstream trunk I could have sworn this worked previously, anyone have any suggestions? Thanks.

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• How can I get git to work with a remote server?

  - by Adrienne

  I am the CM person for a small company that just started using Git. We have two Git repositories currently hosted on a Windows box that is our all-purpose Windows server. But, we just set up a dedicated server for our CM software on an Ubuntu Linux server named "Callisto". So I created a test Git repository on Callisto. I gave its directory all of the proper permissions recursively. I had the sysadmin create a login for me on Callisto, and I created a key to use for logging in via SSH. I set up my key to use a passphrase; I don't know if that could be contributing to my problems? Anyway, I know my SSH login works because I tested it through puTTY. But, even after hours of trials and head scratching, I can't get my Windows Git bash (mSysGit) to talk to Callisto for the purposes of pushing or pulling Callisto's git repository files. I keep getting "Fatal error. The remote end hung up unexpectedly." And I've even gotten the error that Git doesn't recognize the test repository on Callisto as a git repository. I read online that the "Fatal error...hung up unexpectedly" is usually a problem with the server connection or permissions. So what am I missing or overlooking here? And why doesn't a pull using the git:// protocol work, since that only uses read-only access? Group and public permissions for the git repository's directory on Callisto are set to read and execute, but not write. If anyone could help, I would be so grateful. Thank you.

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• SQL Error (2003): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'X.X.X.X.' (10051) - What does this error mean?

  - by BeeS

  I get following error when i try to connect via "HeidiSQL" to my database server (local network) SQL Error (2003): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'X.X.X.X.' (10051) SSH Connection via Putty works fine. I checked the my.cnf file on the server (Ubuntu), but settings like bind_address are correct. Is it possible that my wireless modem (SpeedTouch) makes this trouble? (Because my provider changed the download speed) !? Thank you very much for your help!

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• Xubuntu vs Ubuntu 10.04 Performance

  - by wag2639

  I know it just came out today, but are there any statistics with memory requirements, system resources, power usage, and performance to decide which is better Xubuntu or Ubuntu (XFCE vs Gnome)? My main concern is running it as secondary OS on my Lenovo T400 laptop to just get online quickly and using SSH from a terminal to connect to remote web servers.

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• Multiple git repos in plesk virtual hosts

  - by icc97

  Each plesk vhost only has one user access that httpdocs directory. I want to manage a whole bunch of separate virtual hosts using Git. Does this mean installing a separate Git repository with a separate user / ssh public key combination for each virtual host or is there a way of centralising it at all? Gitosis sounds like it might help - but I'm not sure if it gets round pushing the files to each virtual host.

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• Slow local file transfer (copy) on ESX vmware server?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I have a 8 CPU VmWare ESX server (3.5) with 4 HDD drives in RAID that is not loaded at all. I enabled SSH and installed mc (midnight commander) in order to be able to copy(clone) virtual machines but I observed that if does copy the files very slow - around 3.5mb/s on local drive. Why is this happening and how should I solve the issue?

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• `svn checkout` on the SVN server causes the repo to break with a 301 error

  - by Phillip Oldham

  We have an nginx server which proxies to a standard set-up of Apache+SVN. The nginx set-up is a very simple proxy: server { server_name svn.ourdomain.tld; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8080; } } Apache is set-up as follows: <Location /> DAV svn SVNParentPath /var/svn AuthType Basic AuthName "Authentication Required" AuthUserFile /var/svn/.auth Require valid-user </Location> ...which allows us to access repositories using something like http://svn.ourdomain.tld/repo. We've been running this set-up now for about 2 years without issue. Recently we've found that we need to check out one of the repositories onto the server itself, however whenever we do so it seems to break the repo. From that point on, it will only respond with a 301 Moved Permanently error. We've tried: svn co file:///path/to/repo svn co svn://localhost/repo svn co svn://svn.ourdomain.tld/repo svn co svn+ssh://localhost/repo svn co svn+ssh://svn.ourdomain.tld/repo svn co http://localhost/repo svn co http://svn.ourdomain.tld/repo Also tried bypassing nginx, and get the same error: svn co http://localhost:8080/repo svn co http://svn.ourdomain.tld:8080/repo Checking out from a different machine works as expected until we attempt to check out on the server, after that it refuses with the same 301 error. What is more confusing is that this repository server also hosts our HudsonCI server, which can pulls and builds our projects hourly. This leads us to suspect that it's the svn client which is causing an error in communication. Its also very confusing that removing then re-creating the repo using svnadmin doesn't reset the error - the repo is still unavailable even though it's "new"! Restarting apache and subversion (svnserve) has no effect on this, or the original error. Version information: OS: 64-bit CentOS 4.2, 2.6.27 kernel svn client: 1.4.2 (same for both server and remote clients) svn server: 1.4.2 httpd: 2.2.3 UPDATE: This also happens with svn export when run on the repo server. Ran from any other box/client, there isn't a problem. Here's the workflow, to help clarify the error: [~repo-server~]# svnadmin create {repo}; chown -Rf www:www {repo} [remote-client]# svn checkout http://svn.ourdomain.tld/repo [remote-client]# svn add file; svn ci -m '' [~repo-server~]# cd /var/www; svn export file:///path/to/repo/trunk ourproject [remote-client]# svn update fails with 301 error I can also confirm that the hostname of the box doesn't have an effect here, which is very odd: whether or not svn.ourdomain.tld is added to /etc/hosts it still breaks - we thought it could be an issue with localhost routing, but that doesn't seem to be the case. Are we missing something in the documentation which states you can't checkout a repo when the server is on the same box? How can we stop the repos becoming corrupt when we checkout locally?

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