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  • Is it good practice to generally make heavyweight classes non-copyable?

    - by Emile Cormier
    I have a Shape class containing potentially many vertices, and I was contemplating making copy-constructor/copy-assignment private to prevent accidental needless copying of my heavyweight class (for example, passing by value instead of by reference). To make a copy of Shape, one would have to deliberately call a "clone" or "duplicate" method. Is this good practice? I wonder why STL containers don't use this approach, as I rarely want to pass them by value.

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  • Are there programming languages taht rely on non-latin alphabets?

    - by Jaxsun
    Every programming language I have ever seen has been based on the Latin alphabet, this is not surprising considering I live in Canada... But it only really makes sense that there would be programming languages based on other alphabets, or else bright computer scientists across the world would have to learn a new alphabet to go on in the field. I know for a fact that people in countries dominated by other alphabets develop languages based off the Latin alphabet (eg. Ruby from Japan), but just how common is it for programming languages to be based off of other alphabets like Arabic, or Cyrillic, or even writing systems which are not alphabetic but rather logographic in nature such as Japanese Kanji? Also are any of these languages in active widespread use, or are they mainly used as teaching tools? This is something that has bugged me since I started programming, and I have never run across someone who could think of a real answer.

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  • How can my CGI program access non-browseable files?

    - by Zerobu
    I was wondering if it was possible to read a text file that was located in a directory called "/home/user/files" I wanted to read it from my cgi-bin which is located in /home/user/cgi-bi/ Below is my code, #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use CGI; #Virtual Directory #Steffan Harris eval { use constant PASSWORD => 'perl'; use constant UPLOAD_DIR => '/home/sharris2/files'; sub mapToFile { print chdir UPLOAD_DIR; } #This function will list all files in a directory. sub listDirectoryFiles { chdir UPLOAD_DIR; my @files = <*>; mapToFile; print<<LIST; <h2>Current Files</h2> <ul> LIST if(!$files[0]) { print" </ul>\n<em>No files in directory</em>"; } foreach(@files) { print" <li>$_</li>"; } print " </ul>\n"; } #This function generates a 404 Not Found error sub generate404 { print<<RESPONSE; Status: 404 Not Found Content-Type: text/html <html> <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head> <body> <p> <h1>404 - Not Found</h1> </p> The requested URL <b>$ENV{"HTTP_HOST"}$ENV{"REQUEST_URI"}</b> was not found on the server. </body> </html> RESPONSE exit; } #This function checks the path info to see if it matches a file in the UPLOAD_DIR directory, If it does not, then it returns a 404 error sub checkExsistence { if($ENV{"PATH_INFO"}) { chdir UPLOAD_DIR; my @files = <*>; if(!$files[0] and $ENV{"PATH_INFO"} eq "/") { return; } foreach(@files) { if($ENV{"PATH_INFO"} eq "/".$_ || $ENV{"PATH_INFO"} eq "/") { print "yes"; return; } } generate404; } } sub checkPassword { my ($password, $cgi); $cgi = new CGI; $password = $cgi->param('passwd'); unless($password eq PASSWORD) { print<<RESPONSE; Status: 200 OK Content-Type: text/html <html> <head> <title>Incorrect Password</title> </head> <body> <h1>Invalid password entered.</h1> <h3><a href="/~sharris2/cgi-bin/files/">Go Back</a></h3> </body> RESPONSE exit; } } sub upLoadFile { checkPassword; my ($uploadfile, $cgi); $cgi = new CGI; $uploadfile = $cgi->upload('uploadfile'); chdir UPLOAD_DIR; $uploadfile or die "Did not receive a file to upload"; open my $FILE, '>', UPLOAD_DIR."/$uploadfile" or die "$!"; while(<$uploadfile>) { print $FILE $_; } } #Start of main part of program my $cgi = new CGI; if(!$ENV{"PATH_INFO"}) { print $cgi->redirect('/~sharris2/cgi-bin/files/'); } checkExsistence; if($ENV{"REQUEST_METHOD"} eq "POST") { upLoadFile; } print <<"HEADERS"; Status: 200 OK Content-Type: text/html HEADERS print <<"HTML"; <html> <head> <title>Virtual Directory</title> </head> <body> HTML listDirectoryFiles; print<<HTML; <h2>Upload a new file</h2> <form method = "POST" enctype = "multipart/form-data" action = "/~sharris2/cgi-bin/files/" /> File:<input type = "file" name="uploadfile"/> <p>Password: <input type = "password" name ="passwd"/></p> <p><input type = "submit" value= "Submit File" /></p> </form> </body> </html> HTML };

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  • Should i enforce realloc check if the new block size is smaller than the initial ?

    - by nomemory
    Can realloc fail in this case ? int *a = NULL; a = calloc(100, sizeof(*a)); printf("1.ptr: %d \n", a); a = realloc(a, 50 * sizeof(*a)); printf("2.ptr: %d \n", a); if(a == NULL){ printf("Is it possible?"); } return (0); } The output in my case is: 1.ptr: 4072560 2.ptr: 4072560 So 'a' points to the same adress. So should i enforce realloc check ? Later edit: Using MinGW compiler under Windows XP. Is the behaviour similar with gcc on Linux ? Later edit 2: Is it OK to check this way ? int *a = NULL, *b = NULL; a = calloc(100, sizeof(*a)); b = realloc(a, 50 * sizeof(*a)); if(b == NULL){ return a; } a = b; return a;

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  • Why my inner class DO see a NON static variable?

    - by Roman
    Earlier I had a problem when an inner anonymous class did not see a field of the "outer" class. I needed to make a final variable to make it visible to the inner class. Now I have an opposite situation. In the "outer" class "ClientListener" I use an inner class "Thread" and the "Thread" class I have the "run" method and does see the "earPort" from the "outer" class! Why? import java.io.IOException; import java.net.*; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class ClientsListener { private int earPort; // Constructor. public ClientsListener(int earPort) { this.earPort = earPort; } public void starListening() { Thread inputStreamsGenerator = new Thread() { public void run() { System.out.println(earPort); try { System.out.println(earPort); ServerSocket listeningSocket = new ServerSocket(earPort); Socket serverSideSocket = listeningSocket.accept(); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(serverSideSocket.getInputStream())); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(""); } } }; inputStreamsGenerator.start(); } }

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  • How do I reject if exists? for non-nested attributes?

    - by GoodGets
    Currently my controller lets a user submit muliple "links" at a time. It collects them into an array, creates them for that user, but catches any errors for the User to go back and fix. How can I ignore the creation of any links that already exist for that user? I know that I can use validates_uniqueness_of with a scope for that user, but I'd rather just ignore their creation completely. Here's my controller: @links = params[:links].values.collect{ |link| current_user.links.create(link) }.reject { |p| p.errors.empty? } Each link has a url, so I thought about checking if that link.url already exists for that user, but wasn't really sure how, or where, to do that. Should I tack this onto my controller somehow? Or should it be a new method in the model, like as in a before_validation Callback? (Note: these "links" are not nested, but they do belong_to :user.) So, I'd like to just be able to ignore the creation of these links if possible. Like if a user submits 5 links, but 2 of them already exist for him, then I'd just like for those 2 to be ignored, while the other 3 are created. How should I go about doing this?

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  • How do I create a non-editable GXT ComboBox?

    - by VogonPoet
    I'm using GWT/GXT and trying to create a "normal" ComboBox - one that you cannot type in, but you can type a single character and it will automatically go to the first item in the list that starts with that letter. So, I don't want it READONLY, I want it so that you cannot replace the text in it with your own text (can't type characters into it). I cannot figure out how to get ComboBox or SimpleComboBox to do this. I've tried every combination of settings on it to no avail. I did see there is a GXT ListBox, but i need a component that extends from Field. Is there really no way to do this or am I missing something?

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  • How to add some non standard font to website?

    - by vaske
    Is there any way to add some custom font on website without using images, flash or some other graphics. For example, I was working on some wedding website, and I was found a lot of nice fonts for that subject, but I can't find the right way to add that font on the server, and how to include that font with css into the html. Is this possible to do without graphics?

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  • How can I declare and initialize an array of pointers to a structure in C?

    - by worlds-apart89
    I have a small assignment in C. I am trying to create an array of pointers to a structure. My question is how can I initialize each pointer to NULL? Also, after I allocate memory for a member of the array, I can not assign values to the structure to which the array element points. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct list_node list_node_t; struct list_node { char *key; int value; list_node_t *next; }; int main() { list_node_t *ptr = (list_node_t*) malloc(sizeof(list_node_t)); ptr->key = "Hello There"; ptr->value = 1; ptr->next = NULL; // Above works fine // Below is erroneous list_node_t **array[10] = {NULL}; *array[0] = (list_node_t*) malloc(sizeof(list_node_t)); array[0]->key = "Hello world!"; //request for member ‘key’ in something not a structure or union array[0]->value = 22; //request for member ‘value’ in something not a structure or union array[0]->next = NULL; //request for member ‘next’ in something not a structure or union // Do something with the data at hand // Deallocate memory using function free return 0; }

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  • What explains the term orthogonal in a more non-nerd fashion?

    - by dontWatchMyProfile
    For example: Cardinality and optionality are orthogonal properties of a relationship. You can specify that a relationship is optional, even if you have specified upper and/or lower bounds. This means that there do not have to be any objects at the destination, but if there are then the number of objects must lie within the bounds specified. What exactly does "orthogonal" mean? I bet it's just a fancy soundig nerd-style word for something that could be expressed a lot easier to understand for average people ;) From wikipedia: In mathematics, two vectors are orthogonal if they are perpendicular, i.e., they form a right angle. The word comes from the Greek ????? (orthos), meaning "straight", and ????a (gonia), meaning "angle". Anyone?

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  • Any C/C++ to non-native bytecode compiler/interpreters?

    - by Matt
    As the title indicates, are there any C/C++ bytecode compilers/interpreters? I'm writing an application in an interpreted language that depends on certain libraries that are fully cross-compilable (there are no special flags to indicate code changes during compilation for a certain platform) but are written in C and C++. Rather than shipping n-platform-specific-libs with each platform, it would be nice to ship one set of libs which are interpreted by one platform specific interpreter. Possible and/or available?

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  • R Question. Numeric variable vs. Non-numeric and "names" function

    - by Michael
    > scores=cbind(UNCA.score, A.score, B.score, U.m.A, U.m.B) > names(scores)=c('UNCA.scores', 'A.scores', 'B.scores','UNCA.minus.A', 'UNCA.minus.B') > names(scores) [1] "UNCA.scores" "A.scores" "B.scores" "UNCA.minus.A" "UNCA.minus.B" > summary(UNCA.scores) X6.69230769230769 Min. : 4.154 1st Qu.: 7.333 Median : 8.308 Mean : 8.451 3rd Qu.: 9.538 Max. :12.000 > is.numeric(UNCA.scores) [1] FALSE > is.numeric(scores[,1]) [1] TRUE My question is, what is the difference between UNCA.scores and scores[,1]? UNCA.scores is the first column in the data.frame 'scores', but they are not the same thing, since one is numeric and the other isn't. If UNCA.scores is just a label here how can I make it be equivalent to 'scores[,1]? Thanks!

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  • Are there programming languages that rely on non-latin alphabets?

    - by Jaxsun
    Every programming language I have ever seen has been based on the Latin alphabet, this is not surprising considering I live in Canada... But it only really makes sense that there would be programming languages based on other alphabets, or else bright computer scientists across the world would have to learn a new alphabet to go on in the field. I know for a fact that people in countries dominated by other alphabets develop languages based off the Latin alphabet (eg. Ruby from Japan), but just how common is it for programming languages to be based off of other alphabets like Arabic, or Cyrillic, or even writing systems which are not alphabetic but rather logographic in nature such as Japanese Kanji? Also are any of these languages in active widespread use, or are they mainly used as teaching tools? This is something that has bugged me since I started programming, and I have never run across someone who could think of a real answer.

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  • Ad hoc network between iPhone and non iPhone devices???

    - by gn-mithun
    Is it possible to set up a ad hoc network between an iPhone and a totally different device like camera,scanner or printer and build a data tunnel between them to exchange data or services. I believe iPhone does not have the provision of creating an ad hoc network. So i am assuming that the other device are the initiator of the ad hoc network. I tried doing the same with a mac book and iPhone and i could surf on the phone after enabling internet sharing. But i wanted to make sure that its possible with other devices as well I believe the upcoming WiFi Direct is a way to do it.

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  • Are there any modern platforms with non-IEEE C/C++ float formats?

    - by Patrick Niedzielski
    Hi all, I am writing a video game, Humm and Strumm, which requires a network component in its game engine. I can deal with differences in endianness easily, but I have hit a wall in attempting to deal with possible float memory formats. I know that modern computers have all a standard integer format, but I have heard that they may not all use the IEEE standard for floating-point integers. Is this true? While certainly I could just output it as a character string into each packet, I would still have to convert to a "well-known format" of each client, regardless of the platform. The standard printf() and atod() would be inadequate. Please note, because this game is a Free/Open Source Software program that will run on GNU/Linux, *BSD, and Microsoft Windows, I cannot use any proprietary solutions, nor any single-platform solutions. Cheers, Patrick

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  • What was the most refreshingly honest non-technical comment you saw?

    - by DVK
    OK, so we all saw the lists of "funny" or "bad" comments. However, today, when maintaining an old stored procedure, I stumbled upon a comment which I couldn't classify other than "refreshingly brutally honest", left by a previous maintainer around a really freakish (both performance and readability-wise) page-long query: -- Feel free to optimize this if you can understand what it means So, in the first (and hopefully only) poll type question in my history of Stack Overflow, I'd like to hear some other "refreshingly brutally honest" code comments you encountered or written.

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  • Why Does Private Access Remain Non-Private in .NET Within a Class?

    - by AMissico
    While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Foo Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error because Foo doesn't know Jack _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error because Fred hides from Foo End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class

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  • What is the cheapest non-colocation way to serve about 10 static files at a rate of 100 megabits per

    - by Mark Maunder
    I've looked at Amazon S3 and it costs roughly $4746 per month for 100 megabits/s (which translates into 31,640 Gigabytes of data transferred. That's at a rate of $0.15 per gig.) I haven't found a cheaper "cloud" option. I'm curious if there's any other cloud hosting option out there cheaper than S3. Uptime is not an issue because I can build failover for most things into the browser. e.g. I can use javascript to say "if the image didn't load then go to this other URL instead." FYI I'm currently using a colocation facility which is about 30% cheaper than S3 and I'm familiar with colo prices - so this question is really about "cloud" services and by that I mean services where I don't have to worry about the infrastructure.

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  • Concise C# code for gathering several properties with a non-null value into a collection?

    - by stakx
    A fairly basic problem for a change. Given a class such as this: public class X { public T A; public T B; public T C; ... // (other fields, properties, and methods are not of interest here) } I am looking for a concise way to code a method that will return all A, B, C, ... that are not null in an enumerable collection. (Assume that declaring these fields as an array is not an option.) public IEnumerable<T> GetAllNonNullAs(this X x) { // ? } The obvious implementation of this method would be: public IEnumerable<T> GetAllNonNullAs(this X x) { var resultSet = new List<T>(); if (x.A != null) resultSet.Add(x.A); if (x.B != null) resultSet.Add(x.B); if (x.C != null) resultSet.Add(x.C); ... return resultSet; } What's bothering me here in particular is that the code looks verbose and repetitive, and that I don't know the initial List capacity in advance. It's my hope that there is a more clever way, probably something involving the ?? operator? Any ideas?

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  • How to ensure that no non-ascii unicode characters are entered ?

    - by Jacques René Mesrine
    Given a java.lang.String instance, I want to verify that it doesn't contain any unicode characters that are not ASCII alphanumerics. e.g. The string should be limited to [A-Za-z0-9.]. What I'm doing now is something very inefficient: import org.apache.commons.lang.CharUtils; String s = ...; char[] ch = s.toCharArray(); for( int i=0; i<ch.length; i++) { if( ! CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric( ch[ i ] ) throw new InvalidInput( ch[i] + " is invalid" ); } Is there a better way to solve this ?

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  • One or more rows contain values violating non-null, unique, or foreign-key constraints in SQL Script

    - by Musikero31
    Need help on this. I'm just wondering why this error occurred. Below is the script concerned. SELECT loc.ID ,loc.LocCode ,loc.LocName ,st.StateName ,reg.RegionName ,ctry.CountryName ,ISNULL(CONVERT(DATE, loc.UpdatedDate), CONVERT(DATE,loc.CreatedDate)) AS [ModifiedDate] ,stf.Name AS [ModifiedBy] FROM Spkr_Country AS ctry WITH (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN Spkr_Location AS loc WITH (NOLOCK) ON ctry.ID = loc.CountryID INNER JOIN Spkr_State AS st WITH (NOLOCK) ON loc.StateID = st.ID INNER JOIN Spkr_Region AS reg WITH (NOLOCK) ON loc.RegionID = reg.ID INNER JOIN Staff AS stf ON ISNULL(loc.UpdatedBy, loc.CreatedBy) = stf.StaffId WHERE (loc.IsActive = 1) AND ( (@LocCode = '') OR ( @LocCode <> '' AND loc.LocCode LIKE @LocCode + '%' ) ) AND ( (@RegionID < 1) OR ( @RegionID > 0 AND loc.RegionID = @RegionID ) ) AND ( (@StateID < 1) OR ( @StateID > 0 AND loc.StateID = @StateID ) ) AND ( (@CountryID < 1) OR ( @CountryID > 0 AND loc.CountryID = @CountryID ) ) The error probably occurred here INNER JOIN Staff AS stf ON ISNULL(loc.UpdatedBy, loc.CreatedBy) = stf.StaffId The requirement that I wanted is that if the loc.UpdatedBy is null, it will use the loc.CreatedBy column. However, when I used this, it generated the error mentioned. In the database, the loc.CreatedBy is not null while the loc.UpdatedBy is nullable. I checked it by running the script but it's working fine. How do I do with it? What's wrong with my code? Please help.

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  • How do I display non-normalized data in a hierarchical structure?

    - by rofly
    My issue is that I want to display data in a hierarchal structure as so: Democrat County Clerk Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Magistrate Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 But I'm retrieving the dataset like this: Party | Office | Candidate Democrat | County Clerk | Candidate 1 Democrat | County Clerk | Candidate 2 Democrat | Magistrate | Candidate 1 Democrat | Magistrate | Candidate 2 Democrat | Magistrate | Candidate 3 I planned on using nested repeaters, but I need a distinct value of Party, and then distinct values of office name within that party in order to do it. Are there any .NET functions to easily do what I'm attempting to? Would there be a better way of displaying the information other than repeaters? Thanks in advance!

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