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  • Dynamic State Machine in Ruby? Do State Machines Have to be Classes?

    - by viatropos
    Question is, are state machines always defined statically (on classes)? Or is there a way for me to have it so each instance of the class with has it's own set of states? I'm checking out Stonepath for implementing a Task Engine. I don't really see the distinction between "states" and "tasks" in there, so I'm thinking I could just map a Task directly to a state. This would allow me to be able to define task-lists (or workflows) dynamically, without having to do things like: aasm_event :evaluate do transitions :to => :in_evaluation, :from => :pending end aasm_event :accept do transitions :to => :accepted, :from => :pending end aasm_event :reject do transitions :to => :rejected, :from => :pending end Instead, a WorkItem (the main workflow/task manager model), would just have many tasks. Then the tasks would work like states, so I could do something like this: aasm_initial_state :initial tasks.each do |task| aasm_state task.name.to_sym end previous_state = nil tasks.each do |tasks| aasm_event task.name.to_sym do transitions :to => "#{task.name}_phase".to_sym, :from => previous_state ? "#{task.name}_phase" : "initial" end previous_state = state end However, I can't do that with the aasm gem because those methods (aasm_state and aasm_event) are class methods, so every instance of the class with that state machine has the same states. I want it so a "WorkItem" or "TaskList" dynmically creates a sequence of states and transitions based on the tasks it has. This would allow me to dynamically define workflows and just have states map to tasks. Are state machines ever used like this?

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  • Invoice Discount: Negative line items vs Internal properties

    - by FreshCode
    Should discount on invoice items and entire invoices be negative line items or separate properties of an invoice? In a similar question, Should I incorporate list of fees/discounts into an order class or have them be itemlines, the asker focuses more on orders than invoices (which is a slightly different business entity). Discount is proposed to be separate from order items since it is not equivalent to a fee or product and may have different reporting requirements. Hence, discount should not simply be a negative line item. Previously I have successfully used negative line items to clearly indicate and calculate discount, but this feels inflexible and inaccurate from a business perspective. Now I am opting to add discount to each line item, along with an invoice-wide discount. Is this the right way to do it? Should each item have its own discount amount and percentage? Domain Model Code Sample This is what my domain model, which maps to an SQL repository, looks like: public class Invoice { public int ID { get; set; } public Guid JobID { get; set; } public string InvoiceNumber { get; set; } public Guid UserId { get; set; } // user who created it public DateTime Date { get; set; } public decimal DiscountPercent { get; set; } // all lines discount %? public decimal DiscountAmount { get; set; } // all lines discount $? public LazyList<InvoiceLine> InvoiceLines { get; set; } public LazyList<Payment> Payments { get; set; } // for payments received public boolean IsVoided { get; set; } // Invoices are immutable. // To change: void -> new invoice. public decimal Total { get { return (1.0M - DiscountPercent) * InvoiceLines.Sum(i => i.LineTotal) - DiscountAmount; } } } public class InvoiceLine { public int ID { get; set; } public int InvoiceID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public decimal Quantity { get; set; } public decimal LineItemPrice { get; set; } public decimal DiscountPercent { get; set; } // line discount %? public decimal DiscountAmount { get; set; } // line discount amount? public decimal LineTotal { get { return (1.0M - DiscountPercent) * (this.Quantity * (this.LineItemPrice)) - DiscountAmount; } } }

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  • Enumerations and String values in ASP.NET

    - by Jason
    I'm looking for some best practice advice on enumerations and retrieving an associated string value. Given this: public enum SerialKillers { TedBundy, EdGein, AlbertFish, GeorgeBush } What is the best way to get a related string value of the name? Eg. "Ted Bundy", given that the string value may not match the representation in the enumeration. eg "George W Bush" My current thinking is function accepting an enum and returning a string, but would that not mean hard coding the string values (which I prefer not to do)? Is using a resources file where the string can be retrieved via the enumeration too heavy handed? Should I accept the fact I am going to Hell for victimising Ted Bundy by associating him with George Bush?

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  • Parametrized Strategy Pattern

    - by ott
    I have several Java classes which implement the strategy pattern. Each class has variable number parameters of different types: interface Strategy { public data execute(data); } class StrategyA implements Strategy { public data execute(data); } class StrategyB implements Strategy { public StrategyB(int paramA, int paramB); public data execute(data); } class StrategyB implements Strategy { public StrategyB(int paramA, String paramB, double paramC); public data execute(data); } Now I want that the user can enter the parameters in some kind of UI. The UI should be chosen at runtime, i.e. the strategies should be independent of it. The parameter dialog should not be monolithic and there should be the possibility to make it behave and look different for each strategy and UI (e.g. console or Swing). How would you solve this problem?

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  • Are endless loops in bad form?

    - by rlbond
    So I have some C++ code for back-tracking nodes in a BFS algorithm. It looks a little like this: typedef std::map<int> MapType; bool IsValuePresent(const MapType& myMap, int beginVal, int searchVal) { int current_val = beginVal; while (true) { if (current_val == searchVal) return true; MapType::iterator it = myMap.find(current_val); assert(current_val != myMap.end()); if (current_val == it->second) // end of the line return false; current_val = it->second; } } However, the while (true) seems... suspicious to me. I know this code works, and logically I know it should work. However, I can't shake the feeling that there should be some condition in the while, but really the only possible one is to use a bool variable just to say if it's done. Should I stop worrying? Or is this really bad form. EDIT: Thanks to all for noticing that there is a way to get around this. However, I would still like to know if there are other valid cases.

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  • How to secure Add child record functionality in MVC on Parent's view?

    - by RSolberg
    I'm trying to avoid some potential security issues as I expose some a new set of functionality into the real world. This is basically functionality that will allow for a new comment to be added via a partialview on the "Parent" page. My comment needs to know a couple of things, first what record is the comment for and secondly who is making the comment. I really don't like using a hidden field to store the ID for the Parent record in the add comment form as that can be easily changed with some DOM mods. How should I handle this? PARENT <% Html.RenderPartial("AddComment", Model.Comments); %> CHILD <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<CommentsViewModel>" %> <% using (Html.BeginForm("AddComment", "Requests")) {%> <fieldset> <legend>New Comment</legend> <%= Html.HiddenFor(p => p.RequestID) %> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(p => p.Text) %> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Add" /> </fieldset> <% } %> CONTROLLER [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public void AddComment(CommentsViewModel commentsModel) { var user = GetCurrentUser(); commentsModel.CreatedByID = user.UserID; RequestsService.AddComment(commentsModel); }

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  • Using C# and Repository Factory and the error: The requested database is not defined in configurati

    - by odiseh
    hi I am using Repository factory for visual studio 2008 for a personal project. It generated a class called ProductRepository which inherits from Repository. The ProductRepository has a constructor which gets a database name as string and passes it to its base (I mean Repository ). So when I try to debug my project step by step, I pass my database name to ProductRepository but it raises the following error: The requested database is not defined in configuration. What's wrong?

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  • Deploying software on compromised machines

    - by Martin
    I've been involved in a discussion about how to build internet voting software for a general election. We've reached a general consensus that there exist plenty of secure methods for two way authentication and communication. However, someone came along and pointed out that in a general election some of the machines being used are almost certainly going to be compromised. To quote: Let me be an evil electoral fraudster. I want to sample peoples votes as they vote and hope I get something scandalous. I hire a bot-net from some really shady dudes who control 1000 compromised machines in the UK just for election day. I capture the voting habits of 1000 voters on election day. I notice 5 of them have voted BNP. I look these users up and check out their machines, I look through their documents on their machine and find out their names and addresses. I find out one of them is the wife of a tory MP. I leak 'wife of tory mp is a fascist!' to some blogger I know. It hits the internet and goes viral, swings an election. That's a serious problem! So, what are the best techniques for running software where user interactions with the software must be kept secret, on a machine which is possibly compromised?

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  • Is this the correct way of speaking to a "Content Manager" Class?

    - by DeanMc
    I am creating a silverlight site. I am currently breaking out my ideas into pieces of functionality. One of the idea's I have is the concept of a content manager. This is essentially a UI control with 4 regions. Top, Bottom, Right & Left. I also have a collection of objects that are considered "Menu Items". These are controls that function as a way to navigate around, similar to links. The idea I have is to implement an IMenuItem interface. Among the standard pieces of information (Text, PageReference, etc) I was also going to hold a reference to the content manager. My idea behind this thinking is that I can pass the PageReference to a property on the ContentManager and then call a method which knows how to update the content manager accordingly. Is this the best way of implementing this or is their some sort of pattern for it?

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  • MVVM Good Design. DataSet or a RowViewModel

    - by LnDCobra
    I have just started learning MVVM and having a dilemna. If I have a a main ViewModel and inside this model I have a number of datasets. Now should I be creating a new ViewModel for each row inside the dataset? Or expose the DataSet itself as a DependencyProperty? For now the dataset has about 20 rows inside it, and the thought of iterating through each row to create a ViewModel binding to each row.... might not be the best option for performance reasons and memory reasons in the future, like when there are 1000+ rows. Should I still go ahead and create a RowViewModel and iterate through the dataset? And have an ObservableCollection of it or just expose the dataset? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Blueprint CSS and Separation of Presentation and Content When Designing Forms

    - by Merritt
    Is it possible to use Blueprint CSS and maintain a a respectable level of separation between presentation and content? I like how easy the framework is to use when designing forms, but am worried that the manner in which I use the css classes for columnizing elements is a bad practice. For instance, say I have a 3 field form designed using blueprint: <div class="container"> <form action="" method="post" class="inline"> <fieldset> <legend>Example</legend> <div class="span-3"> <label for="a">Label A:</label> <input type="text" class="text" id="a" name="a" > </div> <div class="span-2"> <label for="b">Label B:</label> <input type="text" class="text" id="b" name="b" > </div> <div class="span-3"> <label for="o">Label O:</label> <input type="checkbox" id="o" name="o" value="true" checked="checked" class="checkbox">checkbox one </div> <div class="span-2 last"> <input type="submit" value="submit" class="button"> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> Is using a class attribute with names like "span-2", "inline", and "last" a bad practice? Or am I missing the point?

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  • How much abstraction is too much?

    - by Daniel Bingham
    In an Object Oriented Program: How much abstraction is too much? How much is just right? I have always been a nuts and bolts kind of guy. I understood the concept behind high levels of encapsulation and abstraction, but always felt instinctively that adding too much would just confuse the program. I always tried to shoot for an amount of abstraction that left no empty classes or layers. And where in doubt, instead of adding a new layer to the hierarchy, I would try and fit something into the existing layers. However, recently I've been encountering more highly abstracted systems. Systems where everything that could require a representation later in the hierarchy gets one up front. This leads to a lot of empty layers, which at first seems like bad design. However, on second thought I've come to realize that leaving those empty layers gives you more places to hook into in the future with out much refactoring. It leaves you greater ability to add new functionality on top of the old with out doing nearly as much work to adjust the old. The two risks of this seem to be that you could get the layers you need wrong. In this case one would wind up still needing to do substantial refactoring to extend the code and would still have a ton of never used layers. But depending on how much time you spend coming up with the initial abstractions, the chance of screwing it up, and the time that could be saved later if you get it right - it may still be worth it to try. The other risk I can think of is the risk of over doing it and never needing all the extra layers. But is that really so bad? Are extra class layers really so expensive that it is much of a loss if they are never used? The biggest expense and loss here would be time that is lost up front coming up with the layers. But much of that time still might be saved later when one can work with the abstracted code rather than more low level code. So when is it too much? At what point do the empty layers and extra "might need" abstractions become overkill? How little is too little? Where's the sweet spot? Are there any dependable rules of thumb you've found in the course of your career that help you judge the amount of abstraction needed?

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  • C# using namespace directive in nested namespaces

    - by MoSlo
    Right, I've usually used 'using' directives as follows using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace AwesomeLib { //awesome award winning class declarations making use of Linq } i've recently seen examples of such as using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace AwesomeLib { //awesome award winning class declarations making use of Linq namespace DataLibrary { using System.Data; //Data access layers and whatnot } } Granted, i understand that i can put USING inside of my namespace declaration. Such a thing makes sense to me if your namespaces are in the same root (they organized). System; namespace 1 {} namespace 2 { System.data; } But what of nested namespaces? Personally, I would leave all USING declarations at the top where you can find them easily. Instead, it looks like they're being spread all over the source file. Is there benefit to the USING directives being used this way in nested namespaces? Such as memory management or the JIT compiler?

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  • What is the recommended coding style for PowerShell?

    - by stej
    Is there any recommended coding style how to write PowerShell scripts? It's not about how to structure the code (how many functions, if to use module, ...). It's about 'how to write the code so that it is readable'. In programming languages there are some recommended coding styles (what to indent, how to indent - spaces/tabs, where to make new line, where to put braces,...), but I haven't seen any suggestion for PowerShell. What I'm interested particularly in: How to write parameters function New-XYZItem ( [string] $ItemName , [scriptblock] $definition ) { ... (I see that it's more like 'V1' syntax) or function New-PSClass { param([string] $ClassName ,[scriptblock] $definition )... or (why to add empty attribute?) function New-PSClass { param([Parameter()][string] $ClassName ,[Parameter()][scriptblock] $definition )... or (other formatting I saw maybe in Jaykul's code) function New-PSClass { param( [Parameter()] [string] $ClassName , [Parameter()] [scriptblock] $definition )... or ..? How to write complex pipeline Get-SomeData -param1 abc -param2 xyz | % { $temp1 = $_ 1..100 | % { Process-somehow $temp1 $_ } } | % { Process-Again $_ } | Sort-Object -desc or (name of cmdlet on new line) Get-SomeData -param1 abc -param2 xyz | % { $temp1 = $_ 1..100 | % { Process-somehow $temp1 $_ } } | % { Process-Again $_ } | Sort-Object -desc | and what if there are -begin -process -end params? how to make it the most readable? Get-SomeData -param1 abc -param2 xyz | % -begin { init } -process { Process-somehow2 ... } -end { Process-somehow3 ... } | % -begin { } .... or Get-SomeData -param1 abc -param2 xyz | % ` -begin { init } ` -process { Process-somehow2 ... } ` -end { Process-somehow3 ... } | % -begin { } .... the indentitation is important here and what element is put on new line as well. I have covered only questions that come on my mind very frequently. There are some others, but I'd like to keep this SO question 'short'. Any other suggestions are welcome.

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  • Web scraping etiquette

    - by Ash
    I'm considering writing a simple web scraping application to extract information from a website that does not seem to specifically prohibit this. I've checked for other alternatives (eg RSS, web service) to get this information, but there are none available at this stage. Despite this I've also developed/maintained a few websites myself and so I realize that if web scraping is done naively/greedily it can slow things down for other users and generally become a nuisance. So, what etiquette is involved in terms of: Number of requests per second/minute/hour. HTTP User Agent content. HTTP Referer content. HTTP Cache settings. Buffer size for larger files/resources. Legalities and licensing issues. Good tools or design approaches to use. Robots.txt, is this relevant for web scraping or just crawlers/spiders? Compression such as GZip in requests. Update Found this relevant question on Meta: Etiquette of Screen Scaping StackOverflow. Jeff Atwood's answer has some helpful recommendations. Other related StackOverflow questions: Options for html scraping Legalities of screen scraping

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  • Difference between Singleton implemention using pointer and using static object

    - by Anon
    EDIT: Sorry my question was not clear, why do books/articles prefer implementation#1 over implementation#2? What is the actual advantage of using pointer in implementation of Singleton class vs using a static object? Why do most books prefer this class Singleton { private: static Singleton *p_inst; Singleton(); public: static Singleton * instance() { if (!p_inst) { p_inst = new Singleton(); } return p_inst; } }; over this class Singleton { public: static Singleton& Instance() { static Singleton inst; return inst; } protected: Singleton(); // Prevent construction Singleton(const Singleton&); // Prevent construction by copying Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&); // Prevent assignment ~Singleton(); // Prevent unwanted destruction };

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  • Visitor pattern and compiler code generation, how to get children attributes?

    - by LeleDumbo
    I'd like to modify my compiler's code generator to use visitor pattern since the current approach must use multiple conditional statement to check the real type of a child before generating the corresponding code. However, I have problems to get children attributes after they're visited. For instance, in binary expression I use this: LHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(LHSNode); RHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(RHSNode); CreateBinaryExpression(Self,LHS,RHS); In visitor pattern the visit method is usually void, so I can't get the expression code from LHS and RHS. Keeping shared global variables isn't an option since expression code generation is recursive thus could erase previous values kept in the variables. I'll just show the binary expression as this is the most complicated part (for now): function TLLVMCodeGenerator.GenerateExpressionCode( Expr: TASTExpression): TLLVMValue; var BinExpr: TASTBinaryExpression; UnExpr: TASTUnaryExpression; LHSCode, RHSCode, ExprCode: TLLVMValue; VarExpr: TASTVariableExpression; begin if Expr is TASTBinaryExpression then begin BinExpr := Expr as TASTBinaryExpression; LHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(BinExpr.LHS); RHSCode := GenerateExpressionCode(BinExpr.RHS); case BinExpr.Op of '<': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSLT, LHSCode, RHSCode); '<=': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSLE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '>': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSGT, LHSCode, RHSCode); '>=': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccSGE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '==': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccEQ, LHSCode, RHSCode); '<>': Result := FBuilder.CreateICmp(ccNE, LHSCode, RHSCode); '/\': Result := FBuilder.CreateAnd(LHSCode, RHSCode); '\/': Result := FBuilder.CreateOr(LHSCode, RHSCode); '+': Result := FBuilder.CreateAdd(LHSCode, RHSCode); '-': Result := FBuilder.CreateSub(LHSCode, RHSCode); '*': Result := FBuilder.CreateMul(LHSCode, RHSCode); '/': Result := FBuilder.CreateSDiv(LHSCode, RHSCode); end; end else if Expr is TASTPrimaryExpression then if Expr is TASTBooleanConstant then with Expr as TASTBooleanConstant do Result := FBuilder.CreateConstant(Ord(Value), ltI1) else if Expr is TASTIntegerConstant then with Expr as TASTIntegerConstant do Result := FBuilder.CreateConstant(Value, ltI32) else if Expr is TASTUnaryExpression then begin UnExpr := Expr as TASTUnaryExpression; ExprCode := GenerateExpressionCode(UnExpr.Expr); case UnExpr.Op of '~': Result := FBuilder.CreateXor( FBuilder.CreateConstant(1, ltI1), ExprCode); '-': Result := FBuilder.CreateSub( FBuilder.CreateConstant(0, ltI32), ExprCode); end; end else if Expr is TASTVariableExpression then begin VarExpr := Expr as TASTVariableExpression; with VarExpr.VarDecl do Result := FBuilder.CreateVar(Ident, BaseTypeLLVMTypeMap[BaseType]); end; end; Hope you understand it :)

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  • “if” statement vs OO Design - 2

    - by hilal
    I encountered similar problem “if” statement vs OO Design - 1 but it is slightly different. Here is the problem that open the popup (different objects/popups) onValueChange of listbox Popup1 p1; // different objects Popup2 p2; // different objects Popup3 p3; ... listbox.add("p1"); listbox.add("p2"); listbox.add("p3"); ... listbox.addChangeHandler() { if(getSelectedItem().equals("p1")){ p1 = new Popup1(); p1.show(); } else if() {...} .... } I don't want to write "if" that if p1 then p1 = new Popup1(); p1.center(); How I can handle this situation? Any design-pattern? Here is my solution but it is so costly map() { map.put("p1", new Popup1()); map.put("p2", new Popup2()); map.put("p3", new Popup3()); } onValueChange() { map.get(selectedItem).show(); } One drawback is initialization all the popups. but it is require only when valueChange

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  • Why are floating point values so prolific?

    - by Kibbee
    So, title says it all. Why are floating point values so prolific in computer programming. Due to problems like rounding errors, and not being able to even accurately represent numbers such as 0.1, I really can't see how they got as far as they did. I understand that the computation is faster with floating point numbers, however, I can think of only a few cases that they actually the right data type would be using. If you sat back and think about every time you used a floating point value, how many times did you say, well, some error would be ok, as long as the result was a few microseconds faster. It really makes me think because Jeff was talking about NP completeness, and how heuristics give an answer that is kind of right. And well, computers shouldn't do that. They should give you the answer that is correct. Yet we see floating point values used in many applications where they are completely not valid. What really bugs me, isn't that floating point exists, but that in many languages, there isn't even a viable alternative, non-floating point, decimal value. A lot of programmers when doing financial applications have to fall back to storing the number of cents in an integer field. Which brings with it all kinds of other problems. Why do floats continue to be so prolific, even though they can't represent the real answer, and we expect computers to be accurate? [EDIT] Just to clarify, I was talking about Base 2 floating points, and not base 10 floating points. .Net offers the Decimal data type, which is a base 10 floating point value which offers a much better representation of the numbers we deal with on a daily basis in most computer programs. I find it hard to believe that even modern languages like Java don't support base 10 floating point values, unless you want to move into the realm of things like BigDecimal, which isn't really the right answer either in a lot of situations.

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  • Java enums vs constants for Strings

    - by Marcus
    I've switched from using constants for Strings: public static final String OPTION_1 = "OPTION_1"; ... to enums: public enum Options { OPTION_1; } With constants, you'd just refer to the constant: String s = TheClass.OPTION_1 But with Enums, you have to specify toString(): String s = Options.OPTION_1.toString(); I don't like that you have to use the toString() statement, and also, in some cases you can forget to include it which can lead to unintended results.. ie: Object o = map.get(Options.OPTION_1); //This won't work as intended if the Map key is a String Is there a better way to use enums for String constants?

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  • Nested Routes and Parameters for Rails URLs (Best Practice)

    - by viatropos
    Hey there, I have a decent understanding of RESTful urls and all the theory behind not nesting urls, but I'm still not quite sure how this looks in an enterprise application, like something like Amazon, StackOverflow, or Google... Google has urls like this: http://code.google.com/apis/ajax/ http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/staticmaps/ https://www.google.com/calendar/render?tab=mc Amazon like this: http://www.amazon.com/books-used-books-textbooks/b/ref=sa_menu_bo0?ie=UTF8&node=283155&pf_rd_p=328655101&pf_rd_s=left-nav-1&pf_rd_t=101&pf_rd_i=507846&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=1PK4ZKN4YWJJ9B86ANC9 http://www.amazon.com/Ruby-Programming-Language-David-Flanagan/dp/0596516177/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258755625&sr=1-1 And StackOverflow like this: http://stackoverflow.com/users/169992/viatropos http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged?tagnames=html&sort=newest&pagesize=15 So my question is, what is best practice in terms of creating urls for systems like these? When do you start storing parameters in the url, when don't you? These big companies don't seem to be following the rules so hotly debated in the ruby community (that you should almost never nest URLs for example), so I'm wondering how you go about implementing your own urls in larger scale projects because it seems like the idea of not nesting urls breaks down at anything larger than a blog. Any tips?

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  • Psuedo-Backwards Builder Pattern?

    - by Avid Aardvark
    In a legacy codebase I have a very large class with far too many fields/responsibilities. Imagine this is a Pizza object. It has highly granular fields like: hasPepperoni hasSausage hasBellPeppers I know that when these three fields are true, we have a Supreme pizza. However, this class is not open for extension or change, so I can't add a PizzaType, or isSupreme(), etc. Folks throughout the codebase duplicate the same "if(a && b && c) then isSupreme)" logic all over place. This issue comes up for quite a few concepts, so I'm looking for a way to deconstruct this object into many subobjects, e.g. a pseudo-backwards Builder Pattern. PizzaType pizzaType = PizzaUnbuilder.buildPizzaType(Pizza); //PizzaType.SUPREME Dough dough = PizzaUnbuilder.buildDough(Pizza); Is this the right approach? Is there a pattern for this already? Thanks!

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  • How to "DRY up" C# attributes in Models and ViewModels?

    - by DanM
    This question was inspired by my struggles with ASP.NET MVC, but I think it applies to other situations as well. Let's say I have an ORM-generated Model and two ViewModels (one for a "details" view and one for an "edit" view): Model public class FooModel // ORM generated { public int Id { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public string EmailAddress { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public int CategoryId { get; set; } } Display ViewModel public class FooDisplayViewModel // use for "details" view { [DisplayName("ID Number")] public int Id { get; set; } [DisplayName("First Name")] public string FirstName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Last Name")] public string LastName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Email Address")] [DataType("EmailAddress")] public string EmailAddress { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } [DisplayName("Category")] public string CategoryName { get; set; } } Edit ViewModel public class FooEditViewModel // use for "edit" view { [DisplayName("First Name")] // not DRY public string FirstName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Last Name")] // not DRY public string LastName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Email Address")] // not DRY [DataType("EmailAddress")] // not DRY public string EmailAddress { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } [DisplayName("Category")] // not DRY public SelectList Categories { get; set; } } Note that the attributes on the ViewModels are not DRY--a lot of information is repeated. Now imagine this scenario multiplied by 10 or 100, and you can see that it can quickly become quite tedious and error prone to ensure consistency across ViewModels (and therefore across Views). How can I "DRY up" this code? Before you answer, "Just put all the attributes on FooModel," I've tried that, but it didn't work because I need to keep my ViewModels "flat". In other words, I can't just compose each ViewModel with a Model--I need my ViewModel to have only the properties (and attributes) that should be consumed by the View, and the View can't burrow into sub-properties to get at the values. Update LukLed's answer suggests using inheritance. This definitely reduces the amount of non-DRY code, but it doesn't eliminate it. Note that, in my example above, the DisplayName attribute for the Category property would need to be written twice because the data type of the property is different between the display and edit ViewModels. This isn't going to be a big deal on a small scale, but as the size and complexity of a project scales up (imagine a lot more properties, more attributes per property, more views per model), there is still the potentially for "repeating yourself" a fair amount. Perhaps I'm taking DRY too far here, but I'd still rather have all my "friendly names", data types, validation rules, etc. typed out only once.

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  • Custom Event - invokation list implementation considerations

    - by M.A. Hanin
    I'm looking for some pointers on implementing Custom Events in VB.NET (Visual Studio 2008, .NET 3.5). I know that "regular" (non-custom) Events are actually Delegates, so I was thinking of using Delegates when implementing a Custom Event. On the other hand, Andrew Troelsen's "Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform" book uses Collection types in all his Custom Events examples, and Microsoft's sample codes match that line of thought. So my question is: what considerations should I have when choosing one design over the other? What are the pros and cons for each design? Which of these resembles the inner-implementation of "regular" events? Below is a sample code demonstrating the two designs. Public Class SomeClass Private _SomeEventListeners As EventHandler Public Custom Event SomeEvent As EventHandler AddHandler(ByVal value As EventHandler) _SomeEventListeners = [Delegate].Combine(_SomeEventListeners, value) End AddHandler RemoveHandler(ByVal value As EventHandler) _SomeEventListeners = [Delegate].Remove(_SomeEventListeners, value) End RemoveHandler RaiseEvent(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _SomeEventListeners.Invoke(sender, e) End RaiseEvent End Event Private _OtherEventListeners As New List(Of EventHandler) Public Custom Event OtherEvent As EventHandler AddHandler(ByVal value As EventHandler) _OtherEventListeners.Add(value) End AddHandler RemoveHandler(ByVal value As EventHandler) _OtherEventListeners.Remove(value) End RemoveHandler RaiseEvent(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) For Each handler In _OtherEventListeners handler(sender, e) Next End RaiseEvent End Event End Class

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  • How to improve the builder pattern?

    - by tangens
    Motivation Recently I searched for a way to initialize a complex object without passing a lot of parameter to the constructor. I tried it with the builder pattern, but I don't like the fact, that I'm not able to check at compile time if I really set all needed values. Traditional builder pattern When I use the builder pattern to create my Complex object, the creation is more "typesafe", because it's easier to see what an argument is used for: new ComplexBuilder() .setFirst( "first" ) .setSecond( "second" ) .setThird( "third" ) ... .build(); But now I have the problem, that I can easily miss an important parameter. I can check for it inside the build() method, but that is only at runtime. At compile time there is nothing that warns me, if I missed something. Enhanced builder pattern Now my idea was to create a builder, that "reminds" me if I missed a needed parameter. My first try looks like this: public class Complex { private String m_first; private String m_second; private String m_third; private Complex() {} public static class ComplexBuilder { private Complex m_complex; public ComplexBuilder() { m_complex = new Complex(); } public Builder2 setFirst( String first ) { m_complex.m_first = first; return new Builder2(); } public class Builder2 { private Builder2() {} Builder3 setSecond( String second ) { m_complex.m_second = second; return new Builder3(); } } public class Builder3 { private Builder3() {} Builder4 setThird( String third ) { m_complex.m_third = third; return new Builder4(); } } public class Builder4 { private Builder4() {} Complex build() { return m_complex; } } } } As you can see, each setter of the builder class returns a different internal builder class. Each internal builder class provides exactly one setter method and the last one provides only a build() method. Now the construction of an object again looks like this: new ComplexBuilder() .setFirst( "first" ) .setSecond( "second" ) .setThird( "third" ) .build(); ...but there is no way to forget a needed parameter. The compiler wouldn't accept it. Optional parameters If I had optional parameters, I would use the last internal builder class Builder4 to set them like a "traditional" builder does, returning itself. Questions Is this a well known pattern? Does it have a special name? Do you see any pitfalls? Do you have any ideas to improve the implementation - in the sense of fewer lines of code?

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