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  • What tells initramfs or the Ubuntu Server boot process how to assemble RAID arrays?

    - by Brad
    The simple question: how does initramfs know how to assemble mdadm RAID arrays at startup? My problem: I boot my server and get: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/[UUID] does not exist. Dropping to a shell! This happens because /dev/md0 (which is /boot, RAID 1) and /dev/md1 (which is /, RAID 5) are not being assembled correctly. What I get is /dev/md0 isn't assembled at all. /dev/md1 is assembled, but instead of using /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdc2, and /dev/sdd2, it uses /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd. To fix this and boot my server I do: $(initramfs) mdadm --stop /dev/md1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 $(initramfs) exit And it boots properly and everything works. Now I just need the RAID arrays to assemble properly at boot so I don't have to manually assemble them. I've checked /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf and the UUIDs of the two arrays listed in that file match the UUIDs from $ mdadm --detail /dev/md[0,1]. Other details: Ubuntu 10.10, GRUB2, mdadm 2.6.7.1 UPDATE: I have a feeling it has to do with superblocks. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda outputs the same thing as $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda2. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda1 seems to be fine because it outputs information about /dev/md0. I don't know if this is the problem or not, but it seems to fit with /dev/md1 getting assembled with /dev/sd[abcd] instead of /dev/sd[abcd]2. I tried zeroing the superblock on /dev/sd[abcd]. This removed the superblock from /dev/sd[abcd]2 as well and prevented me from being able to assemble /dev/md1 at all. I had to $ mdadm --create to get it back. This also put the super blocks back to the way they were.

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  • What software development model has worked best for software teams with heavy dependancy on hardware teams?

    - by MasterDIB
    So, let me explain more. There are a number of competing best practices for software development. I can find that many teams have benefited from Agile practices in some cases. In some other cases, using the Unified Process has been championed by large companies like IBM. The common themes that I find seemed to work well for teams that mainly develop software. I am interested to know what has worked best for people who have worked in shops where there is a team on the other side that produce the hardware that your software is running on. For example, one team puts together a crate with several custom hardware on it; while you need to develop the software that would run on those crates. I can't find a development model (agile, spiral ...) that works best in this case. Any wisdom is this area will be well appreciated.

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  • Hardware refresh of Solaris 10 systems? Try this!

    - by mgerdts
    I've been seeing quite an uptick in the people that are wanting to install Solaris 11 when they are doing hardware refreshes.  I applaud that effort - Solaris 11 (and 11.1) have great improvements that advance the state of the art and make the best use of the latest hardware. Sometimes, however, you really don't want to disturb the OS or upgrade to the a later version of an application that is certified with Solaris 11.  That's a great use of Solaris 10 Zones.  If you are already using Solaris Cluster, or would like to have more protection as you put more eggs in an ever growing basket, check out solaris10 Brand Zone Clusters.

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  • How do I find out which driver a piece of hardware is using?

    - by Oli
    Today I'm trying to figure out which driver is best for my USB wireless dongle. Everywhere I look I just see Ralink STA but this isn't telling me which module this actually is. I'm sure there's a way of looking it up but the computer should be able to tell me, shouldn't it? Meta: This question is open to any piece of hardware, not just my wireless card. It would be helpful if we had a thread of useful diagnostic procedures so that other people can find out what's going on with their hardware.

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  • How to simulate a USB drive

    - by rursw1
    Hi all, Is it possible to simulate a USB drive with software only? I mean, for example, to expose a local memory space to the OS so the device manager will recognize it as a USB device. I'm not familiar with hardware implementation, but I'm sure that it is possible somehow to emulate the USB protocol. I began with this book - USB Design By Example. Can anyone please give me additional references to begin with? Thank in advance!

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  • What version of SCO Open Server are guys using out there and on what hardware?

    - by Gath
    I have some old applications which are running on SCO Open Server 5.0.5, and i would love to move them to SCO Open Server 5.0.7 and on modern hardware(servers), currently am running SCO on old IBM PL 300 personal computer, on 92MB Memory, one processor, and it has been serving the clients pretty well. Now i have New Modern IBM xseries Servers and i would love to migrate the same applications to those new servers. Problem is, SCO 5.0.5 is unable to detect some of the hardware components in the new servers. I read somewhere that SCO 5.0.7 is able to detect the newer hardware even the USB ports etc. Is there anyone running SCO Openserver out there, and on what hardware architecture are they running on? Gath

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  • Creating mdraid device on top of other existing mdraid devices

    - by Dmitriusan
    I'm considering creating something like "hierarchical raid" and wondering whether it is possible using pure mdraid. Moreover, I'm going to boot from this device. I'm using Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS with Grub2 bootloader. Motivation behind doing that is: I have 4 x 1tb 7200rpm disks. Two are newer and faster (up to 200mb/sec) and other two are slower (up to 140mb/sec). I want to create RAID-0 device from them. When creating such RAID-0 directly from 4 hard disks, I get summary speed up to ~480mb/sec. That is roughly 4*120mb/sec, so RAID-0 works with speed of the slowest device. I have an idea to create a separate RAID-0 md0 device from 500gb partitions of slower hard disks. Theoretically, this md0 device will have speed 2*140=240~280mb/sec. After that, I'm going to add this md0 device to RAID-0 with faster disks, finishing with up to 3*200=600mb/sec. Stripe-width for this raid will be 2x times bigger than for underlying raid with slow disks. Questions are: is it possible or I'm missing something? will that work as expected? can I boot from such consolidated raid device? any better ideas? any pitfalls? I don't want to use fakeraid for consolidating slow disks for multiple reasons (portability, ability to customize parameters and so on). PS Speed is needed for home virtualization server and just for experience/fun. Reliability is provided via regular automatic backups to a separate device. PPS I considered also using different stripe-width for hard disks with different speed in single raid, but mdraid does not seem to support that.

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  • How likely can my data be recovered after Windows CHKDSK performed on a degraded RAID 5 array?

    - by chrisling106
    Hello there, We have a RAID 5 setup with 3 SATA disks, #2 went down as reported on the pre-POST screen. Unfortunately, for some reason out of my control, the system was rebooted with a degraded RAID :-O Windows XP (64-bit) loaded, CHKDSK ran automatically and done its recovery! From that point onwards, the following error prompts every time even in Safe Mode: lsass.exe - The endpoint format is invalid I took those 3 disks to the data recovery expert and need to wait at least 2-4 days for results. There are 2 VMs on multiple files stored in this RAID 5 array, and there's no backup! Sorry, I just inherited the system from an ex-staff who has left the company 2 months before I joined. How likely the data can be recovered?

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  • How to determine if a CentOS system is Raid-1?

    - by Tedd Johnson
    I've tried searching for this answer, but haven't found anything elegant. I have numerous servers in a colo that is in another state. I need to find a way to check that the servers have RAID-1 on them, so that I can determine if they were setup correctly by my colo. df -h shows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 442G 1.5G 418G 1% / /dev/sda1 99M 19M 75M 20% /boot tmpfs 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm however as CentOS uses LVM by default, this doesn't indicate if a RAID-1 is present. it is supposed to be a software raid, so I'm pretty sure there should be a way to check. Thanks

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  • How do I backup my Ubuntu 9.10 system and then restore it to a new machine with different hardware?

    - by EricJLN
    I have a nicely configured Ubuntu 9.10 machine, with crossover linux (from Codeweavers) installed. I have the Nvidia drivers installed. Everything is just as I want it. Now I want to move to a new machine with different hardware: different sized hard drive, different size RAM, different video card, etc. I tried the technique suggested on Ubuntu forums, "Howto: Backup and restore your system!". The results: New system complains about swap not being found New system complains about not finding Nvidia hardware, and I can't open the System-Administration-Hardware Drivers application (i.e., /usr/bin/jockey-gtk) to fix the problem. As result of nvidia, X-Windows is throwing errors, and the on screen process for fixing X-Windows isn't working. How do I restore a backup of my old system, including my Crossover Linux installation, to a new machine with different hardware installed?

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  • Array on servers which receive several hundred GB of data a day

    - by Matthew
    This is hopefully a simple question. Right now we are deploying servers which will serve as data warehouses. I know with raid 5 the best practice is 6 disks per raid 5. However, our plan is to use RAID 10 (both for performance and safety). We have a total of 14 disks (16 actually, but two are being used for OS). Keeping in mind that performance is very much an issue, which is better - doing several raid 1's? Do one large raid 10? One large raid 10 had been our original plan, but I want to see if anyone has any opinions I haven't thought of. Please note: This system was designed for using Raid 1+0, so losing half of the raw storage capacity is not an issue. Sorry i hadn't mentioned that initially. The concern is more whether or not we want to use one large Raid 1+0 containing all 14 disks, or several smaller raid 1+0's and then stripe across them using LVM. I know the best practice for higher raid levels is to never use more than 6 disks in an array.

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  • Logical volume that spans raid1 sets: what happens if a RAID fails?

    - by Jeff Shattock
    Consider the following scenario: /dev/md0 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sda and /dev/sdb /dev/md1 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sdc and /dev/sdd /dev/vg0 - volume group containing md0 and md1 /dev/vg0/lv0 - 15GB logical volume The raid devices are created with mdadm; the logical volumes by LVM. What happens to lv0 if md0 fails entirely? That is, if both sda and sdb disintegrate so that the md0 device can not start. Is the portion of the data that resided on md1 still accessible, or is the entire LV gone? Would the answer change if lv0 were created as a striped volume vs non-striped?

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  • Why does calling setScaleX during pinch zoom gesture cause flicker?

    - by numan
    I am trying to create a zoomable container and I am targeting API 14+ In my onScale (i am using the ScaleGestureDetector to detect pinch-zoom) I am doing something like this: public boolean onScale (ScaleGestureDetector detector) { float scaleFactor = detector.getScaleFactor(); setScaleX(getScaleX() * scaleFactor); setScaleY(getScaleY() * scaleFactor); return true; }; It works but the zoom is not smooth. In fact it noticeably flickers. I also tried it with hardware layer thinking that the scaling would happen on the GPU once the texture was uploaded and thus would be super fast. But it made no difference - the zoom is not smooth and flickers weirdly sometimes. What am I doing wrong?

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  • hosting environment for delivering FLVs [closed]

    - by Gotys
    What would be the ideal hardware setup for pushing lots of bandwith on a tube site? We have ever-expanding cloud storage where users upload the movies, then we have these web-delivery machines which cache the FLV files on its local harddrives and deliver them to users. Each cache machine can deliver 1200 mbits/s , if it has SAS 8 harddrives. Such a cache machine costs us $550/month for 8x160gb -- so each machine can cache only 160GB at any given time. If we want to cache more then 160gb , we need to add another machine..another $550/month..etc. This is very un-economical so I am wondering if we have any experts here who can figure out a better setup. I've been looking into "gluster FS", but I am not sure if this thing can push a lot of bandwith. Any ideas highly appreciated. Thank you!

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  • learning the Lower levels of computing

    - by Ben
    I am a software developer with four years experience in .Net development, I always like to keep up to date with the latest technologies (.net related normally) being released and love learning them. I didn't however go to university and learnt all I know through helpful colleagues, .Net courses, the internet and good old books. I feel that I am a good developer, but without learning the lower levels of a computer as you would in the first year of a computer related Uni course, I get lost when talking to people about a lot of more technical lower level computing. Is there a book(s) that anyone could recommend, that would cover the lower levels of what is going on when I click "Run" in Visual Studio? I feel out of my depth when my boss says to me "Thats running in the CPU cache" or "you're limited by disk reads there", and would like to feel more confident when talking about how the hardware talks to each other (CPU to RAM etc). Apologise if thats a vague question, or has been asked before (i did check and couldn't find anything on here that answers my question).

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  • Where has my parallel port gone? ioperm(888,1,1) returns -1.

    - by marcusw
    I have an old Dell Dimension 8200 running Gentoo which I use solely to control various things using the parallel port. After shutting it down a few weeks ago, I started it up again today and tried to access the parallel port like I usually do. Unfortunately, my code bombed out when it tried to call ioperm(888,1,1) to grab the parallel port which returned an error code of -1. There have been no changes to the system be it hardware or software, no updates, no tweaking, no dropping the case, no over-amping the data pins, nothing. The port and the software have been working fine for months with no changes, and were working fine when I shut it down last. Running my code with root privileges changes nothing. What is breaking this and how can I fix it?

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  • Which development Language is best suited to Network Inventory

    - by dastardlyandmuttley
    Dear stackoverflow I hope this is the corrcet type of question for stackoverflow to consider I would like to develop a "Hard Core" application that performs Network Inventory. High level requirements are Work on Windows and UNIX networks it has to be extremly performant it has to be 100% accuarate (massively) scalable and fun to write The sort of details I am after is manufacturer and versions of all major workstation hardware components such as motherboard, network card, sound card, hard drives, optical drives, memory, BIOS details, operating system information etc. I dont want to have to distribute a client on each workstation to collect the information although i will require automatic worksattion discovery I would value your thoughts on the best development language to employ I know there are products such as NEWT and stuff like nmap... I would like to do this type of technical programming myself "from scratch" Warm Regards DD

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  • AVR Analog Comparator + Internal Pullup?

    - by vicatcu
    I have what I hope is a simple question pertaining to the Atmel AVR microcontrollers. So I want to use the ATTiny85's Analog Comparator to determine if a signal is above or below a threshold. This signal is normally "floating" and grounded when "active" (i.e. it's an active low - open collector signal). If I enable the pullup on the input pin (which is also the comparator input) by doing: DDRB = 0x00; // DDRB.1 = 0 = input PORTB = 0xFF; // PORTB.1 = 1 = internal pullup enabled If i use the analog comparator and select PORTB.1 as AIN1 will the internal pullup be applied to my input signal? I'm hoping someone has personal experience to verify this behavior. Hope this question isn't too 'hardware-oriented' for stack-overflow. Thanks!

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  • SMS Gateway Devices

    - by u07ch
    Can anyone recommend a good SMS Gateway device that sends and receives messages and has a reasonable API. We are looking for a hardware device that a Sim Card and works with Windows / .Net. I am working with about 50 different countries (Right now 50 will only become more in the future) and dealing with that many SMS suppliers and their various methods for billing and sending / responding to messages is proving unmanageable. It may be much easier to have a single method and call it by country. We do bulk send messages but from the logs this is at most 500 messages at a time (though it could be up-to about 1500 at a time) - mostly its small numbers far less than 500 messages. Ideally would like to get message delivery data and error handling type messages back from the device. I am not interested in a hosted solution unless it has the ability to receive a message to a local number in EVERY country.

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  • Programming a loopback-device consisting of several files in Linux

    - by dubbaluga
    Hej, it is relatively easy to use a file for emulating a block-device using losetup in Linux: http://www.walkernews.net/2007/07/01/create-linux-loopback-file-system-on-disk-file/ Can anyone please give me a hint on what to look for in case I want to program my own block-device which is based on several files I'm taking content from? For your understanding, I would like to let's say take bytes 1-500 and 1.000-3.000 from file1 and bytes 501-999 and bytes 3.001 to 5.000 from file2 to offer them as a combined block-device. My prefered programming language is Python and I want to write my program in user-space as much as possible. For Windows I found such an implementation. It's called FileDisk and HttpDisk and it can be found here: http://www.acc.umu.se/~bosse/ Thanks in advance and regards, Rainer

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  • verilog or systemc for testbench

    - by Alphaneo
    I am assigned with the task of verifying some verilog based RTL code. Now, coding the RTL testbench using verilog seems to be very difficult (for me). So I would like to try one of the following. - Try providing a PLI interface to the RTL and thereby invoke 'C functions for testing - Using system 'C for interfacing the 'C functions PS: I already have a extensive 'C code that was used for testing the behavioral model. I am new to the world of hardware programming. Any pointers would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Parallel port no longer accessible even though no changes to system.

    - by marcusw
    I have an old Dell Dimension 8200 running Gentoo which I use solely to control various things using the parallel port. After shutting it down a few weeks ago, I started it up again today and tried to access the parallel port like I usually do. Unfortunately, my code bombed out when it tried to call ioperm(888,1,1) to grab the parallel port which returned an error code of -1. There have been no changes to the system be it hardware or software, no updates, no tweaking, no dropping the case, no over-amping the data pins, nothing. The port and the software have been working fine for months with no changes, and were working fine when I shut it down last. Running my code with root privileges changes nothing. What is breaking this and how can I fix it?

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  • CUDA driver installation on a laptop with nVidia NVS140M card

    - by stanigator
    I'm trying to first figure out if my computer contains a CUDA-enabled card. It has an nVidia NVS 140M card, but I can't seem to figure out if it is the 128 MB version or 256 MB version. On the laptop purchase receipt, I found out that I ordered the 128 MB version, but the control panel description of the card said otherwise as shown below: When I ran the CUDA driver from nVidia's site, it cannot find a hardware compatible with CUDA (even though the product series is CUDA-enabled, the card does not have 256 MB minimum of memory to do so). What would be your recommendations in this case with trying to use CUDA on this computer (I'm not sure if nothing can be done at this point)? Thanks in advance.

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