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• How do I measure performance of a virtual server?

  - by Sergey

  I've got a VPS running Ubuntu. Being a virtual server, I understand that it shares resources with unknown number of other servers, and I'm noticing that it's considerably slower than my desktop machine. Is there some tool to measure the performance of the virtual machine? I'd be curious to see some approximate measure similar to bogomips, possibly for CPU (operations/sec), memory and disk read/write speed. I'd like to be able to compare those numbers to my desktop machine. I'm not interested in the specs of the actual physical machine my VPS is running on - by doing cat /proc/cpuinfo I can see that it's a nice quad-core Xeon machine, but it doesn't matter to me. I'm basically interested in how fast a program would run in my VPS - how many CPU operations it can make in a second, how many bytes to write to RAM or to disk. I only have ssh access to the machine so the tool need to be command-line. I could write a script which, say, does some calculations in a loop for a second and counts how many loops it was able to do, or something similar to measure disk and RAM performance. But I'm sure something like this already exists.

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• 10 Windows Tweaking Myths Debunked

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Windows is big, complicated, and misunderstood. You’ll still stumble across bad advice from time to time when browsing the web. These Windows tweaking, performance, and system maintenance tips are mostly just useless, but some are actively harmful. Luckily, most of these myths have been stomped out on mainstream sites and forums. However, if you start searching the web, you’ll still find websites that recommend you do these things. Erase Cache Files Regularly to Speed Things Up You can free up disk space by running an application like CCleaner, another temporary-file-cleaning utility, or even the Windows Disk Cleanup tool. In some cases, you may even see an old computer speed up when you erase a large amount of useless files. However, running CCleaner or similar utilities every day to erase your browser’s cache won’t actually speed things up. It will slow down your web browsing as your web browser is forced to redownload the files all over again, and reconstruct the cache you regularly delete. If you’ve installed CCleaner or a similar program and run it every day with the default settings, you’re actually slowing down your web browsing. Consider at least preventing the program from wiping out your web browser cache. Enable ReadyBoost to Speed Up Modern PCs Windows still prompts you to enable ReadyBoost when you insert a USB stick or memory card. On modern computers, this is completely pointless — ReadyBoost won’t actually speed up your computer if you have at least 1 GB of RAM. If you have a very old computer with a tiny amount of RAM — think 512 MB — ReadyBoost may help a bit. Otherwise, don’t bother. Open the Disk Defragmenter and Manually Defragment On Windows 98, users had to manually open the defragmentation tool and run it, ensuring no other applications were using the hard drive while it did its work. Modern versions of Windows are capable of defragmenting your file system while other programs are using it, and they automatically defragment your disks for you. If you’re still opening the Disk Defragmenter every week and clicking the Defragment button, you don’t need to do this — Windows is doing it for you unless you’ve told it not to run on a schedule. Modern computers with solid-state drives don’t have to be defragmented at all. Disable Your Pagefile to Increase Performance When Windows runs out of empty space in RAM, it swaps out data from memory to a pagefile on your hard disk. If a computer doesn’t have much memory and it’s running slow, it’s probably moving data to the pagefile or reading data from it. Some Windows geeks seem to think that the pagefile is bad for system performance and disable it completely. The argument seems to be that Windows can’t be trusted to manage a pagefile and won’t use it intelligently, so the pagefile needs to be removed. As long as you have enough RAM, it’s true that you can get by without a pagefile. However, if you do have enough RAM, Windows will only use the pagefile rarely anyway. Tests have found that disabling the pagefile offers no performance benefit. Enable CPU Cores in MSConfig Some websites claim that Windows may not be using all of your CPU cores or that you can speed up your boot time by increasing the amount of cores used during boot. They direct you to the MSConfig application, where you can indeed select an option that appears to increase the amount of cores used. In reality, Windows always uses the maximum amount of processor cores your CPU has. (Technically, only one core is used at the beginning of the boot process, but the additional cores are quickly activated.) Leave this option unchecked. It’s just a debugging option that allows you to set a maximum number of cores, so it would be useful if you wanted to force Windows to only use a single core on a multi-core system — but all it can do is restrict the amount of cores used. Clean Your Prefetch To Increase Startup Speed Windows watches the programs you run and creates .pf files in its Prefetch folder for them. The Prefetch feature works as a sort of cache — when you open an application, Windows checks the Prefetch folder, looks at the application’s .pf file (if it exists), and uses that as a guide to start preloading data that the application will use. This helps your applications start faster. Some Windows geeks have misunderstood this feature. They believe that Windows loads these files at boot, so your boot time will slow down due to Windows preloading the data specified in the .pf files. They also argue you’ll build up useless files as you uninstall programs and .pf files will be left over. In reality, Windows only loads the data in these .pf files when you launch the associated application and only stores .pf files for the 128 most recently launched programs. If you were to regularly clean out the Prefetch folder, not only would programs take longer to open because they won’t be preloaded, Windows will have to waste time recreating all the .pf files. You could also modify the PrefetchParameters setting to disable Prefetch, but there’s no reason to do that. Let Windows manage Prefetch on its own. Disable QoS To Increase Network Bandwidth Quality of Service (QoS) is a feature that allows your computer to prioritize its traffic. For example, a time-critical application like Skype could choose to use QoS and prioritize its traffic over a file-downloading program so your voice conversation would work smoothly, even while you were downloading files. Some people incorrectly believe that QoS always reserves a certain amount of bandwidth and this bandwidth is unused until you disable it. This is untrue. In reality, 100% of bandwidth is normally available to all applications unless a program chooses to use QoS. Even if a program does choose to use QoS, the reserved space will be available to other programs unless the program is actively using it. No bandwidth is ever set aside and left empty. Set DisablePagingExecutive to Make Windows Faster The DisablePagingExecutive registry setting is set to 0 by default, which allows drivers and system code to be paged to the disk. When set to 1, drivers and system code will be forced to stay resident in memory. Once again, some people believe that Windows isn’t smart enough to manage the pagefile on its own and believe that changing this option will force Windows to keep important files in memory rather than stupidly paging them out. If you have more than enough memory, changing this won’t really do anything. If you have little memory, changing this setting may force Windows to push programs you’re using to the page file rather than push unused system files there — this would slow things down. This is an option that may be helpful for debugging in some situations, not a setting to change for more performance. Process Idle Tasks to Free Memory Windows does things, such as creating scheduled system restore points, when you step away from your computer. It waits until your computer is “idle” so it won’t slow your computer and waste your time while you’re using it. Running the “Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks” command forces Windows to perform all of these tasks while you’re using the computer. This is completely pointless and won’t help free memory or anything like that — all you’re doing is forcing Windows to slow your computer down while you’re using it. This command only exists so benchmarking programs can force idle tasks to run before performing benchmarks, ensuring idle tasks don’t start running and interfere with the benchmark. Delay or Disable Windows Services There’s no real reason to disable Windows services anymore. There was a time when Windows was particularly heavy and computers had little memory — think Windows Vista and those “Vista Capable” PCs Microsoft was sued over. Modern versions of Windows like Windows 7 and 8 are lighter than Windows Vista and computers have more than enough memory, so you won’t see any improvements from disabling system services included with Windows. Some people argue for not disabling services, however — they recommend setting services from “Automatic” to “Automatic (Delayed Start)”. By default, the Delayed Start option just starts services two minutes after the last “Automatic” service starts. Setting services to Delayed Start won’t really speed up your boot time, as the services will still need to start — in fact, it may lengthen the time it takes to get a usable desktop as services will still be loading two minutes after booting. Most services can load in parallel, and loading the services as early as possible will result in a better experience. The “Delayed Start” feature is primarily useful for system administrators who need to ensure a specific service starts later than another service. If you ever find a guide that recommends you set a little-known registry setting to improve performance, take a closer look — the change is probably useless. Want to actually speed up your PC? Try disabling useless startup programs that run on boot, increasing your boot time and consuming memory in the background. This is a much better tip than doing any of the above, especially considering most Windows PCs come packed to the brim with bloatware.     

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• Installing 12.04 within 11.04

  - by user288752

  I recently installed 11.04 from an installation disk (overwriting Windows in the process). I know 11.04 is no longer supported but I had no problems subsequently upgrading it to 12.04 (via 11.10) a couple of months ago on another device. This time though, things are different. I can't upgrade through update manager because Ubuntu then tells me I have no internet connection, which is (obviously incorrect). I have tried to circumvent the problem by downloading the 12:04 iso from ubuntu.com directly but now I'm troubled by something else. The download is succesfull but after mounting the iso I can't interact with it. When I try to access the Wubi it gives me the following message: Archive: /home/lars/.cache/.fr-7g75Fe/wubi.exe [/home/lars/.cache/.fr-7g75Fe/wubi.exe] End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. zipinfo: cannot find zipfile directory in one of /home/lars/.cache/.fr-7g75Fe/wubi.exe or /home/lars/.cache/.fr-7g75Fe/wubi.exe.zip, and cannot find /home/lars/.cache/.fr-7g75Fe/wubi.exe.ZIP, period. What am I doing wrong here?

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• Juju Openstack bundle: Can't launch an instance

  - by user281985

  Deployed bundle:~makyo/openstack/2/openstack, on top of 7 physical boxes and 3 virtual ones. After changing vip_iface strings to point to right devices, e.g., br0 instead of eth0, and defining "/mnt/loopback|30G", in Cinder's block-device string, am able to navigate through openstack dashboard, error free. Following http://docs.openstack.org/grizzly/openstack-compute/install/apt/content/running-an-instance.html instructions, attempted to launch cirros 0.3.1 image; however, novalist shows the instance in error state. ubuntu@node7:~$ nova --debug boot --flavor 1 --image 28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd --key_name key2 --security_group default cirros REQ: curl -i http://keyStone.IP:5000/v2.0/tokens -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "admin", "passwordCredentials": {"username": "admin", "password": "openstack"}}}' INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): keyStone.IP DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "POST /v2.0/tokens HTTP/1.1" 200 None RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:02 GMT', 'transfer-encoding': 'chunked', 'vary': 'X-Auth-Token', 'content-type': 'application/json'} RESP BODY: {"access": {"token": {"expires": "2014-06-11T00:01:02Z", "id": "3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534", "tenant": {"description": "Created by Juju", "enabled": true, "id": "08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "name": "admin"}}, "serviceCatalog": [{"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "publicURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "compute", "name": "nova"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:9696", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:9696", "publicURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:9696"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "network", "name": "quantum"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:3333", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:3333", "publicURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:3333"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "s3", "name": "s3"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://i.p.s.36:9292", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://i.p.s.36:9292", "publicURL": "http://i.p.s.36:9292"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "image", "name": "glance"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://i.p.s.39:8776/v1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://i.p.s.39:8776/v1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "publicURL": "http://i.p.s.39:8776/v1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "volume", "name": "cinder"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8773/services/Cloud", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8773/services/Cloud", "publicURL": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8773/services/Cloud"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "ec2", "name": "ec2"}, {"endpoints": [{"adminURL": "http://keyStone.IP:35357/v2.0", "region": "RegionOne", "internalURL": "http://keyStone.IP:5000/v2.0", "publicURL": "http://i.p.s.44:5000/v2.0"}], "endpoints_links": [], "type": "identity", "name": "keystone"}], "user": {"username": "admin", "roles_links": [], "id": "b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d", "roles": [{"id": "e020001eb9a049f4a16540238ab158aa", "name": "Admin"}, {"id": "b84fbff4d5554d53bbbffdaad66b56cb", "name": "KeystoneServiceAdmin"}, {"id": "129c8b49d42b4f0796109aaef2069aa9", "name": "KeystoneAdmin"}], "name": "admin"}}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd -X GET -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "GET /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd HTTP/1.1" 200 719 RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:03 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-7f3459f8-d3d5-47f1-97a3-8407a4419a69', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '719'} RESP BODY: {"image": {"status": "ACTIVE", "updated": "2014-06-09T22:17:54Z", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "rel": "bookmark"}, {"href": "http://External.Public.Port:9292/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate"}], "id": "28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size": 13147648, "name": "Cirros 0.3.1", "created": "2014-06-09T22:17:54Z", "minDisk": 0, "progress": 100, "minRam": 0, "metadata": {}}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1 -X GET -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "GET /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1 HTTP/1.1" 200 418 RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:04 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-2c153110-6969-4f3a-b51c-8f1a6ce75bee', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '418'} RESP BODY: {"flavor": {"name": "m1.tiny", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 512, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 0, "id": "1"}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers -X POST -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" -d '{"server": {"name": "cirros", "imageRef": "28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "key_name": "key2", "flavorRef": "1", "max_count": 1, "min_count": 1, "security_groups": [{"name": "default"}]}}' INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "POST /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers HTTP/1.1" 202 436 RESP: [202] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:05 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'location': 'http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43', 'content-length': '436'} RESP BODY: {"server": {"security_groups": [{"name": "default"}], "OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL", "id": "2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "rel": "bookmark"}], "adminPass": "oFRbvRqif2C8"}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43 -X GET -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "GET /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43 HTTP/1.1" 200 1349 RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:05 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-d91d0858-7030-469d-8e55-40e05e4d00fd', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '1349'} RESP BODY: {"server": {"status": "BUILD", "updated": "2014-06-10T00:01:05Z", "hostId": "", "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host": null, "addresses": {}, "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/servers/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "rel": "bookmark"}], "key_name": "key2", "image": {"id": "28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "rel": "bookmark"}]}, "OS-EXT-STS:task_state": "scheduling", "OS-EXT-STS:vm_state": "building", "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name": "instance-00000004", "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname": null, "flavor": {"id": "1", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1", "rel": "bookmark"}]}, "id": "2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43", "security_groups": [{"name": "default"}], "OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone": "nova", "user_id": "b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d", "name": "cirros", "created": "2014-06-10T00:01:04Z", "tenant_id": "08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239", "OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL", "accessIPv4": "", "accessIPv6": "", "progress": 0, "OS-EXT-STS:power_state": 0, "config_drive": "", "metadata": {}}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1 -X GET -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "GET /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1 HTTP/1.1" 200 418 RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:05 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-896c0120-1102-4408-9e09-cd628f2dd699', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '418'} RESP BODY: {"flavor": {"name": "m1.tiny", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/flavors/1", "rel": "bookmark"}], "ram": 512, "OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false, "vcpus": 1, "swap": "", "os-flavor-access:is_public": true, "rxtx_factor": 1.0, "OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0, "disk": 0, "id": "1"}} REQ: curl -i http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd -X GET -H "X-Auth-Project-Id: admin" -H "User-Agent: python-novaclient" -H "Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token: 3eefa1837d984426a633fe09259a1534" INFO (connectionpool:191) Starting new HTTP connection (1): nova.cloud.controller DEBUG (connectionpool:283) "GET /v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd HTTP/1.1" 200 719 RESP: [200] {'date': 'Tue, 10 Jun 2014 00:01:05 GMT', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-454e9651-c247-4d31-8049-6b254de050ae', 'content-type': 'application/json', 'content-length': '719'} RESP BODY: {"image": {"status": "ACTIVE", "updated": "2014-06-09T22:17:54Z", "links": [{"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/v1.1/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "rel": "self"}, {"href": "http://nova.cloud.controller:8774/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "rel": "bookmark"}, {"href": "http://External.Public.Port:9292/08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239/images/28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image", "rel": "alternate"}], "id": "28bed1bc-bc1c-4533-beee-8e0428ad40dd", "OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size": 13147648, "name": "Cirros 0.3.1", "created": "2014-06-09T22:17:54Z", "minDisk": 0, "progress": 100, "minRam": 0, "metadata": {}}} +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | image | Cirros 0.3.1 | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000004 | | flavor | m1.tiny | | id | 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43 | | security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] | | user_id | b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d | | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | progress | 0 | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova | | config_drive | | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2014-06-10T00:01:05Z | | hostId | | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None | | key_name | key2 | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None | | name | cirros | | adminPass | oFRbvRqif2C8 | | tenant_id | 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239 | | created | 2014-06-10T00:01:04Z | | metadata | {} | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ ubuntu@node7:~$ ubuntu@node7:~$ nova list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+ | 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43 | cirros | ERROR | | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+ ubuntu@node7:~$ var/log/nova/nova-compute.log shows the following error: ... 2014-06-10 00:01:06.048 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Attempting claim: memory 512 MB, disk 0 GB, VCPUs 1 2014-06-10 00:01:06.049 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Total Memory: 3885 MB, used: 512 MB 2014-06-10 00:01:06.049 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Memory limit: 5827 MB, free: 5315 MB 2014-06-10 00:01:06.049 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Total Disk: 146 GB, used: 0 GB 2014-06-10 00:01:06.050 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Disk limit not specified, defaulting to unlimited 2014-06-10 00:01:06.050 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Total CPU: 2 VCPUs, used: 0 VCPUs 2014-06-10 00:01:06.050 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] CPU limit not specified, defaulting to unlimited 2014-06-10 00:01:06.051 AUDIT nova.compute.claims [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Claim successful 2014-06-10 00:01:06.963 WARNING nova.network.quantumv2.api [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] No network configured! 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 ERROR nova.compute.manager [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Instance failed to spawn 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Traceback (most recent call last): 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1118, in _spawn 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] self._legacy_nw_info(network_info), 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 703, in _legacy_nw_info 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] network_info = network_info.legacy() 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'legacy' 2014-06-10 00:01:08.347 32223 TRACE nova.compute.manager [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] 2014-06-10 00:01:08.919 AUDIT nova.compute.manager [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Terminating instance 2014-06-10 00:01:09.712 32223 ERROR nova.virt.libvirt.driver [-] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] During wait destroy, instance disappeared. 2014-06-10 00:01:09.718 INFO nova.virt.libvirt.firewall [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Attempted to unfilter instance which is not filtered 2014-06-10 00:01:09.719 INFO nova.virt.libvirt.driver [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Deleting instance files /var/lib/nova/instances/2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43 2014-06-10 00:01:10.044 ERROR nova.compute.manager [req-41e53086-6454-4efb-bb35-a30dc2c780be b3730a52a32e40f0a9500440d1ef1c7d 08cff06d13b74492b780d9ceed699239] [instance: 2eb5e3ad-3044-41c1-bbb7-10f398f83e43] Error: ['Traceback (most recent call last):\n', ' File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 864, in _run_instance\n set_access_ip=set_access_ip)\n', ' File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1123, in _spawn\n LOG.exception(_(\'Instance failed to spawn\'), instance=instance)\n', ' File "/usr/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 24, in __exit__\n self.gen.next()\n', ' File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 1118, in _spawn\n self._legacy_nw_info(network_info),\n', ' File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nova/compute/manager.py", line 703, in _legacy_nw_info\n network_info = network_info.legacy()\n', "AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'legacy'\n"] 2014-06-10 00:01:40.951 32223 AUDIT nova.compute.resource_tracker [-] Auditing locally available compute resources 2014-06-10 00:01:41.072 32223 AUDIT nova.compute.resource_tracker [-] Free ram (MB): 2861 2014-06-10 00:01:41.072 32223 AUDIT nova.compute.resource_tracker [-] Free disk (GB): 146 2014-06-10 00:01:41.073 32223 AUDIT nova.compute.resource_tracker [-] Free VCPUS: 1 2014-06-10 00:01:41.262 32223 INFO nova.compute.resource_tracker [-] Compute_service record updated for node5:node5.maas ... Can't seem to find any entries in quantum.conf related to "legacy". Any help would be appreciated. Cheers,

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• "cannot open file system. File system seems damaged "

  - by suresh kadiri

  I was using windows 7 till yesterday. I tried to install ubuntu 14. 04 Lts version yesterday with in windows 7. But it was not succeeded. Then I decided to install ubuntu only. By mistake I installed ubuntu in whole disk. After that to get deleted partitions I installed testdisk. I also used deeper search option. Now I'm getting "file system damaged". It shows The hard disk (320GB /298 GiB) seems to small! (<473 GB /441 GB) Check the Harddisk size: HD Jumpers setings, BIOS detection... The following partitions can't be recovered: Partition start end size in sectrors Linux 19077 177 45 57604 81 13 618930716 Linux 19080 192 57 57607 96 25 618930716 With ubcd also I used testdisk option. Same result comes."cannot open file system. File system seems damaged ". I have all my stuff in hard disk. Please help me to get recover my files in deleted partitions.

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• firefox raided?

  - by dschinn1001

  ubuntu 12.10 with firefox 17.0 firefox is now suddenly not starting any more ? (since I tried something with virtualbox and win7 firefox seems to be raided somehow ? - then after next boot virtualbox with win7 did not work any more and had message like here: Premature end of data in tag VirtualBox line 8. Location: '/home/$user/VirtualBox VMs/V12/V12.vbox', line 86 (8), column 2. /home/vbox/vbox-4.2.4/src/VBox/Main/src-server/MachineImpl.cpp[724] (nsresult Machine::registeredInit()). Fehlercode: NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005) Komponente: Machine Interface: IMachine {22781af3-1c96-4126-9edf-67a020e0e858} ) this happened all - after win7 made an update and virtual hard-disk with size of normally 25 Gibi exceeded to 26.8 Gibi I plugged (when I created virtualbox with win7) usb-hard-disk with 500 Gibi, but somehow win7 was not installed on disk with 500 Gibi - instead only virtual-harddisk with default 25 Gibi was created - and smaller harddisk with maximum of 120 Gibi was restless stuffed out. This created then the problem with "raided" firefox and firefox cannot start any more. After I delelted virtualbox with win7 - there are 12 Gibi free space back on the smaller harddisk - but firefox remains after reboot out-of-function and does not start.

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• How to know which partition is which?

  - by user206870

  Well I was just wondering what partition belongs to which. On my computer I have Windows 7 and two Ubuntu systems (it was an accident, which is why I need to know which partition is which). So how do I know which one is which?? PS here's the codes: jp@jp-Satellite-L555D:~$ sudo update-grub [sudo] password for jp: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda2 Found Windows Recovery Environment (loader) on /dev/sda3 Found Ubuntu 13.10 (13.10) on /dev/sda7 done jp@jp-Satellite-L555D:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf6f5148e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 3074047 1536000 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda2 3074048 213421022 105173487+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 469676032 488396799 9360384 17 Hidden HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 213422078 469676031 128126977 5 Extended /dev/sda5 300185600 463910911 81862656 83 Linux /dev/sda6 463912960 469676031 2881536 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda7 213422080 300185599 43381760 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Thanks to whoever can answer this. Another quick question, what is the extended partition??

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• 12.04 grub unable to boot on /sde, upgrade-grub and boot-repair failed, please help

  - by VGR

  My problem is I've 4 disks in a raid array listed as sda, sdb... sdd and grub 2 refuses to boot on /sde (the 5th disk, standalone and containing a clean install of 12.04 64 bits). I tried all solutions but all fail. (live CD/USB with grub-setup, also tried repair-grub, and tried also in the "grub rescue" set prefix= etc). I also tried to deactivate the RAID array in the BIOS, but I'd rather not destroy it, and I didn't find a way to make the standalone disk as '/sda1' (this would satisfy grub). In the BIOS, the would-be /sda is the only bootable hard disk; it ends up as /sde and grubs complains. I've made repair-grub issue a pastebin. I always end up in grub-rescue and I'm stuck. I need Ubuntu to boot so that I can add the device array handler for my disks. I can't switch the disks and I can't disconnect the SATA RAID controller. I need: (a) a workaround so that grub starts on /sde; or (b) a way to change the order in which Ubuntu sees the disks, at boot time. I could then provide grub with a /sda1. Thanks a lot. up please thanks a lot it's not the same problem as booting ubuntu from raid. My RAID array serves only of data repository windows had no problem with this configuration

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• Lost files after installing Ubuntu

  - by Joshua Rosato

  I installed Ubuntu on my laptop over windows, I had 2 partitions on one hard disk. It seems like my second partition is gone with all my files. How can I recover the old files? They weren't on the same partition as Windows. I read that the partition has probably just not been mounted so ran sudo fdisk -l to find all the partitions and then ran sudo mount, however I can't tell from the results of sudo mount what is not mounted and I am also unsure how to mount it once I find the unmounted partition. sudo fdisk -l - Results Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002c6dc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris sudo mount - Results /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw) systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=joshy1)

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• ASMLib

  - by wcoekaer

  Oracle ASMlib on Linux has been a topic of discussion a number of times since it was released way back when in 2004. There is a lot of confusion around it and certainly a lot of misinformation out there for no good reason. Let me try to give a bit of history around Oracle ASMLib. Oracle ASMLib was introduced at the time Oracle released Oracle Database 10g R1. 10gR1 introduced a very cool important new features called Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management). A very simplistic description would be that this is a very sophisticated volume manager for Oracle data. Give your devices directly to the ASM instance and we manage the storage for you, clustered, highly available, redundant, performance, etc, etc... We recommend using Oracle ASM for all database deployments, single instance or clustered (RAC). The ASM instance manages the storage and every Oracle server process opens and operates on the storage devices like it would open and operate on regular datafiles or raw devices. So by default since 10gR1 up to today, we do not interact differently with ASM managed block devices than we did before with a datafile being mapped to a raw device. All of this is without ASMLib, so ignore that one for now. Standard Oracle on any platform that we support (Linux, Windows, Solaris, AIX, ...) does it the exact same way. You start an ASM instance, it handles storage management, all the database instances use and open that storage and read/write from/to it. There are no extra pieces of software needed, including on Linux. ASM is fully functional and selfcontained without any other components. In order for the admin to provide a raw device to ASM or to the database, it has to have persistent device naming. If you booted up a server where a raw disk was named /dev/sdf and you give it to ASM (or even just creating a tablespace without asm on that device with datafile '/dev/sdf') and next time you boot up and that device is now /dev/sdg, you end up with an error. Just like you can't just change datafile names, you can't change device filenames without telling the database, or ASM. persistent device naming on Linux, especially back in those days ways to say it bluntly, a nightmare. In fact there were a number of issues (dating back to 2004) : Linux async IO wasn't pretty persistent device naming including permissions (had to be owned by oracle and the dba group) was very, very difficult to manage system resource usage in terms of open file descriptors So given the above, we tried to find a way to make this easier on the admins, in many ways, similar to why we started working on OCFS a few years earlier - how can we make life easier for the admins on Linux. A feature of Oracle ASM is the ability for third parties to write an extension using what's called ASMLib. It is possible for any third party OS or storage vendor to write a library using a specific Oracle defined interface that gets used by the ASM instance and by the database instance when available. This interface offered 2 components : Define an IO interface - allow any IO to the devices to go through ASMLib Define device discovery - implement an external way of discovering, labeling devices to provide to ASM and the Oracle database instance This is similar to a library that a number of companies have implemented over many years called libODM (Oracle Disk Manager). ODM was specified many years before we introduced ASM and allowed third party vendors to implement their own IO routines so that the database would use this library if installed and make use of the library open/read/write/close,.. routines instead of the standard OS interfaces. PolyServe back in the day used this to optimize their storage solution, Veritas used (and I believe still uses) this for their filesystem. It basically allowed, in particular, filesystem vendors to write libraries that could optimize access to their storage or filesystem.. so ASMLib was not something new, it was basically based on the same model. You have libodm for just database access, you have libasm for asm/database access. Since this library interface existed, we decided to do a reference implementation on Linux. We wrote an ASMLib for Linux that could be used on any Linux platform and other vendors could see how this worked and potentially implement their own solution. As I mentioned earlier, ASMLib and ODMLib are libraries for third party extensions. ASMLib for Linux, since it was a reference implementation implemented both interfaces, the storage discovery part and the IO part. There are 2 components : Oracle ASMLib - the userspace library with config tools (a shared object and some scripts) oracleasm.ko - a kernel module that implements the asm device for /dev/oracleasm/* The userspace library is a binary-only module since it links with and contains Oracle header files but is generic, we only have one asm library for the various Linux platforms. This library is opened by Oracle ASM and by Oracle database processes and this library interacts with the OS through the asm device (/dev/asm). It can install on Oracle Linux, on SuSE SLES, on Red Hat RHEL,.. The library itself doesn't actually care much about the OS version, the kernel module and device cares. The support tools are simple scripts that allow the admin to label devices and scan for disks and devices. This way you can say create an ASM disk label foo on, currently /dev/sdf... So if /dev/sdf disappears and next time is /dev/sdg, we just scan for the label foo and we discover it as /dev/sdg and life goes on without any worry. Also, when the database needs access to the device, we don't have to worry about file permissions or anything it will be taken care of. So it's a convenience thing. The kernel module oracleasm.ko is a Linux kernel module/device driver. It implements a device /dev/oracleasm/* and any and all IO goes through ASMLib - /dev/oracleasm. This kernel module is obviously a very specific Oracle related device driver but it was released under the GPL v2 so anyone could easily build it for their Linux distribution kernels. Advantages for using ASMLib : A good async IO interface for the database, the entire IO interface is based on an optimal ASYNC model for performance A single file descriptor per Oracle process, not one per device or datafile per process reducing # of open filehandles overhead Device scanning and labeling built-in so you do not have to worry about messing with udev or devlabel, permissions or the likes which can be very complex and error prone. Just like with OCFS and OCFS2, each kernel version (major or minor) has to get a new version of the device drivers. We started out building the oracleasm kernel module rpms for many distributions, SLES (in fact in the early days still even for this thing called United Linux) and RHEL. The driver didn't make sense to get pushed into upstream Linux because it's unique and specific to the Oracle database. As it takes a huge effort in terms of build infrastructure and QA and release management to build kernel modules for every architecture, every linux distribution and every major and minor version we worked with the vendors to get them to add this tiny kernel module to their infrastructure. (60k source code file). The folks at SuSE understood this was good for them and their customers and us and added it to SLES. So every build coming from SuSE for SLES contains the oracleasm.ko module. We weren't as successful with other vendors so for quite some time we continued to build it for RHEL and of course as we introduced Oracle Linux end of 2006 also for Oracle Linux. With Oracle Linux it became easy for us because we just added the code to our build system and as we churned out Oracle Linux kernels whether it was for a public release or for customers that needed a one off fix where they also used asmlib, we didn't have to do any extra work it was just all nicely integrated. With the introduction of Oracle Linux's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and our interest in being able to exploit ASMLib more, we started working on a very exciting project called Data Integrity. Oracle (Martin Petersen in particular) worked for many years with the T10 standards committee and storage vendors and implemented Linux kernel support for DIF/DIX, data protection in the Linux kernel, note to those that wonder, yes it's all in mainline Linux and under the GPL. This basically gave us all the features in the Linux kernel to checksum a data block, send it to the storage adapter, which can then validate that block and checksum in firmware before it sends it over the wire to the storage array, which can then do another checksum and to the actual DISK which does a final validation before writing the block to the physical media. So what was missing was the ability for a userspace application (read: Oracle RDBMS) to write a block which then has a checksum and validation all the way down to the disk. application to disk. Because we have ASMLib we had an entry into the Linux kernel and Martin added support in ASMLib (kernel driver + userspace) for this functionality. Now, this is all based on relatively current Linux kernels, the oracleasm kernel module depends on the main kernel to have support for it so we can make use of it. Thanks to UEK and us having the ability to ship a more modern, current version of the Linux kernel we were able to introduce this feature into ASMLib for Linux from Oracle. This combined with the fact that we build the asm kernel module when we build every single UEK kernel allowed us to continue improving ASMLib and provide it to our customers. So today, we (Oracle) provide Oracle ASMLib for Oracle Linux and in particular on the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. We did the build/testing/delivery of ASMLib for RHEL until RHEL5 but since RHEL6 decided that it was too much effort for us to also maintain all the build and test environments for RHEL and we did not have the ability to use the latest kernel features to introduce the Data Integrity features and we didn't want to end up with multiple versions of asmlib as maintained by us. SuSE SLES still builds and comes with the oracleasm module and they do all the work and RHAT it certainly welcome to do the same. They don't have to rebuild the userspace library, it's really about the kernel module. And finally to re-iterate a few important things : Oracle ASM does not in any way require ASMLib to function completely. ASMlib is a small set of extensions, in particular to make device management easier but there are no extra features exposed through Oracle ASM with ASMLib enabled or disabled. Often customers confuse ASMLib with ASM. again, ASM exists on every Oracle supported OS and on every supported Linux OS, SLES, RHEL, OL withoutASMLib Oracle ASMLib userspace is available for OTN and the kernel module is shipped along with OL/UEK for every build and by SuSE for SLES for every of their builds ASMLib kernel module was built by us for RHEL4 and RHEL5 but we do not build it for RHEL6, nor for the OL6 RHCK kernel. Only for UEK ASMLib for Linux is/was a reference implementation for any third party vendor to be able to offer, if they want to, their own version for their own OS or storage ASMLib as provided by Oracle for Linux continues to be enhanced and evolve and for the kernel module we use UEK as the base OS kernel hope this helps.

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• Recommended total system backup solution

  - by bioShark

  I hope this question won't get closed immediately since it has a generic title. I already searched a bit around the answers here, but nothing satisfied me. I want a back-up solution that makes a total back-up, so that I can restore my Ubuntu in case of major failures, like HDD failing. As far as I can see, I have 2 choices: 1) Backing up with Deja Dup to an external disk. This is fine and I am already doing, but in case my HDD fails, and I make a new Ubuntu install on a new disk, will Deja Dup be able to restore all my setting and stuff from the backed up files? If it can, then what other files/folders should I add in Deja Dup to back-up (currently I have set only the recommended /home folder)? Is there a point in telling Deja Dup to back-up everything under "/" ? 2) A disk/partition cloning software. This would be something similar to Noton ghost. Is there such a software with nice GUI that you could recommend for Ubuntu? And even better, it would be nice if Ubuntu's liveCD could recognize such a clone at install step. I am using 11.10

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• GPTsync mismatch problem

  - by user86762

  I have a hybrid disk. After trying to copy some files from another disk to this one, I lost my OSX and Ubuntu boot capability. Ran gptsync and got: Current GPT partition table: # Start LBA End LBA Type 1 34 1987 BIOS Boot Partition 2 1988 1029662719 Basic Data 3 1029662720 2108995583 Basic Data 4 2108995584 2109405183 EFI System (FAT) 5 2109405184 2517004287 Mac OS X HFS+ 6 2517266432 2667417599 Mac OS X HFS+ 7 2667417600 3900229631 Basic Data 8 3900230504 3907029118 Linux Swap Current MBR partition table: # A Start LBA End LBA Type 1 1 3907029167 ee EFI Protective Status: MBR table must be updated. Proposed new MBR partition table: # A Start LBA End LBA Type 1 1 33 ee EFI Protective 2 34 1987 da Non-FS data 3 1988 1029662719 83 Linux 4 * 1029662720 2108995583 07 NTFS/HPFS May I update the MBR as printed above? [y/N] Clearly the MBR table is damaged or mismatched. But it does not reflect the correct GPT table partitions at all. How do I get the MBR repaired to match the GPT table (up to the 4 part limit of course)? The question is simply - Do I blindly say Yes to gptsync's suggestion? It looks sort of ok but not exactly so...Advice please on interpreting the above output to get my disk usable would be greatly appreciated. Thank You!

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• Problem Installing Ubuntu 12.04 - [Errno 5]

  - by Rob Barker

  I'm trying to intall Ubuntu 12.04 to my brand new eBay purchased hard drive. Only got the drive today and already it's causing me problems. The seller is a proper proffesional company with 99.9% positive feedback, so it seems unlikely they would have sold me something rubbish. My old hard drive packed up last Tuesday and so i bought a new one to replace it. Because this was an entirely new drive i decided to install Ubuntu as there was no current operating system. My computer is an eMachines EM250 netbook. There's no disc drive so i am installing from a USB stick. The new operating system loads beautifully, and the desktop appears just as it should. When i click install i am taken to the installer which copies the files to about 35% and then displays this: [Errno 5] Input/output error This is often due to a faulty CD/DVD disk or drive, or a faulty hard disk. It may help to clean the CD/DVD, to burn the CD/DVD at a lower speed, to clean the CD/DVD drive lens (cleaning kits are often available from electronics suppliers), to check whether the hard disk is old and in need of replacement, or to move the system to a cooler environment. The hard drive can be heard constantly crackling. When i booted Ubuntu 12.04 from my old faulty hard drive as a test, i didn't even make it past the purple Ubuntu screen, so it can't be that bad. Any ideas? Message to the moderators. Please do not close this thread. I'm well aware there may be other threads on this, but i don't want it closing as the others do not provide the answer i am looking for. Thank you.

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• Internal hard drive, can't format

  - by user113923

  I cannot format anymore the hard drive of my laptop. Here is how I proceed: I am starting my computer with a USB live drive (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS - the Lucid Lynx). Then I start disk utility and try to format the hard drive - I choosed to format the Master boot record but I get the following error: Error creating partition table: helper exited with exit code 1: Error calling fsync(2) on /dev/sda: Input/output error If I try to delete partitions I get the following error Error erasing: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_del_partition: device_file=/dev/sda, offset=32256 Entering MS-DOS parser (offset=0, size=30005821440) MSDOS_MAGIC found looking at part 0 (offset 32256, size 4096157184, type 0x83) new part entry looking at part 1 (offset 10618836480, size 8414461440, type 0x83) new part entry looking at part 2 (offset 19033297920, size 1077511680, type 0x82) new part entry looking at part 3 (offset 20110809600, size 9895011840, type 0x07) new part entry Exiting MS-DOS parser MSDOS partition table detected got it got disk got partition - part-type=0 Error: Input/output error during write on /dev/sda ped_disk_commit_to_dev() failed If I try to install ubuntu frrom the usb on the hard drive and choose erase and use the entire disk I get the error message Input/output error during write on /dev/sda For side infos I have at the moment 4 partitions on my hard drive: /dev/sda1 (ext2) /dev/sda2 (ext2) /dev/sda3 (swap) /dev/sda1 (ntfs) + /dev/sda (unlocated Space) My ultimate goal is to reinstall ubuntu and have only 2 partitions... I would really appreciate any help here! Thanks JB

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• Grub menu will not show the first time I try to boot my ubuntu server 12.04 after it is shutdown for a long time

  - by user211477

  I am running into a booting issue after installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. Following is the symptom of the problem. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: Dual core AMD Athlon 64 3 Disks: two SATA (out of which one is SSD) and one PATA. Using LVM for disk partition management. /boot is not under LVM rest of the partitions are. / is on the SSD BIOS boot sequence is correct and points to the disk with /boot and boot loader is installed on this disk. SYMPTOMS: POST messages Blinking cursor on first line then moves to second line Screen flickers then becomes black Everything is unresponsive, hard reboot POST messages will not show up on screen. Monitor displays powersave message Force shutdown machine again. Shutoff power to machine for a few minutes. Restart machine. POST message show up. Grub menu shows up Ubuntu server 12.04 boots normally. From now on Ubuntu server boots normally until machine is shutdown for a long time (for example, 30 mins) Repeat steps 1 through 13 once the machine is started after a long time. WHAT DID I TRY? I read several posts and have tried: radeon.modeset=0 setting the gfxmode edd=0 nolacpi boot-repair Nothing seems to work. In my search I did see only one post with this same symptom. Unfortunately, I am not being able to locate that post anymore. The interesting fact is that with this same machine configuration, if I install Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 then everything works fine. Any help will be appreciated.

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• Cannot Restore GRUB (Ubuntu 11.04 + Win 7)

  - by Benny

  I'm trying to fix GRUB on my PC, but I'm running into serious issues doing so. Any help would be greatly appreciated as I'm completely crippled right now. Here is the sequence of events for this PC: Installed Windows 7 Split full disk into two partitions (one for win7 and one for multimedia) Long time passed Split one of the partitions into two again Installed Ubuntu 11.04 on new partition A little time passed Windows 7 acting up, reinstall Ubuntu GRUB gone Tried restoring GRUB by mounting and grub-install from live USB Tried switching to a live CD instead of USB (thinking it might be the drive) Now I don't see GRUB and I'm getting "input/output" errors An example i/o error: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbe86aff6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 48727 391393280 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 48727 77063 227612647+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 77063 91202 113566721 5 Extended /dev/sda5 77063 90622 108908544 83 Linux /dev/sda6 90622 91202 4657152 82 Linux swap / Solaris ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda mkdir: cannot create directory `/mnt/boot': Input/output error ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cd /mnt ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt$ ls ls: cannot access etc: Input/output error

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• Effortlessly resize images in Orchard 1.7

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  I’ve written several times about image resizing in .NET, but never in the context of Orchard. With the imminent release of Orchard 1.7, it’s time to correct this. The new version comes with an extensible media pipeline that enables you to define complex image processing workflows that can automatically resize, change formats or apply watermarks. This is not the subject of this post however. What I want to show here is one of the underlying APIs that enable that feature, and that comes in the form of a new shape. Once you have enabled the media processing feature, a new ResizeMediaUrl shape becomes available from your views. All you have to do is feed it a virtual path and size (and, if you need to override defaults, a few other optional parameters), and it will do all the work for you of creating a unique URL for the resized image, and write that image to disk the first time the shape is rendered: <img src="@Display.ResizeMediaUrl(Path: img, Width: 59)"/> Notice how I only specified a maximum width. The height could of course be specified, but in this case will be automatically determined so that the aspect ratio is preserved. The second time the shape is rendered, the shape will notice that the resized file already exists on disk, and it will serve that directly, so caching is handled automatically and the image can be served almost as fast as the original static one, because it is also a static image. Only the URL generation and checking for the file existence takes time. Here is what the generated thumbnails look like on disk: In the case of those product images, the product page will download 12kB worth of images instead of 1.87MB. The full size images will only be downloaded as needed, if the user clicks on one of the thumbnails to get the full-scale. This is an extremely useful tool to use in your themes to easily render images of the exact right size and thus limit your bandwidth consumption. Mobile users will thank you for that.

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• Hide icons encrypted file system partitions in Nautilus

  - by Eddy Pronk

  I've installed Ubuntu 10.04 from the alternate CD. It has an encrypted root and swap partition. The root partition is visible in Nautilus as 'File Syste' icon. There is another icon "216 GB Filesystem". If I click it says: Unable to mount 216 GB Filesystem. /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt is mounted. Then there is another icon "6.1 GB Swap Space". If I click it it says: Unable to mount 6.1 GB Swap Space. Not a mountable file system. How can I hide these last two icons? Partition layout: $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda [sudo] password for eddyp: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa6e92df4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 11749 94373811 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 11871 38914 217219073 5 Extended /dev/sda3 * 11750 11871 976896 83 Linux /dev/sda5 11871 38167 211220480 83 Linux /dev/sda6 38167 38914 5997568 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Mounted as: $ mount /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext4 (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/eddyp/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=eddyp) /dev/sda1 on /media/S3A6595D003 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions)

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• Input/output error, when trying to install on netbook [closed]

  - by Ben

  Been trying to install ubuntu on my Samsung NB30 netbook, but I have been running into the same error over and over again. [Errno 5] Input/output error This particular error is often due to a faulty CD/DVD disk or drive, or a faulty hard disk. It may help to clean the CD/DVD, to burn the CD/DVD at a lower speed, to clean the CD/DVD drive lens (cleaning kits are often available from electronics suppliers), to check whether the hard disk is old and in need of replacement, or to move the system to a cooler environment. I'm installing from the USB bootable version, I get the exact same error at the exact same point when trying to install both ubuntu desktop and ubuntu desktop remix. I've tried redownloading both ISOs twice and I've tried two different USB sticks (one being completely new). I've tried installing from with in an ubuntu live session and I get the exact same problem. I've ran a bootable memtest and everything passes with no errors, I've also ran a dmesg in terminal after the installer fails here's what it reported - http://bit.ly/exAQRR Thanks in advance! EDIT: I know this was ages ago, but to anyone out there with the same issue, the problem turned out to be the downloaded image, my internet is poor at the best of times and the ISO failed the MD5sum check, if this happens to you I recommend you download the ISO image by torrent, it'll check the integrity of the file is maintained.

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• Creating floppy drive special devices under Quantal

  - by JCCyC

  First, I'd like for the various special devices for different floppy capacities (like /dev/fd0u720 etc.) to be available. I tried to adapt some udev rules I found online. I tried this, which I saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="create_floppy_devices -c -t $attr{cmos} -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k" But to no avail. It seems the create_floppy_devices script isn't provided with 12.10. How do I obtain it? Second: I'm using MATE, and whenever I log in I get a message box saying it tried to mount the drive but failed. How do I disable this? Third (which is probably related to the second): Whenever there's a disk in the drive, the motor won't stop spinning. If I do a mdir of it, after it returns, the motor stops, and then starts again. I suspect there's some process in MATE doing this. UPDATE: For CentOS 6 (who does have a create_floppy_devices program) the following rules file worked. Saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/98-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) # drive A: is type 4 (1.44MB) - add other lines for other drives KERNEL=="fd0*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/lib/udev/create_floppy_devices -c -t 4 -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k"

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• Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Windows 8 - How to partition from Windows

  - by mengelkoch

  I plan to install Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Windows 8, and I'm looking for a CLEAR answer on how to conduct partitioning appropriately. I'm very new to all of this so a thorough explanation with minimal jargon would be great. I have an Acer Aspire M5 x64 with 6G RAM. I think I already figured out how to deal with the fast startup, UEFI and SecureBoot issues (I disabled fast startup and disabled Secure Boot). I am able to boot into Ubuntu from a LiveUSB, and I think I am ready to install Ubuntu. Note - despite some advice found here, I do have to disable SecureBoot to boot 13.04 from my LiveUSB. From what I have read here, it seems that I should (at least at first) create the partitions from WITHIN Windows 8, not from the LiveUSB, to avoid reported problems. I have run compmgmt.msc and I see the existing partitions. I see the following: Disk 0: 400 MB Recovery; 300 MB EFI System; Acer (C:) 444.95 GB (Boot, Page File, Crash Dump, Primary Partition); 20 GB Recovery Disk 1: 3.74 GB Primary Partition; 14.90 GB Primary Partition I gather I need to create a mounting point '/' Partition (??), a swap partition, and a home partition. Please explain what these are, how big they should be, how I create them from Windows Disk Management, and anything else I need to know. Eventually, I plan to fully replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu, but for now I want to run alongside Windows 8 and not screw things up. I don't have any critical files saved on this computer yet. Thanks.

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• Strange resizing of partition after reinstalling Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

  - by Mike

  I started with Windows 7 on 120GB SSD and Ubuntu 14.04 32bit installed on 60GB partition on separate 1TB HDD. I just did a fresh reinstall of 14.04 64bit on the 1TB HDD. In the installation set up process, I selected the second choice of "deleting Ubuntu 14.04 and all it's files,documents, photos etc and reinstalling" to what I figured would reinstall the 64bit OS on the already existing 60GB allocated partition. Instead, it reinstalled Ubuntu as 43.5 GB and created a separate 15.8 partition. So now it reads that my disk space for Ubuntu ( in settingsdetails) is 43.5GB (instead of the previous 60GB that my old 32bit had) The upside is I can now access my 1TB HDD from my toolbar(and all the files located on it) Before, I could only access that through Windows (I can also access the SSD too, but that was always the case) Both drives are mounted now. My initial reaction was to go into Windows 7 disk management delete the strange/new 15gb partitionextend the 43.5 to the unallocated space. But I'm not sure if this is necessary or would even work. My question is why did it create a 15gb partition shrinking my ubuntu disk space, and is it useful? I don't want wasted space, so before I go through all my set up of Ubuntu, should I change this. At this time my HDD reads as 43.5 partiton, 15.8 partition, and 874GB exfat32 (939GB total)

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• How to improve my backup strategy (rsync)?

  - by GUI Junkie

  I've seen the QAs about backup solutions, but I'm asking anyway. One because it's a personal situation I haven't solved yet, and two, because the answer can be useful for others. My situation is rather simple. I have two computers with two users and one external hard-drive. I want to sync/backup a shared directory. Currently I use rsync with the -azvu options to sync to the external drive. My problem is the round-trip. All deleted files are restored! Using rsync I'm doing Computer A --> External disk --> Computer A Computer B --> External disk --> Computer B (I should probably do External disk -- Computer A as a last step) I've seen 'bup' mentioned and other QA talk about dropbox + rsync... Another option is maybe to delete files from rsync? Can my running backup strategy be improved in some other way?

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• Banshee gapless playback does not work when playing mp3s

  - by ComputerGuy505

  Even though I have gapless playback enabled in Banshee's settings menu, there is a very short pause between songs. This might be due to the fact that my hard drive's partitions seem wierd. fdisk -l produces this output: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4a73c3cb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 409599 203776 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 409600 724153740 361872070+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1456826368 1465145343 4159488 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda4 724154366 1456826367 366336001 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1440159744 1456826367 8333312 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 724154368 1440159743 358002688 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Playing mp3's from /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda6 produces this problem. I don't seem to have gapless playback on Rhythmbox or Clementine either, if those media players are supposed to have it. I'm not sure what other info to provide. This is just annoying to me. Thanks for any help.

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• X won't start, root filesystem mounted read only

  - by TK Kocheran

  I just experienced a very strange and puzzling problem on my machine that I can't seem to get sorted out. I was running Windows on a second partition, and everything was working great. I then went to restart into Linux, and noticed that X wouldn't start. Everything was displayed in super-low resolution, so I tried reinstalling my NVIDIA driver. I started seeing all of these I/O error problems, so I figured that my SSD was bad. After a bit more playing around, I ran fsck on the drive when mounted from a startup disk as well as badsectors and everything looked great. The SMART drive tests all passed and again, everything was looking good, so I rebooted again and still, no joy. I started then getting some weird USB errors, so I followed someone's advice and unplugged my computer's power supply, then started back up again and my graphics looked a lot better in the BIOS and in the boot logo, but X still wouldn't start. I then found out that my main boot drive was being mounted read-only for some reason. What's going wrong? I've done some pretty extensive tests on the SSD from a startup disk such as writing massive files, reading big files, running filesystem checks on the entire disk, and everything is looking great, until I try to boot. Whenever I try installing the drivers with apt-get, I get a ton of ata error messages looking like this: How can I diagnose what's going wrong and fix it so I can get back to work?

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