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• WIN7 and Ubuntu lost after Installing ubuntu 12.04 and win7 dual system ,I have no OS on my laptop now

  - by abos

  Here is the procedure: In the morning I installed ubuntu using a USB directly without config any thing to my win7 system. After install complete, ubuntu installation software tell me to reboot.And everything is just find. While rebooting, there is NO UBUNTU system for me to select,and my laptop go straight to log in using WIN7. NO ubuntu shows on WIN7's configuration(Default System). Log in ubuntu using usb(try ubuntu without installation), I can find ubuntu's filesystem was already there. Formatting the disk on WIN7's disk management, rearranging them to other disk.Still having no trouble with WIN7. In the afternoon try a few times of installation and uninstallation of ubuntu. still shows no sign of selecting ubuntu system. In the evening another trial while installing ubuntu with the third option of: installing ubuntu alongside with INW7, erase win7 and install ubuntu. somethingelse --- my check failed with configuartion for what comes out with the 'something else' option,reboot. And I have no system now with some cmd tips say: Reboot and Select proper Boot Device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key. Files those on win7's orginal file system and Ubuntu filesystem can still be found when I 'try ubuntu without installation'. 5.But I just got no OS when I reboot my laptop normally.

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• Partition does not start on physical sector boundary?

  - by jasmines

  I've one HD on my laptop, with two partitions (one ext3 with Ubuntu 12.04 installed and one swap). fdisk is giving me a Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary warning. What is the cause and do I need to fix it? If so, how? This is sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 testine, 63 settori/tracce, 91201 cilindri, totale 1465149168 settori Unità = settori di 1 * 512 = 512 byte Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Identificativo disco: 0x5a25087f Dispositivo Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 1448577023 724288480+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda2 1448577024 1465147391 8285184 82 Linux swap / Solaris This is sudo lshw related result: *-disk description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD7500BPKT-0 vendor: Western Digital physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 01.0 serial: WD-WX21CC1T0847 size: 698GiB (750GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=5a25087f *-volume:0 description: EXT3 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: cc5c562a-bc59-4a37-b589-805b27b2cbd7 size: 690GiB capacity: 690GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files recover ext3 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2010-02-27 09:18:28 filesystem=ext3 modified=2012-06-23 18:33:59 mount.fstype=ext3 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-06-28 00:20:47 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Linux swap volume physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: 1 serial: 16a7fee0-be9e-4e34-9dc3-28f4eeb61bf6 size: 8091MiB capacity: 8091MiB capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096 These are related /etc/fstab lines: UUID=cc5c562a-bc59-4a37-b589-805b27b2cbd7 / ext3 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 UUID=16a7fee0-be9e-4e34-9dc3-28f4eeb61bf6 none swap sw 0 0

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• I installed ubuntu, the installer told me to reboot afterwards. I dd, and now linux wont boot

  - by mandy

  Im trying to dual boot between mac 10.6.8 and ubuntu 11.10. I have a macbook pro 8,1. So i installed from a 10.04 disk because the install window makes more sense to me, and it doesnt give me errors or anything. Also, any versions of ubuntu after that dont boot from disk for whatever reason. (i think its having to do with the efi boot thing. i have to get ubuntu 11.10 to boot from a usb with folders bootefiboot.iso) Then my plan after that was after the ubuntu 10.04 install took care of all the swap and stuff for me without being messy, to upgrade to 11.10. So here i have 10.04 booting successfully back and forth from mac osx no problem. I put in my 11.10 usb and the installer gives me the option to "update 10.04 to 11.10" bingo, jackpot, thats what i want. Everything proceeds as normal, as EVERY OTHER install of ubuntu i have ever done, then the installer finishes and says HEY! im finished! Continue testing or reboot now! So i reboot, and what do i get??? A black screen that says the file system isnt found, to enter a boot disk and press any key. WHAT THE HELL????? so i boot the 11.10 installer again from usb, and select "erase 11.10 and install 11.10", installer proceeds normally, and asks me to reboot. I reboot and get the SAME THING. Please, someone, help me get this right here. This is my first time actually dual booting between mac and linux. Usually i just wipe off osx completely and install ubuntu but i actually need to keep my mac partition this time. I have successfully installed 11.10 on this machine before, but that was when i did a clean install. Help?

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• What is the recommended way to empty a SSD?

  - by Lekensteyn

  I've just received my new SSD since the old one died. This Intel 320 SSD supports TRIM. For testing purposes, my dealer put malware, err, Windows on it. I want to get rid of it and install Kubuntu on it. It does not have to be a "secure wipe", I just need the empty the disk in the mosy healthy way. I believe that dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda just fills the blocks with zeroes and thereby taking another write (correct me if I'm wrong). I've seen the answer How to enable TRIM, but it looks like it's suited for clearing empty blocks, not wiping the disk. hdparm seems to be the program to do it, but I'm not sure if it clears the disk OR cleans empty blocks. From its manual page: --trim-sector-ranges For Solid State Drives (SSDs). EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!! Tells the drive firmware to discard unneeded data sectors, destroying any data that may have been present within them. This makes those sectors available for immediate use by the firmware's garbage collection mechanism, to improve scheduling for wear-leveling of the flash media. This option expects one or more sector range pairs immediately after the option: an LBA starting address, a colon, and a sector count, with no intervening spaces. EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!! E.g. hdparm --trim-sector-ranges 1000:4 7894:16 /dev/sdz How can I make all blocks appear as empty using TRIM?

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• How to modify partitions after install?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I wanted to have Ubuntu with full disk encryption on one big partition, and Windows on a small one. In 12.04, only the Server Edition installer has full disk encryption, so I used that and then installed ubuntu-desktop. When it asked for the size, I reduced it from ~999GB to ~750gb. Now after the install, on both gparted and disk utility I see /dev/sda2 taking ~931GB, and nothing unallocated, so I can't create a partition for windows. I got the size right, because when I right-click inside a folder, then hit 'properties', I see Free space: ~690GB (I don't know why it's not ~750GB, but at least it's not 900). The command df -h shows the same. So what can I do? Normally I would just resize a partition with gparted to create unallocated space, then create the partition. But here I have two problems: gparted does not seem to be showing the correct values, and also it says it does not support LUKS so I'm afraid it will mess things up. Any thoughts?

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• GRUB2 stuck at rescue console, showing "unknown filesystem" for all partitions

  - by AndiDog

  I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my external USB drive, where I have a 700GB NTFS partition followed by the new 6GB ext4 partition and a swap partition (all primary). The GRUB MBR is also installed to the external hard disk. Since my BIOS puts the external drive as first disk when booting, I removed my internal hard disk before installation in order to avoid ordering problems. Now when I boot from the external drive, GRUB is stuck at the rescue console with the error "unknown filesystem". grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,msdos3) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) ls (hd0,<any of them>)/ gives me "unknown filesystem", thus also "insmod normal" GRUB doesn't seem to be able to read my Linux partition as you can see above?! How can I solve this? Additional info: bootinfoscript says (this is with the internal drive in again, but that does not make a difference): Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive. sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info:

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• How to mount drive in /media/userName/ like nautilus do using udisks

  - by Bsienn

  As of my current installation of Ubuntu 13.10 Unity, when i click on a drive in nautilus it get mounted in /media/username/mountedDrive i read that nautilus use udisks to do that. Basically i want to auto mount my drive using udisks in start up using this method But problem is, it mounts the drive in /media/mountedDrive, but i want it the way nautilus do in /media/username/mounteDrive I want NTFS Data drive to be auto mounted at /media/bsienn/ bsienn@bsienn-desktop:~$ blkid /dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="8230744030743D6B" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: LABEL="Windows 7" UUID="60100EA5100E81F0" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="Data" UUID="882C04092C03F14C" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="8768800f-59e1-41a2-9092-c0a8cb60dabf" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda6: LABEL="Ubuntu Drive" UUID="13ea474a-fb27-4c91-bae7-c45690f88954" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="69c22e73-9f64-4b48-b854-7b121642cd5d" TYPE="ext4" bsienn@bsienn-desktop:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160000000000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19452 cylinders, total 312500000 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8d528d52 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 117730069 58761611 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 158690072 312494116 76902022+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 117731326 158689279 20478977 5 Extended /dev/sda5 137263104 141260799 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 141262848 158689279 8713216 83 Linux /dev/sda7 117731328 137263103 9765888 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order bsienn@bsienn-desktop:~$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=69c22e73-9f64-4b48-b854-7b121642cd5d / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=8768800f-59e1-41a2-9092-c0a8cb60dabf none swap sw 0 0 Desired effect: Picture link

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• Install Ubuntu side by side with Windows

  - by Igal

  I'm trying to setup both Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop on the same machine. I've partitioned the disk into 3 parts, so that I can have Windows Ubuntu Shared Partition for Files I've installed Windows 7 on the first partition (which created a small partition of 100MB for boot), so now I have 4 partitions on the disk which is all it can take. Now I am installing Ubuntu, and it's asking me whether I want to: Install Ubuntu inside Windows 7 Replace Windows 7 with Ubuntu (No!) Something else I want the Ubuntu installation to go into the partition that I prepared for it. Should I choose "Something else"? If I do so -- will I be able to choose which OS to load at boot? Can anyone explain how "Ubuntu inside Windows" work? it says that it will allow me to choose which OS to load at boot, which is desired. UPDATE: When choosing "Something else" I see also an option for Device for Boot Loader Installation: /dev/sda -- the ssd disk itself /dev/sda1 -- the Windows 7 loader (100MB partition) /dev/sda4 -- which is one of the other partitions Which one should I choose there? TIA!

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• Grub menu not waiting despite of GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

  - by Optimus

  I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed along side of windows 7. The grub menu doesn't seem obey GRUB_TIMEOUT=10, I see the grub menu there for a split second and it immediately defaults to the first option. Grub menu worked fine when I first installed ubuntu. I am not able to pinpoint what exactly broke it(maybe some update?). I did resize my ubuntu partition using gparted but am not sure if that is what caused it. here are my settings from etc/default/grub GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" How do I fix this? Edit: As suggested by 'kamil' this is what I have tried so far with no luck - 1) hold the shift key while booting 2) sudo gedit /etc/default/grub edit GRUB_TIMEOUT to `GRUB_TIMEOUT=10` sudo update-grub 3) sudo gedit /etc/default/grub edit GRUB_TIMEOUT to `GRUB_TIMEOUT=10` sudo update-grub2 4) at the end of your /etc/grub.d/00_header file, comment out the if condition except for the regular set timeout line like this: #if [ \${recordfail} = 1 ]; then # set timeout=-1 #else set timeout=${GRUB_TIMEOUT} #fi then sudo update-grub and sudo update-grub2 5) install boot repair sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair boot-repair boot-repair output - Boot successfully repaired. ... The boot files of [The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, 200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition) http://paste.ubuntu.com/1220468/ - here is the full boot-repair data Could grub files not being at the start of the disk create such issues?

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• Can't start system due to mdadm failing

  - by user101212

  I used to have a 5-disk RAID5 partition, all working very well. I have then decided to add 3 more disks on it, totaling 8 equal disks. I've opened Webmin and just asked to add the disks. Then I've realized the three disks had NTFS partitions, wich mdadm didn't complain, so I tried to stop the growing to remove the Windows partitions. I've tried to remove a disk using the same Webmin, but (as you might guess and call me fool...), the system became unstable. By restarting the system, I've started receiving these messages: "udev[126]: timeout: killing '/sbin/mdadm --incremental /dev/sdh1' [311]" "udev[124]: timeout: killing '/sbin/mdadm --detail --export /dev/md0' [316]" I've formated the system disk, hoping to get a system up and running. I did that with all RAID disks disconected, so everything was fine. I then reconnected the disks, wich was also ok. And finally installed mdadm using apt-get. By reboot, the system has found the mdadm intention of growing the system, so the same messages appear again. I other words: I can't even reach a command prompt to do something. Any ideas of what to do? I believe I could turn off the system, disconnect the disks and look for the mdadm.conf file. Would that be a good idead? I'm no Linux expert, so I'm really lost here.

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• How do I add a boot from cd option to yaboot?

  - by Sergiu

  So I'm dual-booting Ubuntu 12.04.1 on my iMac G5 powepc alongside Mac OS X and I want to add a boot cd option to yaboot because I'm trying to boot a scratched Mac OS X installation DVD that takes a while to read and the frst bootstrap moves on too fast. How do I edit the timeout for the first bootstrap anyways? So, my main question is, how do I add a cd booting option to yaboot and then, how doI boot it? The devalias from OpenFrmware tells me that 1 have 2 cd-rom instaled, on is /ht/pci@3/ata-6/disk@0 and the other on ends with a 1 instead of a zero. These are the contents of my yaboot.conf file: yaboot.conf generated by the Ubuntu installer run: "man yaboot.conf" for details. Do not make changes until you have!! see also: /usr/share/doc/yaboot/examples for example configurations. For a dual-boot menu, add one or more of: bsd=/dev/hdaX, macos=/dev/hdaY, macosx=/dev/hdaZ boot="/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_ST3160023AS_5MT1GCWA-part2" device=/ht@0,f2000000/pci@3/k2-sata-root@c/@0/@0 partition=4 root="UUID=798a048f-ee48-49e0-bba3-111aed8dee04" timeout=12000 install=/usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot enablecdboot macosx="/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_ST3160023AS_5MT1GCWA-part3" image=/boot/vmlinux label=Linux read-only initrd=/boot/initrd.img append="quiet splash" What do I add here so that yaboot will boot from my cd in like 3 minutes after startup? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu cannot see Windows 7 partitions on install

  - by Nash0

  I've been trying to install Ubuntu 10.10 as a dual boot with Windows 7 on my Dell latitude e6510. It is currently running Windows 7 and I have used the MS disk tools to shrink the Win 7 NTFS partition to make room for Linux. The issue I'm having is that when I run Ubuntus installer by booting from CD it sees the entire hard drive as unallocated space. I have also tried Kbuntu 10.10, Fedora 14, booting a Gparted 0.8.0 usb drive, and Ubuntu "install in Windows" with wubi they all have problems. EDIT: When I run the "try Ubuntu" option on booting from cd it can mount my Windows partition and I can view the files. The output of sudo parted -l when running in try Ubuntu mode: Warning: /dev/sda contains GPT signatures, indicating that it has a GPT table. However, it does not have a valid fake msdos partition table, as it should. Perhaps it was corrupted -- possibly by a program that doesn't understand GPT partition tables. Or perhaps you deleted the GPT table, and are now using an msdos partition table. Is this a GPT partition table? Yes/No? yes Model: ATA ST9500420AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label

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• Will Ubuntu Live CD move MFT to resize NTFS volumes?

  - by irwazr

  I have a feeling some will consider this a duplicate, but please hear me out. I've been reading tons of questions and threads around this but have never really found an answer for this specifically. I want to shrink my NTFS partition to make room for a Ubuntu install, so I can dual boot them. However when shrinking the NTFS volume in Windows disk management, it will only go so far as the MFT is sitting near the end of the volume. I've read plenty of posts about why it does this, and how difficult/dangerous it is to move the MFT etc. I've also read that Perfect Disk can apparently do it under it's trial period, but I remain cautious to try this method. I was wondering however if the disk partitioning utility included in the Ubuntu install wizard handles the moving of the MFT when dragging the partition boundaries. It all seems too simple that you simply tell it the new size you want it to be. Would it tell me if it couldn't resize by the amount you requested if the MFT was an issue, or move it for you if it were able. I'm concerned it might corrupt the MFT and the volume, even though I doubt the install wizard would be so daft. So what exactly is the deal with the partition resizing tool in the Ubuntu install wizard? Will it safely resize my NTFS volume despite the location of my MFT? Thanks in advance.

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• Thunderbird: "Could not initialize the application's security component" [closed]

  - by user unknown

  In Thunderbird, on startup, I get the error message: "Could not initialize the application's security component" The message continues to check permissions of the profile, and free disk space. df -h shows, that I have 19G free disk space. find . -not -perm -644 -not -perm -600 -ls shows: No file without rw-permissions for me. Before the error occured, thunderbird worked well. But I changed my main mail-account. I had two, let's call them A and B, and used mainly A, but now I wanted to deaktivate it, and receive and send automatically via the second. I Had problems moving the filters from inbox A to inbox B (missing copy-functionality). In the web, I found (mollazine) hints, to move key3.db, cert8.db and secmode.db out of the way, but it didn't work for me. Another hint was to uninstall Quickcam(?. sic!), but I don't have Quickcam. A third to recreate the profile, but I have subdirectories, filters, addressbook, groups - mails back to the year 2003. I don't want to risk the loss of data. The whole errormessage is: Could not initialize the application's security component. The most likely cause is problems with files in your application's profile directory. Please check that this directory has no read/write restrictions and your hard disk is not full or close to full. It is recommended that you exit the application and fix the problem. If you continue to use this session, you might see incorrect application behaviour when accessing security features. When I open the error-console, it is empty.

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• How do I get my internal HDD to mount at startup?

  - by el_gallo_azul

  It's either not intuitive or not working in Ubuntu 14.04. I want to mount my internal HDD at at startup (I boot from an SSD). I attempt to set this, following this procedure: Open Disks utility Select the disk Below the disk's Volumes, click on the More actions button Select Edit Mount Options... Select Automatic Mount Options "Off" Under Mount Options, ensure that Mount at startup is selected Click OK Enter password into Authenticate dialog box Restart but this procedure doesn't work. Upon rebooting, and after Grub attempts to start Ubuntu, I receive the error message "An error occurred while mounting /mnt/4f721fc0-8072-453f-b48f-ca686bd89549. Press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery". That identifier "4f721fc0-8072-453f-b48f-ca686bd89549" was automatically assigned by Ubuntu. I press S and the boot process continues OK. If I try to mount the disk immediately after booting, I receive the error message "Unable to access "Storage"" (I named the volume Storage). So then I start the Disks utility and set it to Automatic Mount Options "On" and reboot. To me, it seems like this should work, but it doesn't. Here are a number of photos of the process (Alt+PrtScn doesn't work after selecting More actions).

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• Should I use Python or Assembly for a super fast copy program

  - by PyNEwbie

  As a maintenance issue I need to routinely (3-5 times per year) copy a repository that is now has over 20 million files and exceeds 1.5 terabytes in total disk space. I am currently using RICHCOPY, but have tried others. RICHCOPY seems the fastest but I do not believe I am getting close to the limits of the capabilities of my XP machine. I am toying around with using what I have read in The Art of Assembly Language to write a program to copy my files. My other thought is to start learning how to multi-thread in Python to do the copies. I am toying around with the idea of doing this in Assembly because it seems interesting, but while my time is not incredibly precious it is precious enough that I am trying to get a sense of whether or not I will see significant enough gains in copy speed. I am assuming that I would but I only started really learning to program 18 months and it is still more or less a hobby. Thus I may be missing some fundamental concept of what happens with interpreted languages. Any observations or experiences would be appreciated. Note, I am not looking for any code. I have already written a basic copy program in Python 2.6 that is no slower than RICHCOPY. I am looking for some observations on which will give me more speed. Right now it takes me over 50 hours to make a copy from a disk to a Drobo and then back from the Drobo to a disk. I have a LogicCube for when I am simply duplicating a disk but sometimes I need to go from a disk to Drobo or the reverse. I am thinking that given that I can sector copy a 3/4 full 2 terabyte drive using the LogicCube in under seven hours I should be able to get close to that using Assembly, but I don't know enough to know if this is valid. (Yes, sometimes ignorance is bliss) The reason I need to speed it up is I have had two or three cycles where something has happened during copy (fifty hours is a long time to expect the world to hold still) that has caused me to have to trash the copy and start over. For example, last week the water main broke under our building and shorted out the power.

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• How can I limit the cache used by copying so there is still memory available for other cache?

  - by Peter

  Basic situation: I am copying some NTFS disks in openSuSE. Each one is 2TB. When I do this, the system runs slow. My guesses: I believe it is likely due to caching. Linux decides to discard useful cache (eg. kde4 bloat, virtual machine disks, LibreOffice binaries, Thunderbird binaries, etc.) and instead fill all available memory (24 GB total) with stuff from the copying disks, which will be read only once, then written and never used again. So then any time I use these apps (or kde4), the disk needs to be read again, and reading the bloat off the disk again makes things freeze/hiccup. Due to the cache being gone and the fact that these bloated applications need lots of cache, this makes the system horribly slow. Since it is USB,the disk and disk controller are not the bottleneck, so using ionice does not make it faster. I believe it is the cache rather than just the motherboard going too slow, because if I stop everything copying, it still runs choppy for a while until it recaches everything. And if I restart the copying, it takes a minute before it is choppy again. But also, I can limit it to around 40 MB/s, and it runs faster again (not because it has the right things cached, but because the motherboard busses have lots of extra bandwidth for the system disks). I can fully accept a performance loss from my motherboard's IO capability being completely consumed (which is 100% used, meaning 0% wasted power which makes me happy), but I can't accept that this caching mechanism performs so terribly in this specific use case. # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 24731556 24531876 199680 0 8834056 12998916 -/+ buffers/cache: 2698904 22032652 Swap: 4194300 24764 4169536 I also tried the same thing on Ubuntu, which causes a total system hang instead. ;) And to clarify, I am not asking how to leave memory free for the "system", but for "cache". I know that cache memory is automatically given back to the system when needed, but my problem is that it is not reserved for caching of specific things. Question: Is there some way to tell these copy operations to limit memory usage so some important things remain cached, and therefore any slowdowns are a result of normal disk usage and not rereading the same commonly used files? For example, is there a setting of max memory per process/user/file system allowed to be used as cache/buffers?

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• "domain crashed" when creating new Xen instance

  - by user47650

  I have downloaded a Xen virtual machine image from the appscale project, and I am trying to start it up. However once I run the command; xm create -c -f xen.conf The instance immediately crashes and provides no console output. however it produces logs that I have posted below. but this is the error; [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. I have managed to mount the root.img file locally and verify that it is actually an ext3 file system. I am running Xen 3.0.3 that is a stock RPM from the CentOS 5 repos; # rpm -qa | grep -i xen xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 kernel-xen-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 any suggestions on how to proceed with troubleshooting? (i am a newbie to Xen) so far I have enabled console logging, but the log file is empty. ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_allocate: cmdline=" ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console", features="" xc_dom_kernel_file: filename="/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 2284 kB xc_dom_ramdisk_file: filename="/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 9005 kB xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 3.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_parse_image: called xc_dom_find_loader: trying ELF-generic loader ... failed xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... xc_dom_malloc : 9875 kB xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x234bb2 -> 0x9a4de0 OK elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x200000 memsz=0x447000 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x647000 memsz=0xab888 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f3000 memsz=0x908 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f4000 memsz=0x1c2f9c elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x200000 -> 0x8b6f9c elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff8071e200 elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff80209000 elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 virt_kstart = 0xffffffff80200000 virt_kend = 0xffffffff808b6f9c virt_entry = 0xffffffff8071e200 xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b6f9c xc_dom_mem_init: mem 1024 MB, pages 0x40000 pages, 4k each xc_dom_mem_init: 0x40000 pages xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 xc_dom_malloc : 2048 kB ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 9 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:207) XendDomainInfo.create(['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]]) [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:329) parseConfig: config is ['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]] [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:446) parseConfig: result is {'features': '', 'image': ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']], 'cpus': [], 'vcpu_avail': 1, 'backend': [], 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'cpu_weight': 256.0, 'memory': 1024, 'cpu_cap': 0, 'localtime': None, 'timer_mode': None, 'start_time': 1299011639.9200001, 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'device': [('vif', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]), ('vbd', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']])], 'bootloader': None, 'maxmem': 1024, 'shadow_memory': 0, 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'bootloader_args': None, 'vcpus': 1, 'cpu': None} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1784) XendDomainInfo.construct: None [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034420 KiB free; need 4096; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1953) XendDomainInfo.initDomain: 10 256.0 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1994) _initDomain:shadow_memory=0x0, maxmem=0x400, memory=0x400. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034412 KiB free; need 1048576; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] INFO (image:139) buildDomain os=linux dom=10 vcpus=1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:208) domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:209) memsize = 1024 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:210) image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:211) store_evtchn = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:212) console_evtchn = 2 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:213) cmdline = ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:214) ramdisk = /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:215) vcpus = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:216) features = ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_build_image: called xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b7000 (pfn 0x200 + 0x6b7 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x200+0x6b7 at 0x2aaaab5f6000 elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x2aaaab5f6000 -> 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae8888 elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x2aaaabae9000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae9908 elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x2aaaabaea000 -> 0x0x2aaaabb9a004 xc_dom_alloc_segment: ramdisk : 0xffffffff808b7000 -> 0xffffffff82382000 (pfn 0x8b7 + 0x1acb pages) xc_dom_malloc : 160 kB xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x8b7+0x1acb at 0x2aaab0000000 xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x8cb5e7 -> 0x1aca210 xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff82382000 -> 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2382 + 0x200 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2382+0x200 at 0x2aaab1acb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2582) xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff82583000 (pfn 0x2583) xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff82584000 (pfn 0x2584) nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff82585000 -> 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x2585 + 0x17 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2585+0x17 at 0x2aaab1ccb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x259c) xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff8259d000 xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 xc_dom_boot_image: called arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x40000 clear_page: pfn 0x2584, mfn 0x11d788 clear_page: pfn 0x2583, mfn 0x11d789 xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2582+0x1 at 0x2aaab1ce2000 start_info_x86_64: called setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff80209000 pfn=0x209 domain builder memory footprint allocated malloc : 12139 kB anon mmap : 0 bytes mapped file mmap : 11289 kB domU mmap : 35 MB arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xd6fe1 shared_info_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x2585 mfn 0x11d787 launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x97b21f8 xc_dom_release: called ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'handle': '0', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0'} to /local/domain/10/device/vif/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'handle': '0', 'script': '/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge', 'state': '1', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vif/0', 'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:634) Checking for duplicate for uname: /local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img [file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img], dev: sda1:disk, mode: w [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1:disk: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1:disk' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'virtual-device': '2049', 'device-type': 'disk', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049'} to /local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049', 'format': 'raw', 'dev': 'sda1', 'state': '1', 'params': '/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img', 'mode': 'w', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10', 'type': 'file'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:993) Storing VM details: {'shadow_memory': '0', 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'start_time': '1299011642.74', 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'xend/restart_count': '0', 'vcpus': '1', 'vcpu_avail': '1', 'memory': '1024', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'image': "(linux (kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server) (ramdisk /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server) (ip :1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp) (root '/dev/sda1 ro') (args 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'))", 'maxmem': '1024'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1028) Storing domain details: {'console/ring-ref': '1169288', 'console/port': '2', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'console/limit': '1048576', 'vm': '/vm/d5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'domid': '10', 'cpu/0/availability': 'online', 'memory/target': '1048576', 'store/ring-ref': '1169289', 'store/port': '1'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vif. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1250) XendDomainInfo.handleShutdownWatch [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices usb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices irq. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vkbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vfb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices pci. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices ioports. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices tap. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vtpm. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] ERROR (XendDomainInfo:2654) VM appscale-1.4b restarting too fast (2.275545 seconds since the last restart). Refusing to restart to avoid loops. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2189) XendDomainInfo.destroy: domid=10 ==> xen-hotplug.log <== Nothing to flush. ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... And this is the xen.conf file that I am using; # cat xen.conf # Configuration file for the Xen instance AppScale, created # bn VMBuilder kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server' memory = 1024 vcpus = 1 root = '/dev/sda1 ro' disk = [ 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img,sda1,w', ] name = 'appscale-1.4b' dhcp = 'dhcp' vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3B:72:10:E4' ] on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' extra = 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'

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• Defragment the Windows registry?

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• Useful Command-line Commands on Windows

  - by Sung Meister

  The aim for this Wiki is to promote using a command to open up commonly used applications without having to go through many mouse clicks - thus saving time on monitoring and troubleshooting Windows machines. Answer entries need to specify Application name Commands Screenshot (Optional) Shortcut to commands && - Command Chaining %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\rcimlby.exe -LaunchRA - Remote Assistance (Windows XP) appwiz.cpl - Programs and Features (Formerly Known as "Add or Remove Programs") appwiz.cpl @,2 - Turn Windows Features On and Off (Add/Remove Windows Components pane) arp - Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP) at - Schedule tasks either locally or remotely without using Scheduled Tasks bootsect.exe - Updates the master boot code for hard disk partitions to switch between BOOTMGR and NTLDR cacls - Change Access Control List (ACL) permissions on a directory, its subcontents, or files calc - Calculator chkdsk - Check/Fix the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors cipher - Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions cleanmgr.exe - Disk Cleanup clip - Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard cls - clear the command line screen cmd /k - Run command with command extensions enabled color - Sets the default console foreground and background colors in console command.com - Default Operating System Shell compmgmt.msc - Computer Management control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter - Network and Sharing Center control keyboard - Keyboard Properties control mouse(or main.cpl) - Mouse Properties control sysdm.cpl,@0,3 - Advanced Tab of the System Properties dialog control userpasswords2 - Opens the classic User Accounts dialog desk.cpl - opens the display properties devmgmt.msc - Device Manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management diskpart - Disk management from the command line dsa.msc - Opens active directory users and computers dsquery - Finds any objects in the directory according to criteria dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Tool eventvwr - Windows Event Log (Event Viewer) explorer . - Open explorer with the current folder selected. explorer /e, . - Open explorer, with folder tree, with current folder selected. F7 - View command history find - Searches for a text string in a file or files findstr - Find a string in a file firewall.cpl - Opens the Windows Firewall settings fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folders fsutil - Perform tasks related to FAT and NTFS file systems ftp - Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service getmac - Shows the mac address(es) of your network adapter(s) gpedit.msc - Group Policy Editor gpresult - Displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a target user and computer httpcfg.exe - HTTP Configuration Utility iisreset - To restart IIS InetMgr.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 7 InetMgr6.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 6 intl.cpl - Regional and Language Options ipconfig - Internet protocol configuration lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups Administrator msconfig - System Configuration notepad - Notepad? ;) mmsys.cpl - Sound/Recording/Playback properties mode - Configure system devices more - Displays one screen of output at a time mrt - Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool mstsc.exe - Remote Desktop Connection nbstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT ncpa.cpl - Network Connections netsh - Display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running netstat - Network Statistics net statistics - Check computer up time net stop - Stops a running service. net use - Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections odbcad32.exe - ODBC Data Source Administrator pathping - A traceroute that collects detailed packet loss stats perfmon - Opens Reliability and Performance Monitor ping - Determine whether a remote computer is accessible over the network powercfg.cpl - Power management control panel applet quser - Display information about user sessions on a terminal server qwinsta - See disconnected remote desktop sessions reg.exe - Console Registry Tool for Windows regedit - Registry Editor rasdial - Connects to a VPN or a dialup network robocopy - Backup/Restore/Copy large amounts of files reliably rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (shows the combined effect of all group policies active on the current system/login) runas - Run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides sc - Manage anything you want to do with services. schtasks - Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. secpol.msc - Local Security Settings services.msc - Services control panel set - Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. set DIRCMD - Preset dir parameter in cmd.exe start - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command start. - opens the current directory in the Windows Explorer. shutdown.exe - Shutdown or Reboot a local/remote machine subst.exe - Associates a path with a drive letter, including local drives systeminfo -Displays a comprehensive information about the system taskkill - terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name tasklist.exe - List Processes on local or a remote machine taskmgr.exe - Task Manager telephon.cpl - Telephone and Modem properties timedate.cpl - Date and Time title - Change the title of the CMD window you have open tracert - Trace route wmic - Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line winver.exe - Find Windows Version wscui.cpl - Windows Security Center wuauclt.exe - Windows Update AutoUpdate Client

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• ubuntu 10.04; kvm bridged networking not working with public ip addresses

  - by senorsmile

  I have a dedicated hosted server box with ubuntu 10.04 64 bit installed. I would like to run kvm with ubuntu 8.04 installed for some php 5.2 compatible apps(they don't work right with php 5.3, the default in ubuntu 10.04). I installed KVM as instructed at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation . I installed the vm using virt-manager. I never could figure out how use virt-install or any of those automated installers. I just installed it using the disc. I set up bridged networking as per https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Networking . However, the bridged connection doesn't work. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the host, running ubuntu 10.04. (with specific public ip blanked) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp on bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 10 ` Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the guest, running ubuntu 8.04. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xy netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa The two vm's can communicate to each other. But, the guest vm can't access anyone in the real world. Here's my /etc/libvirt/qemu/store_804.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>store_804</name> <uuid>27acfb75-4f90-a34c-9a0b-70a6927ae84c</uuid> <memory>2097152</memory> <currentMemory>2097152</currentMemory> <vcpu>2</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.12'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/store_804.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:26:0b:c6'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/> <sound model='es1370'/> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> </video> </devices> </domain> Any idea where I've gone wrong?

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• RAID controller dropping the wrong drive

  - by bramp

  I've been having an issue with 3ware 9500S-8 RAID 10, and I have contracted their tech support, but I wanted to hear the serverfault community's recommendations. Firstly, all my data is backuped and secure, so I don't mind blowing my RAID away if I have to. But let me describe the problem I've been seeing. A month ago, disk 6 dropped out of the RAID. It is mirrored with disk 7, so I wasn't that bothered. I went to the data centre and replaced it. When I got back to the office, I noticed that disk 6 will still not in the RAID, and in fact the controller was show the name of the old drive still. A week later I went back and replace the drive again, thinking I might have swapped in a bad drive. Still the same problem. I decided to reboot the machine, to see if that would "force" the controller into seeing the new drive. It did, and a rebuild started to happen (from disk 7). Eventually both drives were showing as good. A week later, the MySQL database has flagged the database is corrupt, and is unable to repair it. I don't know what has gone wrong, but I suspected this 6-7 pair. At this point I noticed that the RAID had constantly been verifying itself, over and over. Regardless of this I began to rebuild the database, which took about 19 hours. It's a big database. Near the end of the repair, the RAID controller told me it had dropped disk 7, and that some data was most likely corrupted. I contacted LSI tech support, and they very promptly started to help me. I mentioned that drive 7 had been dropped. They suspect that drive 7 was always at fault, and drive 6 had always been good. I want to know how often a RAID controller would drop the wrong drive (in this case dropping drive 6 a month ago, instead of 7). I foolishly didn't run smartctl on the drives before I started swapping them out. I just assumed the RAID controller knew what it was talking about. I think my plan of action is to replace drive 7, rebuild the array from scratch, double check smartctl on ALL the disks, and then start restoring my data again. I would appreciate anyone's input on what the correct procedure for swapping drives is, and how often failures like this happen. If anyone would like more information then I'd be happy to provide it. thanks in advance. Oh some more information. I'm running CentOS 5.3, with two RAID arrays, a simple RAID 1 for the OS, and RAID 10 for the database. Both arrays are on different controllers. The RAID 10 is made of 10 identical ST3640323AS drives, until I swapped in a SAMSUNG HD103SJ last month.

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• What *exactly* gets screwed when I kill -9 or pull the power?

  - by Mike

  Set-Up I've been a programmer for quite some time now but I'm still a bit fuzzy on deep, internal stuff. Now. I am well aware that it's not a good idea to either: kill -9 a process (bad) spontaneously pull the power plug on a running computer or server (worse) However, sometimes you just plain have to. Sometimes a process just won't respond no matter what you do, and sometimes a computer just won't respond, no matter what you do. Let's assume a system running Apache 2, MySQL 5, PHP 5, and Python 2.6.5 through mod_wsgi. Note: I'm most interested about Mac OS X here, but an answer that pertains to any UNIX system would help me out. My Concern Each time I have to do either one of these, especially the second, I'm very worried for a period of time that something has been broken. Some file somewhere could be corrupt -- who knows which file? There are over 1,000,000 files on the computer. I'm often using OS X, so I'll run a "Verify Disk" operation through the Disk Utility. It will report no problems, but I'm still concerned about this. What if some configuration file somewhere got screwed up. Or even worse, what if a binary file somewhere is corrupt. Or a script file somewhere is corrupt now. What if some hardware is damaged? What if I don't find out about it until next month, in a critical scenario, when the corruption or damage causes a catastrophe? Or, what if valuable data is already lost? My Hope My hope is that these concerns and worries are unfounded. After all, after doing this many times before, nothing truly bad has happened yet. The worst is I've had to repair some MySQL tables, but I don't seem to have lost any data. But, if my worries are not unfounded, and real damage could happen in either situation 1 or 2, then my hope is that there is a way to detect it and prevent against it. My Question(s) Could this be because modern operating systems are designed to ensure that nothing is lost in these scenarios? Could this be because modern software is designed to ensure that nothing lost? What about modern hardware design? What measures are in place when you pull the power plug? My question is, for both of these scenarios, what exactly can go wrong, and what steps should be taken to fix it? I'm under the impression that one thing that can go wrong is some programs might not have flushed their data to the disk, so any highly recent data that was supposed to be written to the disk (say, a few seconds before the power pull) might be lost. But what about beyond that? And can this very issue of 5-second data loss screw up a system? What about corruption of random files hiding somewhere in the huge forest of files on my hard drives? What about hardware damage? What Would Help Me Most Detailed descriptions about what goes on internally when you either kill -9 a process or pull the power on the whole system. (it seems instant, but can someone slow it down for me?) Explanations of all things that could go wrong in these scenarios, along with (rough of course) probabilities (i.e., this is very unlikely, but this is likely)... Descriptions of measures in place in modern hardware, operating systems, and software, to prevent damage or corruption when these scenarios occur. (to comfort me) Instructions for what to do after a kill -9 or a power pull, beyond "verifying the disk", in order to truly make sure nothing is corrupt or damaged somewhere on the drive. Measures that can be taken to fortify a computer setup so that if something has to be killed or the power has to be pulled, any potential damage is mitigated. Thanks so much!

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• Installer Reboots at "Detecting hardware" (disks and other hardware) on all recent Server Installs

  - by Ryan Rosario

  I have a very frustrating problem with my PC. I cannot install any recent version of Ubuntu Server (or even Desktop) since 9.04 even using the text-based installer. I boot from a USB stick created by Unetbootin (I also tried other methods such as startup disk creator with no difference). On the Server installer, it gets to "Detecting Hardware" (the second one about disks and all other hardware, not network hardware) and then either hangs at 0% (waited 24 hours), or reboots after a minute or two. My system (late 2007): ASUS P5NSLI motherboard Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 2.4Ghz 2 x 1GB Corsair 667MHz RAM nVidia GeForce 6600 I have unplugged everything (including the only hard disk, CD-ROMs and floppy). I have only one stick of RAM (tried each one to no avail) and am booting the installer from a USB stick (booting from CD-ROM yields the same problem). I also tried several of the boot options (nomodeset, nousb, acpi=off, noapic, i915.modeset=1/0, xforcevesa) in all combinations) to no avail. The only active parts of my system are the video card, mouse, keyboard and USB stick. I have also updated the BIOS to the most recent version. (FWIW, on the Desktop installer, I get a black screen after hitting the Install option.) Even after removing "quiet" I am unable to see what kernel panic is occurring (or not occurring) to cause the install to crash. I am only able to save the debug logs via a simple webserver in the installer. After the last line (I repeatedly refreshed), the server stops responding and the installer hangs or reboots: Jan 2 01:04:03 main-menu[302]: INFO: Menu item 'disk-detect' selected Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154372] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: version 3.5 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154409] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: Using SWNCQ mode Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.154531] sata_nv 0000:00:0e.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.164442] scsi0 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167610] scsi1 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167762] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x9f0 ctl 0xbf0 bmdma 0xd400 irq 10 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167774] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x970 ctl 0xb70 bmdma 0xd408 irq 10 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.167948] sata_nv 0000:00:0f.0: Using SWNCQ mode Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.168071] sata_nv 0000:00:0f.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.171931] scsi2 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173793] scsi3 : sata_nv Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173943] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x9e0 ctl 0xbe0 bmdma 0xe800 irq 11 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.173954] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x960 ctl 0xb60 bmdma 0xe808 irq 11 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.174061] pata_amd 0000:00:0d.0: version 0.4.1 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.174160] pata_amd 0000:00:0d.0: setting latency timer to 64 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.177045] scsi4 : pata_amd Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178628] scsi5 : pata_amd Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178801] ata5: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x1f0 ctl 0x3f6 bmdma 0xf000 irq 14 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.178811] ata6: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x170 ctl 0x376 bmdma 0xf008 irq 15 Jan 2 01:04:04 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface eth0 Jan 2 01:04:04 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface lo Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.485062] ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.633094] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.641647] ata1.00: ATA-8: ST31000528AS, CC38, max UDMA/133 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.641658] ata1.00: 1953525168 sectors, multi 1: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.657614] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.657969] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST31000528AS CC38 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658482] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658588] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658812] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658823] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.658918] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.675630] sda: sda1 sda2 Jan 2 01:04:04 kernel: [ 309.676440] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk Jan 2 01:04:05 kernel: [ 309.969102] ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Jan 2 01:04:05 kernel: [ 310.281137] ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) Anybody have any additional ideas I could try? I am getting ready to just toss the motherboard.

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• Converting an Oracle VM VirtualBox VM into an Oracle VM Server image

  - by wim.coekaerts

  As we are working on tighter seemless moving of VM's between the 2 products, here are a few simple steps to convert an existing Oracle VM VirtualBox image over. Steps involved to make it easy/straightforward : (1) When creating a VM in Virtualbox, using Oracle Linux as an example, make sure that /etc/fstab only uses labels. Do not use hardcoded device names. instead of an entry /dev/sda1 /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 use LABEL=foo /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 for more info on labels : man e2label or use a logical volume /dev/VolGroup00/LVfoo /u01 ext3 defaults 1 1 Doing so will make it easier to have an OS boot up on a different hypervisor with potentially different device names. For instance, the VirtualBox VM might expose a scsi driver while in Oracle VM Server you might end up with an ide disk, this then changes /dev/sda to /dev/hda. (2) If you have a VM created that you want to convert, then shut down the VM in VirtualBox and convert the image files : go the the directory that contains your HardDisk image files (.VirtualBox/HardDisks/* as an example) for each of the virtual disks run the following command : VBoxManage clonehd virtualdiskfilename.vdi system.img --format raw where virtualdiskfilename.vdi is the original VBox VM file (this can also be a vmdk file) and system.img is the name of the virtualdisk for Oracle VM. this can be any filename as well, I typically use system.img to specify the boot disk (as is common for Oracle VM template creation) (3) create a vm.cfg To run a VM converted from VirtualBox, you have to create a vm.cfg for Oracle VM server that creates an HVM guest. The easiest is to use a simple hvm vm.cfg and change it for your vm. I have an example here : acpi = 1 apic = 1 builder = 'hvm' device_model = '/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm' disk = ['file:system.img,hda,w', 'file:oracle.img,hdb,w',',hdc:cdrom,r',] kernel = '/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader' memory = '1024' name = 'vmname' on_crash = 'restart' on_reboot = 'restart' pae = 1 serial = 'pty' timer_mode = '0' usbdevice = 'tablet' vcpus = 1 vif = ['bridge=xenbr0,type=ioemu'] vif_other_config = [] vnc = 1 vncconsole = 1 vnclisten = '0.0.0.0' vncpasswd = '' vncunused = 1 If you take the above vm.cfg, all you need to do - modify disk = (add your virtual disks in there) - modify memory = (amount of memory your VM needs) - modify name = (enter a name for your VM here) - modify vif = (might want to replace bridge=xenbr0 to the bridge you want to use) if you want more than 1 vcpu or other changes of course you have to make those as well. (4) copy this set of files onto your Oracle VM server or onto a webserver in a subdirectory and import the template through Oracle VM Manager. You can also just start the vm using xm create vm.cfg if you like. And that's it. As I said, we are working on automation around all this but it is relatively trivial to convert VM's over as long as you take the basic issues into account. Primarily the set up of the filesystems and the use of labels in /etc/fstab. There are other potential things to look at, such as network config. If you want to make that part clean then prior to shutting down the VM change /etc/modprobe.conf and/or add the mac address of the VM into the vm.cfg in the vifs line. The good thing, at least with Linux, is that even tho the virtual hardware changes, Linux will deal with it just fine (e1000 vs 8139 realtek, ide vs scsi etc). hope this helps.

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