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  • Enable VRFY verb in Exchange 2007

    - by m0sa
    Is there a way to enable the VRFY command on the Exchange server. I know this command is a security risk, but the server sits behind a firewall, and is not accessible from the internet. I would just use it as a in-box. The mail traffic would be forwarded from my home coded SMTP server, which would check for the existence of the exchange mailbox with the VRFY command. I only found this on the internet, but this is only for legacy versions of Exhange.

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  • ISA Server 2006 "Global denied packets rate limit"

    - by lofi42
    Does someone know how to change the "Global denied packets rate limit" on a ISA Server 2006 (SP1) on Windows 2003? We have a strange software which does mutiple sql querys and reaches this limit and the ISA server blocks the traffic. The Floodprotection Option is already disabled on the ISA. SQLDB <= ISA <= SQL-Client

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  • Problem connecting a 3Com 2952-Plus switch to a Cisco 3750 switch

    - by Noel
    Connected a 3Com 2952-SFP Plus switch to a Cisco 3750 switch via fibre. There is a light on the 3Com end, but nothing at the Cisco end, and no traffic will flow. Have swapped SFP's, have swapped fibre cables, have used a different port on the Cisco, have even swapped the 3Com switch, but still no joy. When I connect a 3Com 2948 switch over fibre that works OK. Any ideas?

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  • Creating a dynamic lacp trunk from HP Procurve 2412zl to Proliant DL380 G7

    - by Maalobs
    I'm configuring an IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) dynamic trunk from a HP Procurve 2412zl (firmware version K.15.07) switch to a HP Proliant DL380 G7 server. The DL380 has 4 NICs and is running Win2008 R2, so I'm teaming the NICs together and leaving everything on the recommended "automatic" setting in the HP NIC configuration tool. The server is one of two, they'll be connected on interfaces F17-F20 and F21-F24 respectively on the switch. I need the servers in a separate VLAN, here is the configuration for the VLAN: vlan 10 name "Lab_Mgmt" untagged B2,F17-F24 ip address 172.22.71.3 255.255.255.0 tagged B21 exit There is a DHCP-relay into the VLAN 10 from another device beyond interface B21. The Advanced Traffic Management Guide says that in order to run a dynamic LACP trunk on another VLAN besides the DEFAULT_VLAN, you need to first enable GVRP and then use "forbid" to stop the interfaces from automatically joining DEFAULT_VLAN when the dynamic trunk is created. GVRP brings some other stuff with it that I don't want or need, so I disable it with "unknown-vlans disable" on all other interfaces. Here is how I do it: procurve-5412zl-1(config)# gvrp procurve-5412zl-1(config)# interface A1-A24,B1-B24,C1-C24,D1-D10,D13-D24,E1-E24, F1-F16,K1,K2 unknown-vlans disable procurve-5412zl-1(config)# vlan 1 forbid F17-F24 procurve-5412zl-1(config)# interface F17-F20 lacp active The result afterwards looks all successful: procurve-5412zl-1(config)# show trunks Load Balancing Method: L3-based (Default), L2-based if non-IP traffic Port | Name Type | Group Type ---- + -------------------------------- --------- + ------ -------- F17 | XYZTEAM3_NIC1 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F18 | XYZTEAM3_NIC2 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F19 | XYZTEAM3_NIC3 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP F20 | XYZTEAM3_NIC4 100/1000T | Dyn2 LACP procurve-5412zl-1(config)# vlan 10 procurve-5412zl-1(vlan-10)# show lacp LACP LACP Trunk Port LACP Admin Oper Port Enabled Group Status Partner Status Key Key ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ F17 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F18 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F19 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 F20 Active Dyn2 Up Yes Success 0 0 On the Proliant server, the NIC configuration Tool is also indicating that a 802.3ad dynamic trunk has been established. Everything should be good, but it isn't. The server is not getting an IP-address from the DHCP, which it does if I'm not enabling LACP. If I configure the server to a static IP-address on the VLAN 10 subnet, it can't even ping the switch IP-address, much less anything outside of the VLAN. The switch can't ping the server either. I did another attempt with F17-F20 tagged, and checking the box "Default Native Tag (VLAN 10)" in the NIC configuration tool on the server, but there was no difference. Does anyone have any idea what I might have missed?

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  • Running Untangle on Virtualbox as a Transparent Bridge

    - by user38697
    I am setting up Untangle in a Sun VirtualBox VM. I plan on using this machine as a transparent bridge to filter and monitor traffic on my network. I'm not sure how to configure the network adapters for the virtual machine under the Virtualbox's "Devices" menu so that it will function as a transparent bridge. I guess what I'm asking is, should both adapter 1 & 2 be set as Bridged adapters or what? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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  • My current iptable configuration doesn't work [on hold]

    - by Brad
    sudo chkconfig iptables off /etc/init.d/iptables on ### Clear/flush iptables sudo iptables -F sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT ### Allow SSH iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT ### Allow YUM updates sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 --match owner --uid-owner 0 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 --match owner --uid-owner 0 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT ### Add your rules form the link above, here # ftp,smtp,imap,http,https,pop3,imaps,pop3s sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 21,25,143,80,443,110,993,995 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m multiport --sports 21,25,143,80,110,443,993,995 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT ## allow dns sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -o eth0 --dport 53 -j ACCEPT && sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i eth0 --sport 53 -j ACCEPT # handling pings sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT && sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT && sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # manage ddos attacks sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m limit --limit 25/minute --limit-burst 100 -j ACCEPT ## Implement some logging so that we know what's getting dropped sudo iptables -N LOGGING sudo iptables -A INPUT -j LOGGING sudo iptables -A LOGGING -m limit --limit 2/min -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTables Packet Dropped: " --log-level 7 sudo iptables -A LOGGING -j DROP # once a rule affects traffic then it is no longer managed # so if the traffic has not been accepted, block it sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP sudo iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -j DROP # allow only internal port forwarding sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP # create an iptables config file sudo iptables-save > /root/dsl.fw ### Append the following to the rc.local file sudo nano /etc/rc.local ####--- /sbin/iptables-restore < sudo /root/dsl.fw ####--- /etc/init.d/iptables save ## check to see if this setting is working great. sudo service iptables restart ## log out/in testing sudo chkconfig iptables on What is the problem with this setup? If I restart the server it doesn't allow me back in SSH, and there may be a problem with Yum Original source of information: https://gist.github.com/Jonathonbyrd/1274837#file-instructions

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  • Setting up a transparent SSL proxy

    - by badunk
    I've got a linux box set up with 2 network cards to inspect traffic going through port 80. One card is used to go out to the internet, the other one is hooked up to a networking switch. The point is to be able to inspect all HTTP and HTTPS traffic on devices hooked up to that switch for debugging purposes. I've written the following rules for iptables: nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1337 -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On 192.168.2.1:1337, I've got a transparent http proxy using Charles (http://www.charlesproxy.com/) for recording. Everything's fine for port 80, but when I add similar rules for port 443 (SSL) pointing to port 1337, I get an error about invalid message through Charles. I've used SSL proxying on the same computer before with Charles (http://www.charlesproxy.com/documentation/proxying/ssl-proxying/), but have been unsuccessful with doing it transparently for some reason. Some resources I've googled say its not possible - I'm willing to accept that as an answer if someone can explain why. As a note, I have full access to the described set up including all the clients hooked up to the subnet - so I can accept self-signed certs by Charles. The solution doesn't have to be Charles-specific since in theory, any transparent proxy will do. Thanks! Edit: After playing with it a little, I was able to get it working for a specific host. When I modify my iptables to the following (and open 1338 in charles for reverse proxy): nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1338 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1338 -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE I am able to get a response, but with no destination host. In the reverse proxy, if I just specify that everything from 1338 goes to a specific host that I wanted to hit, it performs the hand shake properly and I can turn on SSL proxying to inspect the communication. The setup is less than ideal because I don't want to assume everything from 1338 goes to that host - any idea why the destination host is being stripped? Thanks again

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  • How to allow local LAN access while connected to Cisco VPN?

    - by Ian Boyd
    How can I maintain local LAN access while connected to Cisco VPN? When connecting using Cisco VPN, the server has to ability to instruct the client to prevent local LAN access. Assuming this server-side option cannot be turned off, how can allow local LAN access while connected with a Cisco VPN client? I used to think it was simply a matter of routes being added that capture LAN traffic with a higher metric, for example: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.3 20 <--Local LAN 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.199.1 192.168.199.12 1 <--VPN Link And trying to delete the 10.0.x.x -> 192.168.199.12 route don't have any effect: >route delete 10.0.0.0 >route delete 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 >route delete 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 192.168.199.1 >route delete 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 192.168.199.1 if 192.168.199.12 >route delete 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 192.168.199.1 if 0x3 And while it still might simply be a routing issue, attempts to add or delete routes fail. At what level is Cisco VPN client driver doing what in the networking stack that takes overrides a local administrator's ability to administer their machine? The Cisco VPN client cannot be employing magic. It's still software running on my computer. What mechanism is it using to interfere with my machine's network? What happens when an IP/ICMP packet arrives on the network? Where in the networking stack is the packet getting eaten? See also No internet connection with Cisco VPN Cisco VPN Client interrupts connectivity to my LDAP server Cisco VPN stops Windows 7 Browsing How can I prohibit the creation of a route in Windows XP upon connection to Cisco VPN? Rerouting local LAN and Internet traffic when in VPN VPN Client "Allow local LAN Access" Allow Local LAN Access for VPN Clients on the VPN 3000 Concentrator Configuration Example LAN access gone when I connect to VPN Windows XP Documentation: Route Edit: Things I've not yet tried: >route delete 10.0.* Update: Since Cisco has abandoned their old client, in favor of AnyConnect (HTTP SSL based VPN), this question, unsolved, can be left as a relic of history. Going forward, we can try to solve the same problem with their new client.

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  • Setting reply priority on Wifi network with QoS?

    - by Omega
    When using a Station and Access Point that support QoS over Wifi, is it possible to set the priority (= Traffic Identifier = TID = QoS channel) of the reply? For example when sending a ICMP ping request using a high priority (= QoS channel), is it possible to force the station to use that same priority (= QoS channel) when sending the reply? A related question: Is it possible to force the station into using a different QoS channel?

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  • Setting reply priority on Wifi network with QoS?

    - by Omega
    When using a Station and Access Point that support QoS over Wifi, is it possible to set the priority (= Traffic Identifier = TID = QoS channel) of the reply? For example when sending a ICMP ping request using a high priority (= QoS channel), is it possible to force the station to use that same priority (= QoS channel) when sending the reply? A related question: Is it possible to force the station into using a different QoS channel?

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  • Configuring VLAN's on two HP procurve switches

    - by pan
    Trying to route a new ISP (Microwave link) from one of my out buildings to my computer room and hence my firewall. Old ISP came direct into firewall. In the outbuilding the Microwave modem connects with cat5 to HP Procurve 2524 switch. Because this ISP is coming through my internal network, I plan on using a new vlan called "airspeed" only for this ISP traffic. Up until now I've just been using the Default_vlan on both HP switches (4108 + 2524). So far I've been unable to ping from my laptop to the ISP modem both of which are on the new vlan 2 ("Airspeed"). No traffic needs to cross from vlan 2 to vlan 1 so I've left the ports as untagged. I've used the subnet provide from my ISP as the new vlan 2 subnet. Can anybody see what I'm doing wrong here? I've added the configuration of both switch below. Rough diagram: Microwave modem (Gateway IP 77.75.00.49) | HP 2524 switch (port 24) | HP 2524 switch fibre link | HP 4108GL switch fibre link | HP 4108GL switch (port D1) | Laptop configured with IP 77.75.00.50 (for testing but will be connected to firewall) And my 4108GL config: ; J4865A Configuration Editor; Created on release #G.07.21 hostname "HP ProCurve Switch 4108GL" cdp run module 1 type J4864A module 2 type J4862B module 3 type J4862B module 4 type J4862B ip default-gateway 128.1.146.50 snmp-server community "public" Unrestricted snmp-server host 128.1.146.51 "public" Not-INFO snmp-server host 128.1.146.38 "public" vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged A1-A3,B1-B24,C1-C24,D2-D24 ip address 128.1.146.203 255.255.0.0 no untagged D1 exit vlan 2 name "Airspeed" untagged D1 ip address 77.75.00.51 255.255.255.248 exit Finally my 2524 config: ; J4813A Configuration Editor; Created on release #F.04.08 hostname "HP ProCurve Switch 2524" cdp run ip default-gateway 0.0.0.0 snmp-server community "public" Unrestricted snmp-server host 128.1.146.51 "public" Not-INFO snmp-server host 128.1.146.51 "public" snmp-server host 128.1.146.38 "public" vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-23,25-26 no untagged 24 ip address 128.1.146.204 255.255.0.0 exit vlan 2 name "Airspeed" untagged 24 ip address 77.75.00.51 255.255.255.248 exit no aaa port-access authenticator active

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  • Nginx php-fpm high cpu usage

    - by Piotr Kaluza
    I have a problem with a high traffic wordpress, super high CPU load under nginx php-fpm, I am caching with apc, and memcached, spent 2-3 days tweaking configs and looking for answers it seems to me that php-fpm takes up all the cpu available no matter how many max_children i set if i set 5 then the load is 20% each, if i set 20 then the load adds up till 90% i tried static and dynamic server is 2x3.0Ghz 6GB Ram SSD in raid 10 on ubuntu 12.04 x64 utpime: 17:27:51 up 2:19, 1 user, load average: 29.79, 28.08, 26.29 what can be the issue?

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  • Blocking all RIPE Addresses in Server 2008?

    - by Brett Powell
    Our datacenter has recommended we block all RIPE IP Addresses on one of our machines. It is constantly being DDoS Attacked everytime the null routes are lifted, so I am not sure how this would help, but am more than willing to try anything now. I couldn't find much information on it from a Google search, but how can we block all RIPE IP Ranges? Preferably I wouldn't even mind blocking all Ranges that were not US Based since that is the only target we traffic, but this is probably too difficult.

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  • Calculating and billing IP multicast usage on the Internet

    - by obvio171
    I've been searching for the reasons why IP multicast isn't widely supported on the Public Internet, and a commonly-cited reason is the difficulty ISPs have in tracking Multicast usage for later billing. Given this difficulty, since ISPs control the routers and they're not forced to support Multicast (as per IPv4), they just disable it. I couldn't find what this difficulty was though. Since an ISP has full control of any inbound and outbound traffic, be it Unicast or Multicast, what's the difficulty in tracking and billing the latter that does not exist in the former?

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  • tproxy squid bridge very slow when cache is full

    - by Roberto
    I have installed a bridge tproxy proxy in a fast server with 8GB ram. The traffic is around 60Mb/s. When I start for first time the proxy (with the cache empty) the proxy works very well but when the cache becomes full (few hours later) the bridge goes very slow, the traffic goes below 10Mb/s and the proxy server becomes unusable. Any hints of what may be happening? I'm using: linux-2.6.30.10 iptables-1.4.3.2 squid-3.1.1 compiled with these options: ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --datadir=/usr/share --localstatedir=/var/lib --sysconfdir=/etc/squid --libexecdir=/usr/libexec/squid --localstatedir=/var --datadir=/usr/share/squid --enable-removal-policies=lru,heap --enable-icmp --disable-ident-lookups --enable-cache-digests --enable-delay-pools --enable-arp-acl --with-pthreads --with-large-files --enable-htcp --enable-carp --enable-follow-x-forwarded-for --enable-snmp --enable-ssl --enable-async-io=32 --enable-linux-netfilter --enable-epoll --disable-poll --with-maxfd=16384 --enable-err-languages=Spanish --enable-default-err-language=Spanish My squid.conf: cache_mem 100 MB memory_pools off acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 acl localhost src ::1/128 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 acl to_localhost dst ::1/128 acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl net-g1 src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24 acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow net-g1 from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost http_access deny all http_port 3128 http_port 3129 tproxy hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 8000 16 256 access_log none cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log coredump_dir /var/spool/squid refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . I have this issue when the cache is full, but do not really know if it is because of that. Thanks in advance and sorry my english. roberto

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  • Setup VPN access on a windows dedicated server for browsing

    - by Pasta
    I have a dedicated windows server. I want to create a VPN to encrypt my traffic (browsing, IM, etc) as I browse on my laptop using public wifi networks. What keywords should I be using to search Google? Are there any resources that help me do this? Most of the solutions are just to encrypt communication between the server to a machine. It does not act like an internet gateway, etc.

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  • Usefulness of packets in wireshark? SSDP protocol, rather than HTTP?

    - by Chris
    I used to be able to filter my wireshark packets to get useful information from them. However, with my current configuration on OSX, all of the HTTP traffic is coming through as the SSDP protocol and is generally being unhelpful. Why is this? Actually, it seems that packets on my own system that should be HTTP are coming throuhg as HTTP, but packets from other machines that should be HTTP are coming through as this protocol.

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  • How can I filter packets from a port monitor?

    - by engineerchuan
    I have some data going from Point A to Point B. I have a SPAN monitor set up to a monitoring device C. To recreate some real world scenarios, I want to filter out all traffic which is a certain type (H.323 VoIP Signaling Packets) so that C sees a subset of the information that is flowing from A to B. What would the easiest way to do this be? I assume I would need a computer with 2 NIC cards and some software to examine each packet and chuck out the H.323 VoIP packets? Thanks!

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  • Some DHCP clients end up with wrong DNS server

    - by Nic Waller
    The scenario: DC running Windows Server 2008 R2 providing DNS + DHCP Cisco 1811 Router as the gateway 30 Windows XP DHCP clients on the LAN The problem: Some workstations are spontaneously switching to an incorrect DNS server. Specifically, ipconfig /all shows that they start using the gateway as a DNS server. This happens about 5-10 times a day to various computers, sometimes more than once per day. The workaround: Repairing the connection on the XP client always fixes the problem, and the correct DNS server address is obtained. We lost our main DNS/DHCP machine a week ago, and had to bring this one online as a spare. We've been having this issue since then. DHCP leases on the old and new servers are configured for "wired" (8 day) duration. There are definitely no other DHCP servers active on the LAN. So far there is no discernible pattern about which clients will show this problem, or when. When I ran DCDIAG /test:DNS it came back clean. Manual inspection of the DNS zone shows that all the records are appearing as expected, with no traces of the previous machine in there. Update Feb 27: Added screenshots. Here is a screenshot of the DHCP scope options on the 2008 R2 server. And here is a screenshot of ipconfig /all running on a healthy host. I don't have any ailing hosts at the moment, but will grab a screencap next time it happens. Update Feb 28: More screenshots. Here's a screenshot of DHCP and DNS traffic from a healthy client when repairing the local area connection. There's definitely only one server responding, but it does seem strange that the negotiation takes place twice. I'll try to get a similar capture from a sick machine this coming week. Update Mar 01: Caught a bad ipconfig. Here's a screenshot of ipconfig /all from a client that had this issue. It says the lease was issued this morning, but it doesn't even have an entry for the secondary DNS I set up yesterday. Both DNS servers were discovered properly when repairing the connection. Update Mar 01: It even got the sysadmin! This issue finally affected my personal workstation this morning. Unfortunately I had just rebooted and wasn't running a packet dump at the time. I set up a secondary server yesterday, and was logging all DNS traffic to it. My machine had not contacted the secondary DNS in over half an hour, so that says to me that it's just spontaneously reverting to the gateway without even failing over to secondary DNS first. Today I swapped the order of the DNS servers in DHCP, so the secondary is primary and vice versa. I will update again once I know how that goes.

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  • Server suffering serious speed drop

    - by Tar
    As you can see from the picture http://i.imgur.com/UpDZh.png), my server is suffering a serious drop in speed. This is intermittent and has been happening for the past 3 or 4 hours. The server has 1gbps uplink so I can't figure out why it's happening. Checking bandwidth monitoring tools like bwm-ng and dstat show normal speeds of like 150kb/s outbound traffic. Just now I was completely disconnected from SSH.

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  • How do I protect a low budget network from rogue DHCP servers?

    - by Kenned
    I am helping a friend manage a shared internet connection in an apartment buildling with 80 apartments - 8 stairways with 10 apartments in each. The network is laid out with the internet router at one end of the building, connected to a cheap non-managed 16 port switch in the first stairway where the first 10 apartments are also connected. One port is connected to another 16 port cheapo switch in the next stairway, where those 10 apartments are connected, and so forth. Sort of a daisy chain of switches, with 10 apartments as spokes on each "daisy". The building is a U-shape, approximately 50 x 50 meters, 20 meters high - so from the router to the farthest apartment it’s probably around 200 meters including up-and-down stairways. We have a fair bit of problems with people hooking up wifi-routers the wrong way, creating rogue DHCP servers which interrupt large groups of the users and we wish to solve this problem by making the network smarter (instead of doing a physical unplugging binary search). With my limited networking skills, I see two ways - DHCP-snooping or splitting the entire network into separate VLANS for each apartment. Separate VLANS gives each apartment their own private connection to the router, while DHCP snooping will still allow LAN gaming and file sharing. Will DHCP snooping work with this kind of network topology, or does that rely on the network being in a proper hub-and-spoke-configuration? I am not sure if there are different levels of DHCP snooping - say like expensive Cisco switches will do anything, but inexpensive ones like TP-Link, D-Link or Netgear will only do it in certain topologies? And will basic VLAN support be good enough for this topology? I guess even cheap managed switches can tag traffic from each port with it’s own VLAN tag, but when the next switch in the daisy chain receives the packet on it’s “downlink” port, wouldn’t it strip or replace the VLAN tag with it’s own trunk-tag (or whatever the name is for the backbone traffic). Money is tight, and I don’t think we can afford professional grade Cisco (I have been campaigning for this for years), so I’d love some advice on which solution has the best support on low-end network equipment and if there are some specific models that are recommended? For instance low-end HP switches or even budget brands like TP-Link, D-Link etc. If I have overlooked another way to solve this problem it is due to my lack of knowledge. :)

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  • Is there a method to instantly, dynamically switch between several sets of name servers on a single domain with code?

    - by trnsfrmr
    I usually set name servers at an ISP, they often take 24 - 48 hours to resolve. If one has 2 separate sets of name servers (say from 2 domain parking companies) they want to send traffic to, is it possible to switch between the sets instantly without any delays? To be clear, how do you switch mydomain.com (ns1.nameserver1.com, ns2.nameserver1.com) to mydomain.com (ns1.nameserver2.com, ns2.nameserver2.com) instantly?

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  • Server load spikes several times a day, load average for the past month is 5 times the load average all year

    - by AMF
    My Munin notifications set up for our (Debian) LAMP cluster have been notifying me continuously that our load on our production machine has been at dangerous levels. While the average load all year typically runs between 2 and 8, the load in the past month and only the past month -- has been skyrocketing to 10, 18, and occasionally even 50-60. The spikes last only 5-10 minutes at a time and occur about every 2-3 hours. The spikes do not effect performance only because I have a script that sends traffic off our server to a mirror CDN when the load goes above 10. I've looked for cron jobs that correlate with this timeframe but there is nothing I can see that would cause this. Site traffic is also normal (we receive about 200K visits per day). I'm also trying to think of anything I've changed around the time this problem began, and I really cannot think of anything. This is probably not much to go on. Maybe there is a clue in the top print-out (below) that I'm not seeing. How do I proceed to find the cause? -- Typical top when the load is NOT spiking: top - 11:13:09 up 472 days, 25 min, 1 user, load average: 6.08, 4.29, 3.80 Tasks: 105 total, 1 running, 104 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.2%us, 5.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 49.5%id, 2.7%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3369592k total, 2166980k used, 1202612k free, 559504k buffers Swap: 2650684k total, 1892k used, 2648792k free, 1129116k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 32046 apache 15 0 36300 12m 9828 S 20 0.4 0:01.97 apache2 32679 apache 15 0 36568 13m 10m S 19 0.4 0:01.69 apache2 31441 apache 15 0 36616 13m 10m S 19 0.4 0:04.13 apache2 31477 apache 15 0 36596 13m 9.8m S 15 0.4 0:01.99 apache2 31993 apache 15 0 36876 16m 12m S 12 0.5 0:02.01 apache2 31782 apache 15 0 36836 14m 10m S 8 0.4 0:02.17 apache2 32198 apache 15 0 36536 13m 10m S 7 0.4 0:01.59 apache2 880 apache 15 0 36508 9708 6236 S 7 0.3 0:00.42 apache2 31945 apache 17 0 36876 16m 13m S 5 0.5 0:03.17 apache2 32197 apache 16 0 36636 10m 7504 S 5 0.3 0:02.70 apache2 32326 apache 15 0 37024 11m 7632 S 5 0.3 0:02.15 apache2 32565 apache 15 0 37280 13m 9.8m S 5 0.4 0:03.75 apache2 32676 apache 15 0 36896 16m 12m S 4 0.5 0:00.95 apache2 32678 apache 15 0 36536 12m 9692 S 4 0.4 0:02.27 apache2 974 apache 16 0 37064 9888 6016 D 4 0.3 0:00.13 apache2 32150 apache 16 0 36832 13m 10m S 3 0.4 0:01.74 apache2 31780 apache 16 0 36848 11m 7660 S 3 0.3 0:02.87 apache2

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