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• Baseline / Benchmark Physical and virtual server performance

  - by EyeonTech

  I am setting up a new server and there are some options. I want to perform some benchmarks and I need your help in determining the best tools and if possible run pre-configured benchmarks designed for SQL servers on Windows Server 2008/2012. Step 1. Run a performance monitor on the current Live SQL server (Windows Server 2008 Virtual machine running on ESXi. New server Hardware rundown: Intel® Server System R1304BTLSHBN - 1U Rack, LGA1155 http://ark.intel.com/products/53559/Intel-Server-System-R1304BTLSHBN Intel Xeon E3-1270V2 2x Intel SSD 330 Series 240GB 2.5in SATA 6Gb/s 25nm 1x WD 2TB WD2002FAEX 2TB 64M SATA3 CAVIAR BLACK 4x 8GB 1333MHz DDR3 ECC CL9 DIMM There are several options for configurations and I want to benchmark some of them and share the results. Option 1. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install Windows Server 2008 directly to the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Store Database files on the RAID 0 Volume. Benchmark the OS direct on the hardware as an SQL Server. Store SQL Backup databases on the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Option 2. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install Windows Server 2012 directly to the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Install Hyper-V. Install the SQL Server (Server 2008) as a virtual machine. Store the Virtual Hard Disks on the SSDs. Option 3. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install VMWare ESXi on a partition of the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Install the SQL Server (Server 2008) as a virtual machine. Store the Virtual Hard Disks on the SSDs. I have a few tools in mind from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc768530(v=bts.10).aspx. Any tools with pre-configured test would be fantastic. Specifically if there are pre-configured perfmon sets avaliable. Any opinions on the setup to gain the best results is welcome. Thanks in advance.

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• multiple puppet masters set up using inventory

  - by Oli

  I have managed to set up multiple puppet masters with one puppet master acting as a CA and clients are able to get a certificate from this CA server but use their designated puppet master to get their manifests. See this question for more info.. multiple puppet masters. However, there are a couple of things I have had to do to get this working correctly and have an error which I'll get to. First of all, to get inventory working for a puppet-client (PC) connecting to its designated puppet-master (PM), I had to copy the CA certs on PM1 to the PM2 ca directory. I ran this command: scp [email protected]:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/* [email protected]:/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/. Once i have done that, I was able to uncomment the SSLCertificateChainFile, SSLCACertificateFile & SSLCARevocationFile section of my rack.conf VH file on the PM2. Once I had done this, inventory started to work. Does this sound an acceptable way to do things? Secondly, in the puppet.conf file, I am setting the designated PM server for that client. Unless there is a better way, this is how it'll work in my production setup. So PC1 will talk to PM1 and PC2 will talk to PM2. This is where I have an error. When PC2 first requests a cert from the CA on PM1, the cert appears and then I sign the cert on the CA on PM1. When I then do a puppet agent --test on PC2 (which has server = PM2 in puppet.conf), I get this error: Warning: Unable to fetch my node definition, but the agent run will continue: Warning: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: puppet-master2.test.net(10.1.1.161) access to /certificate_revocation_list/ca [find] at :112 However, if I change the PC2 puppet.conf file and specify server = PM1 and the rerun puppet agent --test, i do not get any errors. I can then revert the change in the puppet.conf file back to server = PM2 and everything seems to run normally. Do I have to set up some kind of ProxyPassMatch on PM2 for requests made from clients to /certificate_revocation_list/* and redirect them to PM1? Or how can I fix this error? Cheers, Oli

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• A dusty server room

  - by pauska

  Here's the story.. The owners of the building we lease office space from decided to do a renovation of the exterior. This involved in some pretty heavy work at the level where our server room is, including exchanging windows wich are fit inside a concrete wall. My red alert went off when I heard that they were going to do the same thing with our server room (yes, our server room has a window. We're a small shop with 3 racks. The window is secured with steel bars.) I explicity told the contractor that they need to put up a temporarily wall between our racks and the original wall - and to make sure that the temporary wall is 100 % air and water-tight. They promised to do so. The temporary wall has a small door in it, so that workers can go in/out through the day (through our server room, wich was the only option....). On several occasions I could find the small door half-way shut while working evenings/nights. I locked the door, and thought that they would hopefully get the point soon and keep the door shut. I even gave a electrician a mouthful when I saw that he didn't close the door properly. By this point - I bet that most of you get a picture of what happened. Yes, they probably left the door open while drilling in the concrete. I present you our 4 weeks old EMC VNX: I'll even put in a little bonus, here is the APC UPS one rack further away from the temporary wall. See the nice little landing strip from my finger? What should I do? The only thing that comes to mind is to either call all our suppliers (EMC, HP, Dell, Cisco) and get them to send technicians to check out all the gear in the server room, or get some kind of certified 3rd-party consulant to check all of it. Would you run production systems on this gear? How long? Edit: I should also note that our aircondition isn't exactly enterprise-grade, given the nature of our small room. It's just a single inverter, wich have failed one time before I started working here (failed inverters usually leads to water dripping out).

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• OS X server large scale storage and backup

  - by user135217

  I really hope this question doesn't come across as trolling or asking for buying advice. It's not intended. I've just started working for a small ad agency (40 employees). I actually quit being a system administrator a few years ago (too stressful!), but the company we're currently outsourcing our IT stuff to is doing such a bad job that I've felt compelled to get involved and do what I can to improve things. At the moment, all the company's data is stored on an 8TB external firewire drive attached to a Mac Mini running OS X Server 10.6, which provides filesharing (using AFP) for the whole company. There is a single backup drive, which is actually a caddy containing two 3TB hard drives arranged in RAID 0 (arrggghhhh!), which someone brings in as and when and copies over all the data using Carbon Copy Cloner. That's the entirety of the infrastructure, and the whole backup and restore strategy. I've been having sleepless nights. I've just started augmenting the backup process with FreeBSD, ZFS, sparse bundles and snapshot sends to get everything offsite. I think this is a workable behind the scenes solution, but for people's day to day use I'm struggling. Given the quantity and importance of the data, I think we should really be looking towards enterprise level storage solutions, high availability and so on, but the whole company is all Mac all the time, and I cannot find equipment that will do what we need. No more Xserve; no rack storage; no large scale storage at all apart from that Pegasus R6 that doesn't seem all that great; the Mac Pro has fibre channel, but it's not a real server and it's ludicrously expensive; Xsan looks like it's on the way out; things like heartbeatd and failoverd have apparently been removed from Lion Server; the new Mac Mini only has thunderbolt which severely limits our choices; the list goes on and on. I'm really, really not trying to troll here. I love Macs, but I just genuinely don't know where I'm supposed to look for server stuff. I have considered Linux or FreeBSD and netatalk for serving files with all the server-y goodness those OSes bring, but some the things I've read make me wonder if it's really the way to go. Also, in my own (admittedly quite cursory) experiments with it, I've struggled to get decent transfer speeds. I guess there's also the possibility of switching everyone off AFP and making them use SMB or NFS, but I understand that this can cause big problems with resource forks and file locks. I figure there must be plenty of all Mac companies out there. If you're the sysadmin at one, what do you use? Any suggestions very gratefully received.

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• SRMSVC event ID 8197

  - by Godeke

  I have a Windows 2003 R2 machine that is giving an Event ID 8197 about once an hour and ten minutes. The full error is attached below. The machine is primary used to host IIS webpages and SMTP. There is no known scheduled tasks on the machine. I have read a lot of Google Search and Microsoft docs, but none of the suggestions found there have any impact. What I am curious is if there is any way to convert the SRMVOLMC81 and SRMVOLMC57 into mount point data so I could at least know where the error is sourcing from (there are no related errors in the logs, just the 8197 every hour and ten). Event Type: Error Event Source: SRMSVC Event Category: None Event ID: 8197 Date: 2/7/2011 Time: 11:32:21 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER001 Description: File Server Resource Manager Service error: Unexpected error. Error-specific details: Error: GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint, 0x80070001, Incorrect function. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: 53 52 4d 56 4f 4c 4d 43 SRMVOLMC 0008: 38 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 81...... 0010: 53 52 4d 56 4f 4c 4d 43 SRMVOLMC 0018: 35 37 00 00 00 00 00 00 57......

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• Exchange 2010 DAG Automatic Failover Testing/Issue. Not always automatically failing over to health

  - by Richard

  Ok I've got 2 exchange 2010 servers that run client access/hub transport/mailbox roles and one exchange 2010 server running just client access/hub transport roles and acts as my bridgehead. The two mailbox servers are running one database setup in a DAG. Server A shows the DB Mounted and Server B shows Healthy. If I reboot Server A via windows GUI Server B switches from healthy to mounted and I see hardly any interruption in service using Outlook 2007. Server A shows "Service down", then "Failed" then "Healthy" and leaves the DB mounted on Server B. This is how it should work, so far so good. Now if I test Server A being shut down cold, or unplugging both nics from network to simulate failure, Server B switches from Healthy to Mounted and server A switches to "Service Down" but my outlook client never connects to the DB mounted on server B! I can connect to server C (client access/hub transport) and get to my email and even send new email out, but incoming email doesn't deliver until Server A is brought back online and it's DB goes back to Healthy status. So I don't understand why it auto fail-overs when I reboot the server with the mounted DB copy, causing very little outlook 2007 hiccup if any. But when I shutdown or DC the mounted DB server it DOES mount the healthy copy but outlook 2007 clients can't connect.. I hope the picture I'm trying to paint makes some sense, it's driving me a little batty. Any help would be appreciated!

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• Samba on OS X 10.6.4

  - by Niklas Saers

  I just updated from 10.6.3 to 10.6.4, and now my Samba shares won't mount and won't allow access into the directories. In the logs, I've started to get the following errors, any idea what might have gone wrong? 2010/06/25 15:54:27, 0, pid=13848] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/passdb/secrets.c:secrets_fetch_domain_sid(150) secrets_fetch_domain_sid:opendirectory_query_domain_sid gave -14136 [eDSRecordNotFound] [2010/06/25 15:54:27, 0, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/lib/opendirectory.c:get_opendirectory_authenticator(247) failed to read DomainAdmin credentials, err=67 fd=19 errno=34 [2010/06/25 15:54:27, 1, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1092) winsrv (10.0.0.8) connect to service Dates initially as user johnd (uid=1028, gid=20) (pid 13850) [2010/06/25 15:54:42, 1, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/smbd/service.c:close_cnum(1289) winsrv (10.0.0.8) closed connection to service Dates [2010/06/25 15:54:44, 0, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/passdb/pdb_odsam.c:odssam_getsampwnam(1576) opendirectory_sam_searchname gave -14136 [eDSRecordNotFound]: no dsRecTypeStandard:Users record for account 'Administrator' [2010/06/25 15:54:48, 0, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/lib/opendirectory.c:get_opendirectory_authenticator(247) failed to read DomainAdmin credentials, err=67 fd=28 errno=34 [2010/06/25 15:54:48, 1, pid=13850] /SourceCache/samba/samba-235.4/samba/source/smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1092) winsrv (10.0.0.8) connect to service Dates initially as user johnd (uid=1028, gid=20) (pid 13850) Cheers Nik

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• Linux-Containers — Part 1: Overview

  - by Lenz Grimmer

  "Containers" by Jean-Pierre Martineau (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Linux Containers (LXC) provide a means to isolate individual services or applications as well as of a complete Linux operating system from other services running on the same host. To accomplish this, each container gets its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The processes running in other containers or the host system are not visible from inside a container. Additionally, Linux Containers allow for fine granular control of resources like RAM, CPU or disk I/O. Generally speaking, Linux Containers use a completely different approach than "classicial" virtualization technologies like KVM or Xen (on which Oracle VM Server for x86 is based on). An application running inside a container will be executed directly on the operating system kernel of the host system, shielded from all other running processes in a sandbox-like environment. This allows a very direct and fair distribution of CPU and I/O-resources. Linux containers can offer the best possible performance and several possibilities for managing and sharing the resources available. Similar to Containers (or Zones) on Oracle Solaris or FreeBSD jails, the same kernel version runs on the host as well as in the containers; it is not possible to run different Linux kernel versions or other operating systems like Microsoft Windows or Oracle Solaris for x86 inside a container. However, it is possible to run different Linux distribution versions (e.g. Fedora Linux in a container on top of an Oracle Linux host), provided it supports the version of the Linux kernel that runs on the host. This approach has one caveat, though - if any of the containers causes a kernel crash, it will bring down all other containers (and the host system) as well. For example, Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) is supported for both Oracle Linux 5 and 6. This makes it possible to run Oracle Linux 5 and 6 container instances on top of an Oracle Linux 6 system. Since Linux Containers are fully implemented on the OS level (the Linux kernel), they can be easily combined with other virtualization technologies. It's certainly possible to set up Linux containers within a virtualized Linux instance that runs inside Oracle VM Server for Oracle VM Virtualbox. Some use cases for Linux Containers include: Consolidation of multiple separate Linux systems on one server: instances of Linux systems that are not performance-critical or only see sporadic use (e.g. a fax or print server or intranet services) do not necessarily need a dedicated server for their operations. These can easily be consolidated to run inside containers on a single server, to preserve energy and rack space. Running multiple instances of an application in parallel, e.g. for different users or customers. Each user receives his "own" application instance, with a defined level of service/performance. This prevents that one user's application could hog the entire system and ensures, that each user only has access to his own data set. It also helps to save main memory — if multiple instances of a same process are running, the Linux kernel can share memory pages that are identical and unchanged across all application instances. This also applies to shared libraries that applications may use, they are generally held in memory once and mapped to multiple processes. Quickly creating sandbox environments for development and testing purposes: containers that have been created and configured once can be archived as templates and can be duplicated (cloned) instantly on demand. After finishing the activity, the clone can safely be discarded. This allows to provide repeatable software builds and test environments, because the system will always be reset to its initial state for each run. Linux Containers also boot significantly faster than "classic" virtual machines, which can save a lot of time when running frequent build or test runs on applications. Safe execution of an individual application: if an application running inside a container has been compromised because of a security vulnerability, the host system and other containers remain unaffected. The potential damage can be minimized, analyzed and resolved directly from the host system. Note: Linux Containers on Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) are still marked as Technology Preview - their use is only recommended for testing and evaluation purposes. The Open-Source project "Linux Containers" (LXC) is driving the development of the technology behind this, which is based on the "Control Groups" (CGroups) and "Name Spaces" functionality of the Linux kernel. Oracle is actively involved in the Linux Containers development and contributes patches to the upstream LXC code base. Control Groups provide means to manage and monitor the allocation of resources for individual processes or process groups. Among other things, you can restrict the maximum amount of memory, CPU cycles as well as the disk and network throughput (in MB/s or IOP/s) that are available for an application. Name Spaces help to isolate process groups from each other, e.g. the visibility of other running processes or the exclusive access to a network device. It's also possible to restrict a process group's access and visibility of the entire file system hierarchy (similar to a classic "chroot" environment). CGroups and Name Spaces provide the foundation on which Linux containers are based on, but they can actually be used independently as well. A more detailed description of how Linux Containers can be created and managed on Oracle Linux will be explained in the second part of this article. Additional links related to Linux Containers: OTN Article: The Role of Oracle Solaris Zones and Linux Containers in a Virtualization Strategy Linux Containers on Wikipedia - Lenz Grimmer Follow me on: Personal Blog | Facebook | Twitter | Linux Blog |

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• PowerShell: New-PSDrive error handling

  - by mazebuhu

  Hello, I have a script where I mount with the command "New-PSDrive" a network drive. Now, since the script is running as a "cronjob" on a server I want to have some error detection. If for any reason the command New-PSDrive fails the script should stop executing and notify that something went wrong. I have the following code: Try { New-PSDrive -Name A -PSProvider FileSystem -Root \\server\share } Catch { ... handle error case ... } ... other code ... For testing reasons I specified a wrong server name and I get the following error "New-PSDrive : Drive root "\wrongserver\share" does not exist or it's not a folder". Which is OK since the server does not exists. But the script does not go into the Catch clause and stop. It happily continues to run and ends up in a mess since no drive is mounted :-) So my question, why? Is there any difference in Exception handling in PowerShell? I should also note that I'm a noob in PowerShell scripting. Bye, Martin

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• Configuring ASP.NET MVC2 on Apache 2.2 using mod_aspdotnet

  - by user40684

  Trying to get an MVC2 website to run on Apache 2.2 web server (running on Windows) that utilizes the mod_aspdotnet module. Have several ASP.NET Virtual Hosts running, trying to add another. MVC2 has NO default page (like the first version of MVC had e.g default.aspx). I have tried various changes to the config: commented out 'DirectoryIndex', changed it to '/'. Set 'ASPNET' to 'Virtual', will not load first page, always get: '403 Forbidden, You don't have permission to access / on this server.' Below is from my http.conf: LoadModule aspdotnet_module "modules/mod_aspdotnet.so" AddHandler asp.net asax ascx ashx asmx aspx axd config cs csproj licx rem resources resx soap vb vbproj vsdisco webinfo <IfModule aspdotnet_module> # Mount the ASP.NET /asp application #AspNetMount /MyWebSiteName "D:/ApacheNET/MyWebSiteName.com" Alias /MyWebSiteName" D:/ApacheNET/MyWebSiteName.com" <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "D:/ApacheNET/MyWebSiteName.com" ServerName www.MyWebSiteName.com ServerAlias MyWebSiteName.com AspNetMount / "D:/ApacheNET/MyWebSiteName.com" # Other directives here <Directory "D:/ApacheNET/MyWebSiteName.com"> Options FollowSymlinks ExecCGI AspNet All #AspNet Virtual Files Directory Order allow,deny Allow from all DirectoryIndex default.aspx index.aspx index.html #default the index page to .htm and .aspx </Directory> </VirtualHost> # For all virtual ASP.NET webs, we need the aspnet_client files # to serve the client-side helper scripts. AliasMatch /aspnet_client/system_web/(\d+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\d+)/(.*) "C:/Windows /Microsoft.NET/Framework/v$1.$2.$3/ASP.NETClientFiles/$4" <Directory "C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v*/ASP.NETClientFiles"> Options FollowSymlinks Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> Has anyone successfully run MVC2 (or the first version of MVC) on Apache with the mod_aspdotnet module? Thanks !

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• Strange ZFS hidden filesystem problem

  - by RandomInsano

  Half of my ZFS filesystems are hidden in ZFS-fuse. Here's my story: So, I love ZFS. I used it for about six months on FreeBSD, but due to it crashing the kernel during heavy inter-filesystem IO load, I tried switching to Solaris 5.10. That was good, but when I attempted to do an import of my Version 13 pool into its Version 4 version of ZFS, there were some heafty problems. It may have tried to correct the filesystem definitions, I don't know. Since that version wasn't compatible with my pool, I've now switched to Ubuntu Server 10.4. That version more than supports that of my pool, but I can only see half of my filesystems. The filesystems I can see are the same as those Solaris could see. Now, despite those filesystems not being preset in a 'zfs list' command, I can still set properties on them and I can even still mount them and read and write files, but they just plain don't show up in 'zfs list'. I've mounted the major ones, but I'm not sure what other filesystems there are anymore (I have about eight that I can't see). Anyone have any idea what the heck is going on? I think I might try booting back into FreeBSD 8 (I still have the main boot drive laying around for that) and see if at least it is able to view the filesystems. I've also done a scrub while in Linux, and it found no errors with any of the data. Oddly, DMA read errors which caused problems on FreeBSD ZFS are reported by Linux, but ZFS-fuse doesn't find an error. That's a topic for another post however.

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• User cannot access a system DSN on Windows Server 2008

  - by Ra Osolage

  We run our SQL Server services using a low privileged domain account. That account is NOT a local admin on the OS. Only access I give the user account is assigned during install of SQL: full control over its mount points and then everything else is granted by the SQL Server 2005/2008 installer. I need to create a linked server in SQL Server 2008 to an ODBC data source. So I remoted into the computer using my domain account, which is part of a group that DOES have local admin privs to the OS. I created a system DSN and configured it to connect to another SQL Server. The DSN works perfectly when I test it. However, when I try to create the linked server, I get an error. It appears to me that the DSN is invisible to the domain account that SQL Server is running as. It seems that this problem is only happening to me on Windows 2008 servers. Does anybody know whether there's anything that you need to do after creating a DSN to make it visible for other users to access?

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• Top 4 Lame Tech Blogging Posts

  - by jkauffman

  From a consumption point of view, tech blogging is a great resource for one-off articles on niche subjects. If you spend any time reading tech blogs, you may find yourself running into several common, useless types of posts tech bloggers slip into. Some of these lame posts may just be natural due to common nerd psychology, and some others are probably due to lame, lemming-like laziness. I’m sure I’ll do my fair share of fitting the mold, but I quickly get bored when I happen upon posts that hit these patterns without any real purpose or personal touches. 1. The Content Regurgitation Posts This is a common pattern fueled by the starving pan-handlers in the web traffic economy. These are posts that are terse opinions or addendums to an existing post. I commonly see these involve huge block quotes from the linked article which almost always produces over 50% of the post itself. I’ve accidentally gone to these posts when I’m knowingly only interested in the source material. Web links can degrade as well, so if the source link is broken, then, well, I’m pretty steamed. I see this occur with simple opinions on technologies, Stack Overflow solutions, or various tech news like posts from Microsoft. It’s not uncommon to go to the linked article and see the author announce that he “added a blog post” as a response or summary of the topic. This is just rude, but those who do it are probably aware of this. It’s a matter of winning that sweet, juicy web traffic. I doubt this leeching is fooling anybody these days. I would like to rally human dignity and urge people to avoid these types of posts, and just leave a comment on the source material. 2. The “Sorry I Haven’t Posted In A While” Posts This one is far too common. You’ll most likely see this quote somewhere in the body of the offending post: I have been really busy. If the poster is especially guilt-ridden, you’ll see a few volleys of excuses. Here are some common reasons I’ve seen, which I’ll list from least to most painfully awkward. Out of town Vague allusions to personal health problems (these typically includes phrases like “sick”, “treatment'”, and “all better now!”) “Personal issues” (which I usually read as "divorce”) Graphic or specific personal health problems (maximum awkwardness potential is achieved if you see links to charity fund websites) I can’t help but to try over-analyzing why this occurs. Personally, I see this an an amalgamation of three plain factors: Life happens Us nerds are duty-driven, and driven to guilt at personal inefficiencies Tech blogs can become personal journals I don’t think we can do much about the first two, but on the third I think we could certainly contain our urges. I’m a pretty boring guy and, whether or I like it or not, I have an unspoken duty to protect the world from hearing about my unremarkable existence. Nobody cares what kind of sandwich I’m eating. Similarly, if I disappear for a while, it’s unlikely that anybody who happens upon my blog would care why. Rest assured, if I stop posting for a while due to a vasectomy, you will be the first to know. 3. The “At A Conference”, or “Conference Review” Posts I don’t know if I’m like everyone else on this one, but I have never been successfully interested in these posts. It even sounds like a good idea: if I can’t make it to a particular conference (like the KCDC this year), wouldn’t I be interested in a concentrated summary of events? Apparently, no! Within this realm, I’ve never read a post by a blogger that held my interest. What really baffles is is that, for whatever reason, I am genuinely engaged and interested when talking to someone in person regarding the same topic. I have noticed the same phenomenon when hearing about others’ vacations. If someone sends me an email about their vacation, I gloss over it and forget about it quickly. In contrast, if I’m speaking to that individual in person about their vacation, I’m actually interested. I’m unsure why the written medium eradicates the intrigue. I was raised by a roaming pack of friendly wild video games, so that may be a factor. 4. The “Top X Number of Y’s That Z” Posts I’ve seen this one crop up a lot more in the past few of years. Here are some fabricated examples: 5 Easy Ways to Improve Your Code Top 7 Good Habits Programmers Learn From Experience The 8 Things to Consider When Giving Estimates Top 4 Lame Tech Blogging Posts These are attention-grabbing headlines, and I’d assume they rack up hits. In fact, I enjoy a good number of these. But, I’ve been drawn to articles like this just to find an endless list of identically formatted posts on the blog’s archive sidebar. Often times these posts have overlapping topics, too. These types of posts give the impression that the author has given thought to prioritize and organize the points as a result of a comprehensive consideration of a particular topic. Did the author really weigh all the possibilities when identifying the “Top 4 Lame Tech Blogging Patterns”? Unfortunately, probably not. What a tool. To reiterate, I still enjoy the format, but I feel it is abused. Nowadays, I’m pretty skeptical when approaching posts in this format. If these trends continue, my brain will filter these blog posts out just as effectively as it ignores the encroaching “do xxx with this one trick” advertisements. Conclusion To active blog readers, I hope my guide has served you precious time in being able to identify lame blog posts at a glance. Save time and energy by skipping over the chaff of the internet! And if you author a blog, perhaps my insight will help you to avoid the occasional urge to produce these needless filler posts.

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• Adding an user to samba

  - by JustMaximumPower

  I'm trying to setup some samba shares in my home network on an Ubuntu 12.04 machine. Everything works fine for my user account (max) but I can not add any new user. Every time I try to add new user they can not use the shares. It's likely that the error is very basic to the concept of samba but please don't just tell me to read the docs. I've been trying that for about 2 weeks now. I've set up the server with my user max who can mount transfer and the share max. Than I added the user simon with sudo adduser --no-create-home --disabled-login --shell /bin/false simon because the user should not be able to ssh into the machine. I did an sudo smbpasswd -a simon and set an (samba) password for simon and added an share for simon. I also added simon to transferusers to give him access to the share transfer. But simon can't connect to transfer or simons. ---- output of testparam: ------- Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384) Processing section "[printers]" Processing section "[print$]" Processing section "[max]" Processing section "[simons]" Processing section "[transfer]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions [global] server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu) map to guest = Bad User obey pam restrictions = Yes pam password change = Yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . unix password sync = Yes syslog = 0 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 dns proxy = No usershare allow guests = Yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d idmap config * : backend = tdb [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba create mask = 0700 printable = Yes print ok = Yes browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers [max] comment = Privater share von Max path = /media/Main/max read only = No create mask = 0700 [simons] comment = Privater share von Simon path = /media/Main/simon read only = No create mask = 0700 [transfer] comment = Transferlaufwerk path = /media/Main/transfer read only = No create mask = 0755 ---- The files in /media/Main: ------ drwxrwxr-x 17 max max 4096 Oct 4 19:13 max/ drwx------ 5 simon max 4096 Aug 4 15:18 simon/ drwxrwxr-x 7 max transferusers 258048 Oct 1 22:55 transfer/

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• "Could not claim interface on camera: -6" when trying to connect usb camera (Kinect)

  - by rzetterberg

  I have installed the freenect library from openkinect.org. With that library there is a demo application which you can run from the terminal to test out the Kinect. However when I run this command I get the following output: richard@behemoth:~$ sudo freenect-glview Kinect camera test Number of devices found: 1 Could not claim interface on camera: -6 Could not open device This particular error is thrown by the library libusb by the function libusb_claim_interface and the error -6 corresponds to the LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY. So my guess is that it has something to do with mounting the usb, rather than specifically the freenect library or the Kinect itself. So my question is how can I find out what resource is using this interface and how can I free it so that I can access it? Edit: What I have tried so far (just to be sure): Rebooted Plugged-out, plugged-in Tried different usb ports Restarted udev Additional information that might be useful: /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1c73f217-ac8d-451b-8390-7a680628a856 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=bb49bd29-07ec-45a0-bbab-46fb8362b06b none swap sw 0 0 sudo uname -r: Linux behemoth 3.0.0-14-generic-pae #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 22:07:10 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=oneiric DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

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• Warning flagged by the 'rkhunter'

  - by gkt.pro

  when I scanned my Ubuntu 10.04 with rkhunter a root kit hunter toolkit, it gave following warning: Is there something that I have to worry about. [23:06:19] /usr/sbin/adduser [ Warning ] [23:06:19] Warning: The command '/usr/sbin/adduser' has been replaced by a script: /usr/sbin/adduser: a /usr/bin/perl script text executable [23:06:20] /usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ Warning ] [23:06:20] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:22] /usr/bin/dpkg [ Warning ] [23:06:22] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:22] /usr/bin/dpkg-query [ Warning ] [23:06:22] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:24] /usr/bin/ldd [ Warning ] [23:06:24] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:24] Warning: The command '/usr/bin/ldd' has been replaced by a script: /usr/bin/ldd: Bourne-Again shell script text executable [23:06:24] /usr/bin/logger [ Warning ] [23:06:24] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:25] /usr/bin/mail [ Warning ] [23:06:25] Warning: The file '/usr/bin/mail' exists on the system, but it is not present in the rkhunter.dat file. [23:06:27] /usr/bin/sudo [ Warning ] [23:06:27] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:29] /usr/bin/whereis [ Warning ] [23:06:29] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:29] /usr/bin/lwp-request [ Warning ] [23:06:29] Warning: The command '/usr/bin/lwp-request' has been replaced by a script: /usr/bin/lwp-request: a /usr/bin/perl -w script text executable [23:06:29] /usr/bin/bsd-mailx [ Warning ] [23:06:29] Warning: The file '/usr/bin/bsd-mailx' exists on the system, but it is not present in the rkhunter.dat file. [23:06:30] /sbin/fsck [ Warning ] [23:06:30] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:30] /sbin/ifdown [ Warning ] [23:06:30] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:31] /sbin/ifup [ Warning ] [23:06:31] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:34] /bin/dmesg [ Warning ] [23:06:34] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:35] /bin/more [ Warning ] [23:06:35] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:36] /bin/mount [ Warning ] [23:06:36] Warning: The file properties have changed: [23:06:37] /bin/which [ Warning ] [23:06:37] Warning: The command '/bin/which' has been replaced by a script: /bin/which: POSIX shell script text executable [23:08:58] Checking /dev for suspicious file types [ Warning ] [23:08:58] Warning: Suspicious file types found in /dev: [23:08:58] Checking for hidden files and directories [ Warning ] [23:08:58] Warning: Hidden directory found: /etc/.java [23:08:58] Warning: Hidden directory found: /dev/.udev [23:08:58] Warning: Hidden directory found: /dev/.initramfs [23:09:01] Checking version of Exim MTA [ Warning ] [23:09:01] Warning: Application 'exim', version '4.71', is out of date, and possibly a security risk. [23:09:01] Checking version of GnuPG [ Warning ] [23:09:01] Warning: Application 'gpg', version '1.4.10', is out of date, and possibly a security risk. [23:09:01] Checking version of OpenSSL [ Warning ] [23:09:01] Warning: Application 'openssl', version '0.9.8k', is out of date, and possibly a security risk.

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• VMWare ESX, storage over 2TB

  - by Phliplip

  Hi, First of, i'm a webdeveloper and my server experience lies in setting up FreeBSD servers for webserver. I'm working on a project for at photographer, and i'm hired to develop a new online photo ordering system - where user of course can view their photos :) They have a massive need of storage, thus we have bought a HP G6 and 8x1TB SATA HDD. Our plan is to install VMWare ESX 4.0, running multiple virtual machines; FreeBSD 8 for webserver and some windows servers. Allready done that. Then mount one big storage to the BSD, and share it through Samba to the WinServers. The raid is set up with an array of 2x 1TB to handle the VMs. And the rest is setup as 3 2x1TB to handle the photo-data. Thus 2.73TB for photo-data (the raids are 1+0). Now if we add a datastore in the ESX and add the 3 LUNs we can get a datastore of 2.74TB. But i don't se how i can add this datastore direct to the VM. Only the BSD VM needs access to this. Only way is to create a VirtualDisk, with a max of 2TB (8MB blocksize). This is because the datastore where we save the virtualdisk has a maximum filesize of 2TB. Then add it as a harddisk to the BSD VM. In the 'Add Harddisk' pane for the VM, i see an option for Raw Disk Management. I think this is to access the datastore or the raid directly. Only problem is that its greyed out! Can i access the datastorage directly from the BSD? Without creating and adding virtualdisk.

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• Problems migrating software RAID 5 to new server (linux)

  - by leleu

  I have a CentOS setup with sw RAID5 that holds my data. Well, the server died, so I bought another box to migrate my drives to. Only thing is, I cannot get the RAID array rebuilt (not even sure it needs rebuilding, might just need the /dev/md0 mapping created... but I don't even know how to determine what I need!) Some details: RAID5 software (used mdadm) 4x 250GB drives (2 are SATA, 2 are EIDE -- would this matter? It worked fine in the other box...) latest CentOS distro built using mdadm I've got a decent amount of experience with standard linux stuff, but the hardware level stuff runs me in circles. I've spent some time googling and elsewhere here on SF, so please be kind for my newbie questions :). My question is this: how can I diagnose the problem? For all I know, I'm using the wrong device blocks when I try to rebuild the array, but I can't find the command to display only the devices that have some physical attachment. Is there some simple way for me to run mdadm, having it scan over all my physical drives, and say "hey, drives 2,5,6,7 are a software array, want me to mount it?" I basically just took the drives from my old box and put it into my new one. They show up in the BIOS. What steps do I need to take in order to get the array up, running, and mounted? Thanks in advance!

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• cPanel web servers mounting home partition to a NAS or SAN

  - by Scott

  Hello, I currently have 2 cPanel web servers that are little 1RU dual cpu quad core xeons. They have a lot of resources for processing and handling web requests, and never exceed more than 10% cpu usage. They also have plenty of RAM. The problem is though that they both have RAID 1 160Gb SAS hard disk drives in them that are 75% full, and growing by the day. I didnt think that the amount of disk usage would be so high, but due to the nature of the sites hosted, this has become an issue. The easy fix would be just to upgrade the hard drives to something bigger (probably not of the SAS variety), but I am thinking of keeping the current machines as "processing servers" and buying a central "storage server" with about 12TB of storage. The /home/ partition on each of the 1RU servers would be mounted to a NAS or SAN point on this central storage server. My questions are: - Has anyone got a cPanel setup where they mount /home/ to a NAS or SAN elsewhere? If so, can you provide details as to what you did and how it went :) - Any recommendations on networking? Is gigabit ethernet enough? Is TCP/IP going to be a noticable performance problem? Anyone used a TOE key? - Anyone benchmarked or had any performance issues with SAN over NAS? Any help greatly appreciated. Scott

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• Samba Server Make Multiple User Permissions Profiles

  - by Scriptonaut

  I have a Samba file server running, and I was wondering how I could make multiple user accounts that have different permissions. For example, at the moment I have a user, smbusr, but when I ssh to the share, I can read, write, execute, and even navigate out of the samba directory and do stuff on the actual computer. This is bad because I want to be able to give out my IP so friends/family can use the server, but I don't want them to be able to do just anything. I want to lock the user in the samba share directory(and all the sub directories). Eventually I would like several profiles such as (smbusr_R, smbusr_RW, smbguest_R, smbguest_RW). I also have a second question related to this, is SSH the best method to connect from other unix machines? What about VPN? Or simply mounting like this: mount -t ext3 -o user=username //ipaddr/share /mnt/mountpoint Is that mounting command above the same thing as a vpn? This is really confusing me. Thanks for the help guys, let me know if you need to see any files, or need anymore information.

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• Samba Server Make Multiple User Permissions Profiles

  - by Scriptonaut

  I have a Samba file server running, and I was wondering how I could make multiple user accounts that have different permissions. For example, at the moment I have a user, smbusr, but when I ssh to the share, I can read, write, execute, and even navigate out of the samba directory and do stuff on the actual computer. This is bad because I want to be able to give out my IP so friends/family can use the server, but I don't want them to be able to do just anything. I want to lock the user in the samba share directory(and all the sub directories). Eventually I would like several profiles such as (smbusr_R, smbusr_RW, smbguest_R, smbguest_RW). I also have a second question related to this, is SSH the best method to connect from other unix machines? What about VPN? Or simply mounting like this: mount -t ext3 -o user=username //ipaddr/share /mnt/mountpoint Is that mounting command above the same thing as a vpn? This is really confusing me. Thanks for the help guys, let me know if you need to see any files, or need anymore information.

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• How to boot Linux from a 16gb USB flash drive

  - by Chris Harris

  I'm trying to install Linux on a single partition of a USB flash drive that's larger than 4gb. The first place I went to is http://pendrivelinux.com. I can follow these instructions for installing Xubuntu 9.04 perfectly, which unfortunately break down when I try to scale it up beyond 4gb. There are several other tools to do this (unetbootin and usb-creator) which follow a very similar formula. I figured out that a big problem of mine was that all of these tools assume the USB drive is formatted in FAT32, which unfortunately cannot hold a single file larger than 4gb. This is unfortunate because I want to use just one partition, so that my persistance file, casper-rw, looks like one big partition to the OS once I've booted off of the USB drive. I then tried following a myriad of instructions involving formatting the drive as one large ext2 filesystem and using extlinux to create a single bootable ext2 file system. This doesn't work for me however, after about 20 attempts verifying and slightly tweaking the formula, I cannot seem to get a "good" bootable ext2 file system built. I'm not entirely sure what's going on, but it seems as though no matter how hard I try, I cannot get the ext2 file system to remain coherent after copying the Linux ISO contents over, copying the MBR, and executing extlinux to create the ext bootloader. Every time, after I follow these steps (in any order) and reboot, I get an unbootable USB drive. If I then mount the drive under Linux again, I see a mess of a file system (inodes have clearly been screwed up somewhere along the way). I suspected that the USB drive wasn't being fully flushed, so I tried using the "sync" and "unmount" commands before rebooting which didn't affect things at all. I guess I have several possible questions - but let's start with the obvious - is there something I'm missing to create a bootable ext2 USB flash drive that's large (e.g. 16gb)?

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• Recover files from corrupt filesystem

  - by Emile 81

  My situation: I have an older 80GB IDE internal hdd, with a few files on that I would like very much to recover: some word documents some latex documents (text files) and pictures (png, jpg, eps files) some other text documents and visual studio project files I had backed them (not the latex ones though) up using svn, but have not committed lately, and would loose a lot of work if I cant recover. the hdd seems to have lost its filesystem, i have no idea how it came about. I know it has/had 3 NTFS partitions, i know the files i want are on the second or third partition. I read http://superuser.com/questions/81877/recover-hard-disk-data Partition Find and Mount did not see all the partitions using intelligent scan TestDisk does (i think), I followed the step by step instructions here, but when I try to list the files it says: "Can't open filesystem, filesystem seems damaged." I'm not sure how to proceed here, as TestDisks wiki does not contain this error message afaik. I don't know if the hdd is gonna fail, or some prog has caused the filesystem to be corrupt, the hdd doesnt make a sound, so i guess that's good. I would like some guidance so I don't accidentally cause more damage. (eg. is it ok to let testdisk write the filesystem to disk? I'm pretty the partitions are listed ok, but not 100%)

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• Cannot connect to my EC2 instance because of "Permission denied (publickey)"

  - by Burak

  In AWS console, I saw that my key pair was deleted. I created a new one with the same name. Then I tried to connect with ssh -v -i sohoKey.pem ec2-user@******.compute-1.amazonaws.com Here's the output: macs-MacBook-Air:~ mac$ ssh -v -i sohoKey.pem ec2-user@******.compute-1.amazonaws.com OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to ********.compute-1.amazonaws.com [*****] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file sohoKey.pem type -1 debug1: identity file sohoKey.pem-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '*******.compute-1.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mac/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: sohoKey.pem debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: sohoKey.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Update: I detached my old EBS and attached to the new instance. Now, how can I mount it?

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• Oracle Database 12c: Oracle Multitenant Option

  - by hamsun

  1. Why ? 2. What is it ? 3. How ? 1. Why ? The main idea of the 'grid' is to share resources, to make better use of storage, CPU and memory. If a database administrator wishes to implement this idea, he or she must consolidate many databases to one database. One of the concerns of running many applications together in one database is: ‚what will happen, if one of the applications must be restored because of a human error?‘ Tablespace point in time recovery can be used for this purpose, but there are a few prerequisites. Most importantly the tablespaces are strictly separated for each application. Another reason for creating separated databases is security: each customer has his own database. Therefore, there is often a proliferation of smaller databases. Each of them must be maintained, upgraded, each allocates virtual memory and runs background processes thereby wasting resources. Oracle 12c offers another possibility for virtualization, providing isolation at the database level: the multitenant container database holding pluggable databases. 2. What ? Pluggable databases are logical units inside a multitenant container database, which consists of one multitenant container database and up to 252 pluggable databases. The SGA is shared as are the background processes. The multitenant container database holds metadata information common for pluggable databases inside the System and the Sysaux tablespace, and there is just one Undo tablespace. The pluggable databases have smaller System and Sysaux tablespaces, containing just their 'personal' metadata. New data dictionary views will make the information available either on pdb (dba_views) or container level (cdb_views). There are local users, which are known in specific pluggable databases and common users known in all containers. Pluggable databases can be easily plugged to another multitenant container database and converted from a non-CDB. They can undergo point in time recovery. 3. How ? Creating a multitenant container database can be done using the database configuration assistant: There you find the new option: Create as Container Database. If you prefer ‚hand made‘ databases you can execute the command from a instance in nomount state: CREATE DATABASE cdb1 ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE …. And of course this can also be achieved through Enterprise Manager Cloud. A freshly created multitenant container database consists of two containers: the root container as the 'rack' and a seed container, a template for future pluggable databases. There are 4 ways to create other pluggable databases: 1. Create an empty pdb from seed 2. Plug in a non-CDB 3. Move a pdb from another pdb 4. Copy a pdb from another pdb We will discuss option2: how to plug in a non_CDB into a multitenant container database. Three different methods are available : 1. Create an empty pdb and use Datapump in traditional export/import mode or with Transportable Tablespace or Database mode. This method is suitable for pre 12c databases. 2. Create an empty pdb and use GoldenGate replication. When the pdb catches up with the non-CDB, you fail over to the pdb. 3. Databases of Version 12c or higher can be plugged in with the help of the new dbms_pdb Package. This is a demonstration for method 3: Step1: Connect to the non-CDB to be plugged in and create an xml File with description of the database. The xml file is written to $ORACLE_HOME/dbs per default and contains mainly information about the datafiles. Step 2: Check if the non-CDB is pluggable in the multitenant container database: Step 3: Create the pluggable database, connected to the Multitenant container database. With nocopy option the files will be reused, but the tempfile is created anew: A service is created and registered automatically with the listener: Step 4: Delete unnecessary metadata from PDB SYSTEM tablespace: To connect to newly created pdb, edit tnsnames.ora and add entry for new pdb. Connect to plugged-in non_CDB and clean up Data Dictionary to remove entries now maintained in multitenant container database. As all kept objects have to be recompiled it will take a few minutes. Step 5: The plugged-in database will be automatically synchronised by creating common users and roles when opened the first time in read write mode. Step 6: Verify tablespaces and users: There is only one local tablespace (users) and one local user (scott) in the plugged-in non_CDB pdb_orcl. This method of creating plugged_in non_CDB from is fast and easy for 12c databases. The method for deplugging a pluggable database from a CDB is to create a new non_CDB and use the the new full transportable feature of Datapump and drop the pluggable database. About the Author: Gerlinde has been working for Oracle University Germany as one of our Principal Instructors for over 14 years. She started with Oracle 7 and became an Oracle Certified Master for Oracle 10g and 11c. She is a specialist in Database Core Technologies, with profound knowledge in Backup & Recovery, Performance Tuning for DBAs and Application Developers, Datawarehouse Administration, Data Guard and Real Application Clusters.

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