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  • Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

    - by Mark
    I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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  • Can you use a USB dongle inside a VMWare ESX Virual Machine?

    - by Keith Sirmons
    Howdy, I need to know if a USB dongle that is required as a license key for a piece of software will accessible from the physical host machine. This will be a small vSphere 4 installation targeting the quick backup and system restore capabilities of VMWare, not specifically HA, so I am not to worried about the virtual machine automatically failing over to another physical machine and the dongle not being accessible. Does ESX have the capability to map a physical USB port or device to a specific Virtual Machine? I believe this is the dongle: Sentinal Superpro USB Dongle by Rainbow Technologies Thank you, Keith

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  • How to ping virtualbox guest machine by hostname? [migrated]

    - by Punit Soni
    Here is the summary. VirtualBox 4.2.18 Host OS: Windows 7 Guest OS: Ubuntu 12.04 Networking: Bridged Adaptor I can ping Host and other machines in host's network from ubuntu guest using hostnames. But, I can only ping the guest machine using IP address from host and network machines. I have avahi-daemon running on Guest OS. I want to be able to ping/ssh the guest machine from host and other machines on network using hostname of the guest machine. Please help.

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  • How do I make more available space on a Time Machine hard disk?

    - by Daryl Spitzer
    I upgraded my MacBook Pro to Snow Leopard, and made some other changes that have caused my next Time Machine backup to be quite large. Previous to the upgrade my backup drive had filled up, so Time Machine was deleting old backups to make room for new ones. When Time Machine started the first backup after the upgrade, it displayed a message that it was freeing up space. But it wasn't able to free up enough: (The disk has 320 GB capacity.) How can I free up more space on the disk (without reformatting or deleting all the existing backups)? I don't want to recklessly delete files and take the risk of confusing Time Machine.

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  • Using a named pipe to simulate a serial port on a VMware virtual machine (linux host and client)

    - by Dave M
    Trying to write a python program to create a simulated data stream and feed it, through a named pipe, to a VMware virtual machine. The host is running Ubuntu 11.10 and VMware player 5.0.0. The Vm is running Ubuntu netbook 10.04. I am able to get the pipe working on the local machine but I am not able to get the pipe to pass data through the virtual serial port to the programs running on the virtual machine. #!/usr/bin/python import os # # Create a named pipe that will be used as the serial port on a VMware virtual machine SerialPipe = '/tmp/gpsd2NMEA' try: os.unlink(SerialPipe) except: pass os.mkfifo(SerialPipe) # # Open the named pipe NMEApipe = os.open(SerialPipe, os.O_RDWR|os.O_NONBLOCK) # # Write a string to the named pipe NMEAtime = "235959" os.write(NMEApipe, str( '%s\n' % NMEAtime )) Test to see if the python program is working on the host machine (displays 235959 if data is passing through the pipe) $ cat /tmp/gpsd2NMEA 235959 Serial port as defined in the VMware .vmx file: serial0.present = "TRUE" serial0.startConnected = "TRUE" serial0.fileType = "pipe" serial0.fileName = "/tmp/gpsd2NMEA" serial0.pipe.endPoint = "client" serial0.autodetect = "FALSE" serial0.tryNoRxLoss = "TRUE" serial0.yieldOnMsrRead = "TRUE" Test to see if the serial port in the VM is receiving data $ cat /dev/ttyS0 or $ minicom -D /dev/ttyS0 or $ stty -F /dev/ttyS0 cs8 -parenb -cstopb 115200 $ echo < /dev/ttyS0 None of these display any data from the python program.

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  • VMWare Workstation Dev Machine Disks: one fast or four echofriendly raid?

    - by Avi
    I'm building a new dev computer. It will be running a few VMWare Worksation virtual machines - A dev machine running VS-2010, a build machine, a version-control machine, a web server for testing, a "personal" machine running office etc. I'll be connecting the computer to my stereo, so I'll also be running iTunes (possible on a dedicated VM) and I want the computer to be a silent one. I'll probably use an Antec P183 case. I was advised on Serverfault to use Raid10 for performance. Raid 10 uses 4 disks. So, my question is as follows: In terms of heat, noise, reliability, warranty, price, capacity and performance, what would you suggest: A Raid10 4 disk array using eco-friendly disks such as the $94 1TB Western Digital Caviar Green, or one high performance disk such as the 2TB Western Digital Caviar Black at $280?

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  • How do I share a complete XP disk so it can be seen from a Windows 7 system? (To move all files to a

    - by Ian Ringrose
    This should be easier! (both computers can see the internet etc so I know the network it’s self is working) I have a normal home network with a Windows XP machine on it and the new Windows 7 (64 bit) machine. So I can transfer the files to the new Windows 7 machine, I wish to share the complete disk (and all files) from the Windows XP machine and access them from the Windows 7 machine. Is there a step by step set of instructions for doing this anywhere? So fare I have: put both computers into the same workgroup put the windows 7 machine into work network mode so it can see the XP machine in the work group shared the XP disk as read only But when I try to access a lot of the folders on the XP disks, I am told I am not allowed to access them. (I was not asked for any passwords by the windows 7 machine when I accessed the XP machine. The XP machine just has its default account with no password set on it) The XP machine runs XP home and hence has "simple file shairing" turn on. So it seems that even if I create a admin account (with password) and connect with that account, it still comes in as "guest" on the XP machine. Chooseing to share the folder I want access to rather then the top of the disk drive seems to work, but is a pain as I need to share each user's folder with a different share name. If the new computer was not a laptop, I would just plug the hard disk from the old machine into it, but being a laptop I don't have that option.

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  • I can't connect to mysql on a remote server

    - by eisaacson
    I'm trying to connect from an Ubuntu server to a RHEL6 server using mysql. I've tried telneting into the server as well as trying to connect with mysql. I've tried commenting out the bind-address but didn't have any success with that either. I don't get an error code or anything with telnet. It just fails after a minute or so. With mysql, I get this error code ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'SERVER_IP' (111). "SERVER_IP" is of course a placeholder where actual error gives that actual IP. I've included my my.cnf as well as well as my iptables from the destination server. On Destination Server... my.cnf: [mysqld] bind-address=0.0.0.0 tmp_table_size=512M max_heap_table_size=512M sort_buffer_size=32M read_buffer_size=128K read_rnd_buffer_size=256K table_cache=2048 key_buffer_size=512M thread_cache_size=50 query_cache_type=1 query_cache_size=256M query_cache_limit=24M #query_alloc_block_size=128 #query_cache_min_res_unit=128 innodb_log_buffer_size=16M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 innodb_file_per_table innodb_log_files_in_group=2 innodb_buffer_pool_size=32G innodb_log_file_size=512M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M join_buffer_size=128K max_allowed_packet=100M max_connections=256 wait_timeout=28800 interactive_timeout=3600 # modify isolation method for faster inserting. # Do not uncomment the line below unless you understand what this does. # transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED # do not reverse lookup clients skip-name-resolve #long_query_time=6 #log_slow_queries=/var/log/mysqld-slow.log #log_queries_not_using_indexes=On #log_slow_admin_statements=On datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 #Added by Magento ECG long_query_time=1 slow_query_log [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid iptables: :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 225 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 11211 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT sudo netstat -ntpl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11211 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2123 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1581 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::11211 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::225 :::* LISTEN -

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  • Is there a way to transfer windows license to a different machine?

    - by Alex Khvatov
    I purchased a license and used Windows 7 Home Premium 32 bit OS for a while. But recently I bought a 64 bit version to take advantage of the larger RAM the machine had and hence reinstalled the OS and activated a new license for the 64-bit version. Now, I am in a need to install the 32 bit version on another machine. How do I go about reactivating a license on another machine? (again the license currently is not used) Am I going to have issues with Microsoft not letting me reactivate that license on a different machine? Thank you.

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  • How to get a windows domain server to recognize a linux machine by its name?

    - by CaCl
    In my company I ran into an issue where we have a linux machine that serves up a Subversion repository. Its hooked up via LDAP to the Active Directory. We got an account setup for an application and they set the Limited Workstations up so it didn't have full access to the network. The problem is that even though the hostname for our machine resolves correctly for me, the credentials for the application account seem to come back as not being allowed based on the name (the error was related to authorized workstations). I don't have access to any of the domain servers but it might be helpful to come at the management or high-level techs with some ideas, they don't seem to have a solution besides allowing all workstations for the user. Does anyone have any idea on how to get my linux machine to properly identify itself with the Domain machine by name?

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  • How do I run perfmon against a remote machine?

    - by WindyCityEagle
    For starters I'm trying to do this from a Windows 7 box to a Windows 7 box. I know the simple answer should be to enter \\computername where it says "Select Counters From Computer". Trouble is, every time I do that I get an error message that says "Unable to connect to machine" I know the machine is out there and accessible, because I can bring up windows explorer and enter \\computername\c$ in the explorer bar and then can browse their c drive. So the machine is out there. Are there special permissions for perfmon? Is here a service which needs to be running on the remote machine?

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  • Oracle Coherence, Split-Brain and Recovery Protocols In Detail

    - by Ricardo Ferreira
    This article provides a high level conceptual overview of Split-Brain scenarios in distributed systems. It will focus on a specific example of cluster communication failure and recovery in Oracle Coherence. This includes a discussion on the witness protocol (used to remove failed cluster members) and the panic protocol (used to resolve Split-Brain scenarios). Note that the removal of cluster members does not necessarily indicate a Split-Brain condition. Oracle Coherence does not (and cannot) detect a Split-Brain as it occurs, the condition is only detected when cluster members that previously lost contact with each other regain contact. Cluster Topology and Configuration In order to create an good didactic for the article, let's assume a cluster topology and configuration. In this example we have a six member cluster, consisting of one JVM on each physical machine. The member IDs are as follows: Member ID  IP Address  1  10.149.155.76  2  10.149.155.77  3  10.149.155.236  4  10.149.155.75  5  10.149.155.79  6  10.149.155.78 Members 1, 2, and 3 are connected to a switch, and members 4, 5, and 6 are connected to a second switch. There is a link between the two switches, which provides network connectivity between all of the machines. Member 1 is the first member to join this cluster, thus making it the senior member. Member 6 is the last member to join this cluster. Here is a log snippet from Member 6 showing the complete member set: 2010-02-26 15:27:57.390/3.062 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=main, member=6): Started DefaultCacheServer... SafeCluster: Name=cluster:0xDDEB Group{Address=224.3.5.3, Port=35465, TTL=4} MasterMemberSet ( ThisMember=Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) OldestMember=Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) ActualMemberSet=MemberSet(Size=6, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=2, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:17.847, Address=10.149.155.77:8088, MachineId=1101, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:296, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=5, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:49.095, Address=10.149.155.79:8088, MachineId=1103, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:3229, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) ) RecycleMillis=120000 RecycleSet=MemberSet(Size=0, BitSetCount=0 ) ) At approximately 15:30, the connection between the two switches is severed: Thirty seconds later (the default packet timeout in development mode) the logs indicate communication failures across the cluster. In this example, the communication failure was caused by a network failure. In a production setting, this type of communication failure can have many root causes, including (but not limited to) network failures, excessive GC, high CPU utilization, swapping/virtual memory, and exceeding maximum network bandwidth. In addition, this type of failure is not necessarily indicative of a split brain. Any communication failure will be logged in this fashion. Member 2 logs a communication failure with Member 5: 2010-02-26 15:30:32.638/196.928 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=PacketPublisher, member=2): Timeout while delivering a packet; requesting the departure confirmation for Member(Id=5, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:49.095, Address=10.149.155.79:8088, MachineId=1103, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:3229, Role=CoherenceServer) by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) ) The Coherence clustering protocol (TCMP) is a reliable transport mechanism built on UDP. In order for the protocol to be reliable, it requires an acknowledgement (ACK) for each packet delivered. If a packet fails to be acknowledged within the configured timeout period, the Coherence cluster member will log a packet timeout (as seen in the log message above). When this occurs, the cluster member will consult with other members to determine who is at fault for the communication failure. If the witness members agree that the suspect member is at fault, the suspect is removed from the cluster. If the witnesses unanimously disagree, the accuser is removed. This process is known as the witness protocol. Since Member 2 cannot communicate with Member 5, it selects two witnesses (Members 1 and 4) to determine if the communication issue is with Member 5 or with itself (Member 2). However, Member 4 is on the switch that is no longer accessible by Members 1, 2 and 3; thus a packet timeout for member 4 is recorded as well: 2010-02-26 15:30:35.648/199.938 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=PacketPublisher, member=2): Timeout while delivering a packet; requesting the departure confirmation for Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) ) Member 1 has the ability to confirm the departure of member 4, however Member 6 cannot as it is also inaccessible. At the same time, Member 3 sends a request to remove Member 6, which is followed by a report from Member 3 indicating that Member 6 has departed the cluster: 2010-02-26 15:30:35.706/199.996 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=2): MemberLeft request for Member 6 received from Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer) 2010-02-26 15:30:35.709/199.999 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=2): MemberLeft notification for Member 6 received from Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer) The log for Member 3 determines how Member 6 departed the cluster: 2010-02-26 15:30:35.161/191.694 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=PacketPublisher, member=3): Timeout while delivering a packet; requesting the departure confirmation for Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=2, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:17.847, Address=10.149.155.77:8088, MachineId=1101, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:296, Role=CoherenceServer) ) 2010-02-26 15:30:35.165/191.698 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=Cluster, member=3): Member departure confirmed by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=2, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:17.847, Address=10.149.155.77:8088, MachineId=1101, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:296, Role=CoherenceServer) ); removing Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) In this case, Member 3 happened to select two witnesses that it still had connectivity with (Members 1 and 2) thus resulting in a simple decision to remove Member 6. Given the departure of Member 6, Member 2 is left with a single witness to confirm the departure of Member 4: 2010-02-26 15:30:35.713/200.003 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=Cluster, member=2): Member departure confirmed by MemberSet(Size=1, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) ); removing Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) In the meantime, Member 4 logs a missing heartbeat from the senior member. This message is also logged on Members 5 and 6. 2010-02-26 15:30:07.906/150.453 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=PacketListenerN, member=4): Scheduled senior member heartbeat is overdue; rejoining multicast group. Next, Member 4 logs a TcpRing failure with Member 2, thus resulting in the termination of Member 2: 2010-02-26 15:30:21.421/163.968 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D4> (thread=Cluster, member=4): TcpRing: Number of socket exceptions exceeded maximum; last was "java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out"; removing the member: 2 For quick process termination detection, Oracle Coherence utilizes a feature called TcpRing which is a sparse collection of TCP/IP-based connections between different members in the cluster. Each member in the cluster is connected to at least one other member, which (if at all possible) is running on a different physical box. This connection is not used for any data transfer, only heartbeat communications are sent once a second per each link. If a certain number of exceptions are thrown while trying to re-establish a connection, the member throwing the exceptions is removed from the cluster. Member 5 logs a packet timeout with Member 3 and cites witnesses Members 4 and 6: 2010-02-26 15:30:29.791/165.037 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=PacketPublisher, member=5): Timeout while delivering a packet; requesting the departure confirmation for Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer) by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) ) 2010-02-26 15:30:29.798/165.044 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=Cluster, member=5): Member departure confirmed by MemberSet(Size=2, BitSetCount=2 Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:58.635, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) ); removing Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer) Eventually we are left with two distinct clusters consisting of Members 1, 2, 3 and Members 4, 5, 6, respectively. In the latter cluster, Member 4 is promoted to senior member. The connection between the two switches is restored at 15:33. Upon the restoration of the connection, the cluster members immediately receive cluster heartbeats from the two senior members. In the case of Members 1, 2, and 3, the following is logged: 2010-02-26 15:33:14.970/369.066 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=Cluster, member=1): The member formerly known as Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:30:35.341, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) has been forcefully evicted from the cluster, but continues to emit a cluster heartbeat; henceforth, the member will be shunned and its messages will be ignored. Likewise for Members 4, 5, and 6: 2010-02-26 15:33:14.343/336.890 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=Cluster, member=4): The member formerly known as Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:30:31.64, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) has been forcefully evicted from the cluster, but continues to emit a cluster heartbeat; henceforth, the member will be shunned and its messages will be ignored. This message indicates that a senior heartbeat is being received from members that were previously removed from the cluster, in other words, something that should not be possible. For this reason, the recipients of these messages will initially ignore them. After several iterations of these messages, the existence of multiple clusters is acknowledged, thus triggering the panic protocol to reconcile this situation. When the presence of more than one cluster (i.e. Split-Brain) is detected by a Coherence member, the panic protocol is invoked in order to resolve the conflicting clusters and consolidate into a single cluster. The protocol consists of the removal of smaller clusters until there is one cluster remaining. In the case of equal size clusters, the one with the older Senior Member will survive. Member 1, being the oldest member, initiates the protocol: 2010-02-26 15:33:45.970/400.066 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Warning> (thread=Cluster, member=1): An existence of a cluster island with senior Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) containing 3 nodes have been detected. Since this Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) is the senior of an older cluster island, the panic protocol is being activated to stop the other island's senior and all junior nodes that belong to it. Member 3 receives the panic: 2010-02-26 15:33:45.803/382.336 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Error> (thread=Cluster, member=3): Received panic from senior Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer) caused by Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer) Member 4, the senior member of the younger cluster, receives the kill message from Member 3: 2010-02-26 15:33:44.921/367.468 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Error> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Received a Kill message from a valid Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer); stopping cluster service. In turn, Member 4 requests the departure of its junior members 5 and 6: 2010-02-26 15:33:44.921/367.468 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Error> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Received a Kill message from a valid Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer); stopping cluster service. 2010-02-26 15:33:43.343/349.015 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Error> (thread=Cluster, member=6): Received a Kill message from a valid Member(Id=4, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:39.574, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer); stopping cluster service. Once Members 4, 5, and 6 restart, they rejoin the original cluster with senior member 1. The log below is from Member 4. Note that it receives a different member id when it rejoins the cluster. 2010-02-26 15:33:44.921/367.468 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Error> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Received a Kill message from a valid Member(Id=3, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:24.892, Address=10.149.155.236:8088, MachineId=1260, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:32459, Role=CoherenceServer); stopping cluster service. 2010-02-26 15:33:46.921/369.468 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Service Cluster left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Invocation:InvocationService, member=4): Service InvocationService left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=OptimisticCache, member=4): Service OptimisticCache left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=ReplicatedCache, member=4): Service ReplicatedCache left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=DistributedCache, member=4): Service DistributedCache left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Invocation:Management, member=4): Service Management left the cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member 6 left service Management with senior member 5 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member 6 left service DistributedCache with senior member 5 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member 6 left service ReplicatedCache with senior member 5 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member 6 left service OptimisticCache with senior member 5 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member 6 left service InvocationService with senior member 5 2010-02-26 15:33:47.046/369.593 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=4): Member(Id=6, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:33:47.046, Address=10.149.155.78:8088, MachineId=1102, Location=process:228, Role=CoherenceServer) left Cluster with senior member 4 2010-02-26 15:33:49.218/371.765 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=main, member=n/a): Restarting cluster 2010-02-26 15:33:49.421/371.968 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <D5> (thread=Cluster, member=n/a): Service Cluster joined the cluster with senior service member n/a 2010-02-26 15:33:49.625/372.172 Oracle Coherence GE 3.5.3/465p2 <Info> (thread=Cluster, member=n/a): This Member(Id=5, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:33:50.499, Address=10.149.155.75:8088, MachineId=1099, Location=process:800, Role=CoherenceServer, Edition=Grid Edition, Mode=Development, CpuCount=2, SocketCount=1) joined cluster "cluster:0xDDEB" with senior Member(Id=1, Timestamp=2010-02-26 15:27:06.931, Address=10.149.155.76:8088, MachineId=1100, Location=site:usdhcp.oraclecorp.com,machine:dhcp-burlington6-4fl-east-10-149,process:511, Role=CoherenceServer, Edition=Grid Edition, Mode=Development, CpuCount=2, SocketCount=2) Cool isn't it?

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  • List of all states from COMPOSITE_INSTANCE, CUBE_INSTANCE, DLV_MESSAGE tables

    - by Deepak Arora
    In many of my engagements I get asked repeatedly about the states of the composites in 11g and how to decipher them, especially when we are troubleshooting issues around purging. I have compiled a list of all the states from the COMPOSITE_INSTANCE, CUBE_INSTANCE, DLV_MESSAGE and MEDIATOR_INSTANCE tables. These are the primary tables that are used when using BPEL composites and how they are used with the ECID.  Composite State Values COMPOSITE_INSTANCE States State Description 0 Running 1 Completed 2 Running with faults 3 Completed with faults 4 Running with recovery required 5 Completed with recovery required 6 Running with faults and recovery required 7 Completed with faults and recovery required 8 Running with suspended 9 Completed with suspended 10 Running with faults and suspended 11 Completed with faults and suspended 12 Running with recovery required and suspended 13 Completed with recovery required and suspended 14 Running with faults, recovery required, and suspended 15 Completed with faults, recovery required, and suspended 16 Running with terminated 17 Completed with terminated 18 Running with faults and terminated 19 Completed with faults and terminated 20 Running with recovery required and terminated 21 Completed with recovery required and terminated 22 Running with faults, recovery required, and terminated 23 Completed with faults, recovery required, and terminated 24 Running with suspended and terminated 25 Completed with suspended and terminated 26 Running with faulted, suspended, and terminated 27 Completed with faulted, suspended, and terminated 28 Running with recovery required, suspended, and terminated 29 Completed with recovery required, suspended, and terminated 30 Running with faulted, recovery required, suspended, and terminated 31 Completed with faulted, recovery required, suspended, and terminated 32 Unknown 64 - Normal 0 false false false EN-CA X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Any value in the range of 32 to 63 indicates that the composite instance state has not been enabled, but the instance state is updated for faults, aborts, etc. CUBE_INSTANCE States State Description 0 STATE_INITIATED 1 STATE_OPEN_RUNNING 2 STATE_OPEN_SUSPENDED 3 STATE_OPEN_FAULTED 4 STATE_CLOSED_PENDING_CANCEL 5 STATE_CLOSED_COMPLETED 6 STATE_CLOSED_FAULTED 7 STATE_CLOSED_CANCELLED 8 STATE_CLOSED_ABORTED 9 STATE_CLOSED_STALE 10 STATE_CLOSED_ROLLED_BACK DLV_MESSAGE States State Description 0 STATE_UNRESOLVED 1 STATE_RESOLVED 2 STATE_HANDLED 3 STATE_CANCELLED 4 STATE_MAX_RECOVERED Since now in 11g the Invoke_Messages table is not there so to distinguish between a new message (Invoke) and callback (DLV) and there is DLV_TYPE column that defines the type of message: DLV_TYPE States State Description 1 Invoke Message 2 DLV Message MEDIATOR_INSTANCE STATE Description  0  No faults but there still might be running instances  1  At least one case is aborted by user  2  At least one case is faulted (non-recoverable)  3  At least one case is faulted and one case is aborted  4  At least one case is in recovery required state  5 At least one case is in recovery required state and at least one is aborted  6 At least one case is in recovery required state and at least one is faulted  7 At least one case is in recovery required state, one faulted and one aborted  >=8 and < 16  Running >= 16   Stale In my next blog posting I will walk through the lifecycle of a BPEL process using the above states for the following use cases: - New BPEL process - initial Receive activity - Callback BPEL process - mid-level Receive activity As always comments and questions welcome! Deepak

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  • Ubuntu-one syncs single files, but not directories [closed]

    - by Luiz Cláudio Duarte
    I'm using Ubuntu 10.10, fully updated. I have tried to sync my ~/Documents and ~/Pictures folders; U1 replicates the directory structure, but no files are uploaded. Next I tried to sync a single file inside ~/Ubuntu One and it was synced. Then I tried to put a directory inside ~/Ubuntu One and, again, the directory structure was replicated, but no files were synced. All the files have the "syncing" icon, however. The latest syncdaemon.log is below: 2011-03-30 07:41:50,752 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.fsm - INFO - loading updated metadata 2011-03-30 07:41:55,081 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.fsm - INFO - initialized: idx_path: 266, idx_node_id: 266, shares: 1 2011-03-30 07:41:55,082 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.GeneralINotProc - INFO - Ignoring files: ['\\A#.*\\Z', '\\A.*~\\Z', '\\A.*\\.py[oc]\\Z', '\\A.*\\.sw[nopx]\\Z', '\\A.*\\.swpx\\Z', '\\A\\..*\\.tmp\\Z'] 2011-03-30 07:41:55,083 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.HQ - INFO - HashQueue: _hasher started 2011-03-30 07:41:55,902 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - DBusInterface initialized. 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/Ubuntu One' as root dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/.local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon' as data dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/.local/share/ubuntuone/shares' as shares root dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'INIT' (queues IDLE connection 'Not User Not Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:41:55,904 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - Local rescan starting... 2011-03-30 07:41:55,904 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - start scan all volumes 2011-03-30 07:41:55,906 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - processing trash 2011-03-30 07:41:56,044 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - processing move limbo 2011-03-30 07:41:56,491 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - Local rescan finished! 2011-03-30 07:41:56,492 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - hash queue empty. We are ready! 2011-03-30 07:42:15,583 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - u'CredentialsFound': callbacking with credentials (token_name: None). 2011-03-30 07:42:15,584 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - connect: credential request was successful, pushing SYS_USER_CONNECT. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,617 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - Connection started to host fs-1.one.ubuntu.com, port 443. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,977 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - Connection made. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,978 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.StorageClient - INFO - Connection made. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,581 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'protocol_version' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,774 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'caps_raising_if_not_accepted' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,966 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'caps_raising_if_not_accepted' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:17,722 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'oauth_authenticate' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:17,723 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - NOTE - Session ID: '563bc960-35fa-4f44-b9b6-125819656dc3' 2011-03-30 07:42:19,258 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'list_volumes' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:43:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:45:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:47:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:49:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:51:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ----

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  • SQL SERVER – ERROR – FIX – Msg 3702, Level 16, State 3, Line 1 Cannot drop database “MyDBName” because it is currently in use

    - by pinaldave
    I often go to do various seminars and presentations at various organizations. During presentations I often create and drop various databases for demonstrations purpose. Recently in one of the presentations, I tried to remove my recently created database, I got following error. Msg 3702, Level 16, State 3, Line 1 Cannot drop database “MyDBName” because it is currently in use. The reason was very simple as my database was in use by another session or window. I had option that I should go and find open session and close it right away; later followed by dropping the database. As I was in rush I quickly wrote down following code and I was able to successfully drop the database. USE MASTER GO ALTER DATABASE MyDBName SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE; DROP DATABASE MyDBName GO Please note that I am doing all this on my demonstrations, do not run above code on production without proper approvals and supervisions. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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