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  • How to add a custom loglevel to Python's logging facility

    - by tuergeist
    Hi, I'd like to have loglevel TRACE (5) for my application as I don't think that debug() is enought. Additionally log(5, msg) isn't what I want. The question is, how can I add a custom log level to a Python logger? Actually I've a mylogger.py with the following content: import logging @property def log(obj): myLogger = logging.getLogger(obj.__class__.__name__) return myLogger In my code I use it in the following way: class ExampleClass(object): from mylogger import log def __init__(self): '''The constructor with the logger''' self.log.debug("Init runs") Now I'd like to call self.log.trace("foo bar") Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • list python package dependencies without loading them ?

    - by Denis
    Say that python package A requires B, C and D; is there a way to list A → B C D without loading them ? Requires in the metadata (yolk -M A) are often incomplete, grr. One can download A.tar / A.egg, then look through A/setup.py, but some of those are pretty gory. (I'd have thought that getting at least first-level dependencies could be mechanized; even a 98 % solution would be better than avalanching downloads.) A related question: pip-upgrade-package-without-upgrading-dependencies

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  • How to define 2-bit numbers in C, if possible?

    - by Eddy
    For my university process I'm simulating a process called random sequential adsorption. One of the things I have to do involves randomly depositing squares (which cannot overlap) onto a lattice until there is no more room left, repeating the process several times in order to find the average 'jamming' coverage %. Basically I'm performing operations on a large array of integers, of which 3 possible values exist: 0, 1 and 2. The sites marked with '0' are empty, the sites marked with '1' are full. Initially the array is defined like this: int i, j; int n = 1000000000; int array[n][n]; for(j = 0; j < n; j++) { for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { array[i][j] = 0; } } Say I want to deposit 5*5 squares randomly on the array (that cannot overlap), so that the squares are represented by '1's. This would be done by choosing the x and y coordinates randomly and then creating a 5*5 square of '1's with the topleft point of the square starting at that point. I would then mark sites near the square as '2's. These represent the sites that are unavailable since depositing a square at those sites would cause it to overlap an existing square. This process would continue until there is no more room left to deposit squares on the array (basically, no more '0's left on the array) Anyway, to the point. I would like to make this process as efficient as possible, by using bitwise operations. This would be easy if I didn't have to mark sites near the squares. I was wondering whether creating a 2-bit number would be possible, so that I can account for the sites marked with '2'. Sorry if this sounds really complicated, I just wanted to explain why I want to do this.

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  • How do I write raw binary data in Python?

    - by Chris B.
    I've got a Python program that stores and writes data to a file. The data is raw binary data, stored internally as str. I'm writing it out through a utf-8 codec. However, I get UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x8d in position 25: character maps to <undefined> in the cp1252.py file. This looks to me like Python is trying to interpret the data using the default code page. But it doesn't have a default code page. That's why I'm using str, not unicode. I guess my questions are: How do I represent raw binary data in memory, in Python? When I'm writing raw binary data out through a codec, how do I encode/unencode it?

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  • What is __path__ useful for?

    - by Jason Baker
    I had never noticed the __path__ attribute that gets defined on some of my packages before today. According to the documentation: Packages support one more special attribute, __path__. This is initialized to be a list containing the name of the directory holding the package’s __init__.py before the code in that file is executed. This variable can be modified; doing so affects future searches for modules and subpackages contained in the package. While this feature is not often needed, it can be used to extend the set of modules found in a package. Could somebody explain to me what exactly this means and why I would ever want to use it?

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  • Porting library from Java to Python

    - by Mike Griffith
    I'm about to port a smallish library from Java to Python and wanted some advice (smallish ~ a few thousand lines of code). I've studied the Java code a little, and noticed some design patterns that are common in both languages. However, there were definitely some Java-only idioms (singletons, etc) present that are generally not-well-received in Python-world. I know at least one tool (j2py) exists that will turn a .java file into a .py file by walking the AST. Some initial experimentation yielded less than favorable results. Should I even be considering using an automated tool to generate some code, or are the languages different enough that any tool would create enough re-work to have justified writing from scratch? If tools aren't the devil, are there any besides j2py that can at least handle same-project import management? I don't expect any tool to match 3rd party libraries from one language to a substitute in another.

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  • How to display more things in admin.StackedInline

    - by FurtiveFelon
    Hi all, I have Article model and a Comment model. Comment is created in admin.py as admin.StackedInline, and it has several fields, notably content and lastUpdate. For lastUpdate, i have specified as follows: lastUpdate = models.DateTimeField('last update', auto_now=True). Understandably, lastUpdate is not displayed when i try to add new comment (or edit old ones). However, i would like it to display for older comments if possible, as a read only thing. Is there anyway of accomplishing that? Thanks a lot! Jason

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  • Django: Data corrupted after loading? (possible programmer error)

    - by Rosarch
    I may be loading data the wrong way. excerpt of data.json: { "pk": "1", "model": "myapp.Course", "fields": { "name": "Introduction to Web Design", "requiredFor": [9], "offeringSchool": 1, "pre_reqs": [], "offeredIn": [1, 5, 9] } }, I run python manage.py loaddata -v2 data: Installed 36 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) Then, I go to check the above object using the Django shell: >>> info = Course.objects.filter(id=1) >>> info.get().pre_reqs.all() [<Course: Intermediate Web Programming>] # WRONG! There should be no pre-reqs >>> from django.core import serializers >>> serializers.serialize("json", info) '[{"pk": 1, "model": "Apollo.course", "fields": {"pre_reqs": [11], "offeredIn": [1, 5, 9], "offeringSchool": 1, "name": "Introduction to Web Design", "requiredFor": [9]}}]' The serialized output of the model is not the same as the input that was given to loaddata. The output has a non-empty pre_req list, whereas the input's pre_reqs field is empty. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Utilizing multiple python projects

    - by Marcin Cylke
    Hi I have a python app, that I'm developing. There is a need to use another library, that resides in different directory. The file layout looks like this: dir X has two project dirs: current-project xLibrary I'd like to use xLibrary in currentProject. I've been trying writting code as if all the sources resided in the same directory and calling my projects main script with: PYTHONPATH=.:../xLibrary ./current-project.py but this does not work. I'd like to use its code base without installing the library globaly or copying it to my project's directory. Is it possible? Or if not, how should I deal with this problem.

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  • Google App Engine says "Must authenticate first." while trying to deploy any app

    - by Oleksandr Bolotov
    Google App Engine says "Must authenticate first." while trying to deploy any app: me@myhost /opt/google_appengine $ python appcfg.py update ~/sda2/workspace/lyapapam/ Application: lyapapam; version: 1. Server: appengine.google.com. Scanning files on local disk. Scanned 500 files. Scanned 1000 files. Initiating update. Email: <my_email_was_here>@gmail.com Password for <my_email_was_here>@gmail.com: Error 401: --- begin server output --- Must authenticate first. --- end server output --- We are getting this message with any appliation and under any developer account avialable to us That's what we have installed: App Engine SDK - 1.3.2 PIL - 1.1.7 Python - 2.5.5 pip - 0.6.3 ssl - 1.15 wsgiref - 0.1.2 How can I fix it? Is it well known problem?

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  • Library for Dataflow in C

    - by msutherl
    How can I do dataflow (pipes and filters, stream processing, flow based) in C? And not with UNIX pipes. I recently came across stream.py. Streams are iterables with a pipelining mechanism to enable data-flow programming and easy parallelization. The idea is to take the output of a function that turns an iterable into another iterable and plug that as the input of another such function. While you can already do this using function composition, this package provides an elegant notation for it by overloading the operator. I would like to duplicate a simple version of this kind of functionality in C. I particularly like the overloading of the operator to avoid function composition mess. Wikipedia points to this hint from a Usenet post in 1990. Why C? Because I would like to be able to do this on microcontrollers and in C extensions for other high level languages (Max, Pd*, Python). * (ironic given that Max and Pd were written, in C, specifically for this purpose – I'm looking for something barebones)

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  • Python preprocessing imports

    - by FiloSottile
    I am managing a quite large python code base (2000 lines) that I want anyway to be available as a single runnable python script. So I am searching for a method or a tool to merge a development folder, made of different python files into a single running script. The thing/method I am searching for should take code split into different files, maybe with a starting __init___.py file that contains the imports and merge it into a single, big script. Much like a preprocessor. Best if a near-native way, better if I can anyway run from the dev folder. I have already checked out pypp and pypreprocessor but they don't seem to take the point. Something like a strange use of __import__() or maybe a bunch of from foo import * replaced by the preprocessor with the code? Obviously I only want to merge my directory and not common libraries.

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  • Can you make a python script behave differently when imported than when run directly?

    - by futuraprime
    I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example: def parseData(filename): # data parsing code here return data def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction(): print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4) the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

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  • AppEngine GeoPt Data Upload

    - by Eric Landry
    I'm writing a GAE app in Java and only using Python for the data upload. I'm trying to import a CSV file that looks like this: POSTAL_CODE_ID,PostalCode,City,Province,ProvinceCode,CityType,Latitude,Longitude 1,A0E2Z0,Monkstown,Newfoundland,NL,D,47.150300000000001,-55.299500000000002 I was able to import this file in my datastore if I import Latitude and Longitude as floats, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to import lat and lng as a GeoPt. Here is my loader.py file: import datetime from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.tools import bulkloader class PostalCode(db.Model): id = db.IntegerProperty() postal_code = db.PostalAddressProperty() city = db.StringProperty() province = db.StringProperty() province_code = db.StringProperty() city_type = db.StringProperty() lat = db.FloatProperty() lng = db.FloatProperty() class PostalCodeLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'PostalCode', [('id', int), ('postal_code', str), ('city', str), ('province', str), ('province_code', str), ('city_type', str), ('lat', float), ('lng', float) ]) loaders = [PostalCodeLoader] I think that the two db.FloatProperty() lines should be replaced with a db.GeoPtProperty(), but that's where my trail ends. I'm very new to Python so any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Django form to enter/save html to database

    - by Ian
    I'm in my first week of Django development and am working on an admin page that will let me write some quick html using TinyMCE and then save it to the database. I don't need to display this web page on the site or add it to urls.py, etc. The html snippet will be loaded from the database and used in a view function. I've read in "Practical Django Projects" how to integrate TinyMCE, so my question is more concerned with the best approach for the form itself. Specifically: 1. Is there a built-in form like flatpage that works well for this? I only need one field in the form for the html. 2. How do I save the form's text after it's entered? I created a model with a JSONField to save the html in, but I'm not clear on what to do next. Thanks.

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  • jEdit+JythonInterpreter: how to import java class?

    - by JChao
    Hi, I'm running jEdit with the JythonInterprete and I have a .jar file called JavaTest.jar. JavaTest has a class called SampleJavaClass which has a method printerCount. From my .py file, I want to do: from javatest import SampleJavaClass class SampleClass(SampleJavaClass): def pymain(self): SampleJavaClass.printerCount(4) Java code: package javatest; public class SampleJavaClass { public static void printerCount(int i){ for(int j=0; j< i; j++){ System.out.println("hello world"); } } (etc...) In the JythonInterpreter, I have already tried clicking "Edit Jython Path" and adding the .jar file then running the interpreter again, but it still gives me ImportError: cannot import name SampleJavaClass

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  • Using Python, How to copy files in 'temporary internet files' folder in Windows

    - by pythBegin
    I am using this code to find files recursively in a folder , with size greater than 50000 bytes. def listall(parent): lis=[] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(parent): for name in files: if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: lis.append(os.path.join(root,name)) return lis This is working fine. But when I used this on 'temporary internet files' folder in windows, am getting this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module> listall(a) File "<pyshell#2>", line 5, in listall if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: File "C:\Python26\lib\genericpath.py", line 49, in getsize return os.stat(filename).st_size WindowsError: [Error 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\khedarnatha\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.IE5\\EDS8C2V7\\??????+1[1].jpg' I think this is because windows gives names with special characters in this specific folder... Please help to sort out this issue.

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  • Check something before django server starts

    - by Vijay Shankar Kalyanaraman
    I am running my api behind a django server and say I have a one time token that is needed by the django application and used through out its existence until the process quits. To check if I can proceed and serve requests (using the django server) I need to validate this token against a database entry. Now, I can have a script that hits the db, then issues the run server command if the token is valid. But if the db used by the django applications change, I will have to change the script also to point to the same db. Is there a way I can pass this token into the runserver command as an additional parameter (along with hostname:port) and validate this before django serves any requests? How can I access this parameter that is sent into ./manage.py runserver. Thanks.

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  • How do I protect python code?

    - by Jordfräs
    I am developing a piece of software in python that will be distributed to my employer's customers. My employer wants to limit the usage of the software with a time restricted license file. If we distribute the .py files or even .pyc files it will be easy to (decompile), and remove the code that checks the license file. Another aspect is that my employer do not want the code to be read by our customers, fearing that the code may be stolen or at least the "novel ideas". Is there a good way to handle this problem? Preferably with an off-the-shelf solution. The software will run on Linux systems (so I don't think py2exe will do the trick)

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  • difference between 2 pieces Python code

    - by draw
    Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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  • Connect to a DB with an encrypted password with Django?

    - by Liam
    My place of employment requires that all passwords must be encrypted, including the ones used to connect to a database. What's the best way of handling this? I'm using the development version of Django with MySQL at the moment, but I will be eventually migrating to Oracle. Is this a job for Django, or the database? Edit: The encrypted password should be stored in the settings.py file, or somewhere else in the filesystem. This is the password that will be used to connect to the database.

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  • Can Django flush its database(s) between every unit test

    - by mikem
    Django (1.2 beta) will reset the database(s) between every test that runs, meaning each test runs on an empty DB. However, the database(s) are not flushed. One of the effects of flushing the database is the auto_increment counters are reset. Consider a test which pulls data out of the database by primary key: class ChangeLogTest(django.test.TestCase): def test_one(self): do_something_which_creates_two_log_entries() log = LogEntry.objects.get(id=1) assert_log_entry_correct(log) log = LogEntry.objects.get(id=2) assert_log_entry_correct(log) This will pass because only two log entries were ever created. However, if another test is added to ChangeLogTest and it happens to run before test_one, the primary keys of the log entries are no longer 1 and 2, they might be 2 and 3. Now test_one fails. This is actually a two part question: Is it possible to force ./manage.py test to flush the database between each test case? Since Django doesn't flush the DB between each test by default, maybe there is a good reason. Does anyone know?

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  • How can I convert spaces to tabs in Vim or Linux?

    - by cwd
    I've looked over several questions on Stack Overflow for how to convert spaces to tabs without finding what I need. There seem to be more questions about how to convert tabs to spaces, but I'm trying to do the opposite. In Vim I've tried :retab and :retab! without luck, but I believe those are actually for going from tabs to spaces anyways. I tried both expand and unexpand at the command prompt without any luck. Here is the file in question: http://gdata-python-client.googlecode.com/hg-history/a9ed9edefd61a0ba0e18c43e448472051821003a/samples/docs/docs_v3_example.py How can I convert leading spaces to tabs using either Vim or the shell?

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  • Django shell command to change a value in json data

    - by crozzfire
    I am a django newbie and i was playing around in django's manage.py shell. Here is something i am trying in the shell: >>> data [{'primary_program': False, 'id': 3684}, {'primary_program': True, 'id': 3685}] >>> data[0] {'primary_program': False, 'id': 3684} >>> data[1] {'primary_program': True, 'id': 3685} >>> data[0].values() [False, 3684] >>> data[1].values() [True, 3685] >>> How should i give a command here to update the value of primary_program in data[1] to False and keep the rest of the json the same?

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  • SVN tool to rebase a branch in git style

    - by timmow
    Are there any tools available that will let me rebase in git style an SVN branch onto a new parent? So, in the following situation, I create a feature branch, and there are commits to the trunk E---F---G Feature / A---B---C---D--H--I trunk I'm looking for a tool which copies the trunk, and applies the commits one by one, letting me resolve any conflicts if any exist - but each commit retains the same commit message, and is still a separate commit. E'---F'---G' Feature / A---B---C---D--H--I trunk So commit E' will be a commit with the same changes as E, except in the case of E causing a conflict, in which case E' will differ from E in that E' has the conflicts resolved, and the same commit message as E. I'm looking for this as it helps in keeping branches up to date with trunk - the svnmerge.py / mergeinfo way does not help, as you still need to resolve your changes when you merge back to trunk.

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