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  • RoR ActiveRecord f.select nil method error

    - by sellis6688
    Whenever I use an f.select statement to determine assignment_id(or student_id), and I should get a validation error, I get this error instead of the validation message: You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of Array. The error occurred while evaluating nil.collect Extracted source (around line #11): 8: </p> 9: <p> 10: <%= f.label 'Assignment:' %><br /> 11: <%= f.select(:assignment_id, @assignments.collect {|p| [p.ass_num, p.id]})%> 12: </p> 13: <p> 14: <%= f.label 'First Student:' %><br /> My grades model: class Grade < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :students belongs_to :assignment validates_presence_of :score, :assignment_id, :student_id validates_numericality_of :score, :greater_than_or_equal_to => 0, :less_than_or_equal_to => 100, :allow_nil => true validates_uniqueness_of :student_id, :scope => :assignment_id end If I use a text_field, I don't get the error... but there's far too many students for that. Neither @assignments nor @students are nil. Any suggestions?

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  • Actionscript - combining AS2 assets into a single SWF

    - by Justin Bachorik
    Hi guys, I have a flash project that I'm trying to export as a single SWF. There's a main SWF file that loads about 6 other SWFs, and both the main and the child SWFs reference other external assets (images, sounds, etc). I'd like to package everything as a single .swf file so I don't have to tote the other assets around with the .swf. All the coding is done in the timeline, but the assets haven't been imported into the Flash Authoring environment and I don't have time to do that right now (there are too many references to them everywhere). I'm hoping that there's just an option I'm missing that allows this sort of packaged export, but I haven't found anything like that. I don't have access to Flex or mxmlc (and as the AS is timeline-based, they wouldn't necessarily help me). Any thoughts? Thanks! PS...if there's no way of doing exactly what I'm saying, I could deal with having all the assets in a "assets" folder or something like that, so I'd just be toting around main.swf and an assets folder. The problem here is that all the references to the assets assume that they're in the same folder as the main.swf file, so everything's assumed to be local...is there a way to change the scope of all external references in Flash (so, for example, all local references in the code are actually searched in /assets)?

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  • PHP SDK for Facebook: Uploading an Image for an Event created using the Graph API

    - by wenbert
    Can anyone shed some light on my problem? <?php $config = array(); $config['appId'] = "foo"; $config['secret'] = "bar"; $config['cookie'] = true; $config['fileUpload'] = true; $facebook = new Facebook($config); $eventParams = array( "privacy_type" => $this->request->data['Event']['privacy'], "name" => $this->request->data['Event']['event'], "description" => $this->request->data['Event']['details'], "start_time" => $this->request->data['Event']['when'], "country" => "NZ" ); //around 300x300 pixels //I have set the permissions to Everyone $imgpath = "C:\\Yes\\Windows\\Path\\Photo_for_the_event_app.jpg"; $eventParams["@file.jpg"] = "@".$imgpath; $fbEvent = $facebook->api("me/events", "POST", $eventParams); var_dump($fbEvent); //I get the event id I also have this in my "scope" when the user is asked to Allow the app to post on his behalf: user_about_me,email,publish_stream,create_event,photo_upload This works. It creates the event with all the details I have specified. EXCEPT for the event image. I have been to most of Stackoverflow posts related to my problem but all of them are not working for me. (EG: http://stackoverflow.com/a/4245260/66767) I also do not get any error. Any ideas? THanks!

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  • WMI to reboot remote machine

    - by Stephen Murby
    I found this code on an old thread to shutdown the local machine: using System.Management; void Shutdown() { ManagementBaseObject mboShutdown = null; ManagementClass mcWin32 = new ManagementClass("Win32_OperatingSystem"); mcWin32.Get(); // You can't shutdown without security privileges mcWin32.Scope.Options.EnablePrivileges = true; ManagementBaseObject mboShutdownParams = mcWin32.GetMethodParameters("Win32Shutdown"); // Flag 1 means we want to shut down the system. Use "2" to reboot. mboShutdownParams["Flags"] = "1"; mboShutdownParams["Reserved"] = "0"; foreach (ManagementObject manObj in mcWin32.GetInstances()) { mboShutdown = manObj.InvokeMethod("Win32Shutdown", mboShutdownParams, null); } } Is it possible to use a similar WMI method to reboot flag"2" a remote machine, for which i only have machine name, not IPaddress. EDIT: I currently have; SearchResultCollection allMachinesCollected = machineSearch.FindAll(); Methods myMethods = new Methods(); string pcName; ArrayList allComputers = new ArrayList(); foreach (SearchResult oneMachine in allMachinesCollected) { //pcName = oneMachine.Properties.PropertyNames.ToString(); pcName = oneMachine.Properties["name"][0].ToString(); allComputers.Add(pcName); MessageBox.Show(pcName + "has been sent the restart command."); Process.Start("shutdown.exe", "-r -f -t 0 -m \" + pcName); } but this doesn't work, and i would prefer WMI going forward.

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  • What's the "correct way" to organize this project?

    - by user571747
    I'm working on a project that allows multiple users to submit large data files and perform operations on them. The "backend" which performs these operations is written in Perl while the "frontend" uses PHP to load HTML template files and determines which content to deliver. Data is stored in a database (MySQL, SQLite, Oracle) and while there is data which has not yet been acted upon, Perl adds it to a running queue which delivers data to other threads based on system load. In addition, there may be pre- and post-processing of the data before and after the main Perl script operates (the specifications are unclear) so I may want to allow these processors to be user-selectable plugins. I had been writing this project in a more procedural fashion but I am quickly realizing the benefit of separating concerns as to limit the scope one change has on the rest of the project. I'm quite unexperienced with design patterns and am curious what the best way to proceed is. I've heard MVC thrown around quite a bit but I am unsure of how to apply it. Specifically, what are some good options to structure this code (in terms of design patterns and folder hierarchy)? How can I achieve this with both PHP and Perl while minimizing duplicated code between languages? Should I keep my PHP files in the top level so I don't have ugly paths in the URL? Also, if I want to provide interchangeable databases, does each table need its own DAO implementation?

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  • Porting Perl to C++ `print "\x{2501}" x 12;`

    - by jippie
    I am porting a program from Perl to C++ as a learning objective. I arrived at a routine that draws a table with commands like the following: Perl: print "\x{2501}" x 12; And it draws 12 times a '?' ("box drawings heavy horizontal"). Now I figured out part of the problem already: Perl: \x{}, \x00 Hexadecimal escape sequence; C++: \unnnn To print a single Unicode character: C++: printf( "\u250f\n" ); But does C++ have a smart equivalent for the 'x' operator or would it come down to a for loop? UPDATE Let me include the full source code I am trying to compile with the proposed solution. The compiler does throw an errors: g++ -Wall -Werror project.cpp -o project project.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: project.cpp:38:3: error: ‘string’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:38:15: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘s’ project.cpp:39:3: error: ‘cout’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:39:16: error: ‘s’ was not declared in this scope #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) { if ( argc != 2 ) { fprintf( stderr , "usage: %s matrix\n", argv[0] ); exit( 2 ); } else { //std::string s(12, "\u250f" ); std::string s(12, "u" ); std::cout << s; } }

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  • Holding variables in memory, C++

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Today something strange came to my mind. When I want to hold some string in C (C++) the old way, without using string header, I just create array and store that string into it. But, I read that any variable definition in C in local scope of function ends up in pushing these values onto the stack. So, the string is actually 2* bigger than needed. Because first, the push instructions are located in memory, but then when they are executed (pushed onto the stack) another "copy" of the string is created. First the push instructions, than the stack space is used for one string. So, why is it this way? Why doesn't compiler just add the string (or other variables) to the program instead of creating them once again when executed? Yes, I know you cannot just have some data inside program block, but it could just be attached to the end of the program, with some jump instruction before. And than, we would just point to these data? Because they are stored in RAM when the program is executed. Thanks.

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  • template specialization for static member functions; howto?

    - by Rolle
    I am trying to implement a template function with handles void differently using template specialization. The following code gives me an "Explicit specialization in non-namespace scope" in gcc: template <typename T> static T safeGuiCall(boost::function<T ()> _f) { if (_f.empty()) throw GuiException("Function pointer empty"); { ThreadGuard g; T ret = _f(); return ret; } } // template specialization for functions wit no return value template <> static void safeGuiCall<void>(boost::function<void ()> _f) { if (_f.empty()) throw GuiException("Function pointer empty"); { ThreadGuard g; _f(); } } I have tried moving it out of the class (the class is not templated) and into the namespace but then I get the error "Explicit specialization cannot have a storage class". I have read many discussions about this, but people don't seem to agree how to specialize function templates. Any ideas?

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  • Under what circumstances will an entity be able to lazily load its relationships in JPA

    - by Mowgli
    Assuming a Java EE container is being used with JPA persistence and JTA transaction management where EJB and WAR packages are inside a EAR package. Say an entity with lazy-load relationships has just been returned from a JPQL search, such as the getBoats method below: @Stateless public class BoatFacade implements BoatFacadeRemote, BoatFacadeLocal { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "boats") private EntityManager em; @Override public List<Boat> getBoats(Collection<Integer> boatIDs) { if(boatIDs.isEmpty()) { return Collections.<Boat>emptyList(); } Query query = em.createNamedQuery("getAllBoats"); query.setParameter("boatID", boatIDs); List<Boat> boats = query.getResultList(); return boats; } } The entity: @Entity @NamedQuery( name="getAllBoats", query="Select b from Boat b where b.id in : boatID") public class Boat { @Id private long id; @OneToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) private Gun mainGun; public Gun getMainGun() { return mainGun; } } Where will its lazy-load relationships be loadable (assuming the same stateless request): Same JAR: A method in the same EJB A method in another EJB A method in a POJO in the same EJB JAR Same EAR, but outside EJB JAR: A method in a web tier managed bean. A method in a web tier POJO. Different EAR: A method in a different EAR which receives the entity through RMI. What is it that restricts the scope, for example: the JPA transaction, persistence context or JTA transaction?

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  • Behavior of Struts2 and convention-plugin when there is Index(extends ActionSupport)

    - by hanishi
    We have an Action class named 'Index' immediately under com.example.common.action and is annotated @ParentPackage('default') which is declared in package directive in struts.xml and has "/" for its namespace and extends "struts-default". It also declares @Result so that it responses with jsp files corresponding the string values returned by its execute() method. In our struts.xml, the following struts setting is configured along with other necessary configurations that are needed for convention-plugin. <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=","/> When accessing /my_context/none_existing_path, the request apparently hits this Index class and the contents of the jsp declared in the Index's @Result section gets returned. However, if we provide /my_context/, we receive the following error: HTTP Status 404-There is no Action mapped for namespace[/] and action name [] associated with context path [/my_context]. We want to know the reason why accessing /my_context/none_existing_path, where none_existing_path has no matching action, can fallback to Index class, but error is returned when when the URL requested is just /my_context/. Currently, our convention-plugin settings are declared as follows: <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators.basePackage" value="com.example"/> <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action"/> Strangely, if we changed the value of the struts.convention.package.locators.basePackage to om.example.common, in which the aforementioned Index file can be immediately found by narrowing the search scope, requesting /my_context/ displays the content of the jsps declared in @Result section of the Index class. However, as our action classes are distributed throughout the com.example.[a-z].action packages, where [a-z] represents the large volume of directories we have in our package structure, we cannot use this trick as a workaround. We have also tried placing index.jsp at the top level of the class path, and have the index.jsp redirect to /my_context/index, which worked but not what we want. Could this be a bug? We appreciate your responses. Thank you in advance. EDIT: JIRA registered, problem solved (from Struts 2.3.12 up)

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  • Is there an efficient algorithm to distribute resources in a way that both avoids conflict and allows bias?

    - by Steve V.
    Background (Skip this if you only care about the algorithm) At the university where I work, one of the biggest hassles in our department is classroom scheduling. For illustration purposes and to lay out the scope of the problem, here's how we do scheduling now: Professors give us a list of the classes they're teaching with the time slots they'd prefer to teach, ranked in order of priority (most desired to least desired). Administration gives us a list of the rooms we may assign along with the times those rooms are available for our department's use. We start assigning professors to rooms trying (at first) to take into account the preferences of the various professors. Inevitably, conflicts arise, professors start asking for changes, and the plan falls to pieces somewhere around professor number 30, at which point we start assigning rooms basically wherever we can fit them in, crumpled pieces of paper are everywhere, and nobody's happy. (If you've ever wondered why your class was at 9.30 in the morning on Thursday but 4 pm every other day, now you know) I have been asked to quietly investigate whether software could do this more optimally. The Actual Question Is there an algorithm to efficiently schedule a set of resources such that the following criteria are met: The algorithm must never assign two professors to the same room at the same time. The task is not complete until every professor has been assigned a room / time. The algorithm need not worry about having too many professors for the amount of time slots available. (We're not that well funded.) As much as is possible the algorithm should respect the scheduling preferences of the individual professors. I feel like I can't be the first one to ask this. Is there a efficient algorithm for this, or is this the sort of problem that can only be brute-forced?

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  • Google Drive API invalid_grant after removing access

    - by Sparafusile
    I have been writing a desktop application that uses the Google Drive API v2. I have the following code: var credential = GoogleWebAuthorizationBroker.AuthorizeAsync ( new ClientSecrets { ClientId = ClientID, ClientSecret = ClientSecret }, new[] { DriveService.Scope.Drive }, "user", CancellationToken.None ) .Result; this.Service = new DriveService( new BaseClientService.Initializer() { HttpClientInitializer = credential, ApplicationName = "My Test App", } ); var request = this.Service.Files.List(); request.Q = "title = 'foo' and trashed = false"; var result = request.Execute(); The first time I ran this code it opened a browser and asked me to grant permissions to the App, which I did. Everything worked successfully until I realized I was using the wrong Google account. At that point I logged into the wrong Google account and revoked access to my App. Now, whenever I run the same code it throws an exception: Error:"invalid_grant", Description:"", Uri:"" When I examine the service and request objects, it looks like the oauth_token isn't getting created any more. I know what I did to mess things up, but I can't figure out how to correct it so I can use a different Google account for testing. What do I need to do?

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  • SQL - Query range between two dates (NON-VBA)

    - by Mohgeroth
    I see various topics on this around stack overflow but none that fit the contect of MS-Access... Given a starting date and an ending date, is there a way through SQL to return records for each given month within the time frame? EG: Between #1/1/2010# and #12/31/2010# results #1/4/2010# #1/11/2010# ..... #12/27/2010# Restrictions MS-Access 2003 :No Case/Loops inside the SQL (IIF statements are good) This is a view only, NO VBA will be used since the data will not be tampered with. Disconnected recordset is my last option. I would prefer to find out theres some way to call your customized functions in the SQL to help return these values... some class stored on a global scope while you iterate through this date range maybe... Is this possible? I see many no's, but if there was a way to pass a value into a function I could find a way to make this work. Sad that I don't have a way to simulate a stored procedure without using a d/c recordset, at least that I know of... any experts out there know a way?

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  • How to differentiate between method and function in a decorator?

    - by defnull
    I want to write a decorator that acts differently depending on whether it is applied to a function or to a method. def some_decorator(func): if the_magic_happens_here(func): # <---- Point of interest print 'Yay, found a method ^_^ (unbound jet)' else: print 'Meh, just an ordinary function :/' return func class MyClass(object): @some_decorator def method(self): pass @some_decorator def function(): pass I tried inspect.ismethod(), inspect.ismethoddescriptor() and inspect.isfunction() but no luck. The problem is that a method actually is neither a bound nor an unbound method but an ordinary function as long as it is accessed from within the class body. What I really want to do is to delay the actions of the decorator to the point the class is actually instantiated because I need the methods to be callable in their instance scope. For this, I want to mark methods with an attribute and later search for these attributes when the .__new__() method of MyClass is called. The classes for which this decorator should work are required to inherit from a class that is under my control. You can use that fact for your solution. In the case of a normal function the delay is not necessary and the decorator should take action immediately. That is why I wand to differentiate these two cases.

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  • [^.] causing headache in RewriteRule

    - by Ollie2893
    I am struggling with a very basic regex problem in my .htaccess file that I hope someone may be able to shed some light on. The basic premise is that I would like to teach Apache to switch any .html extension into a .var extension. I had thought that the rule would be positively trivial: RewriteRule ^([^.]+)\.html$ $1.var But the [^.] part simply doesn't work. Bizarrely, it works like so RewriteRule ^([^A-Z]+)\.html$ $1.var I do not understand why this latter rule works. Assume I am looking for a file called "index.html" then $1 should match to "index." and the ".html" bit should actually fail to match. To widen the scope of the question slightly, I am actually racking my brain on how to implement a multi-lingual site. I don't like Apache's MultiView option because it forces upon me a flat directory structure with file extensions that aren't recognizable to many development tools. I could go the .var type-map route but am finding that the default config for Apache doesn't support this all that well either (hence my excursions into regex land). So while I am using mod_rewrite, I am thinking that I might go the whole hog: whenever a request for a name.html file is received and this file does not exist, check whether there exists a XX/name.html file instead, where "XX" is the language code according to the user's preferences. This would give me a neater directory structure, though it does perhaps not perform as well as the .var approach in a situation where the language preference of the user's browser is not supported in by my site (in which situation .var would substitute EN or similar). Any thoughts? Thanks.

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  • jQuery: Getting value from input array

    - by betacar
    We have the following form: <form> ... <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" class="datagrid_ppal"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Area 1 <input name="config_line" type="hidden" value="0,5,50" /></th> <td class="gantt"> </td> <td class="gantt"> </td> <td class="gantt"> </td> ... </tr> </tbody> </table width="100%" cellspacing="0" class="datagrid_ppal"> ... <form> What we need is to get the first, second or third from the hidden input value. We have tried this and didn't work: var value = $('th').children('input:hidden').val(); Can anyone help us? We would really appreciate it.

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  • Memory usage of strings (or any other objects) in .Net

    - by ava
    I wrote this little test program: using System; namespace GCMemTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { System.GC.Collect(); System.Diagnostics.Process pmCurrentProcess = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess(); long startBytes = pmCurrentProcess.PrivateMemorySize64; double kbStart = (double)(startBytes) / 1024.0; System.Console.WriteLine("Currently using " + kbStart + "KB."); { int size = 2000000; string[] strings = new string[size]; for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { strings[i] = "blabla" + i; } } System.GC.Collect(); pmCurrentProcess = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess(); long endBytes = pmCurrentProcess.PrivateMemorySize64; double kbEnd = (double)(endBytes) / 1024.0; System.Console.WriteLine("Currently using " + kbEnd + "KB."); System.Console.WriteLine("Leaked " + (kbEnd - kbStart) + "KB."); System.Console.ReadKey(); } } } The output in Release build is: Currently using 18800KB. Currently using 118664KB. Leaked 99864KB. I assume that the GC.collect call will remove the allocated strings since they go out of scope, but it appears it does not. I do not understand nor can I find an explanation for it. Maybe anyone here? Thanks, Alex

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  • How can I compare the performance of log() and fp division in C++?

    - by Ventzi Zhechev
    Hi, I’m using a log-based class in C++ to store very small floating-point values (as the values otherwise go beyond the scope of double). As I’m performing a large number of multiplications, this has the added benefit of converting the multiplications to sums. However, at a certain point in my algorithm, I need to divide a standard double value by an integer value and than do a *= to a log-based value. I have overloaded the *= operator for my log-based class and the right-hand side value is first converted to a log-based value by running log() and than added to the left-hand side value. Thus the operations actually performed are floating-point division, log() and floating-point summation. My question whether it would be faster to first convert the denominator to a log-based value, which would replace the floating-point division with floating-point subtraction, yielding the following chain of operations: twice log(), floating-point subtraction, floating-point summation. In the end, this boils down to whether floating-point division is faster or slower than log(). I suspect that a common answer would be that this is compiler and architecture dependent, so I’ll say that I use gcc 4.2 from Apple on darwin 10.3.0. Still, I hope to get an answer with a general remark on the speed of these two operators and/or an idea on how to measure the difference myself, as there might be more going on here, e.g. executing the constructors that do the type conversion etc. Cheers!

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  • Has inheritance become bad?

    - by mafutrct
    Personally, I think inheritance is a great tool, that, when applied reasonably, can greatly simplify code. However, I seems to me that many modern tools dislike inheritance. Let's take a simple example: Serialize a class to XML. As soon as inheritance is involved, this can easily turn into a mess. Especially if you're trying to serialize a derived class using the base class serializer. Sure, we can work around that. Something like a KnownType attribute and stuff. Besides being an itch in your code that you have to remember to update every time you add a derived class, that fails, too, if you receive a class from outside your scope that was not known at compile time. (Okay, in some cases you can still work around that, for instance using the NetDataContract serializer in .NET. Surely a certain advancement.) In any case, the basic principle still exists: Serialization and inheritance don't mix well. Considering the huge list of programming strategies that became possible and even common in the past decade, I feel tempted to say that inheritance should be avoided in areas that relate to serialization (in particular remoting and databases). Does that make sense? Or am messing things up? How do you handle inheritance and serialization?

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  • Loading specific files from arbitrary directories?

    - by Haydn V. Harach
    I want to load foo.txt. foo.txt might exist in the data/bar/ directory, or it might exist in the data/New Folder/ directory. There might be a different foo.txt in both of these directories, in which case I would want to either load one and ignore the other according to some order that I've sorted the directories by (perhaps manually, perhaps by date of creation), or else load them both and combine the results somehow. The latter (combining the results of both/all foo.txt files) is circumstantial and beyond the scope of this question, but something I want to be able to do in the future. I'm using SDL and boost::filesystem. I want to keep my list of dependencies as small as possible, and as cross-platform as possible. I'm guessing that my best bet would be to get a list of every directory (within the data/ folder), sort/filter this list, then when I go to load foo.txt, I search for it in each potential directory? This sounds like it would be very inefficient, if I have dozens of potential directories to search through every time. What's the best way to go about accomplishing this? Bonus: What if I want some of the directories to be archives? ie. considering both data/foo/ and data/bar.zip to both be valid, and pull foobar.txt from either one without caring.

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  • Why would 1.000 subforms in a db be a bad idea?

    - by KlaymenDK
    Warm-up I'm trying to come up with a good way to implement customized document forms. It's for a tool to request access to applications; each application will want to ask its own specific questions. The thing is, we have one kind of (common) user who needs to fill in and submit documents based on templates, and another kind of (super) user who needs to be able to define what each template needs to contain. One implementation option would be to use a form (with the basic mandatory stuff), and have that form dynamically include a subform appropriate to the specific task at hand. The gist of the matter is that we could (=will!) quite easily end up having many hundreds of different subforms! (NB. These subforms will be maintained in an automated manner, but that is another topic that may be considered outside the scope of this Question.) Question It's common knowledge that having a lot of views in a Notes database is Bad Thing. But has anyone tried pushing the number of forms or subforms and made any experiences regarding performance?

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  • Are programming languages and methods ineffective? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in asemlber form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually trully believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1, Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when adress you desire is further translated before reaching actuall RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Becouse you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect adressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2, Variable allocation duplicitly: When you run aaplication, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actuall instruction for do so, and that actuall number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in fomr of instruction, second in form of actuall bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • Attribute value nil

    - by mridula
    Can someone tell me why is this happening? I have created a social networking website using Ruby on Rails. This is my first time programming with RoR. I have a model named "Friendship" which contains an attribute "blocked" to indicate whether the user has blocked another user. When I run the following in IRB - friendship = u.friendships.where(:friend_id => 22).first IRB gives me - Friendship Load (0.6ms) SELECT `friendships`.* FROM `friendships` WHERE `friendships`.`user_id` = 17 AND `friendships`.`friend_id` = 22 LIMIT 1 => #<Friendship id: 33, user_id: 17, friend_id: 22, created_at: "2012-04-07 10:29:49", updated_at: "2012-04-07 10:29:49", blocked: 1> As u can see, the "blocked" attribute has value '1'. But when I run the following 1.9.2-p290 :030 > friendship.blocked => nil - it says, the value of blocked is 'nil' and not '1'. Why is this happening? This could be a very silly mistake but I am new to RoR, so kindly help me! I initially didn't include the accessor method for 'blocked'.. I tried that, and still its giving the same result.. Following is the Friendship model.. class Friendship < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :friend, :class_name => "User" validates_uniqueness_of :friend_id , :scope => :user_id attr_accessor :blocked attr_accessible :blocked end Here is the schema of the table: 1.9.2-p290 :009 > friendship.class => Friendship(id: integer, user_id: integer, friend_id: integer, created_at: datetime, updated_at: datetime, blocked: integer)

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  • What are the linkage of the following functions?

    - by Derui Si
    When I was reading the c++ 03 standard (7.1.1 Storage class specifiers [dcl.stc]), there are some examples as below, I'm not able to tell how the linkage of each successive declarations is determined? Could anyone help here? Thanks in advance! static char* f(); // f() has internal linkage char* f() { /* ... */ } // f() still has internal linkage char* g(); // g() has external linkage static char* g() { /* ... */ } // error: inconsistent linkage void h(); inline void h(); // external linkage inline void l(); void l(); // external linkage inline void m(); extern void m(); // external linkage static void n(); inline void n(); // internal linkage static int a; // a has internal linkage int a; // error: two definitions static int b; // b has internal linkage extern int b; // b still has internal linkage int c; // c has external linkage static int c; // error: inconsistent linkage extern int d; // d has external linkage static int d; // error: inconsistent linkage UPD: Additionally, how can I understand the statement in the standard, " The linkages implied by successive declarations for a given entity shall agree. That is, within a given scope, each declaration declaring the same object name or the same overloading of a function name shall imply the same linkage. Each function in a given set of overloaded functions can have a different linkage, however."

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  • switch namespace by if condtion

    - by pascal
    Hi, in my C++ program I have several namespaces that contain several pointers with identical names. I then want a function to choose a namespace according to a parameter. I.e. something like: #include <iostream> namespace ns1{ double x[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; } namespace ns2{ double x[5]={6,7,8,9,10}; } int main(){ int b=1; if(b==1){ using namespace ns1; } if(b==2){ using namespace ns2; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } However, this doesn't work since the compiler complains that x isn't known in that scope. I guess the problem is that "using namespace ..." is only valid within the if-statement. I think that it should be possible to switch namespaces somehow, but cannot find out how... Do you know how to do this without casting all variable separately? int main(){ int b=1; double *x; if(b==1){ x = ns1::x; } if(b==2){ x = ns2::x; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } Cheers, Pascal

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