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• what exactly is system programming?

  - by kentjh

  I have never understood what system programming meant. The usual definition given is "...doing something close to the Os or extending Os features...". Does using Windows API directly rather than some libraries to say do file i/o make it system programming? Was writing Android OS system programming? If I write something that would expose linux kernel through a console like app on Android am I doing system programming? If I am writing software to control a washing machine am I writing system programming? I am a beginner in programming and this is confusing me to no end. Please explain contrasting it with "application programming".

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• Know Thy Operating System?

  - by AdityaGameProgrammer

  As developers how much time, or do you spend time, In learning the hidden features tricks of your operating system ? How important do you feel is this for productivity in day to day programming? tasks. What do you mean when you list knowledge of an OS in your resume? What are your favorite hidden -less known features For example: A common problem of How can i open the cmd window in a specific location a do it yourself solution in say xp and what to do if something breaks Are these something you look into as and when you find the need to do so?

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• Finding duplicate files?

  - by ub3rst4r

  I am going to be developing a program that detects duplicate files and I was wondering what the best/fastest method would be to do this? I am more interested in what the best hash algorithm would be to do this? For example, I was thinking of having it get the hash of each files contents and then group the hashes that are the same. Also, should there be a limit set for what the maximum file size can be or is there a hash that is suitable for large files?

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• *Hidden Features* in your operating system that increase productivity?

  - by AdityaGameProgrammer

  As developers how much time, or do you spend time, In learning the hidden features tricks of your operating system ? How important do you feel is this for productivity in day to day programming? tasks. What do you mean when you list knowledge of an OS in your resume? What are your most useful hidden -less known features For example: A common problem of How can i open the cmd window in a specific location a do it yourself solution in say xp and what to do if something breaks Or are these something you look into as and when you find the need to do so?

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• Developing a computer system based on Nand2Tetris [on hold]

  - by Ryan

  I recently finished a book called Nand2Tetris (nand2tetris.org) where I built my own computer system from scratch with its own machine language, assembly code, and a high level language called Jack that's translated to Hack binary. However, I feel like the "computer" I built throughout the course of this book (called the Hack computer) is a bit too simple for various reasons: 1) There are only two registers (D and A), whereas most computers have much more 2) Peripheral devices like mouse and keyboard have to be directly implemented 3) Peripheral devices use a pre-planned shared memory map to communicate with the CPU instead of using interrupts (which aren't covered at all) 4) Jack (the high level language) code doesn't compile to Assembly code directly, instead it compiles to an intermediate language, which in turn gets translated to Assembly. 5) There is no ROM or permanent storage device, everything is stored in RAM 6) No support for colored monitor, networking or sound I would like to build a more complicated computer system now based on what I've learned from Nand2Tetris. Does anyone know of any good resources or books to get started on this? (BTW by computer system I mean software that can emulate the hardware of a virtual computer with its own unique instruction set)

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• Is it safe to convert Windows file paths to Unix file paths with a simple replace?

  - by MxyL

  So for example say I had it so that all of my files will be transferred from a windows machine to a unix machine as such: C:\test\myFile.txt to {somewhere}/test/myFile.txt (drive letter is irrelevant at this point). Currently, our utility library that we wrote ourselves provides a method that does a simple replace of all back slashes with forward slashes: public String normalizePath(String path) { return path.replaceAll("\\", "/"); } Slashes are reserved and cannot be part of a file name, so the directory structure should be preserved. However, I'm not sure if there are other complications between windows and unix paths that I may need to worry about (eg: non-ascii names, etc)

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• A more concise example that illustrates that type inference can be very costly?

  - by mrrusof

  It was brought to my attention that the cost of type inference in a functional language like OCaml can be very high. The claim is that there is a sequence of expressions such that for each expression the length of the corresponding type is exponential on the length of the expression. I devised the sequence below. My question is: do you know of a sequence with more concise expressions that achieves the same types? # fun a -> a;; - : 'a -> 'a = <fun> # fun b a -> b a;; - : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b = <fun> # fun c b a -> c b (b a);; - : (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'c = <fun> # fun d c b a -> d c b (c b (b a));; - : ((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'd = <fun> # fun e d c b a -> e d c b (d c b (c b (b a)));; - : (((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'd -> 'e) -> ((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'e = <fun> # fun f e d c b a -> f e d c b (e d c b (d c b (c b (b a))));; - : ((((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'd -> 'e) -> ((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'e -> 'f) -> (((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'd -> 'e) -> ((('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'c -> 'd) -> (('a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'c) -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'f = <fun>

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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• "t-sql" tool for csv files?

  - by adolf garlic

  Is there a tool that allows to query files based on the following criteria, and change them? creation date filenames (e.g. filetypeA_YYYYMMDD_data2.blah) file content For the example, the workflow could be the following one: Get all files created between date x and date y, where the filename contains z and the file itself contains value x under column zzz. Update it to be a different value/another column.

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• Which approach is the most maintainable?

  - by 2rs2ts

  When creating a product which will inherently suffer from regression due to OS updates, which of these is the preferable approach when trying to reduce maintenance cost and the likelihood of needing refactoring, when considering the task of interpreting system state and settings for a lay user? Delegate the responsibility of interpreting the results of inspecting the system to the modules which perform these tasks, or, Separate the concerns of interpretation and inspection into two modules? The first obviously creates a blob in which a lot of code would be verbose, redundant, and hard to grok; the second creates a strong coupling in which the interpretation module essentially has to know what it expects from inspection routines and will have to adapt to changes to the OS just as much as the inspection will. I would normally choose the second option for the separation of concerns, foreseeing the possibility that inspection routines could be re-used, but a developer updating the product to deal with a new OS feature or something would have to not only write an inspection routine but also write an interpretation routine and link the two correctly - and it gets worse for a developer who has to change which inspection routines are used to get a certain system setting, or worse yet, has to fix an inspection routine which broke after an OS patch. I wonder, is it better to have to patch one package a lot or two packages, each somewhat less so?

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• Why is Android VM-based? [closed]

  - by adib

  By about 2004, it was clear that ARM is the clear winner for mobile CPUs, beating out MIPS, SH3, and DragonBall. PocketPC (Windows Mobile) applications was natively-compiled (at least most of them - except for .NET compact and its competitors). Likewise, Apple's iOS (named iPhone OS at the time) prefers natively-compiled applications. Then why Android chose a virtual machine based system stack? (the Dalvik VM). Wouldn't it be simpler to just compile applications down to ARM code using GCJ or something? Is the decision influenced by the J2ME-way of doing things, or was just because it's "cool"? Perhaps like most things Java, the culture that prefers multiple levels of indirection and abstractions, they just added another layer of abstraction for "just in case"?

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• Is there a difference between multi-tasking and time-sharing?

  - by Dummy Derp

  Just going over my school notes, my teacher identifies multi-tasking OS, and time-sharing OS as two different things. I really don't see a difference between the two. MULTI-TASKING: You load a number of programs in the memory and execute them. You execute another program if the time quantum allocated to the current program expires OR if it goes on to do I/O and leaves the CPU OR if it finishes execution. TIME-SHARING: the same,again. The same applies in case of serial processing and batch processing. Although they are the same, I guess the only difference would be the way in which control information is passed to the CPU. Maybe, and again MAYBE, in serial processing you need to provide the punch cards with all the processes while in batch, the entire batch uses the same set of control information. Like all the print jobs would have the same control information.

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• How did we get saddled with the (hierarchical) filesystem as the basic data structure?

  - by user1936

  I'm self-taught and I don't have a CS degree. The more I've been learning about data structure, the more I wonder, in this day and age, how are we still saddled with the filesystem, with directories and files, as the basic data storage structure on the OS? I understand the simplicity of it, but it seems nowadays that there could be more options available natively. As far as I'm aware, the only project to improve the basic functionality of the filesystem was ReiserFS, where you could tell what line of a file was changed by whom, and when. For instance, if I could have native tagging for files, where I could tag images, diagrams, word-processing documents, an entire code repository, all as belonging to a single project, that would really be helpful to me. Since I'm stuck in the filesystem paradigm, I know that I could put all those into a single folder/directory, but what if they already exist in disparate directories, and they need to stay there? I know there are programs out there that can do this, but why aren't they on the filesystem? Something that would be nice to have is some kind of relational feature in the filesystem, like you get with RDBMSes. I understand that that was supposed to be part of Vista/7, but that fell off the feature list too. Sure, any program can store a binary file and have any data structure it wants in it, by why couldn't the OS offer more complex ways of storing data, beyond the simple heirarchy of the filesystem?

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• New: ZFS Storage Appliance Videos

  - by Roxana Babiciu

  Check out part one of a new video series for ZFS Storage Appliance. In video #1, you’ll learn about the advantages built into Oracle’s ZS3 Storage Appliance that come from the unique position that Oracle holds in the market. In video #2, you’ll learn how best to monitor large ZS3 installations as well as the use of Enterprise Manager as a complement to dtrace analytics at the ZFS Storage Appliance device level.

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• File system with chained clusters

  - by Maki Maki

  I'm trying to create school file system with partitions on disks, every partition has its cluster for her representation. typedef unsigned long ClusterNo; const unsigned long ClusterSize = 2048; int x, y ;//x ,y are entries for two-chained lists of clusters if (endOfFile<maxsize// { ... { pointer = KernelFS::searchFreeCluster(partitionPointer->letter) " How can I initialize the beginning for two clusters, their pointers to be 32 bits?

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• understanding computers [closed]

  - by Ashwin

  Possible Duplicate: Good resources to understand how a program interacts with machine hardware I don't know if this is the correct StackExchange site to ask this question. But I could not find any other. I want to understand how a computer works from the software level to the internal structure. For example what happens when I press a button on keyboard. The OS interprets it and then what changes happen in the flip-flops. How is an operating system written? If it is written using some programming language, then how is that interpreter written. At some point it has to come down to the hardware, right? I know to program in c, c++ and java. But after all these years I am still not sure about what is happening inside. I would be grateful to anyone who points me to to a link or a video that explains this to the deep.

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• With Its MySQL Database-as-a-Service CERN Empowers Scientists

  - by Bertrand Matthelié

  The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is one of the world’s largest and most respected centers for scientific research. Founded in 1954 and located near Geneva on the Franco-Swiss border, CERN was one of Europe’s first joint ventures. Today, it has 20 member states. The organization uses the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments to study fundamental particles and the origin of the universe. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Challenges Better support the scientists associated with a CERN research program who selected MySQL as their database. Empower users, enabling them to be as self-reliant as possible. Minimize complexity and costs for the CERN IT department to support the growing number of MySQL deployments. Solution Delivered a MySQL Database-as-a-Service offering to the CERN employees and the scientists associated with the organization. Allowed researchers selecting MySQL for their project to get access to a database instance hosted by the CERN IT department, either from the start or once their application has become critical. Implemented the service using Oracle’s server virtualization software, Oracle VM, for increased flexibility and reduced costs. Empowered users with a self-service approach, providing them with tools to manage MySQL themselves while handling backups and other basic database administration tasks for them. Enabled scientists to rely on MySQL with increased reliability, security and manageability while reducing complexity and minimizing costs. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} "The Cloud model has allowed us to deliver a self-service platform to our MySQL users, empowering them while minimizing costs for CERN." Tony Cass, Database Services Group Leader, IT department, CERN.

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• How to start embedded development for developing a handheld game console?

  - by Quakeboy

  I work as a iPhone app developer now, so I know a bit of c, c++ and objective c. Also have fiddled with Java and many other. All of them have been just high level application/games development. My final goal is to make a handheld game console. More like a home made NES/SNES handheld console or even an Atari. I have found out about RaspberryPI and Arduino. But I need more information about how to approach this. 1) How Do I learn to pick the best board/cpu/controller/GPU/LCD screen/LCD controller etc? 2) Will learning to make a NES emulator first help me understand this field? If so are there any tutorials?

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• Matlab: Why is '1' + 1 == 50? [migrated]

  - by phi

  Matlab has weak dynamic typing, which is what causes this weird behaviour. What I do not understand is what exactly happens, as this result really surprises me. Edit: To clarify, what I'm describing is clearly a result of Matlab storing chars in ASCII-format, which was also mentioned in the comments. I'm more interested in the way Matlab handles its variables, and specifically, how and when it assigns a type/tag to the values. Thanks. '1' is a 1-by-1 matrix of chars in matlab and '123' is a 1-by-3 matrix of chars. As expected, 1 returns a 1-by-1 double. Now if I enter '1' + 1 I get 50 as a 1-by-1 double, and if I enter '123' + 1 I get a 1-by-3 double [ 50 51 52 ] Furthermore, if I type 'a' + 1 the result is 98 in a 1-by-1 double. I assume this has to do with how Matlab stores char-variables in ascii form, but how exactly is it handling these? Are the data actually unityped and tagged, or how does it work? Thanks.

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• Exadata - Following up on customer deployments

  - by Carlos M. Orozco -Oracle

  Over the last year or so I've been visiting customers who have had Exadata deployed and have been enjoying the benefits the platform has been providing. Benefits include greater performance, consolidating multiple databases, data compression and time to value improvements. Most often I hear my reports run faster. One hospitality company report times that used to take 3 hrs now run in 12 seconds. Another services company reported all their batch reports taking 11hrs now run in 38 mins. Also reported that their transactions post faster, and batch updates run faster. So what does that mean? For most of them it means that now they have a platform that can handle growth. Most are growing 15% organically, but I've also seen 40% growth thru acquisition. Exadata has been keeping up with the additional data demand by customers leveraging compression and the smart storage features.

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• Why was Tannenbaum wrong in the Tannenbaum-Torvalds debates?

  - by Robz

  I was recently assigned reading from the Tannenbaum-Torvalds debates in my OS class. In the debates, Tannenbaum makes some predictions: Microkernels are the future x86 will die out and RISC architectures will dominate the market (5 years from then) everyone will be running a free GNU OS I was a 1 year old when the debates happened, so I lack historical intuition. Why have these predictions not panned out? It seems to me, that from Tannenbaum's perspective, they're pretty reasonable predictions of the future. What happened so that they didn't come to pass?

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• Any pre-rolled System.IO abstraction libraries out there for Unit Testing?

  - by Binary Worrier

  To test methods that use the file system we need to basically put System.IO behind a set of interfaces that we can then mock, I do this with a DiskIO class and interface. As my DiskIO code gets larger (and the grumblings from the we're unconvinced about this TDD thing crowd here in work get louder), I went looking for a comprehensive open source library that already does this and found . . . nothing. I may be looking in the wrong place or have approached this problem in completely the wrong way. I can't be the only idiot in this position, do these libraries exist, if so where are they? Any you've used and would recommend? Thanks P.S. I'm happy with my current approach i.e. starting with what we need, and adding only when the need arises. Unfortunately the we're unconvinced about this TDD thing crowd remain unconvinced, and think that I can't be right.

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• Why was Tanenbaum wrong in the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debates?

  - by Robz

  I was recently assigned reading from the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debates in my OS class. In the debates, Tanenbaum makes some predictions: Microkernels are the future x86 will die out and RISC architectures will dominate the market (5 years from then) everyone will be running a free GNU OS I was a one year old when the debates happened, so I lack historical intuition. Why have these predictions not panned out? It seems to me, that from Tanenbaum's perspective, they're pretty reasonable predictions of the future. What happened so that they didn't come to pass?

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• What tales of horror have you regarding "whitespace" errors?

  - by reechard

  I'm looking for tales of woe such as companies, websites and products failing, religious flamewars, data loss. Examples: text editor settings conflicts indent at 4 tabs at 8 vs. indent at 2 tabs at 4 windows line endings vs. unix line endings, text vs. binary files, source code control related terms: "line feed" "carriage return" "horizontal tab" "mono spacing" "unix line endings" "version control" "diff" "merge" "ftp"

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• Interface hierarchy design for separate domains

  - by jerzi

  There are businesses and people. People could be liked and businesses could be commented on: class Like class Comment class Person implements iLikeTarget class Business implements iCommentTarget Likes and comments are performed by a user(person) so they are authored: class Like implements iAuthored class Comment implements iAuthored People's like could also be used in their history: class history class Like implements iAuthored, iHistoryTarget Now, a smart developer comes and says each history is attached to a user so history should be authored: interface iHistoryTarget extends iAuthored so it could be removed from class Like: class Person implements iLikeTarget class Business implements iCommentTarget class Like implements iHistoryTarget class Comment implements iAuthored class history interface iHistoryTarget extends iAuthored Here, another smart guy comes with a question: How could I capture the Authored fact in Like and Comment classes? He may knows nothing about history concept in the project. By scalling these kind of functionallities, interfaces may goes to their encapsulated types which cause more type strength, on the other hand explicitness suffered and also code end users will face much pain to process. So here is the question: Should I encapsulate those dependant types to their parent types (interface hierarchies) or not or explicitly repeat each type for every single level of my type system or ...?

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